EP0368776A1 - Heating cable, especially for radiation heating - Google Patents
Heating cable, especially for radiation heating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0368776A1 EP0368776A1 EP89460036A EP89460036A EP0368776A1 EP 0368776 A1 EP0368776 A1 EP 0368776A1 EP 89460036 A EP89460036 A EP 89460036A EP 89460036 A EP89460036 A EP 89460036A EP 0368776 A1 EP0368776 A1 EP 0368776A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- cable
- insulating layer
- sheath
- electrically insulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heating cable and, more particularly, a heating cable intended for direct heating by radiation.
- Underfloor heating using electric heating cables must currently meet the following standards in France: - CSTB unified technical document 65/7, and - NFC 32.330 standard relating to the manufacture of heating cables and heating elements entitled "heating equipment by heating cables with metallic coating, intended to be incorporated into the walls of buildings.”
- Direct heating by radiation is of increasing interest. Indeed, the ground constitutes a very effective emission surface.
- the qualification of "direct” heating implies that the thermal inertia of the heat emitter is weak, that is to say that screeds or floating concrete slabs of small thickness are used placed on a layer of thermally insulating material, the heating cable being installed between the screed and the insulating layer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a heating cable without a metallic braid, which considerably reduces its cost and allows it to be shaped more easily, the cable being sufficiently robust and rigid to withstand, without being deformed, the passage of operators. . This prevents the cable from entering the underlying insulating layer.
- Another object of the invention consists in providing such a preformed heating cable so as to reduce its exposure time.
- a heating cable comprising electrically resistant wires, around which is provided an electrically insulating layer around which is provided a sheath made of rigid thermosplastic material with high flexural strength and high hardness.
- the sheath can be made flexible by raising its temperature to a sufficient value, but which is lower than the temperature of melting or substantial softening of the electrically insulating layer.
- sensitive softening we mean the point where the wires resistant can take an eccentric position in the layer.
- the sheath material is part of the polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene group, provided that it is rigid.
- the electrically insulating layer is made of crosslinked polyethylene.
- the cable is, at the outlet of the extruder, preformed to present undulations.
- the cable of Fig. 1 comprises, in the center, three resistive electrical wires 1, around the three wires 1, an electrically insulating layer 2 and, around it, a mechanically resistant sheath 3.
- the material of the sheath 2 can be of the cross-linked polyethylene type, the thickness of which is preferably 1.2 mm.
- the sheath 3 is made of rigid plastic, of great resistance to bending and of great hardness.
- plastics which can be used for this purpose, mention may be made of rigid polypropylenes, rigid polyvinyl chloride or even rigid polyethylene, etc.
- the thickness of the sheath 3 must be sufficient to ensure the rigidity of the cable.
- the material of the sheath 3 must be thermoplastic for reasons that we will see later. The temperature at which the material of the sheath 3 becomes plastic must be low enough not to melt or deform the material of the sheath 2.
- Fig. 2 shows a frame made with the cable of FIG. 1.
- This frame is made up of a succession of parallel rectilinear sections 4 and elbows 5 so as to form a single uninterrupted but wavy cable.
- the cable length between the midpoints A and B of two consecutive bends, also called a half-turn, is for example 1 m.
- the distance between two adjacent sections is for example 0.10 m, which corresponds to a heating power of 150 W / m2.
- Fig. 3 the same grid has been shown as in FIG. 2, but stretched, that is to say that the sections 4 have been set aside, to form a regular zig-zag line. Stretching is possible because the material of the outer sheath 3 is, although rigid, relatively elastic. Of course, in the stretched position, the sections 4 must be hung on the layer of underlying insulating material. When the midpoints of two successive sections 4 is 0.25 m, the heat output is reduced to 60 W / m2.
