EP0365258A1 - Bougie à incandescence - Google Patents

Bougie à incandescence Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0365258A1
EP0365258A1 EP89310607A EP89310607A EP0365258A1 EP 0365258 A1 EP0365258 A1 EP 0365258A1 EP 89310607 A EP89310607 A EP 89310607A EP 89310607 A EP89310607 A EP 89310607A EP 0365258 A1 EP0365258 A1 EP 0365258A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow plug
constituting
wire
resistance
length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89310607A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joseph Alan Brown
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WELLMAN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS Ltd
Original Assignee
WELLMAN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WELLMAN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS Ltd filed Critical WELLMAN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS Ltd
Publication of EP0365258A1 publication Critical patent/EP0365258A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrically operated glow plugs as used in vehicle diesel and other compression ignition engines to facilitate speedy engine start-up.
  • the invention relates to glow plugs of the kind including a housing adapted to mount the plug in the wall of a cylinder or other combustion chamber of the engine in use, a tubular sheath carried by the housing to project into the combustion chamber in use, the distal extremity or tip of the sheath containing a totally enclosed heating element whereby the tip of the sheath speedily attains a high temperature when electric current is applied thereto by way of an electrode carried in the housing, and a resistance element also totally enclosed in the sheath electrically interconnecting the heating element with the electrode and formed of a material having a high positive temperature coefficient of resistance.
  • This kind of glow plug is hereinafter referred to as "a sheathed element self-limiting glow plug”.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a glow plug of said kind which is durable and reliable in use, which gives a quick response without risk of damage due to overheating, and which is economical to manufacture and efficient and cost-effective in use.
  • a sheathed element self-­limiting glow plug is characterised in that the heating and resistance elements are constituted by respective distal and proximal portions of filament means, said means being formed from coiled wire which is graduated in cross-sectional area along its length, said area at the effective proximal end of the filament means being substantially greater than said area at the effective distal end of said means i.e at the extremity of the sheath tip.
  • said area at said proximal end is at least 15% greater than said area at said distal end.
  • the filament means may comprise interconnected wire coil heating and resistance sections formed of dissimilar materials, e.g. wire having different coefficients of resistance, as by providing two wire coils joined end to end but it is preferred that a single length of wire of uniform composition is used to form a unitary filament means i.e. the heating and resistance elements are parts of a single wire.
  • the single wire or other filament means is uniformly tapered along its length between the effective proximal and distal ends but it is also contemplated that the filament means may be non-uniformly tapered and/or otherwise uniformly or non-uniformly graduated in cross-sectional area between said ends including, possibly, some increase in cross-sectional area in one or more intermediate regions as well as reduction thereof along it length in the direction of the effective distal end.
  • the difference in cross-sectional area of said ends may be substantially greater than 15%, for example a difference of some 37% may be employed though this figure is not to be taken as implying any upper limit.
  • coils of the filament means are non-uniform along its length, for example those coils constituting or forming part of the heating element may have a substantially closer pitch than those constituting or forming part of the resistance element and/or may differ in diameter therefrom e.g. be of somewhat greater diameter than said coils of the resistance element.
  • the sheath contains a magnesium oxide filler powder having a high coefficient of thermal conductivity.
  • the invention further resides in a sheathed element self-limiting glow plug characterised in that its heating and resistance elements are parts of a single common length of wire of uniform composition having positive coefficient of electrical resistivity related to temperature wherein the cross-sectional area of the wire in the part constituting the heating element is substantially less than the cross-sectional area in the part constituting the resistance element.
  • a plug as defined in the last preceding paragraph is further characterised in that the heating and resistance elements are coiled portions of said wire, the coils constituting the resistance element differing from those constituting the heating element e.g. being more widely pitched and/or of lesser diameter than the coils of lesser cross-sectional area wire constituting the heating element.
  • the body and sheath of the plug are of generally conventional construction comprising a housing 10 threaded at 12 for mounting in the engine and having a hexagon head 14 at its outer end.
