EP0364370A1 - Impermeable fire-proofed textile composite and cloth and seat comprising such a textile - Google Patents

Impermeable fire-proofed textile composite and cloth and seat comprising such a textile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0364370A1
EP0364370A1 EP89402853A EP89402853A EP0364370A1 EP 0364370 A1 EP0364370 A1 EP 0364370A1 EP 89402853 A EP89402853 A EP 89402853A EP 89402853 A EP89402853 A EP 89402853A EP 0364370 A1 EP0364370 A1 EP 0364370A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
textile
adhesive
composite
insert
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89402853A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0364370B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Paire
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PROLINE TEXTILE
Original Assignee
Lainiere de Picardie SA
Lainiere de Picardie BC SAS
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Application filed by Lainiere de Picardie SA, Lainiere de Picardie BC SAS filed Critical Lainiere de Picardie SA
Priority to AT89402853T priority Critical patent/ATE99008T1/en
Publication of EP0364370A1 publication Critical patent/EP0364370A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
    • A41D31/085—Heat resistant; Fire retardant using layered materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
    • D06M17/04—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics by applying synthetic resins as adhesives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0092—Non-continuous polymer coating on the fibrous substrate, e.g. plastic dots on fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • D06N2201/0263—Polyamide fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
    • D06N2203/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N2203/068—Polyurethanes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
    • D06N2205/04—Foam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/06—Properties of the materials having thermal properties
    • D06N2209/067—Flame resistant, fire resistant
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/12—Permeability or impermeability properties
    • D06N2209/121—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • D06N2209/123—Breathable
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/12—Permeability or impermeability properties
    • D06N2209/126—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • D06N2209/128—Non-permeable
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
    • D06N2211/10—Clothing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S297/00—Chairs and seats
    • Y10S297/05—Fireproof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24826—Spot bonds connect components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/647—Including a foamed layer or component
    • Y10T442/651—Plural fabric layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/647—Including a foamed layer or component
    • Y10T442/652—Nonwoven fabric is coated, impregnated, or autogenously bonded