- Fig. 4 shows how a frame, such as that of FIG. 2, can be used to evenly heat a floor surface. Since, the entry E, the frame is posed in the direction of arrow F1 until point C where it is necessary to return in the direction of arrow F2, opposite to that of arrow F1. At point C, during installation, the cable is heated, for example using a hot air device, until the sheath 3 is sufficiently plastic to be able to unfold the initial elbow and make it straight. Likewise, at point D, the heating operation is repeated in order to continue laying the weft according to arrow F3, and so on until the outlet S. Of course, if the cable wefts are to be stretched as shown in Fig. 3, first the assembly of FIG. 4, which is then stretched. It will be observed that the cable of the invention thus conditioned is laid flat without difficulty, which is not true for a cable that is unwound from a reel.
- Fig. 5 shows that, to hang the cable of FIG. 1 in the insulating layer 6, one can very simply use plastic hooks or jumpers 7 with tips of fir branches.
- the cable thus hung on the layer 6, which can have a thickness of 3 to 6 cm, for example, is poured on the whole a concrete screed reinforced with a thickness of 5 cm, for example.
- the insulating layer 6 can be made of closed-cell expanded polystyrene, for example.
- a shield can be provided between layer 2 and sheath 3 in the form of a braid made of copper wires.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un câble chauffant et, plus particulièrement, un câble chauffant destiné au chauffage direct par rayonnement.The present invention relates to a heating cable and, more particularly, a heating cable intended for direct heating by radiation.
Le chauffage par le sol au moyen de câbles électriques chauffants doit actuellement en France répondre aux normes suivantes:
- document technique unifié 65/7 du CSTB, et
- norme NFC 32.330 relative à la fabrication des câbles chauffants et éléments de chauffage intitulée "équipements de chauffage par câbles chauffants avec revêtement métallique, destinés à être incorporés dans les parois des bâtiments."Underfloor heating using electric heating cables must currently meet the following standards in France:
- CSTB unified technical document 65/7, and
- NFC 32.330 standard relating to the manufacture of heating cables and heating elements entitled "heating equipment by heating cables with metallic coating, intended to be incorporated into the walls of buildings."
Ces documents concernent essentiellement la mise en oeuvre de câbles installés dans la masse des dalles des planchers, l'inertie thermique de la dalle jouant un rôle prépondérant. L'émission linéique de tels câbles chauffants est alors habituellement comprise entre 25 et 33 W/m.These documents essentially relate to the use of cables installed in the mass of the floor slabs, the thermal inertia of the slab playing a predominant role. The linear emission of such heating cables is then usually between 25 and 33 W / m.
Le chauffage direct par rayonnement présente de plus en plus d'intérêt. En effet, le sol constitue une surface d'émission très efficace. Cependant, la qualification de chauffage dit "direct" implique que l'inertie thermique de l'émetteur de chaleur est faible, c'est-à-dire que l'on utilise des chapes ou des dalles flottantes en béton de faible épaisseur disposées sur une couche en matière thermiquement isolante, le câble chauffant étant installé entre la chape et la couche isolante.Direct heating by radiation is of increasing interest. Indeed, the ground constitutes a very effective emission surface. However, the qualification of "direct" heating implies that the thermal inertia of the heat emitter is weak, that is to say that screeds or floating concrete slabs of small thickness are used placed on a layer of thermally insulating material, the heating cable being installed between the screed and the insulating layer.
Afin de ne pas dépasser le seuil de 28° C en tous points de contact au sol, il faut évidemment, réduire l'émission linéique des cables chauffants utilisés jusqu'à 10 à 15 W/m. On est donc conduit à prévoir des câbles chauffants d'une structure sensiblement différente de celles des câbles connus, en tenant compte de nouvelles contraintes, telles que le risque de pénétration du câble dans la couche isolante thermique lors des déplacements du personnel qui pose le câble ou de celui qui l'enrobe.In order not to exceed the threshold of 28 ° C at all points of contact with the ground, it is obviously necessary to reduce the linear emission of the heating cables used up to 10 to 15 W / m. It is therefore necessary to provide heating cables with a structure substantially different from those of known cables, taking into account new constraints, such as the risk of penetration of the cable into the thermal insulating layer during the movement of the personnel laying the cable. or whoever wraps it.
