EP0373524B1 - Dampfumformverfahren - Google Patents

Dampfumformverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0373524B1
EP0373524B1 EP89122642A EP89122642A EP0373524B1 EP 0373524 B1 EP0373524 B1 EP 0373524B1 EP 89122642 A EP89122642 A EP 89122642A EP 89122642 A EP89122642 A EP 89122642A EP 0373524 B1 EP0373524 B1 EP 0373524B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling water
valve
steam
temperature
stroke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP89122642A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0373524A1 (de
Inventor
Günther Dr. Dipl.Ing. Von Nordheim
Jochen Dipl-.Ing. Sass
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Welland and Tuxhorn AG
Original Assignee
Welland and Tuxhorn AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6368943&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0373524(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Welland and Tuxhorn AG filed Critical Welland and Tuxhorn AG
Priority to AT89122642T priority Critical patent/ATE85843T1/de
Publication of EP0373524A1 publication Critical patent/EP0373524A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0373524B1 publication Critical patent/EP0373524B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/12—Controlling superheat temperature by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/002—Steam conversion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating the conversion of steam in a steam conversion valve, in which water vapor from a thermodynamic state 1 given by its temperature T FD and its pressure p FD (live steam) by means of cooling water injection into a by its temperature T AD and its pressure p AD given thermodynamic state 2 (exhaust steam) is transferred, the live steam passage (mass flow ⁇ FD ) with a stroke adjustable by a main drive DUV of a valve body in the valve can be changed and in the cooling water with a thermodynamic state given at least by its temperature T KW a cooling water flow (Mass flow ⁇ KW ), which can be changed in a cooling water valve with a stroke s KWV of a valve body that can be adjusted by an auxiliary drive, the steam-converting valve cooperating with at least one controller that uses a computer to at least one of the temperature and / or pressure of the exhaust steam (T AD ; p AD ) dependent control variable which acts at least on the auxiliary drive of the cooling water valve and thus on
  • Control methods for converting live steam as are required in the power plant sector, in order to cope with fluctuations in steam take-off that occur, for example, when the load changes, with regard to the given inertia of the steam generator, are known per se. With their help, a certain amount of steam per unit of time should be relaxed and cooled, so that the thermodynamic state of the outgoing steam corresponds to that according to work done.
  • control methods are also required in other branches of industry, wherever heating by steam is required. These are, for example, stoves, thickeners, dryers, as are used in many areas of industry, such as in the chemical industry, the food industry, the textile or paper industry.
  • the control is always carried out by (almost) adiabatic expansion of the live steam in a steam conversion valve, into which additional cooling water is injected to achieve the desired state values so that it evaporates in the steam flow.
  • the saturation limit temperature of the outgoing steam must not be fallen below and the injected cooling water must evaporate completely, since free droplets (both through condensation and as the rest of the injection) result in damage to the connected pipes and fittings.
  • steam conversion valves are used, the steam throughput of which, with the help of an adjustable valve body, generally meets the process requirements specified by the process control system can be adapted and which are provided with a cooling water injection, the cooling water passage can also be regulated by a corresponding design of the cooling water valve.
  • control commands are given to the valve body in the cooling water valve or in the steam converter valve that determines the cooling water throughput and / or the steam throughput, these valve bodies being moved by actuators and their stroke represent a characteristic quantity in the valve housing for the throttling ratios of the valves.
  • the controller itself is supplied with at least the values for the evaporating temperature and, if the measured evaporating temperature deviates from the specified target value, the cooling water throughput is increased or decreased in accordance with the direction of the deviation. How far further values are fed to it depends on the type of process. If - as a result of irregular changes in consumption - the outlet pressure is subject to fluctuations, a regulation based on the outlet pressure is used, in which the inlet pressure from the steam source can generally be regarded as constant. Conversely, if the outlet pressure of the outgoing steam is constant, for example due to a condenser of sufficient size downstream of the valve, the control method is based on the measured magnitude of the admission pressure.
  • At least the values for the evaporation temperature are measured for the control itself.
  • the controller According to DE-PS 905 018, the controller generates a control signal which is dependent on the measured evaporation pressure, by means of which, in the event of deviations in the measured evaporation pressure from a predetermined desired value, both the stroke of the valve body of the steam conversion valve and the stroke of the valve body of the cooling water valve are influenced.
  • the measurement of the temperature of the exhaust steam can occur due to possible formation of strands in the exhaust steam flow or due to insufficient evaporation of the cooling water to the measuring location can only be carried out unsafe. This uncertainty forces the measuring point to be moved downstream of the steam conversion valve.
  • DE-A-31 21 442 describes a method for regulating the temperature of a steam flowing in a line, in which cooling water for changing the temperature is injected into the steam in a controlled manner as a function of a predetermined steam temperature setpoint measured fresh steam temperature T FD and its pressure p FD of the incoming steam the enthalpy H FD of the steam, from the predetermined setpoint T X, AD the desired steam temperature behind the injection point and from the pressure p AD of the outgoing steam the enthalpy H AD in a second computer behind the injection point and the enthalpy H KW corresponding directly to the temperature of the cooling water and from the measured quantity (mass flow) ⁇ FD of the incoming steam, the difference between the vapor enthalpies (H FD - H AD ) in front of and behind the injection point and the enthalpy H KW of the cooling water in a third computer the setpoint ⁇ X, KW is determined for the injection medium and is used as a reference setpoint for the quantitative
  • the object of this method is to prevent deviations in the temperature of the exhaust steam and thus impermissible fluctuations in the temperature of the steam leading to thermal shock cracks in the steam converting valve, and the regulation in the sense of self-adaptation and in particular also adaptation to further develop (production-related or wear-related) deviations of the characteristic curve of the valve from its ideal characteristic curve.
  • the method is refined without conventional control of the output variables so that a comparison of the calculated output values for the thermodynamic state 2 ejected by the model can be compared with the measured output values.