Definitions

  • thermostable fibers The development of new thermostable fibers has enabled rapid development of fire-resistant textiles.
  • This treatment has a certain number of drawbacks, it is likely to reduce the fire resistance capacity of the textile and moreover it generally withstands maintenance well.
  • the waterproofing of the fabric obtained is not stable and decreases during washing or dry cleaning. It is difficult to obtain a resistance to a water column greater than 300mm in this way.
  • Document FR-A 2 283 201 proposes for this purpose to cover the foam with a glass fiber fabric.
  • Document DE-A 3,519,963 proposes the use of an external polyacrylate envelope.
  • films which are impermeable and permeable to water vapor and carbon dioxide, often called breathable (cf. DE-U 8 703 947, GB-A 2 143 151, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 102, no. 6, February 1985, page 70, summary no.47208p).
  • Document EP 0 037 744 proposes the use of a particular continuous non-porous breathable film in the production of protective clothing. This film can enter into the composition of a composite structure comprising a textile layer.
  • the problem underlying the invention is the production of a waterproof fireproof composite textile having good performance and being stable over time. It must have good fire resistance, good impermeability and good mechanical resistance.
  • the invention also relates to the production of a garment or seat incorporating the textile of the invention so as to make the best use of its properties.
  • the clothing and seat thus produced must be comfortable.
  • thermostable fibers which comprises a second layer constituted by a microporous film, impermeable and permeable to water vapor, non-flammable and a layer d discontinuous adhesive, placed between the first textile layer and the second layer ensuring the fixing of the second layer on the first textile layer.
  • a protective garment comprising an external textile assembly constituting its external surface and a lining constituting its internal surface, characterized in that it comprises an insert mounted flywheel between the external textile and the lining, said insert being a composite textile waterproof fireproof, comprising a first non-woven, needle-punched textile layer based on thermostable fibers, a second layer constituted by a microporous film, waterproof, permeable to water vapor, non-flammable and a discontinuous adhesive layer, placed between the first textile layer and the second layer ensuring the fixing of the second layer on the first textile layer, the first layer of the composite textile being placed towards the lining.
  • a seat comprising a textile covering and foam elements, which comprises an insert mounted flywheel between the external textile and the foam elements, said insert being a waterproof fireproof composite textile, comprising a first nonwoven textile layer. , needled on the basis of thermostable fibers, a second layer consisting of a microporous film, impermeable, permeable to water vapor and carbon dioxide, and a discontinuous layer of adhesive, placed between the first textile layer and the second layer ensuring the fixing of the second layer on the first textile layer, the first layer of the composite textile being placed towards the textile coating.
  • the textile of the invention comprises a first needled nonwoven textile layer 1 based on thermostable fibers.
  • a needled nonwoven containing a large volume of air makes it possible to obtain excellent fire resistance for a relatively low weight.
  • a weight of 100 to 150g per m2 makes it possible to obtain a textile having very good properties.
  • the use of a needle punch also makes it possible to avoid a chemical bond of the fibers which can reduce the qualities of fire resistance.
  • the fibers used can be either thermostable by nature or flame retarded after their manufacture.
  • the fibers are for example meta or para aramid, polyamide-imide, polyacrylate, polybenzimidazole, aromatic copolyimide, polyacrylonitryl oxide, polyacrylate, phenylene polysulfide, polyester ether ketone, FR viscose, cotton, Zirpo or a phenolic compound, or even fluorocarbon , or modacrylic.
  • a mixture of these thermostable fibers is also usable.
  • These fibers can also be chlorofibers, viscoses, polyesters or wool. They must then have been subjected to flame retardant treatment.
  • the first layer 1 can be a needled nonwoven layer based on thermostable polyamide imide fibers. These fibers with a cutting length of 40 to 60mm for a denier of 2.2 to 3 decitex.
  • this felt contains 40 to 50% of air volume trapped between the fibers, thus offering excellent thermal insulation in cold or fire.
  • the second layer 2 consists of a film connected to the first by a discontinuous adhesive layer 3.
  • This layer is impermeable and permeable to water vapor.
  • This type of layer is often called “breathable”. It is a layer impermeable to liquid but allowing free circulation of water vapor and carbon dioxide.
  • this layer while playing a role of barrier to the liquid makes it possible to avoid the condensation of perspiration and ensures a great comfort for the user.
  • It consists of an impermeable waterproof film, for example of polyurethane or polyamino acid, having micro-perforations or pores with a diameter of 0.2 microns which allow the circulation of the water and gas molecule carbon dioxide but not liquid water.
  • this breathable film is based on flame-retardant polyurethane, for example by adding a nitrogen and phosphorus additive.
  • This film produced by a coagulation method has a microporous structure with pores of about 0.2 microns and has a thickness of 25 to 50 microns depending on the final requirements of the composite textile.
  • the first textile layer 1 and the second layer 2 of the composite textile of the invention constituted by a film are bonded together using a layer of adhesive 3.
  • the adhesive layer can be discontinuous, for example consisting of adhesion points so as to ensure the circulation of water vapor through the bonding means and therefore through the whole of the textile. composite.
  • Bonding may be carried out by points comprising thermoplastic polymers, of the polyamide, polyester, polyurethane type, polymers which can be crosslinked by themselves such as two-component polyurethanes, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, terpolymers ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride ..., or by the action of crosslinking agents incorporated into the adhesive such as a melamine formaldehyde resin, a urea formaldehyde resin, a phenol formaldehyde resin, an alkali metal hydroxide, a zinc or zirconium complex, polyamines, epoxies, polyfunctional aziridines ....
  • thermoadhesive polymer used will itself be non-flammable.
  • chlorinated antimony trioxide gives it this quality. This arrangement which improves the quality of the composite textile is not always necessary.
  • the points are deposited in the form of a paste or powder or else sprinkled on one of the two layers 1, 2 and the association of the two layers 1, 2 is carried out in a conventional manner on a press.
  • a formulation based on crosslinkable polymer is deposited on one of the substrates, and preferably on the needled nonwoven.
  • the composite textile exhibits, after 24 hours of rest, the qualities required to ensure perfect protection in fire-fighting clothing.
  • Bonding can also be obtained by using "foaming", that is to say by inserting an adhesive foam between the two layers 1, 2 by flaming on the two faces to be bonded.
  • the adhesive layer 3 can also be produced by spraying a liquid adhesive such as polyurethane, possibly capable of crosslinking. The spraying is then advantageously carried out on one of the supports, the second being applied to the first by calendering.
  • a liquid adhesive such as polyurethane