  • An insulated electrode 16 provided with a connecting terminal 18 at its outer end is sealed into and extends through housing 10 in known manner.
  • a hollow cylindrical metal sheath 20 projects from the inner end of housing 10. It has a closed distal tip 22 and its proximal end part 24 is sealed within a bore of the inner end of housing 10 in known manner. Sheath 20 is conveniently formed from the metal alloy known by the Trade Mark or trade name "Inconel” e.g. "Inconel 601".
  • Filament means in this example a single unitary coiled wire 26 is connected within sheath 20 between the inner end of electrode 16 and the interior of sheath 20 at the extremity of the tip 22 e.g. by welding.
  • the wire 26 is of uniform composition throughout its length, being formed of a material having a positive coefficient of electrical resistivity related to temperature.
  • Various metals or metal alloys could be used; nickel or an nickel alloy is preferred e.g. an alloy of nickel and chromium and/or aluminium and/or iron.
  • Several commercially available resistance wires of such composition could be employed, another possibility is an iron and cobalt alloy.
  • Wire 26 is, in this example, uniformly tapered along its length so that its cross-sectional area reduces at a constant rate from its effective proximal end P where it connects to electrode 16 to its effective distal end D where it is welded to the sheath tip.
  • cross-sectional area at P is some 37% greater than that at D but the said difference in cross-sectional area may be lesser or greater for some applications down to at least 15% depending on the desired physical dimension of the glow plug and its required performance.
  • the wire 26 is formed and operates to provide a resistance element or portion 28 which occupies an intermediate zone of sheath 20 between electrode 16 (end P) and a distal or tip zone of the sheath; and a heater element or portion 30 in the latter zone and extending to the connection with the sheath tip at D.
  • portions 28 and 30 of the filament means between said sheath zones is not necessarily clearly defined and that the function and operation of said portions may merge into each other over a bridging region at an intermediate position along the filament means particularly, as in the present case, where said filament means is of unitary single wire construction.
  • the wire 26 is, in this example, coiled non-uniformly in forming the resistance and heating portions 28, 30.
  • the coiled formation is best seen in Figure 2 which gives the dimensioning etc. of this particular example at one stage of its formation.
  • the coils constituting the heating portion 30 are closely pitched so that they are adjacent to each other while the coils constituting the resistance portion 28 are at wider pitching so that they are spaced apart.
  • Portion 30 comprises some 10 turns of wire while the effective length of portion 28 comprises some 14 turns and, due to the pitching, is about double the axial length of portion 30.
  • the coils constituting the major lengths of portions 28 and 30 are of uniform diameter.
  • the extreme end coils taper in diameter to the effective ends D and P of the wire so that they are accommodated respectively in the domed tip end of sheath 20 and are compatible with the diameter of the electrode 16 at the proximal end P.
  • An extra length of wire beyond end P is formed into a few close pitched reduced diameter coils 32 which are engaged around in the inner end of electrode 16 and welded thereto to form a secure connection.
  • the coiled wire 26 is subjected to a further forming process so that, when finally positioned within sheath 20 (Figure 1) the coils constituting the resistance portion 28 are somewhat reduced in diameter with respect to the coils constituting the major part of the heating portion 30.
  • a silicon sealing element 34 is positioned at the proximal end of sheath 20 within housing 10 in surrounding relationship to electrode 16 and the sheath is packed with magnesium oxide filler 36, this filler material having a high coefficient of thermal conductivity.
  • housing 10 The outer end of housing 10 is closed by an insulated bush 38 which locates the outer end of the electrode 16.
  • the example of the filament means illustrated in Figure 2 is formed from a 380mm length of wire the effective length P-D being some 345mm and the uniform taper over that length being from 0.4445mm diameter at P to 0.3429mm diameter at D. Other particulars of the dimensioning and properties of this example are indicated on Figure 2.
  • Trials of the invention indicate that the performance is equal to if not better than known glow plugs of this kind particularly with regard to speed of response for fast engine starting, and the efficiency may be much greater, possibly as much as 30% less current consumption than know plugs for the same level of performance or output.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP89310607A 1988-10-19 1989-10-16 Bougie à incandescence Withdrawn EP0365258A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8824533A GB2224074B (en) 1988-10-19 1988-10-19 Glow plug
GB8824533 1988-10-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0365258A1 true EP0365258A1 (fr) 1990-04-25