  • the distance of the real measuring points for pressure and temperature from the throttle cross-section of the steam converter valve results in pressure and temperature corrections for the values relating to this cross-section, which relate to the pressure from the dynamic pressure of the flowing steam as well as from the pipe friction occurring follow the deflection losses from the known limits of fluid dynamics (e.g. according to Colbrook or Nikuradse).
  • the masses of the walls surrounding the flow with their heat capacity are basically to be regarded as sinks because of the inevitable heat losses; If the live steam temperature rises, they absorb more heat, which is released again when the temperature drops. This leads to the fact that temporal temperature fluctuations at the live steam temperature measuring point may change the strength of the sink until it is reversed (the sink becomes the source).
  • H' AD H ′ AD (p ′ AD , T ′ AD , m ⁇ ′ FD , p ′ KW , T ′ KW , m ⁇ ′ KW ).
  • the cooling water flow changes, namely by changing the stroke of the valve body in the cooling water valve until the specific enthalpy based on the measured state values corresponds to the calculated target value.
  • the values with a dash (′) are calculated values, those without a dash (′) are measured; the values relating to the throttle cross-section are not shown, they are "fictitious" values that appear as auxiliary variables in the computing process (although it goes without saying that they can be output as a protocol via corresponding computer instructions).
  • the calculation is carried out by a microprocessor, which calculates the fictitious output values, which are then fed to the controller as "setpoints".
  • the input parameters are related to the valve throttle cross section. However, since these cannot be measured in this cross section, the sensors or measuring probes are arranged at a distance upstream or downstream for the output values. Except for the steam temperature sensor, which is due to the delayed equilibrium formation to be arranged separately, the sensors should also be integrated in the valve body. The resulting deviations consist in the fact that additional heat losses due to the masses present between the measuring location and the reference cross-section must be taken into account in the event of a temperature fluctuation.
  • the model is calculated with the aid of a microprocessor, which is provided with a working memory in which the passage values of the steam converter valve and the cooling water valve are stored as a function of the stroke of the valve body. If the computer detects deviations from the theoretical ideal values, it corrects them accordingly and replaces the ideal values with the corrected real values. In this way, not only are the transient processes more precisely regulated, but they are also used to obtain information about deviations from the specified ideal behavior and to record these deviations in the working memory. In this way, changes in the valve characteristic due to erosion-related changes in the valve geometry are also taken into account. For this purpose, a special drift correction, which is superordinate to the computer, is also generated, for example in a drift controller likewise designed as a computer with memory.
  • the model computer used registers all occurring deviations, including those that are caused by operator interventions or control system interventions from the outside. If such interventions result in predetermined limit values being exceeded, these exceedances are recognized and registered by the model computer as a "fault". Such fault reports can trigger an acoustic or visual alarm.
  • the logging is advantageously carried out in such a way that it cannot be deleted without a trace.
  • known memory elements are used, in which the incident log with time and incident code (to identify the type of incident) are stored electronically. This storage is independent of a power supply in the sense of a "read only memory (ROM) memory”. Information stored in this way is retained, it can only be deleted by external influences, whereby this external influence leaves recognizable traces. It goes without saying that it is also possible to print out the accident logs so that complete monitoring is possible.
  • the model computer itself is constructed in the usual computer design, with a microprocessor in cooperation with a coprocessor forming the active part.
  • a working memory of sufficient size to hold the program and the information to be stored (valve characteristics, H, T diagram) are connected to the active part in the usual way.
  • a further memory section is provided, which retains battery-backed data and logs, even in the event of a power failure.
  • a / D converter inputs are provided for the analogue measured values, additional additional inputs as pure digital inputs.
  • Pulse, control and status outputs are provided as outputs, which are switched through by means of electromechanical or electronic switching elements present in the computer.
  • the computer has analog outputs as well as serial and / or parallel interfaces.
  • a direct display e.g. An LCD display is also provided, as are indicator lights for the status (operation, alarm, or the like). Direct input into the model computer is possible with an upstream keyboard.
  • model behavior can also be simulated in a higher-level process computer of the control technology, the output values of which are generated by calculation and then the above-described "fictitious output values" of the model computer.
  • the measured value inputs are connected to sensors and sensors for
  • command variables e.g. from a higher-level control system
  • the sensor inputs are assigned transmission elements that bring about linearization of non-linear sensor characteristics. This keeps the model computer free of non-linear relationships between the size to be measured and the sensor or sensor output.
  • the secured memory for the accident logs can be read out via the interfaces of the model computer, its content can also be displayed on the screen of the operating device or printed out via a possibly connected printer.
  • the log memory contains a machine-dependent pre-assignment from the outset, which would also be deleted in the event of unauthorized deletion due to external intervention. That way it will Detection of manipulation possible.
  • this memory section for the accident logs can be read by an interface or the like via a corresponding interface, independently of the microprocessor, by a third party. For this purpose, data can be taken directly on the computer, but it is also possible to make the independent and separate memory part removable, so that it can be read out at the monitoring point completely independently of the operator's operation.
  • limit deviations can also be specified, if they are exceeded, at least a log output, possibly even an alarm, is issued.
  • This alarm can - just like the alarm if the specified extreme values for the thermodynamic state are exceeded or if the temperature difference falls below a critical value for the vapor temperature-saturation limit temperature the alarm is given acoustically or optically regardless of the incident log.
  • a steam forming station 10 with live steam feed line 11 and waste steam discharge line 12 contains the steam forming valve 13 with a cooling water injection.
  • the cooling water is supplied to the cooling water throttle valve 15 via a cooling water supply line 14 and flows from there via the injection line 16 to the steam conversion valve 13.
