EP0367656A1 - System zur Integration von FF-Summen- und -Differenzkanälen in einer Antenne eines Überwachungsradars - Google Patents

System zur Integration von FF-Summen- und -Differenzkanälen in einer Antenne eines Überwachungsradars Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0367656A1
EP0367656A1 EP89402922A EP89402922A EP0367656A1 EP 0367656 A1 EP0367656 A1 EP 0367656A1 EP 89402922 A EP89402922 A EP 89402922A EP 89402922 A EP89402922 A EP 89402922A EP 0367656 A1 EP0367656 A1 EP 0367656A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sum
signals
iff
channel
polarization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89402922A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0367656B1 (de
Inventor
Jean Bouko
Joseph Roger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0367656A1 publication Critical patent/EP0367656A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0367656B1 publication Critical patent/EP0367656B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to radar surveillance antennas and, more particularly, in such antennas a system for identifying targets by coded interrogations, the antenna of which is associated with the radar surveillance antenna.
  • Radars can detect the presence of objects or targets and determine some of their characteristics such as their distance, altitude, speed. However, they do not make it possible to determine, in time of war, if the target is friendly or enemy. For such a determination, a system is used which "interrogates" the targets by sending them coded signals which are detected by the latter; the targets can then send coded signals to the interrogating system which indicate its category. A target that does not "respond" properly to coded signals is considered an enemy.
  • Such an interrogator / responder system better known by the Anglo-Saxon abbreviation I.F.F. for "Identification Friend or Foe"
  • I.F.F. Anglo-Saxon abbreviation Friend or Foe
  • This coded signal appears in a particular form on the radar screen near the corresponding radar signal.
  • the antenna of the I.F.F. is carried by the radar antenna and this results in a very bulky and heavy assembly.
  • Such an antenna is for example produced using a so-called primary source of radar signals which illuminates a reflector.
  • the primary source is associated with dipoles which emit IFF signals and also illuminate the radar reflector.
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore a system for integrating the sum and difference channels I.F.F. in a radar surveillance antenna which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks and which meets the standards imposed.
  • the invention relates to a system for integrating sum and difference channels I.F.F. in a radar surveillance antenna, said antenna comprising a primary source of the horn type which illuminates a reflector of the offset type, characterized in that the primary source of the sum sum I.F.F. is obtained by two radiating elements arranged in the horn and in that the primary source of the difference channel I.F.F. is obtained by four radiating elements arranged two by two on either side of the horn.
  • This integration system is also characterized in that the signals of the difference channel in horizontal polarization are, after appropriate phase shift in a phase shifter, mixed using a coupler with the signals of the sum channel in vertical polarization, which allows a reduction in the parasitic signals of the sum IFF channel in cross polarization.
  • the signals of the sum channel in horizontal polarization are, after appropriate phase shift in a circuit, mixed using a coupler to the signals of the difference channel in vertical polarization, which makes it possible to obtain a reduction in the spurious signals of the difference channel IFF in cross polarization.
  • Each radiating element is constituted by a resonant cavity which comprises a rectangular metal box the bottom of which comprises a radiating conductive plate resting on a dielectric layer and the cover of which is constituted by a conductive plate which is carried by a dielectric layer and which faces the radiant conductive plate.
  • the invention applies to a surveillance radar antenna which comprises a primary source and a reflector which is illuminated by the signals emitted by the primary source.
  • the reflector has the shape of a paraboloid with double curvature and the primary source is slightly displaced with respect to the focal point of the paraboloid.
  • Such an antenna is often called an offset primary source or an offset reflector.
  • the primary source is produced using a horn 1 of the "tulip" type (FIG. 1) which is connected to the radar transmitter by a waveguide provided with a polarizer so as to obtain a circular polarization of the radar signal issued.
  • This horn can also propagate TE10 mode in vertical polarization and TE01 mode in horizontal polarization.
  • the sum IFF channel is obtained using two identical radiating elements 3 and 4 placed in the horn 1 while the IFF difference channel is obtained using four radiating elements 5, 6, 7 and 8, identical to elements 3 and 4 but placed two by two on either side of the horn 1.
  • Elements 3 and 4 are arranged in the top 9 and bottom 10 walls of the horn and are inclined relative to the plane of the opening of the horn.
  • the elements 5 to 8 are arranged in a plane parallel to that of the opening of the horn 1.
  • Each radiating element 3 to 8 consists, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, of a rectangular cavity 11 of a metallic material which has a bottom 12 and four sides 13, 14, 15 and 16.
  • the cavity is closed by a cover 17 which is made of dielectric material.
  • the inner wall of the cover is coated with a metal layer 18 of rectangular shape.
  • the cover 17 and metal layer 18 assembly constitutes a so-called guiding plate.