Par ailleurs, il faut noter que les contraintes mécaniques supportées par le câble lui-même sont moins importantes que celles qui se rencontrent lors de la mise en oeuvre de dalles pleines pour lesquelles on doit utiliser des bennes de béton et du gros outillage de chantier, etc. Il paraît ainsi possible de supprimer la tresse métallique des câbles destinés au chauffage direct.In addition, it should be noted that the mechanical stresses supported by the cable itself are less important than those which are encountered during the implementation of solid slabs for which concrete buckets and large site tools must be used, etc. It thus seems possible to remove the metal braid from cables intended for direct heating.
Un objet de la présente invention consiste à prévoir un câble chauffant sans tresse métallique, ce qui diminue considérablement son coût et permet de le mettre en forme plus facilement, le câble étant suffisamment robuste et rigide pour résister, sans se déformer, aux passages des opérateurs. Ainsi, on évite que le câble ne pénètre dans la couche isolante sous-jacente.An object of the present invention is to provide a heating cable without a metallic braid, which considerably reduces its cost and allows it to be shaped more easily, the cable being sufficiently robust and rigid to withstand, without being deformed, the passage of operators. . This prevents the cable from entering the underlying insulating layer.
Un autre objet de l'invention consiste à prévoir un tel câble chauffant préformé de façon à réduire son temps de pose.Another object of the invention consists in providing such a preformed heating cable so as to reduce its exposure time.
Suivant une caractéristique de l'invention, il est prévu un câble chauffant comprenant des fils électriquement résistants, autour desquels est prévue une couche électriquement isolante autour de laquelle est prévue une gaine en matière thermosplastique rigide à haute résistance à la flexion et grande dureté.According to a characteristic of the invention, there is provided a heating cable comprising electrically resistant wires, around which is provided an electrically insulating layer around which is provided a sheath made of rigid thermosplastic material with high flexural strength and high hardness.
Suivant une autre caractéristique, la gaine peut être rendue souple en élevant sa température jusqu'à une valeur suffisante, mais qui est inférieure à la température de fusion ou de ramollissement sensible de la couche électriquement isolante. Par ramollisement sensible, on désigne le point où les fils résistants peuvent prendre une position excentrée dans la couche.According to another characteristic, the sheath can be made flexible by raising its temperature to a sufficient value, but which is lower than the temperature of melting or substantial softening of the electrically insulating layer. By sensitive softening, we mean the point where the wires resistant can take an eccentric position in the layer.
Suivant une autre caractéristique, la matière de la gaine fait partie du groupe polypropylène, polychlorure de vinyle (PVC), polyéthylène, à la condition qu'il soit rigide.According to another characteristic, the sheath material is part of the polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene group, provided that it is rigid.
Suivant une autre caractéristique, la couche électriquement isolante est en polyéthylène réticulé.According to another characteristic, the electrically insulating layer is made of crosslinked polyethylene.
Suivant une autre caractéristique, le câble est, à la sortie de l'extrudeuse, préformé pour présenter des ondulations.According to another characteristic, the cable is, at the outlet of the extruder, preformed to present undulations.
Les caractéristiques de l'invention mentionnées ci-dessus, ainsi que d'autres, apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante d'un exemple de réalisation, ladite description étant faite en relation avec les dessins joints, parmi lesquels:
- la Fig. 1 est une vue en coupe d'un câble chauffant suivant l'invention,
- la Fig. 2 est une vue en plan d'un câble, suivant la Fig. 1, préformé en vue de la commercialisation,
- la Fig. 3 est une vue de la trame de la Fig. 2 étirée afin de fournir la puissance calorifique désirée,
- la Fig. 4 illustre un câble chauffant, suivant l'invention, après la pose sur une couche isolante, et
- la Fig. 5 montre un exemple de moyen d'accrochage d'un câble sur la couche isolante.
- Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a heating cable according to the invention,
- Fig. 2 is a plan view of a cable, according to FIG. 1, preformed for marketing,
- Fig. 3 is a view of the frame of FIG. 2 stretched to provide the desired heat output,
- Fig. 4 illustrates a heating cable, according to the invention, after laying on an insulating layer, and
- Fig. 5 shows an example of a cable hooking means on the insulating layer.
Le câble de la Fig. 1 comprend, au centre, trois fils électriques résistifs 1, autour des trois fils 1, une couche électriquement isolante 2 et, autour de celle-ci, une gaine mécaniquement résistante 3. La matière de la gaine 2 peut être du genre polyéthylène réticulé, dont l'épaisseur est, de préférence, de 1,2 mm.The cable of Fig. 1 comprises, in the center, three resistive electrical wires 1, around the three wires 1, an electrically insulating
La gaine 3 est en matière plastique rigide, de grande résistance à la flexion et de grande dureté. Parmi les matières plastiques utilisables à cet effet, on peut citer les polypropylènes rigides, les polychlorures de vinyle rigides ou mêmes des polyéthylènes rigides, etc. L'épaisseur de la gaine 3 doit être suffisante pour assurer la rigidité du câble. De plus, la matière de la gaine 3 doit être thermoplastique pour des raisons que l'on verra par la suite. La température à laquelle le matériau de la gaine 3 devient plastique doit être suffisamment basse pour ne pas faire fondre ou déformer le matériau de la gaine 2.The
La Fig. 2 montre une trame fabriquée avec le câble de la Fig. 1. Cette trame se compose d'une succession de tronçons rectilignes parallèles 4 et de coudes 5 de manière à former un seul câble ininterrompu, mais ondulé. La longueur de câble entre les milieux A et B de deux coudes consécutifs, encore appelée demi-spire, est par exemple de 1 m. En position non déployée, telle que montrée à la Fig. 2, la distance entre deux tronçons adjacents est par exemple de 0,10 m, ce qui correspond à une puissance calorifique de 150 W/m².Fig. 2 shows a frame made with the cable of FIG. 1. This frame is made up of a succession of parallel
A la Fig. 3, on a montré la même trame qu'à la Fig. 2, mais étirée, c'est-à-dire que l'on a écarté les tronçons 4, pour former une ligne en zig-zag réguliers. L'étirage est possible car le matériau de la gaine extérieure 3 est, bien que rigide, relativement élastique. Bien entendu, en position étirée, les tronçons 4 doivent être accrochés sur la couche de matière isolante sous-jacente. Quand les milieux de deux tronçons 4 successifs est de 0,25 m, la puissance calorifique est réduite à 60 W/m².In Fig. 3, the same grid has been shown as in FIG. 2, but stretched, that is to say that the
La Fig. 4 montre comment une trame, telle que celle de la Fig. 2, peut être utilisée pour chauffer uniformément une surface de plancher. Depuis, l'entrée E, la trame est posée dans le sens de la flèche F1 jusqu'au point C où il faut revenir dans le sens de la flèche F2, inverse de celui de la flèche F1. Au point C, lors de la pose, le câble est chauffé, par exemple à l'aide d'un appareil à air chaud, jusqu'à rendre la gaine 3 suffisamment plastique pour pouvoir déplier le coude initial et le rendre rectiligne. De même, arrivé au point D, on répète l'opération de chauffage afin de continuer à poser la trame selon la flèche F3, et ainsi de suite jusqu'à la sortie S. Bien entendu, si les trames de câble doivent être étirées comme le montre la Fig. 3, on réalise d'abord le montage de la Fig. 4, que l'on étire ensuite. On observera que le câble de l'invention ainsi conditionné se pose à plat sans difficulté, ce qui n'est pas vrai pour un câble que l'on déroule d'un touret.Fig. 4 shows how a frame, such as that of FIG. 2, can be used to evenly heat a floor surface. Since, the entry E, the frame is posed in the direction of arrow F1 until point C where it is necessary to return in the direction of arrow F2, opposite to that of arrow F1. At point C, during installation, the cable is heated, for example using a hot air device, until the
La Fig. 5 montre que, pour accrocher le câble de la Fig. 1 dans la couche isolante 6, on peut très simplement utiliser des crochets ou des cavaliers 7 en plastique à pointe en branches de sapin. Une fois, le câble ainsi accroché sur la couche 6, qui peut avoir une épaisseur de 3 à 6 cm, par exemple, on coule sur l'ensemble une chape de béton armée d'une épaisseur de 5 cm, par exemple. La couche isolante 6 peut être en polystyrène expansé à cellules fermées, par exemple.Fig. 5 shows that, to hang the cable of FIG. 1 in the insulating layer 6, one can very simply use plastic hooks or jumpers 7 with tips of fir branches. Once, the cable thus hung on the layer 6, which can have a thickness of 3 to 6 cm, for example, is poured on the whole a concrete screed reinforced with a thickness of 5 cm, for example. The insulating layer 6 can be made of closed-cell expanded polystyrene, for example.