Family

ID=10645482

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89310607A Withdrawn EP0365258A1 (fr) 1988-10-19 1989-10-16 Bougie à incandescence

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0365258A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2224074B (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0602745A1 (fr) * 1992-12-18 1994-06-22 B 80 S.r.l. Bougie à incandescence à deux enroulements de commande pour des moteurs Diesel
EP0745808A1 (fr) * 1995-05-31 1996-12-04 Cooper Industries Italia S.p.A. Dispositif pour rendre étanche et pour nettoyage automatique d'une bougie-crayon à incandescence
WO2010048372A3 (fr) * 2008-10-23 2010-07-22 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Bougie de préchauffage à joint étanche amélioré, ensemble sonde de chauffage pour celle-ci et son procédé de construction
JP2013170774A (ja) * 2012-02-22 2013-09-02 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd グロープラグ
JP2015064196A (ja) * 2013-09-25 2015-04-09 ローベルト ボッシュ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 内燃機関用のシース形グロープラグ
JP2020118384A (ja) * 2019-01-25 2020-08-06 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10477622B2 (en) * 2012-05-25 2019-11-12 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Variable pitch resistance coil heater
US9113501B2 (en) * 2012-05-25 2015-08-18 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Variable pitch resistance coil heater
JP6356981B2 (ja) * 2014-03-05 2018-07-11 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ及び内燃機関

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1292098A (fr) * 1961-06-13 1962-04-27 Magneti Marelli Spa Bougie à incandescence munie d'une résistance cuirassée
FR2105879A5 (fr) * 1970-09-18 1972-04-28 Bosch
FR2131437A5 (fr) * 1971-03-31 1972-11-10 Bosch
GB2155543A (en) * 1984-03-09 1985-09-25 Marelli Spa Fabbrica Italiana A glow plug for diesel engines
EP0229677A2 (fr) * 1983-04-08 1987-07-22 Wellman Thermal Systems Corporation Bougie à incandescence

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57182026A (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-09 Jidosha Kiki Co Ltd Glow plug for diesel engine
US4549071A (en) * 1981-04-30 1985-10-22 Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd. Glow plug for use in diesel engine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1292098A (fr) * 1961-06-13 1962-04-27 Magneti Marelli Spa Bougie à incandescence munie d'une résistance cuirassée
FR2105879A5 (fr) * 1970-09-18 1972-04-28 Bosch
FR2131437A5 (fr) * 1971-03-31 1972-11-10 Bosch
EP0229677A2 (fr) * 1983-04-08 1987-07-22 Wellman Thermal Systems Corporation Bougie à incandescence
GB2155543A (en) * 1984-03-09 1985-09-25 Marelli Spa Fabbrica Italiana A glow plug for diesel engines

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0602745A1 (fr) * 1992-12-18 1994-06-22 B 80 S.r.l. Bougie à incandescence à deux enroulements de commande pour des moteurs Diesel
EP0745808A1 (fr) * 1995-05-31 1996-12-04 Cooper Industries Italia S.p.A. Dispositif pour rendre étanche et pour nettoyage automatique d'une bougie-crayon à incandescence
US5783801A (en) * 1995-05-31 1998-07-21 Cooper Industries, Inc. Seal for sealing and automatically cleaning a sheathed element of a heater plug for diesel engines
WO2010048372A3 (fr) * 2008-10-23 2010-07-22 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Bougie de préchauffage à joint étanche amélioré, ensemble sonde de chauffage pour celle-ci et son procédé de construction
EP2338001A2 (fr) * 2008-10-23 2011-06-29 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Bougie de préchauffage à joint étanche amélioré, ensemble sonde de chauffage pour celle-ci et son procédé de construction
EP2338001A4 (fr) * 2008-10-23 2012-07-18 Federal Mogul Ignition Co Bougie de préchauffage à joint étanche amélioré, ensemble sonde de chauffage pour celle-ci et son procédé de construction
US8410403B2 (en) 2008-10-23 2013-04-02 Federal Mogul Ignition Company Glow plug with improved seal, heater probe assembly therefor and method of construction thereof
JP2013170774A (ja) * 2012-02-22 2013-09-02 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd グロープラグ
JP2015064196A (ja) * 2013-09-25 2015-04-09 ローベルト ボッシュ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 内燃機関用のシース形グロープラグ
JP2020118384A (ja) * 2019-01-25 2020-08-06 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
JP6997731B2 (ja) 2019-01-25 2022-01-18 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2224074B (en) 1992-12-09
GB8824533D0 (en) 1988-11-23
GB2224074A (en) 1990-04-25

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