  • the bottom 12 of the box is coated with a dielectric layer 19 surmounted by a metallic layer 20 of rectangular shape in which four slots 21, 22, 23 and 24 are formed arranged in a cross with respect to each other.
  • the microwave signals are applied to the cavity 11 via the slit plate 20 which is connected at two points 25 and 26 to respective coaxial lines 27 and 28.
  • the point 25 is located in alignment with the horizontal slits 22 and 24 while the point 26 is located in alignment with the vertical slots 21 and 23.
  • the dielectric layer 19 and metal layer 20 assembly constitutes a so-called radiating plate.
  • Corners of the rectangular slotted plate 20 are terminated by metal tabs 29 and 30 which serve to perfect the adaptation by adjusting their width and their length.
  • the assembly forms a cavity which radiates energy on a single face, the face 17.
  • the electric field vector 31 is horizontal (horizontal polarization).
  • the microwave signal is applied at point 26, the electric field vector 32 is vertical (vertical polarization).
  • point 25 of the radiating elements will be referenced by the letter H associated with a numerical index.
  • point 26 of the radiating elements will be referenced by the letter V associated with a numerical index.
  • the numerical indices 1 and 2 have been assigned respectively to the radiating elements 3 and 4
  • the numerical indices 3 and 4 have been assigned respectively to the radiating elements 5 and 8
  • the numerical indices 5 and 6 have been assigned respectively to the radiating elements 6 and 7 .
  • the points V1 and V2 of the radiating elements 3 and 4 are excited using a hybrid ring circulator 33 ( Figure 4-a) so as to propagate the TE10 mode in the horn vertical polarization.
  • the circulator 33 has four input / output terminals B1, B2, B3 and B4 which are respectively connected to the signal source I.F.F., at point V1, at point V2 and at a load C1.
  • an I.F.F. applied in B1 is divided into two phase signals which appear on terminals B2 and B3. This operating mode is used on transmission.
  • phase signals received in V en and V2 have their sum S V which appears at the terminal B1. This operating mode is used at reception.
  • the points H1 and H2 are respectively connected to the terminals B2 and B3 of a hybrid ring circulator 34.
  • the signal Sum S H in horizontal polarization is then obtained on terminal B1.
  • Terminal B4 is connected to the load impedance.
  • the lateral radiating elements 5, 6, 7 and 8 are used and the following connections are made which will be described in relation with the figures 5-a and 5-b.
  • the outputs V3 and V4 of the radiating elements 5 and 8 are grouped to be connected to the terminals B2 of a hybrid ring circulator 35.
  • the outputs V5 and V6 of the radiating elements 6 and 7 are grouped to be connected to the terminal B4 of circulator 35.
  • the difference signal D V is then collected in vertical polarization on terminal B1. As for the terminal B3, it is connected to a load.
  • the outputs H3 and H4 of the radiating elements 5 and 8 are grouped to be connected to the terminal B2 of a circulator in hybrid ring 36 (figure 5-b).
  • the outputs H5 and H6 of the radiating elements 6 and 7 are grouped to be connected to the terminal B4 of the circulator 36.
  • the signal Difference D H is then collected on the terminal B1.
  • the terminal B3 is connected to a load.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 show that it is possible, by implementing the invention, to produce an I.F.F. integrated into a radar antenna of the double curvature reflector type with offset primary source.
  • the radiation pattern in cross polarization is even.
  • the primary diagram which is used is that of the Difference channel in horizontal polarization.
  • the terminals H3 and H4 of the radiating elements 5 and 6 are connected to the terminal B2 of the circulator 36 while the terminals H5 and H6 of the radiating elements 6 and 7 are connected to the terminal B4 of the circulator 36.
  • the difference signal D H is obtained on terminal B1 and is applied to a phase shifter 37.
  • the phase difference difference signal D ′ H is mixed with the signal of the sum channel using a coupler 38.
  • the curve 39 represents the radiation diagram of the Somme channel.
  • the radiation diagram in cross polarization is given by the curve 40.
  • the radiation diagram in cross polarization is given by the curve 41, which represents a improvement of ten decibels.
  • FIG. 7 gives the diagram of a particular embodiment in which the terminals V3 and V4 of the radiating elements 5 and 8 are connected to the terminal B2 of the circulator 35 while the terminals V5 and V6 of the radiating elements 6 and 7 are connected at terminal B4 of circulator 35.
  • the Difference signal D V is supplied by terminal B1 and is applied to a coupler 39.
  • the terminals H1 H2 of the radiating elements are connected respectively to terminals B2 and B3 of circulator 34 and the sum signal S H is supplied by the terminal B1.
  • the signal S H is phase shifted in a phase shifter 40 to obtain a signal S ′ H which is applied to the coupler 39.
  • a phase shifter 40 By modifying the phase of the signal S H , it is possible to adjust the level of the cross polarization of the Difference channel and to obtain a significant decrease of the order of ten decibels.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
EP89402922A 1988-10-28 1989-10-24 System zur Integration von FF-Summen- und -Differenzkanälen in einer Antenne eines Überwachungsradars Expired - Lifetime EP0367656B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8814134 1988-10-28
FR8814134A FR2638531B1 (fr) 1988-10-28 1988-10-28 Systeme d'integration des voies somme et difference i.f.f. dans une antenne de surveillance radar