  • Adhesive layer 3 can also be produced by spraying with moisture-crosslinkable "Hot Melt” having an application temperature of 80 to 110 ° C., it is sprayed onto the nonwoven needled or film using a battery of traditional pistols. Then, the second substrate is applied by cold calendering. The operation can be repeated a second time if one wishes to apply a jersey of thermostable fibers with a grammage of between 50 and 130 g / m2 on the face of the film and / or on the face of the needled nonwoven which is still free.
  • Hot Melt moisture-crosslinkable
  • the adhesive thus partially applied according to a grammage of 6 to 10 g / m2 cross-links in 24 hours with humidity and makes it possible to obtain an adhesion resistant to the various cleaning interviews, an important flexibility of the complex by the punctual bonding, and thus allows by the assembly of the film and a light woven or knitted fabric made of heat-resistant or flame-retardant fibers improves the tear resistance of the needle-punched nonwoven and the abrasion resistance of the film during maintenance and wearing.
  • a composite textile according to the invention is a good hrydrofuge, a suitable choice of the second layer allows it to withstand without difficulty a column of water of about 7000mm.
  • the main tests are there to verify the good breathability of the complex and its impermeability vis-à-vis water and hrydrocarbons.
  • the water inlet pressure (hrydrostatic resistance) is measured according to Federal Standard 191, method 5 512 (MULLEN test) without external fabric or lining, and we obtain a value of 500kPa, when we consider the value of 310 kPa as sufficient to ensure complete waterproofing under all weather conditions.
  • the breathability of an impermeable and breathable complex is determined by measuring the resistance to wet vapor transmission according to DIN 54 101 part 1 and which gives a resistance to the passage of water vapor (HET) of 0.155m2. mbar / w. According to the same standard, a value less than 0.200 is necessary to ensure good breathability of the complex.
  • the chemical resistance is measured according to standard NFS 74 302 and the impermeability to acids, bases and hydrocarbons is greater than 90%.
  • the convective protection index at a flame of 1050 ° C according to ISO DP 9 151 gives a protection index of 25 seconds while a leather jacket traditionally used by firefighters offers an index of 12 seconds, and that 'It is 2 to 4 times heavier than a jacket made with the composite textile of the invention.
  • the waterproof fireproof composite textile comprises a third textile layer 7, placed on the side opposite to the first textile layer relative to the second, a second discontinuous layer of adhesive 8, placed between the third textile layer and the second layer ensuring the fixing of the third textile layer on the second layer.
  • the adhesive layer 8 ensuring the fixing of the third textile layer on the breathable film 2 is of the same nature as the adhesive layer 3 described above. It can have any of the compositions described above with regard to the adhesive layer 3. The application of the adhesive layer 8 can also be carried out in a similar manner to that of the layer 3.
  • a particularly effective and light safety and / or fire-fighting garment can be produced with the composite textile of the invention.
  • Such protective clothing shown in Figures 2 to 4 comprises an outer textile assembly 4 constituting its outer surface and a lining 5 constituting its inner surface. It comprises an insert 6 mounted flywheel between the external textile 4 and the lining 5, said insert being a waterproof fireproof composite textile, comprising a first non-woven textile layer 1, needled based on thermostable fibers, a second layer consisting of a microporous film 2, impermeable, permeable to water vapor, non-flammable and a discontinuous layer of adhesive 3, placed between the first textile layer 1 and the second layer 2 ensuring the fixing of the second layer 2 on the first textile layer 1, the first composite textile layer 1 being placed towards the lining.
  • a waterproof fireproof composite textile comprising a first non-woven textile layer 1, needled based on thermostable fibers, a second layer consisting of a microporous film 2, impermeable, permeable to water vapor, non-flammable and a discontinuous layer of adhesive 3, placed between the first textile layer 1 and the second layer 2 ensuring the fixing of
  • the second waterproof layer 2 is placed towards the outside of the garment. This arrangement allows the protection of layer 1 of thermostable fibers from water or any other liquid (hydrocarbon, etc.) when the garment is sprayed.
  • the garment since the garment is subjected to significant watering due to atmospheric conditions or to the technique of protecting firefighters during their fight against fire, the garment remains relatively light and does not hinder the movements of the wearer.
  • the insert 6 is mounted flywheel between the external textile 4 and the lining 5 which means that it is fixed simultaneously to the external textile 4 and to the lining by its periphery 9 during manufacture, for example by sewing along the lines of usual stitching of the lining 5 to the external textile 4. Outside these lines the insert 6 is free, between the external textile 4 and the lining 5 and without any other attachment to these elements.
  • the insert 6 and the lining 5 constitute an assembly 11 that can be separated from the exterior assembly 4. It can for example be connected to the exterior assembly by a zipper 12.
  • the insert 6 and the lining 5 can be separated from the external textile 4. It is thus possible to subject these two elements to different cleaning modes.
  • the external textile which is, by its position, more exposed to dirt is more energetically and more often cleaned than the insert and the lining which are fragile.
  • the tightness of the garment is improved by the addition of waterproof strips on all its seams.
  • the garment When the garment is subjected to excessive conditions causing deterioration of the impermeable layer 2, the user remains protected by the layer 1 based on thermostable fibers.
  • the invention also relates to a seat comprising a textile covering and foam elements. It comprises an insert mounted flywheel between the external textile and the foam elements, said insert being a waterproof fireproof composite textile, comprising a first non-woven textile layer, needled based on thermostable fibers, a second layer consisting of a film microporous, waterproof, permeable to water vapor and carbon dioxide, and a discontinuous layer of adhesive, placed between the first textile layer 1 and the second layer 2 ensuring the fixing of the second layer 2 on the first textile layer 1, the first layer 1 of the composite textile being placed towards the textile covering.
  • a waterproof fireproof composite textile comprising a first non-woven textile layer, needled based on thermostable fibers, a second layer consisting of a film microporous, waterproof, permeable to water vapor and carbon dioxide, and a discontinuous layer of adhesive, placed between the first textile layer 1 and the second layer 2 ensuring the fixing of the second layer 2 on the first textile layer 1, the first layer 1 of the composite textile being placed towards the
  • this seat comprises elements consisting of foam injected in situ covered at least partially by the composite textile.
  • the production of elements composed of foam injected in situ results in the emission of gas and in particular carbon dioxide.
  • the composite textile of the invention constitutes a barrier confining the foam in the space reserved for it and allows the carbon dioxide to be evacuated without difficulty. Indeed, the dimension of the carbon dioxide molecule is of the same order of magnitude as that of the water molecule and therefore the composite textiles permeable to water vapor are generally so with carbon dioxide.
  • the tightness of the seat will be improved by sticking waterproof strips on all its seams.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Gloves (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

L' invention concerne un textile composite anti-feu imperméable comportant une première couche textile (1) non tissé aiguilleté ou polymérisé à base de fibres thermostables et une deuxième couche imperméable (2). Dans le vêtement réalisé avec ce textile la deuxième couche (2) est placée vers l'extérieur du vêtement, la première couche (1) étant alors placée vers l'intérieur du vêtement. Dans le siège réalisé avec ce textile composite la première couche (1) est placée vers l'extérieur du siège, la deuxième couche (2) étant alors placée vers l'intérieur du siège.The invention relates to a waterproof fireproof composite textile comprising a first needled or polymerized nonwoven textile layer (1) based on thermostable fibers and a second waterproof layer (2). In the garment produced with this textile, the second layer (2) is placed towards the outside of the garment, the first layer (1) then being placed towards the inside of the garment. In the seat produced with this composite textile, the first layer (1) is placed towards the outside of the seat, the second layer (2) then being placed towards the inside of the seat.

Description

La mise au point de nouvelles fibres thermostables a permis un développement rapide des textiles anti-feu.The development of new thermostable fibers has enabled rapid development of fire-resistant textiles.

Ces textiles, tissés, tricotés, ou non tissés, présentent généralement une bonne résistance au feu, mais il est souvent nécessaire de les rendre imperméables.These textiles, woven, knitted or nonwoven, generally have good fire resistance, but it is often necessary to make them waterproof.

Cette nécessité a de nombreuses origines. Lorsque ces textiles le anti-feu sont utilisés pour la confection de vêtements de protection, par exemple destinés aux personnes menant la lutte contre le feu, ceux-ci doivent pouvoir être arrosés en permanence par de l'eau et poursuivre leurs activités avec le maximum d'aisance. Le brevet FR-A 2 439 593 par exemple décrit une veste de protection. Dans d'autres circonstances, le même vêtement doit assurer une protection contre les huiles ou les hydrocarbures. Par ailleurs, comme cela sera développé plus loin, lors de la fabrication de sièges il peut être souhaitable d'assurer une étanchéité entre l'intérieur du siège et une couche textile anti-feu.This necessity has many origins. When these fire-resistant textiles are used to make protective clothing, for example intended for people fighting fire, these must be able to be permanently sprinkled with water and continue their activities with the maximum of ease. Patent FR-A 2,439,593, for example, describes a protective jacket. In other circumstances, the same garment must provide protection against oils or hydrocarbons. Furthermore, as will be developed later, during the manufacture of seats it may be desirable to provide a seal between the interior of the seat and a fire-resistant textile layer.

Afin de résoudre ce problème, différentes tentatives ont été faites dans lesquelles un textile ignifuge subit un traitement postérieur à sa fabrication, d'hydro et d'oléofugation afin d'éviter la pénétration et le mouillage possible du support textile par l'eau ou l'huile.In order to solve this problem, various attempts have been made in which a flame-retardant textile undergoes a treatment after its manufacture, of hydro and oil repellency in order to avoid the penetration and possible wetting of the textile support by water or l 'oil.

Ce traitement présente un certain nombre d'inconvénients, il est susceptible de diminuer la capacité de résistance au feu du textile et par ailleurs il résiste généralement mal a l'entretien. En particulier, l'imperméabilité du tissu obtenu n'est pas stable et diminue lors des lavages ou nettoyages à sec. Il est difficile d'obtenir ainsi une résistance à une colonne d'eau supérieure à 300mm.This treatment has a certain number of drawbacks, it is likely to reduce the fire resistance capacity of the textile and moreover it generally withstands maintenance well. In particular, the waterproofing of the fabric obtained is not stable and decreases during washing or dry cleaning. It is difficult to obtain a resistance to a water column greater than 300mm in this way.

Dans la fabrication des sièges, on a cherché a ignifuger la mousse utilisée. Le document FR-A 2 283 201 propose à cet effet de revêtir la mousse d'un tissu de fibres de verre. Le document DE-A 3 519 963 propose l'utilisation d'une enveloppe externe de polyacrylate.In the manufacture of seats, attempts have been made to flame retardant the foam used. Document FR-A 2 283 201 proposes for this purpose to cover the foam with a glass fiber fabric. Document DE-A 3,519,963 proposes the use of an external polyacrylate envelope.

Par ailleurs, on connaît des films imperméables et perméables à la vapeur d'eau et au gaz carbonique souvent appelés respirables (cf DE-U 8 703 947, GB-A 2 143 151, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 102, n° 6, février 1985, page 70, résumé n° 47208p).Furthermore, films are known which are impermeable and permeable to water vapor and carbon dioxide, often called breathable (cf. DE-U 8 703 947, GB-A 2 143 151, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 102, no. 6, February 1985, page 70, summary no.47208p).

Le document EP 0 037 744 propose l'utilisation d'un film respirable continue particulier, non poreux, dans la réalisation d'un vêtement de protection. Ce film peut entrer dans la composition d'une structure composite comportant une couche textile.Document EP 0 037 744 proposes the use of a particular continuous non-porous breathable film in the production of protective clothing. This film can enter into the composition of a composite structure comprising a textile layer.

Le problème à la base de l'invention est la réalisation d'un textile composite anti-feu imperméable ayant de bonnes performances et étant stable dans le temps. Il doit présenter une bonne résistance au feu, une bonne imperméabilité et une bonne résistance mécanique.The problem underlying the invention is the production of a waterproof fireproof composite textile having good performance and being stable over time. It must have good fire resistance, good impermeability and good mechanical resistance.

Par ailleurs, l'invention concerne également la réalisation de vêtement ou de siège incorporant le textile de l'invention de manière à en exploiter au mieux les propriétés. Le vêtement et le siège ainsi réalisés doivent être confortables.Furthermore, the invention also relates to the production of a garment or seat incorporating the textile of the invention so as to make the best use of its properties. The clothing and seat thus produced must be comfortable.

A cet effet, il est proposé un textile composite comportant une première couche textile non tissée aiguilletée à base de fibres thermostables qui comporte une deuxième couche constituée d'un film microporeux, imperméable et perméable à la vapeur d'eau, ininflammable et une couche d'adhésif discontinue, placée entre la première couche textile et la deuxième couche assurant la fixation de la deuxième couche sur la première couche textile.To this end, a composite textile is proposed comprising a first needled nonwoven textile layer based on thermostable fibers which comprises a second layer constituted by a microporous film, impermeable and permeable to water vapor, non-flammable and a layer d discontinuous adhesive, placed between the first textile layer and the second layer ensuring the fixing of the second layer on the first textile layer.

Il est également proposé un vêtement de protection comportant un ensemble textile externe constituant sa surface extérieure et une doublure constituant sa surface intérieure, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un insert monté volant entre le textile externe et la doublure, ledit insert étant un textile composite anti-feu imperméable, comportant une première couche textile non tissée, aiguilletée à base de fibres thermostables, une deuxième couche constituée d'un film microporeux, imperméable, perméable à la vapeur d'eau, ininflammable et une couche d'adhésif discontinue, placée entre la première couche textile et la deuxième couche assurant la fixation de la deuxième couche sur la première couche textile, la première couche du textile composite étant placée vers la doublure.It is also proposed a protective garment comprising an external textile assembly constituting its external surface and a lining constituting its internal surface, characterized in that it comprises an insert mounted flywheel between the external textile and the lining, said insert being a composite textile waterproof fireproof, comprising a first non-woven, needle-punched textile layer based on thermostable fibers, a second layer constituted by a microporous film, waterproof, permeable to water vapor, non-flammable and a discontinuous adhesive layer, placed between the first textile layer and the second layer ensuring the fixing of the second layer on the first textile layer, the first layer of the composite textile being placed towards the lining.

Il est encore proposé un siège comportant un revêtement textile et des éléments de mousse, qui comporte un insert monté volant entre le textile externe et les éléments de mousse, ledit insert étant un textile composite anti-feu imperméable, comportant une première couche textile non tissée, aiguilletée à base de fibres thermostables, une deuxième couche constituée d'un film microporeux, imperméable, perméable à la vapeur d'eau et au gaz carbonique, et une couche d'adhésif discontinue, placée entre la première couche textile et la deuxième couche assurant la fixation de la deuxième couche sur la première couche textile, la première couche du textile composite étant placée vers le revêtement textile.There is also proposed a seat comprising a textile covering and foam elements, which comprises an insert mounted flywheel between the external textile and the foam elements, said insert being a waterproof fireproof composite textile, comprising a first nonwoven textile layer. , needled on the basis of thermostable fibers, a second layer consisting of a microporous film, impermeable, permeable to water vapor and carbon dioxide, and a discontinuous layer of adhesive, placed between the first textile layer and the second layer ensuring the fixing of the second layer on the first textile layer, the first layer of the composite textile being placed towards the textile coating.

L'invention sera décrite ci-après plus en détail en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • - La figure 1 est une représentation en coupe d'un textile composite selon l'invention.
  • - La figure 2 est une représentation en coupe partielle d'un vêtement selon l'invention dans un premier mode de réalisation.
  • - La figure 3 est une représentation en coupe partielle d'un vêtement selon l'invention dans un deuxième mode de réalisation.
  • - La figure 4 est une représentation en coupe partielle d'un vêtement selon l'invention dans un troisième mode de réalisation.
The invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a sectional representation of a composite textile according to the invention.
  • - Figure 2 is a partial sectional representation of a garment according to the invention in a first embodiment.
  • - Figure 3 is a partial sectional representation of a garment according to the invention in a second embodiment.
  • - Figure 4 is a partial sectional representation of a garment according to the invention in a third embodiment.

Le textile de l'invention comporte une première couche textile 1 non tissée aiguilletée à base de fibres thermostables.The textile of the invention comprises a first needled nonwoven textile layer 1 based on thermostable fibers.

L'utilisation d'un non tissé aiguilleté contenant un volume d'air important permet d'obtenir une excellente résistance au feu pour un poids relativement faible. A titre d'exemple, un poids de 100 à 150g par m² permet d'obtenir un textile ayant de très bonnes propriétés.The use of a needled nonwoven containing a large volume of air makes it possible to obtain excellent fire resistance for a relatively low weight. For example, a weight of 100 to 150g per m² makes it possible to obtain a textile having very good properties.

L'utilisation d'un aiguilleté permet également d'éviter une liaison chimique des fibres qui peut diminuer les qualités de résistance au feu. Les fibres utilisées peuvent être soit thermostables par nature soit ignifugées postérieurement à leur fabrication.The use of a needle punch also makes it possible to avoid a chemical bond of the fibers which can reduce the qualities of fire resistance. The fibers used can be either thermostable by nature or flame retarded after their manufacture.

Les fibres sont par exemple en méta ou para aramide, polyamide-­imide, polyacrylate, polybenzimidazole, copolyimide aromatique, polyacrylonitryle oxyde, polyacrylate, polysulfure de phénylène, polyester éther cétone, FR viscose, coton, Zirpo ou en un composé phénolique, ou encore fluorocarbonnées, ou modacryliques. Un mélange de ces fibres thermostables est également utilisable.The fibers are for example meta or para aramid, polyamide-imide, polyacrylate, polybenzimidazole, aromatic copolyimide, polyacrylonitryl oxide, polyacrylate, phenylene polysulfide, polyester ether ketone, FR viscose, cotton, Zirpo or a phenolic compound, or even fluorocarbon , or modacrylic. A mixture of these thermostable fibers is also usable.

Ces fibres peuvent également être des chlorofibres, des viscoses,des polyesters ou de la laine. Elles doivent alors avoir été sousmises à un traitement ignifugeant.These fibers can also be chlorofibers, viscoses, polyesters or wool. They must then have been subjected to flame retardant treatment.

A titre d'exemple la première couche 1 peut être une couche non tissée aiguilletée à base de fibres thermostables de polyamide imide. Ces fibres présentant une longueur de coupe de 40 à 60mm pour un denier de 2,2 à 3 décitex.By way of example, the first layer 1 can be a needled nonwoven layer based on thermostable polyamide imide fibers. These fibers with a cutting length of 40 to 60mm for a denier of 2.2 to 3 decitex.

Ainsi pour un grammage de 200g/m² et une épaisseur de 4mm, ce feutre contient de 40 à 50% de volume d'air emprisonné entre les fibres, offrant ainsi une excellente isolation thermique au froid ou au feu.Thus for a grammage of 200g / m² and a thickness of 4mm, this felt contains 40 to 50% of air volume trapped between the fibers, thus offering excellent thermal insulation in cold or fire.

La deuxième couche 2 est constituée d'un film relié à la première par une couche d'adhésif discontinue 3. Cette couche est imperméable et perméable à la vapeur d'eau. Ce type de couche est souvent appelé "respirable". Il s'agit d'une couche imperméable au liquide mais laissant librement circuler la vapeur d'eau et le gaz carbonique.The second layer 2 consists of a film connected to the first by a discontinuous adhesive layer 3. This layer is impermeable and permeable to water vapor. This type of layer is often called "breathable". It is a layer impermeable to liquid but allowing free circulation of water vapor and carbon dioxide.

Ainsi cette couche tout en jouant un rôle de barrière au liquide permet d'éviter la condensation de la transpiration et assure un grand confort à l'utilisateur. Elle est constituée d'un film étanche imperméable, par exemple de polyuréthane ou de polyamino-acide, présentant des micro-perforations ou des pores d'un diamètre de 0,2 microns qui permettent la circulation de la molécule d'eau et de gaz carbonique mais pas de l'eau liquide.Thus this layer while playing a role of barrier to the liquid makes it possible to avoid the condensation of perspiration and ensures a great comfort for the user. It consists of an impermeable waterproof film, for example of polyurethane or polyamino acid, having micro-perforations or pores with a diameter of 0.2 microns which allow the circulation of the water and gas molecule carbon dioxide but not liquid water.

De préférence, ce film respirable est à base de polyuréthane ignifugé par exemple par addition d'un additif azoté et phosphoré. Ce film réalisé par une méthode de coagulation présente une structure microporeuse avec des pores d'environ 0,2 microns et possède une épaisseur de 25 à 50 microns selon les exigences finales du textile composite.Preferably, this breathable film is based on flame-retardant polyurethane, for example by adding a nitrogen and phosphorus additive. This film produced by a coagulation method has a microporous structure with pores of about 0.2 microns and has a thickness of 25 to 50 microns depending on the final requirements of the composite textile.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, la première couche textile 1 et la deuxième couche 2 du textile composite de l'invention constituée par un film sont reliées par collage à l'aide d'une couche d'adhésif 3.According to a preferred embodiment, the first textile layer 1 and the second layer 2 of the composite textile of the invention constituted by a film are bonded together using a layer of adhesive 3.

De nombreuses méthodes de collage peuvent être mises en oeuvre. Toutefois, il est nécessaire que la couche d'adhésif soit discontinue, par exemple constituée de points d'adhésion de manière à assurer la circulation de la vapeur d'eau au travers des moyens de collage et donc au travers de l'ensemble du textile composite.Many bonding methods can be used. However, it is necessary for the adhesive layer to be discontinuous, for example consisting of adhesion points so as to ensure the circulation of water vapor through the bonding means and therefore through the whole of the textile. composite.

Par la mise en oeuvre de moyens connus, on peut obtenir un collage ayant une grande résistance au nettoyage et au lavage.By using known means, a bonding can be obtained which has a high resistance to cleaning and washing.

Le collage pourra être réalisé par points comportant des polymères thermoplastiques, de type polyamides, polyesther, polyuréthane ..., des polymères réticulables par eux-mêmes tels que des polyuréthanes bicomposants, des copolymères éthylène-acide acrylique, des terpolymères éthylène-ester acrylique-anhydryde maléique..., ou par l'action d'agents de réticulation incorporés à l'adhésif tels que une résine mélamine formaldéhyde, une résine urée formaldéhyde, une résine phénol formaldéhyde, un hydroxyde de métal alcalin, un complexe de zinc ou de zirconium, des polyamines, époxies, des aziridines polyfonctionnelles....Bonding may be carried out by points comprising thermoplastic polymers, of the polyamide, polyester, polyurethane type, polymers which can be crosslinked by themselves such as two-component polyurethanes, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, terpolymers ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride ..., or by the action of crosslinking agents incorporated into the adhesive such as a melamine formaldehyde resin, a urea formaldehyde resin, a phenol formaldehyde resin, an alkali metal hydroxide, a zinc or zirconium complex, polyamines, epoxies, polyfunctional aziridines ....

De manière préférentielle, le polymère thermoadhésif utilisé sera lui-même ininflammable. L'adjonction de trioxyde d'antimoine chloré permet de lui conférer cette qualité. Cette disposition qui permet d'améliorer la qualité du textile composite n'est pas toujours nécessaire.Preferably, the thermoadhesive polymer used will itself be non-flammable. The addition of chlorinated antimony trioxide gives it this quality. This arrangement which improves the quality of the composite textile is not always necessary.

Les points sont déposés sous forme de pâte ou de poudre ou encore saupoudrés sur l'une des deux couches 1, 2 et l'association des deux couches 1, 2 est réalisée de manière conventionnelle sur une presse.The points are deposited in the form of a paste or powder or else sprinkled on one of the two layers 1, 2 and the association of the two layers 1, 2 is carried out in a conventional manner on a press.

On peut ainsi employer une ligne d'enduction de sérigraphie point pâte en phase aqueuse suivie d'une ligne de calandrage.It is thus possible to use a screen printing line for paste point in the aqueous phase followed by a calendering line.

Ainsi, à l'aide d'un cylindre perforé à 11 Mesh soit 23 trous/cm², on dépose une formulation à base de polymère réticulable sur l'un des substrats, et préférentiellement sur le non tissé aiguilleté.Thus, using a perforated cylinder at 11 mesh or 23 holes / cm², a formulation based on crosslinkable polymer is deposited on one of the substrates, and preferably on the needled nonwoven.