  • the injection takes place in the usual way downstream of the throttle point, and the injection can also be directly connected to the control of the cooling water flow, for example in the known manner that an axially arranged cooling water pipe in the steam conversion valve is provided with radial bores, which are closed by a closed one , axially displaceable pipe is overlaid, the auxiliary drive for regulating the cooling water mass flow acting on an upstream control valve.
  • the valve bodies are moved with the valve body drive 17 on the steam-converting valve or with the auxiliary drive 18 on the cooling water valve.
  • Sensors 17.1 and 18.1 report the movements and the travel distances of the valve bodies back to the computer 20.
  • Limit switches 17.2 and 18.2.2 limit the strokes on the steam converter valve and cooling water valve and in turn report that the end position has been reached to the master computer 20.
  • the live steam line 11 there are sensors (11.1, 11.2) at a distance from the steam converter valve for the temperature and pressure of the live steam arranged.
  • the corresponding values for temperature and pressure of the exhaust steam are taken off using the sensors 12.1, 12.2 provided in the exhaust steam line 12.
  • the steam state values determined in this way go to the master computer 20.
  • the cooling water feed is monitored in the same way, the pressure difference important for the determination of the mass flow from the values of the pressure sensors 14.2, 16.2 upstream and downstream the cooling water valve is formed.
  • the temperature sensors 14.1, 16.1 shown can - insofar as they are not entirely eliminated - be reduced to one temperature sensor, provided that the temperature required for the enthalpy calculation can be assumed to be constant (especially since temperature fluctuations in the normal range of the cooling water temperature T KW are only slightly dense and thus enter the mass flow ⁇ KW ).
  • the computer 20 - which is not shown in more detail - is provided with a microprocessor, which preferably cooperates with a coprocessor and which has a program and working memory, as well as a backup memory with battery backup and a further separate memory for logging faults
  • a clock provides the logging with the date and time and which is also provided with a battery buffer.
  • Corresponding inputs with A / D converters are provided for the recording of analog measured values (which can be omitted if the measured values are supplied digitally).
  • the outputs are provided as impulse, control or status channels with relay contacts via which the ejected commands go to the drives and which also take on the auxiliary functions (e.g. status functions, alarm triggers via lamp 23.1 or horn 23.2 or the like).
  • Further analog outputs can be switched as current or voltage sources and allow the adoption of analog values that are to be displayed.
  • the operation takes place either via a provided control keyboard 21 or via a connected, remote operating device (eg personal computer 25) or via a process computer.
  • the inputs and outputs as well as the status states can be recognized on the control panel by a display 22 or by light fields 24 (which can of course be omitted if the control panel is set up remotely).
  • the values entered as parameters are stored in the memories of the connected Control panels are available, which the microprocessor can access as well as information available in the working memory.
  • the basic setting of the valve based on the manufacturer's design is expediently stored in an EPROM, it serves as a comparison value for "creeping" changes in the valve characteristics, for example as a result of wear.
  • the sensors for are connected to the analog measurement inputs
  • the individual inputs can remain unoccupied if the relevant status values remain constant due to the process or can be regarded as constant. It goes without saying that, depending on the type of sensor, additional amplifiers, converters or A / D converters can be used (in which case the A / D converter must be bridged in the analog input). Any possible compensations (for thermocouples e.g. ice point compensation and / or linearization) are carried out by the computer, to which the corresponding subroutines are entered. All values are queried about once per second, a time interval which is generally small compared to considerable time constants for the establishment of a steady state equilibrium in steam converter valves. It goes without saying that this time interval for the cyclical interrogation can also be significantly shortened or extended for other time constants.
  • thermocouples e.g. ice point compensation and / or linearization
  • digital status inputs are provided, which can be used to monitor any limit values or to feed additional commands or the like.
  • the meaning of these status inputs is defined in the operating program. It goes without saying that all inputs are protected against overvoltage and electrostatic influences.
  • An EPROM is used as a separate protocol memory, in the exemplary embodiment with a memory capacity of 8 kB. It records all faulty driving styles and user interventions, e.g. can lead to free water in the steam converter valve or to excessive thermal stress.
  • the content read into this EPROM can be read out via a designated interface. It goes without saying that these are displayed on a screen of the operating device (regardless of whether it is provided on the computer or set up remotely from it) or printed out on a connected printer.
  • a special machine-dependent pre-assignment of this EPROM ensures that deletion with the aim of destroying fault logs is identified. This assignment - e.g. Repeatedly entering the job number and job name is, regardless of the operator, definable or selectable, so that unwanted influences, e.g. by the operator.
  • corresponding interfaces are provided which are designed in parallel and / or in series. This also enables remote data transmission, which enables remote control, remote checking and, if necessary, triggering corresponding maintenance measures.
  • This function can also be performed by the personal computer 25, which is connected to a process control computer, a remote data transmission modem or the like via a line 27 connected to an interface and can thus receive and output data.
  • a printer 26 permits printing of the data for storage displayed on the screen of the personal computer 25 (or the display 22).
  • the master computer 20 can be programmed and designed with regard to an uninterruptible power supply in such a way that it continues to fulfill the classic controller function in the event of a failure of the process control system or in the event of faults, such as failure of sensors or measured value transmission lines, and at least in safety-relevant applications maintains the operationally necessary regulation. It goes without saying that such an accident programming can be aimed at the method as a whole.
  • the model is able to recognize creeping changes and incorporate them into the further calculations, and it becomes self-adapting as a system that is capable of learning.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)
EP89122642A 1988-12-10 1989-12-08 Dampfumformverfahren Revoked EP0373524B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89122642T ATE85843T1 (de) 1988-12-10 1989-12-08 Dampfumformverfahren.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3841741 1988-12-10
DE3841741A DE3841741A1 (de) 1988-12-10 1988-12-10 Dampfumformverfahren