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0367656A1 true EP0367656A1 (de) 1990-05-09
EP0367656B1 EP0367656B1 (de) 1994-03-09

Family

ID=9371395

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89402922A Expired - Lifetime EP0367656B1 (de) 1988-10-28 1989-10-24 System zur Integration von FF-Summen- und -Differenzkanälen in einer Antenne eines Überwachungsradars

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5036336A (de)
EP (1) EP0367656B1 (de)
DE (1) DE68913656D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2638531B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2762717A1 (fr) * 1997-04-29 1998-10-30 Thomson Csf Source a deux voies pour antenne a optique focalisante

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3239435B2 (ja) * 1992-04-24 2001-12-17 ソニー株式会社 平面アンテナ
FR2697949B1 (fr) * 1992-11-06 1995-01-06 Thomson Csf Antenne pour radar notamment de désignation et de trajectographie.
US5408241A (en) * 1993-08-20 1995-04-18 Ball Corporation Apparatus and method for tuning embedded antenna
FR2725075B1 (fr) * 1994-09-23 1996-11-15 Thomson Csf Procede et dispositif d'elargissement du diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne active
CN109884633B (zh) * 2019-02-21 2021-03-05 中国科学院电子学研究所 一种时差补偿方法、装置及存储介质

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1271598A (de) * 1960-07-26 1962-01-19
US3568204A (en) * 1969-04-29 1971-03-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Multimode antenna feed system having a plurality of tracking elements mounted symmetrically about the inner walls and at the aperture end of a scalar horn
DE2139216A1 (de) * 1971-08-05 1973-02-15 Siemens Ag Richtantennenanordnung
DE2315241A1 (de) * 1973-03-27 1974-10-10 Siemens Ag Polarisations-trennanordnung fuer entgegengesetzt zirkularpolarisierte mikrowellen
US4047179A (en) * 1976-05-03 1977-09-06 Raytheon Company IFF antenna arrangement
EP0018476A1 (de) * 1979-04-27 1980-11-12 Ball Corporation Kreuzschlitz-Hohlraumresonator-Antenne
EP0025739A1 (de) * 1979-09-07 1981-03-25 Thomson-Csf Primär- und Sekundär-Radarantenne
EP0279050A1 (de) * 1987-01-15 1988-08-24 Ball Corporation Antennenelement bestehend aus drei parasitär gekoppelten Streifenleitern

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3045238A (en) * 1960-06-02 1962-07-17 Theodore C Cheston Five aperture direction finding antenna
US3482251A (en) * 1967-05-19 1969-12-02 Philco Ford Corp Transceive and tracking antenna horn array
US3495262A (en) * 1969-02-10 1970-02-10 T O Paine Horn feed having overlapping apertures
US4096482A (en) * 1977-04-21 1978-06-20 Control Data Corporation Wide band monopulse antennas with control circuitry