Si nécessaire, pour des raisons de nature électrique, on peut prévoir, entre la couche 2 et la gaine 3, un blindage sous la forme d'une tresse en fils de cuivre.If necessary, for reasons of an electrical nature, a shield can be provided between
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8814854 | 1988-11-09 | ||
| FR8814854A FR2638931A1 (en) | 1988-11-09 | 1988-11-09 | HEATING CABLE, PARTICULARLY FOR DIRECT RADIATION HEATING |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0368776A1 true EP0368776A1 (en) | 1990-05-16 |
Family
ID=9371881
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89460036A Withdrawn EP0368776A1 (en) | 1988-11-09 | 1989-10-26 | Heating cable, especially for radiation heating |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0368776A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2638931A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110040026A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-23 | 保时捷股份公司 | Temperature control to the charge cable of the quick charge station with electrically driven vehicles |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1175784A (en) * | 1956-05-25 | 1959-04-01 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Electric heating cable with non-metallic outer sheath |
| DE1565641A1 (en) * | 1966-11-05 | 1970-02-12 | Wagner Kabelwerk | Electric radiator and process for its manufacture |
| FR2223930A1 (en) * | 1973-03-27 | 1974-10-25 | Fabric Cables Electr Cie Gl | Electric cable for ground heating installation - has conductive metal core with preset linear resistance in insulating sleeve |
| FR2279299A2 (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1976-02-13 | Deleage & Fils Ets | Flexible heating element - has meandering semi rigid heating cable on flexible support strips |
| BE843434A (en) * | 1976-06-25 | 1976-10-18 | CABLE FOR INTEGRATED ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM | |
| US4286376A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1981-09-01 | Raychem Corporation | Method of making heater cable of self-limiting conductive extrudates |
-
1988
- 1988-11-09 FR FR8814854A patent/FR2638931A1/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-10-26 EP EP89460036A patent/EP0368776A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1175784A (en) * | 1956-05-25 | 1959-04-01 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Electric heating cable with non-metallic outer sheath |
| DE1565641A1 (en) * | 1966-11-05 | 1970-02-12 | Wagner Kabelwerk | Electric radiator and process for its manufacture |
| FR2223930A1 (en) * | 1973-03-27 | 1974-10-25 | Fabric Cables Electr Cie Gl | Electric cable for ground heating installation - has conductive metal core with preset linear resistance in insulating sleeve |
| FR2279299A2 (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1976-02-13 | Deleage & Fils Ets | Flexible heating element - has meandering semi rigid heating cable on flexible support strips |
| US4286376A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1981-09-01 | Raychem Corporation | Method of making heater cable of self-limiting conductive extrudates |
| BE843434A (en) * | 1976-06-25 | 1976-10-18 | CABLE FOR INTEGRATED ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110040026A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-23 | 保时捷股份公司 | Temperature control to the charge cable of the quick charge station with electrically driven vehicles |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2638931A1 (en) | 1990-05-11 |
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