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0373524A1 EP0373524A1 (de) 1990-06-20
EP0373524B1 true EP0373524B1 (de) 1993-02-17

Family

ID=6368943

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89122642A Revoked EP0373524B1 (de) 1988-12-10 1989-12-08 Dampfumformverfahren

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0373524B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE85843T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3841741A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19901656A1 (de) 1999-01-18 2000-07-20 Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Temperatur am Austritt eines Dampfüberhitzers
JP7372083B2 (ja) * 2019-08-30 2023-10-31 株式会社カネカ 発泡粒子の製造装置および製造方法
CN116500898B (zh) * 2023-05-11 2024-03-19 华电国际电力股份有限公司莱城发电厂 基于特征流量辨识的火电机组agc负荷控制系统

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE905018C (de) * 1951-12-09 1954-02-25 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur Heissdampfkuehlung
US3134827A (en) * 1959-12-23 1964-05-26 Siemens Ag Steam conversion valve
FR1264239A (fr) * 1960-07-22 1961-06-19 Sulzer Ag Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la température d'un échangeur de chaleur
DE3121442A1 (de) * 1981-05-29 1983-01-05 Steag Ag, 4300 Essen Verfahren zur regelung der temperatur von in einer leitung stroemenden dampf durch einspritzung und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3841741A1 (de) 1990-06-13
DE3841741C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-02-18
DE58903568D1 (de) 1993-03-25
EP0373524A1 (de) 1990-06-20
ATE85843T1 (de) 1993-03-15

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