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1271598A (de) * 1960-07-26 1962-01-19
US3568204A (en) * 1969-04-29 1971-03-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Multimode antenna feed system having a plurality of tracking elements mounted symmetrically about the inner walls and at the aperture end of a scalar horn
DE2139216A1 (de) * 1971-08-05 1973-02-15 Siemens Ag Richtantennenanordnung
DE2315241A1 (de) * 1973-03-27 1974-10-10 Siemens Ag Polarisations-trennanordnung fuer entgegengesetzt zirkularpolarisierte mikrowellen
US4047179A (en) * 1976-05-03 1977-09-06 Raytheon Company IFF antenna arrangement
EP0018476A1 (de) * 1979-04-27 1980-11-12 Ball Corporation Kreuzschlitz-Hohlraumresonator-Antenne
EP0025739A1 (de) * 1979-09-07 1981-03-25 Thomson-Csf Primär- und Sekundär-Radarantenne
EP0279050A1 (de) * 1987-01-15 1988-08-24 Ball Corporation Antennenelement bestehend aus drei parasitär gekoppelten Streifenleitern

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2762717A1 (fr) * 1997-04-29 1998-10-30 Thomson Csf Source a deux voies pour antenne a optique focalisante
EP0881706A1 (de) * 1997-04-29 1998-12-02 Thomson-Csf Strahler mit zwei Wegen für eine Antenne mit optischer Fokussierung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2638531B1 (fr) 1992-03-20
FR2638531A1 (fr) 1990-05-04
DE68913656D1 (de) 1994-04-14
US5036336A (en) 1991-07-30
EP0367656B1 (de) 1994-03-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3315994B1 (de) Mehrstrahliger fmcw-radar, insbesondere für kraftfahrzeug
Menzel et al. Antenna concepts for millimeter-wave automotive radar sensors
EP0012055B1 (de) In Streifenleitertechnik ausgeführter Monopulsprimärstrahler und Antenne mit einem solchen Strahler
US11415450B2 (en) Radar antenna for a fill level measurement device
CN109478726A (zh) 包括极化旋转层的天线和雷达系统
US9086476B1 (en) Method and apparatus for rejecting intermodulation products
FR2498336A1 (fr) Dispositif de transmission d'ondes electromagnetiques en polarisation lineaire
EP1416586A1 (de) Antenne mit einer Filtermaterialanordnung
US20160138957A1 (en) Antenna arrangement for a fill-level measuring device
Ali et al. Millimeter-wave substrate integrated waveguide passive Van Atta reflector array
Jouade et al. A passive compressive device associated with a luneburg lens for multibeam radar at millimeter wave
EP0367656B1 (de) System zur Integration von FF-Summen- und -Differenzkanälen in einer Antenne eines Überwachungsradars
EP0018878A1 (de) IFF-Bordsystem mit Radar- und Abfrageantenne
Re et al. FMCW radar with enhanced resolution and processing time by beam switching
Subitha et al. Development of Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 Substrate‐Based MIMO Antenna Array for Automotive Radar Applications
CN109154650B (zh) 距离无关分辨率雷达
Baur et al. Angular measurements in azimuth and elevation with 77 GHz radar sensors
WO2021058674A1 (fr) Procede d'imagerie radar, et radar mettant en œuvre un tel procede
Massen et al. A 79 GHz SiGe short-range radar sensor for automotive applications
US20080284568A1 (en) Transponder
EP0072316B1 (de) Antenne mit elektronischer Schwenkung und mehreren Eingängen und Radar mit einer solchen Antenne
Feil et al. Active switched antenna array for 77 GHz digital beamforming radar
EP1677385B1 (de) Elektronisch gesteuerte breitbandige Antenne
Chan et al. A beam scanning frequency modulated continuous wave radar
Numan Retroreflector and multibeam antenna for a millimeter wave collision avoidance system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE GB IT NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19901008

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19921208

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: THOMSON-CSF

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE GB IT NL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19940309

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19940309

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19940309

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19940309

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 68913656

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940414

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
GBV Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed]

Effective date: 19940309

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed