EP0366700B1 - Fil electrique - Google Patents

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EP0366700B1
EP0366700B1 EP88905963A EP88905963A EP0366700B1 EP 0366700 B1 EP0366700 B1 EP 0366700B1 EP 88905963 A EP88905963 A EP 88905963A EP 88905963 A EP88905963 A EP 88905963A EP 0366700 B1 EP0366700 B1 EP 0366700B1
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Prior art keywords
wire
aromatic
nylon
units
radical
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0366700A1 (fr
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Stephen Day
Richard John Penneck
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Raychem Ltd
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Raychem Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
    • H01B3/427—Polyethers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/305—Polyamides or polyesteramides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
    • H01B3/421—Polyesters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/2813—Protection against damage caused by electrical, chemical or water tree deterioration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical wires and especially to wires that employ electrical insulation based on aromatic polymers.
  • aromatic polymer insulation have been used for many years in numerous applications.
  • wires that employ polyimide wraps or tapes usually bonded with fluoro-polymer adhesive layers have been used extensively as aircraft wire, for both civil and military applications.
  • Other examples of aromatic insulation that have been used for equipment wire or "hook-up" wire, air frame wire and in wire harnesses include aromatic polyether ketones, polyether ether ketones, modified polyphenylene oxide, and polyimide amides.
  • Highly aromatic polymers have been used successfully in many applications because they have a range of desirable properties especially high strength and toughness, abrasion resistance, temperature resistance, dielectric strength and are often inherently highly flame-retarded.
  • insulating material is removed by a vaporization process originated by an electrical discharge without the formation of electrically conductive deposits so that failure of the insulation will not occur until complete puncture of the insulation occurs.
  • an electrical wire which comprises an elongate electrical conductor and electrical insulation that comprises:
  • the wire according to the invention has the advantage that it can combine the beneficial properties of highly aromatic polymers, e.g. their good electrical breakdown resistance, fire retardancy, temperature stability and mechanical toughness, with good arc-tracking resistance.
  • polymers for the inner layer that are relatively inexpensive and light in weight as compared with fluorinated polymers that have been proposed, and which have greater toughness, e.g. greater resistance to cut- through and abrasion together with reduced tendency to wrinkle as compared with polyolefins.
  • the polyamide or polyester forming the inner layer has a carbonaceous char residue of not more than 10%, most preferably not more than 5%, especially not more than 2% and most especially substantially zero.
  • the char residue of the polymer components in the electrical wire according to the invention can be measured by the method known as thermogravimetric analysis, or TGA, in which a sample of the polymer is heated in nitrogen or other inert atmosphere at a defined rate to a defined temperature and the residual weight, which is composed of char, is recorded.
  • the char residue is simply the quantity of this residual char expressed as a percentage of the initial polymer after having taken into account any non polymeric volatile or non-volatile components.
  • the char residue values quoted herein are defined as having been measured at 850°C.
  • the polymer has a carbon to hydrogen ratio of not more than 1.1, more preferably not more than 1.0, especially not more than 0.75 and most especially not more than 0.65.
  • polyester or polyamide it is possible for the polyester or polyamide to include one or more aromatic moieties in addition to its aliphatic moieties, and indeed a number of preferred polymers do so. However the polymer should have sufficient aliphatic nature that the C:H ratio is not too high.
  • Preferred polyamides include the nylons, e.g. nylon 46, nylon 6, nylon 7, nylon 66, nylon 610, nylon 611, nylon 612, nylon 11, nylon 12 and nylon 1212 and aliphatic/aromatic polyamides, e.g.
  • polyamides based on the condensation of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic diamene such as polyamides based on the condensation of terephthalic acid with trimethylhexamethylene diamine (preferably containing a mixture of 2,2,4-and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diamine isomers), polyamides formed from the condensation of one or more bisaminomethylnorbornane isomers with one or more aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids e.g. terephthalic acid and optionally including one or more amino acid or lactam e.g.
  • s-caprolactam comonomers polyamides based on units derived from laurinlactam, isophthalic acid and bis-(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane, polyamides based on the condensation of 2,2-bis-(p-aminocyclohexyl) propane with adipic and azeleic acids, and polyamides based on the condensation of trans cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid with the trimethylhexamethylene diamine isomers mentioned above.
  • polyether-ester amide block copolymers include those based on polyether and polyamide blocks, especially the so called a "polyether-ester amide block copolymers" of repeating unit: wherein A represents a polyamide sequence of average molecular weight in the range of from 300 to 15,000, preferably from 800 to 5000; and B represents a linear or branched polyoxyalkylene sequence of average molecular weight in the range of from 200 to 6000, preferably from 400 to 3000.
  • the polyamide sequence is formed from alpha,omega-aminocarboxylic acids, lactams or dia- mine/dicarboxylic acid combinations that include C 4 to C 14 carbon chains
  • the polyoxyalkylene sequence is based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and/or tetramethylene glycol, and the polyoxyalkylene sequence constitutes from 5 to 85%, especially from 10 to 50% of the total block copolymer by weight.
  • the polyesters that are used in the inner layer preferably include those based on a polyalkylene diol, preferably having a least 3 carbon atoms, or cycloaliphatic diol and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
  • Preferred polyesters include polytetramethylene terephthalate, and cycloaliphatic diol terephthalic acid copolymers e.g. copolymers of terephthalate and isophthalate units with 1,4-cyclohexanedimethyloxy units.
  • the polyesters can include polyether esters, for example polyether polyester block copolymers having long chain units of the general formula: and short-chain ester units of the formula
  • G is a divalent radical remaining after the removal of terminal hydroxyl groups from a polyalkylene oxide) glycol, preferably a poly (C 2 to C 4 alkylene oxide) having a molecular weight of about 600 to 6000;
  • R is a divalent radical remaining after removal of carboxyl groups from at least one dicarboxylic acid having a molecular weight of less than about 300;
  • D is a divalent radical remaining after removal of hydroxyl groups from at least one diol having a molecular weight less than 250.
  • polyamide or polyester may be blended with one or more other polymers.
  • polyamides may be used as blends with the polyesters, polyolefins such as polyethylene, ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymers or styrene/diene block copolymers, and the polyesters may be used as blends with ionomers or the above polymers referred to in connection with polyamides.
  • Such polymers include polyketones, polyether ketones, polyether ether ketones, polyether sulphones, polyether ketone/sulphone copolymers, polyether imides and polyphenylene oxides. Blends of different polymers can be used.
  • Preferred aromatic polymers are polymers with a melting or softening point of at least 250°C, particularly at least 300°C and which may be crystalline or amorphous. Softening points of amorphous polymers may conveniently be measured by thermomechanical analysis (TMA), in which case the softening point refers to the temperature at which the probe has reached 60% penetration.
  • TMA thermomechanical analysis
  • the polymers may be wholly aromatic or they may include one or more aliphatic moieties.
  • the polymer comprises, and preferably consists essentially of, units of the formula the units being the same or different, wherein Ar represents an unsubstituted or substituted divalent aromatic radical and Q represents -O-, -S-, - S0 2 -, -CO-, -NH-CO- or -COO-, or Ar represents a trivalent radical and Q represents each bond of the Q radical preferably being bonded directly to an aromatic carbon atom.
  • One preferred class of polymer comprises the polyphenylene oxides of the repeating unit in which the groups R 1' which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a hydrocarbon atom having no tertiary alpha carbon atom.
  • the aromatic polymer is a crystalline polyarylene ether comprising recurring units of the formula where E is the residue of a dihydric phenol and E' is the residue of an aromatic compound having an electron withdrawing group in at least one of the positions ortho and para to the valence bonds, the E and E' radicals being linked to the -O- radicals through aromatic carbon atoms.
  • E is a radical of the formula wherein R 2 is a divalent radical; x is 0 or 1; Y is a radical selected from halogen atoms, alkyl radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; y is 0, 1, 2, 3 or4; Y' is a radical selected from halogen atoms, alkyl radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; z is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and E' is a radical of the formula wherein R 3 is a sulphone, carbonyl, vinyl, sulphoxide, azo, saturated fluorocarbon, organic phosphine oxide or ethylidene radical.
  • poly-sulphones are those in which y and z are 0, x is 1, R 3 is a sulphone radical and R 2 is a radical of the formula wherein each of R 4 is independently selected from hydrogen atoms; alkyl radicals containing 1 to 4,carbon atoms which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms; aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl radicals containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms.
  • the polymer is a polyether imide or polysulphone imide which comprises recurring units of the formula where Q is -O- or -SO 2 -, Z is a trivalent aromatic radical, R 5 is a divalent aromatic radical and R 6 is a divalent organic radical.
  • the aromatic polymer has the general repeat unit:
  • polyetherketones that have repeating groups comprising aromatic ether and aromatic ketone groups together with an imide, amide, ester, benzoxazole or benzothiazole group.
  • examples of such polymers are those having repeating units of the formula: where R 7 represents an imide, amide or ester group.
  • polyarylates that may be used include those that are derived from dihydric phenols and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
  • examples of such polymers include those derived from a dihydric phenol of the general formula in which the groups Y, which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a C 1 to C 4 alkyl group, or a chlorine or bromine atom; b is 0 or an integer from 1 to 4;
  • R 8 represents a divalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, e.g. an alkylene, alkylidine, cycloalkylene or cycloalkylidine group, an oxygen or sulphur atom or a carbonyl or sulphonyl group; and c is 0 or 1.
  • Preferred aromatic polymers consist essentially of repeating units having one of the following formulae wherein each of x, m and n is 0 or 1, with n being 0 when x is 1, p is an integer from 1 to 4, with m being 1 and x being 0 when p is greater than 1, e.g., or or in which units derived wholly from isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid or a mixture of both are present.
  • polymers containing aromatic moieties e.g. poly 1,12-dodecamethylene pyromellitimide or 1,13-tri- decamethylene pyromellitimide, as described in U.S. patent No. 3,551,200, may be used.
  • Blends of any two or more of the above polymers may be employed as may copolymers based on any two or more of these polymers.
  • blends of any of these aromatic polymers with aliphatic polymers e.g. the aliphatic polymers referred to herein may be used.
  • aromatic polymers that are used in the wire insulation will have a char residue of at least 30%, some polymers having a char residue of at least 40% and even at least 50%. This does not mean to say that a high char value is desired for its own sake, but simply that good mechanical and physical properties of these aromatic polymers including temperature stability and fire retardancy, are usually associated with high char residues.
  • the preferred aromatic polymers will usually have a molar C:H ratio of at least 1.0, preferably at least 1.2, more preferably at least 1.3 and especially at least 1.4.
  • the toughest polymers such as the polyaryl ether ketones, which are associated with high char residues, will have C:H ratios greater than 1.5.
  • the outer layer will usually consist solely of the aromatic polymer as the polymeric component.
  • the wire insulation is substantially free of halogens, since the presence of significant quantities of halogens can cause corrosive and toxic gases to be emitted when the wire is subjected to a fire.
  • the wire insulation contains not more than 10% by weight halogens, more preferably not more than 5% by weight halogens and especially substantially no halogens.
  • the wire insulation, or at least the inner layer may be cross-linked, for example, by exposure to high energy radiation.
  • Radiation cross-linking may be effected by exposure to high energy irradiation such as an electron beam or gamma-rays. Radiation dosages in the range 20 to 800 kGy, preferably 20 to 500 kGy, e.g. 20 to 200 kGy and particularly 40 to 120 kGy are in general appropriate depending on the characteristics of the polymer in question.
  • a prorad such as a poly-functional vinyl or allyl compound
  • a prorad such as a poly-functional vinyl or allyl compound
  • TAIC triallyl isocyanurate
  • methylene bis acrylamide, metaphenylene diamine bis maleimide or other crosslinking agents for example as described in U.S. patents Nos. 4,121,001 and 4,176,027, are incorporated into the composition prior to irradiation.
  • the insulation may include additional additives, for example reinforcing or non-reinforcing fillers, stabilisers such as ultra-violet stabilisers, antioxidants, acid acceptors and anti-hydrolysis stabilisers, pigments, processing aids such as plasticizers, halogenated or non-halogenated flame retardants e.g. hydrated metal oxides such as alumina trihydrate or magnesium hydroxide, or decabromodiphenyl ether, fungicides and the like.
  • stabilisers such as ultra-violet stabilisers, antioxidants, acid acceptors and anti-hydrolysis stabilisers
  • pigments processing aids such as plasticizers
  • halogenated or non-halogenated flame retardants e.g. hydrated metal oxides such as alumina trihydrate or magnesium hydroxide, or decabromodiphenyl ether, fungicides and the like.
  • the wire insulation will consist solely of the polyamide/polyester inner layer and the aromatic outer layer.
  • one or more other layers may be present.
  • an additional inorganic arc-control layer may be provided directly on the conductor, formed for example by deposition of an inorganic material on the conductor. Such a layer would enable the thickness of the inner insulating layer to be reduced.
  • a wet-tracking control layer which will normally have a low carbonaceous char residue e.g.
  • the wires and cables according to the invention may be formed by conventional techniques.
  • the polymers may be blended with any additional components, in a mixer, pelletised, and then extruded onto a wire conductor.
  • the wires may be used individually as equipment or "hook-up" wires, or airframe wires, or in bundles and harnesses, both jacketted and unjacketted, and may be used in multiconductor cables.
  • the wires, harnesses or cables may be unscreened or they may be provided with a screen to protect them from electromagnetic interference, as well known in the art.
  • flat cables may be formed using the insulation materials according to the invention, either employing flat conductors or round conductors.
  • an electrical wire comprises a conductor 11 which may be solid or stranded as shown and is optionally tinned.
  • a 100 micrometre thick inner layer 12 (primary insulation) formed from polybutylene terephthalate or a butylene oxide-butylene terephthalate block copolymer is extruded onto the conductors followed by a 100 micrometre thick layer 13 of polyetherketone, polyether ether ketone or a polyaryletherimide.
  • layer 12 may be crosslinked by irradiating the wire with high energy electrons to a dose of about 120 kGy.
  • This test is designed to simulate what happens when a fault in a wire bundle causes arcing under dry conditions.
  • Agraphite rod is used to initiate the arc which causes thermal degradation of the insulation. Continuation of the fault current can only occur through the wire bundle under test due to shorting across adjacent phases through a conductive char, or direct conductor-conductor contact such as might occur if the insulation is totally removed by the duration of the arc.
  • FIG. 1 shows the sample set-up.
  • a wire bundle 21 is prepared from seven 10cm lengths 22 of 22AWG tinned-copper or nickel-plated copper conductor coated with a layer of the wire insulation under test.
  • the bundle 22 is arranged with six wires around one central wire and held together with tie wraps spaced about 5cm apart.
  • One of the outer wires is notched circumferentially between the tie wraps to expose 0.5mm bare conductor and one end of each wire is stripped to enable connections to be made via insulating crocodile clips.
  • a rod 23 is provided which is made of a spectrographically pure graphite, diameter 4.6mm, with an impurity level not more than 20ppm. It is prepared before each test by sharpening one end using a conventional pencil sharpener of European design to give an angle of 10 degrees off vertical with a tip diameter of 0.4 ⁇ 0.1 mm.
  • a 100g weight 24 is clamped onto the top of the rod 23 to maintain contact during the arc initiation and also acts as a device to limit the depth of penetration of the rod by restricting its downward travel.
  • the rod passes through a PTFE bush which allows it to slide freely up and down.
  • levers enables precise positioning of the rod 23 on the wire bundle 21 which is held securely in place by means of a simple clamp 25 made of an electrically insulating resin and mounted on a block 26 made of the same material.
  • the power source can be either:
  • the fault current is detected by means of current clamps surrounding the connecting leads and the voltage at failure is measured using a 10:1 voltage probe.
  • the transducer signals are fed into a multi-channel digital storage oscilloscope where they can be displayed and manipulated to obtain power curves (voltage x current) and energy (integration of power curve).
  • the wire bundle 21 is positioned in the clamp 25 so that the notched wire is uppermost. Adjacent wires of the bundle are connected to different phases of the supply through 7.5A aircraft type circuit breakers, and the central wire is connected directly to neutral. In the case of single phase or d.c. supplies, alternate wires are connected to neutral or the negative terminal, with the remaining wires, including the central wire, connected through circuit breakers to live or the postive terminal.
  • the carbon rod is also connected to neutral or the negative terminal and positioned so that the point is in contact with the exposed conductor.
  • the gap between the 100g weight and the PTFE bush is adjusted to the diameter of the insulated wire under test using a suitable spacer to limit the penetration of the rod into the sample.
  • a voltage probe is connected across the damaged wire and the rod, and current clamps positioned on each of the three phases, or on the wires connected to the live side of the supply.
  • a protective screen is placed in front of the test set-up and the power switched on. A material is deemed to pass this test if:
  • non-tracking materials will have relatively few spikes in the current trace with a correspondingly low total energy consumed.
  • Tracking materials show many spikes usually on all three phases, which are accompanied by violent crepitation and large energy consumption.
  • the following wire constructions were prepared by extruding onto 22 AWG nickel plated copper wire unless otherwise stated using a 20mm Baughan extruder. In the cases where a blend has been used, it has been prepared using a Baker Perkins twin-screw extruder, and in all cases the inner layer contained 5% TAIC and was crosslinked by high energy electron irradiation to a dose of 120 kGy. Examples 1 to 5 were tested for dry tracking with a 115 V 50 Hz, single phase power source, and the results are given in Table I. Examples 6 to 12 were tested using 115 V, 400 Hz three phase supply, and the results are given in Table II.
  • Polyaryletheretherketone A polymer having the repeat unit of the formula:
  • Polyetherimide A polymer having a repeat unit of formula:
  • a blend of polytetramethylene terephthalate and a poly(ether-ester) block copolymer comprising approximately 57% by weight polybutylene terephthalate hard blocks and approximately 43% by weight poly(butylene glycol polyether terephthalate) soft blocks in the ratio of 70:30 as the inner insulating layer with 125 ⁇ m of polyaryletheretherketone as the other insulating layer.
  • Example 3 As Example 3 with the exception that the inner insulating layer also contains 20% by weight hydrated zinc borate.
  • Example 2 100 ⁇ m of the same polyamide as in Example 1 for the inner layer, and 100 ⁇ m of polyaryletheretherketone as the outer layer.

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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Claims (12)

1. Fil électrique qui comprend un conducteur électrique allongé et une isolation électrique qui comprend :
(a) une couche isolante intérieure extrudée à l'état fondu, qui comprend un polyamide ou un polyester ayant des groupements aliphatiques et ayant une quantité de résidu charbonneux non supérieure à 15 % en poids ; et
(b) une couche isolante extérieure extrudée à l'état fondu, qui comprend un polymère aromatique.
2. Fil suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel le polyamide ou polyester possède un rapport molaire du carbone à l'hydrogène non supérieur à 1,1.
3. Fil suivant la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel la couche intérieure comprend un nylon ou un polyamide à base d'un acide dicarboxylique aromatique et d'une diamine aliphatique ou cycloaliphatique.
4. Fil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la couche intérieure comprend du Nylon 46, du Nylon 6, du Nylon 7, du Nylon 66, du Nylon 610, du Nylon 611, du Nylon 612, du Nylon 11, du Nylon 12, un polyamide à base d'acide téréphtalique et de triméthylhexaméthylène-diamine ou de bis-amino- méthylnorbornane, un polyamide à base de laurine-lactame, d'acide isophtalique et de bis-(4-amino-3-méthylcyclohexyl)-méthane, un polyamide à base de 2,2-bis-(p-aminocyclohexyl)-propane, d'acide adipique et d'acide azélaïque, ou un polyamide à base d'acide transcyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylique et de triméthylhexaméthylènediamine.
5. Fil suivant la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel la couche intérieure comprend un polyester à base d'un polyalkylènediol ou d'un diol cycloaliphatique et d'un acide dicarboxylique aromatique.
6. Fil suivant la revendication 5, dans lequel la couche intérieure comprend un polymère de téréphtalate de tétramèthylène, un polyester à base d'un copolymère de motifs acide téréphtalique et acide isophtalique avec des motifs 1,4-cyclohexanediméthyloxy, ou bien d'un copolymère séquencé segmenté polyéther-polyester ayant des motifs ester à chaîne longue de formule générale :
Figure imgb0061
et des motifs ester à chaîne courte de formule
Figure imgb0062
formules dans lesquelles G représente un radical divalent restant après élimination des groupes hydroxyle terminaux d'un poly(oxyde d'alkylène)-glycol, de préférence un poly(oxyde d'alkylène en C2 à C4) ayant un poids moléculaire d'environ 600 à 6000; R représente un radical divalent restant après élimination des groupes carboxyle d'au moins un acide dicarboxylique ayant un poids moléculaire inférieur à environ 300 ; et D représente un radical divalent restant après élimination des groupes hydroxyle d'au moins un diol ayant un poids moléculaire inférieur à 250.
7. Fil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le polymère aromatique possède une quantité de résidu charbonneux d'au moins 25 % en poids.
8. Fil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel le polymère aromatique possède un rapport molaire du carbone à l'hydrogène au moins égal à 1,0.
9. Fil suivant la revendication 8, dans lequel le polymère aromatique possède un rapport molaire du carbone à l'hydrogène au moins égal à 1,3.
10. Fil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel le polymère aromatique consiste en une polyaryléthercétone, une polyaryléthersulfone, un polyaryléther, un polyarylate et/ou un polyétherimide.
11. Fil suivant la revendication 10, dans lequel le polymère aromatique comprend :
i) des motifs de formule Qénérale :
Figure imgb0063
les motifs étant identiques ou différents,
formule dans laquelle Ar représente un radical aromatique divalent non substitué ou substitué et Q représente un groupe -O-, -S-, -S02-, -CO-, -NH-CO- ou -COO-, ou bien Ar représente un radical trivalent et Q représente un radical
Figure imgb0064
le radical Q étant de préférence lié directement à des atomes de carbone aromatiques ;
ii) un poly(éther d'arylène) cristallin comprenant des motifs récurrents de formule : -O-E-O-E'- dans laquelle E représente le résidu d'un phénol dihydroxylique et E' représente le résidu d'un composé aromatique ayant un groupe électrophile dans au moins l'une des positions ortho et para par rapport aux liaisons de valence, les radicaux E et E' étant liés aux radicaux -O- par des atomes de carbone aromatiques ou
iii) un polyétherimide ou un polysulfone-imide qui comprend des motifs récurrents de formule
Figure imgb0065
dans laquelle Q représente un groupe -O- ou -S02-, Z représente un radical aromatique trivalent, R représente un radical aromatique divalent et R' représente un radical organique divalent.
12. Fil suivant la revendication 11, dans lequel le polymère aromatique comprend un polymère ayant un motif répété répondant à l'une des formules suivantes :
Figure imgb0066
Figure imgb0067
Figure imgb0068
Figure imgb0069
Figure imgb0070
dans laquelle chacun des indices x, m et n est égal à 0 ou 1, n étant égal à 0 lorsque x est égal à 1, p représente un nombre entier de 1 à 4, m étant égal à 1 et x étant égal à 0 lorsque p est supérieur à 1,
Figure imgb0071
Figure imgb0072
Figure imgb0073
dans laquelle les motifs peuvent être dérivés totalement de l'acide téréphtalique ou de l'acide isophtalique ou bien de ces deux acides ;
Figure imgb0074
EP88905963A 1987-07-10 1988-07-08 Fil electrique Expired - Lifetime EP0366700B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88905963T ATE85146T1 (de) 1987-07-10 1988-07-08 Elektrischer draht.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB878716306A GB8716306D0 (en) 1987-07-10 1987-07-10 Electrical wire
GB8716306 1987-07-10

Publications (2)

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EP0366700A1 EP0366700A1 (fr) 1990-05-09
EP0366700B1 true EP0366700B1 (fr) 1993-01-27

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EP88905963A Expired - Lifetime EP0366700B1 (fr) 1987-07-10 1988-07-08 Fil electrique

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EP (1) EP0366700B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3036753B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE85146T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1319738C (fr)
DE (1) DE3877963T2 (fr)
GB (1) GB8716306D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989000761A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3089170A4 (fr) * 2013-12-26 2017-08-16 Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Fil isolé multicouche, bobine et dispositif électrique/électronique

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1271797B (it) * 1994-12-23 1997-06-09 Pirelli Cavi Spa Cavo autoestinguente ed a bassa emissione di fumi e gas e tossici e corrosivi e procedimento per la sua produzione
WO1993018526A1 (fr) * 1992-03-06 1993-09-16 Raychem Corporation Isolation et blindage a double paroi
JPH11176244A (ja) * 1997-10-06 1999-07-02 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The 多層絶縁電線及びそれを用いた変圧器
WO1999030330A1 (fr) * 1997-12-08 1999-06-17 Acome Societe Cooperative De Travailleurs Fil electrique ayant un isolant mince a base de polybutyleneterephtalate
JP2009126986A (ja) * 2007-11-27 2009-06-11 Totoku Electric Co Ltd 高耐熱性自己融着塗料および高耐熱性自己融着絶縁電線
US8980053B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2015-03-17 Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. Transformer paper and other non-conductive transformer components

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3567307D1 (en) * 1984-09-18 1989-02-09 Nkf Kabel Bv Signal transmission cable

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3089170A4 (fr) * 2013-12-26 2017-08-16 Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Fil isolé multicouche, bobine et dispositif électrique/électronique
US10032540B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2018-07-24 Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Multilayer insulated wire, coil, and electrical/electronic equipment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3877963D1 (de) 1993-03-11
JP3036753B2 (ja) 2000-04-24
ATE85146T1 (de) 1993-02-15
JPH02504201A (ja) 1990-11-29
GB8716306D0 (en) 1987-08-19
CA1319738C (fr) 1993-06-29
DE3877963T2 (de) 1993-05-13
EP0366700A1 (fr) 1990-05-09
WO1989000761A1 (fr) 1989-01-26

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