On dépose à une vitesse de 15-20m/mn environ 30g/m² humide sur le substrat, on obtient en sortie du four réglé à 130°C un poids sec de 10-l2g/m² sur lequel on applique immédiatement à la sortie du four le film microporeux à l'aide d'une calandre refroidie. Par un traitement thermique, ultérieur, à 150°C pendant une minute, on obtient la réticulation définitive du collage.Deposited at a speed of 15-20m / min about 30g / m² wet on the substrate, we obtain at the outlet of the oven set at 130 ° C a dry weight of 10 -12g / m² on which we apply immediately at the outlet of the oven the microporous film using a cooled calender. By a subsequent heat treatment at 150 ° C for one minute, the definitive crosslinking of the bonding is obtained.

Le textile composite présente après 24h de repos les qualités requises pour assurer une parfaite protection dans les vêtements de lutte contre le feu.The composite textile exhibits, after 24 hours of rest, the qualities required to ensure perfect protection in fire-fighting clothing.

Le collage pourra également être obtenu en faisant appel au "foamage" c'est-à-dire en intercalant une mousse adhésive entre les deux couches 1, 2 par flammage sur les deux faces devant être collées.Bonding can also be obtained by using "foaming", that is to say by inserting an adhesive foam between the two layers 1, 2 by flaming on the two faces to be bonded.

La couche adhésive 3 peut encore être réalisée en pulvérisant un adhésif liquide tel que du polyuréthane, éventuellement susceptible de réticuler. La pulvérisation est alors avantageusement faite sur l'un des supports, le second étant appliqué sur le premier par calandrage.The adhesive layer 3 can also be produced by spraying a liquid adhesive such as polyurethane, possibly capable of crosslinking. The spraying is then advantageously carried out on one of the supports, the second being applied to the first by calendering.

On peut également réaliser la couche adhésive 3 par pulvérisation de "Hot Melt" réticulable à l'humidité possédant une température d'application de 80 à 110°C, on le pulvérise sur le non tissé aiguilleté ou le film à l'aide d'une batterie de pistolets traditionnels. Puis, on applique le second substrat par un calandrage à froid. On peut recommencer l'opération une seconde fois si l'on désire appliquer un jersey en fibres thermostables à un grammage compris entre 50 et 130g/m² sur la face du film et/ou sur la face du non tissé aiguilleté encore libres.Adhesive layer 3 can also be produced by spraying with moisture-crosslinkable "Hot Melt" having an application temperature of 80 to 110 ° C., it is sprayed onto the nonwoven needled or film using a battery of traditional pistols. Then, the second substrate is applied by cold calendering. The operation can be repeated a second time if one wishes to apply a jersey of thermostable fibers with a grammage of between 50 and 130 g / m² on the face of the film and / or on the face of the needled nonwoven which is still free.

L'adhésif ainsi appliqué partiellement selon un grammage de 6 à 10g/m² réticule en 24h à l'humidité et permet d'obtenir une adhésion résistant aux différents entretiens de nettoyage, une souplesse importante du complexe par le collage ponctuel, et permet ainsi par l'assemblage du film et d'un tissé ou tricot léger en fibres thermostables ou ignifugés d'améliorer la résistance à la déchirure du non tissé aiguillété et la résistance à l'abrasion du film lors de l'entretien et au porter.The adhesive thus partially applied according to a grammage of 6 to 10 g / m² cross-links in 24 hours with humidity and makes it possible to obtain an adhesion resistant to the various cleaning interviews, an important flexibility of the complex by the punctual bonding, and thus allows by the assembly of the film and a light woven or knitted fabric made of heat-resistant or flame-retardant fibers improves the tear resistance of the needle-punched nonwoven and the abrasion resistance of the film during maintenance and wearing.

Il est également possible de faire appel pour la réalisation de la couche adhésive 3 à des voiles, films ou grilles thermocollants sur lesquels sont appliquées chacune des couches 1, 2 du textile composite sous une presse ou même par simple calandrage.It is also possible to use, for the production of the adhesive layer 3, webs, films or iron-on grids to which each of the layers 1, 2 of the composite textile is applied under a press or even by simple calendering.

Ainsi, un textile composite selon l'invention est un bon hrydrofuge, un choix convenable de la deuxième couche lui permet de résister sans difficulté à une colonne d'eau d'environ 7 000mm.Thus, a composite textile according to the invention is a good hrydrofuge, a suitable choice of the second layer allows it to withstand without difficulty a column of water of about 7000mm.

Les principaux tests sont là pour véifier la bonne respirabilité du complexe et son imperméabilité vis-à-vis de l'eau et des hrydrocarbures.The main tests are there to verify the good breathability of the complex and its impermeability vis-à-vis water and hrydrocarbons.

La pression d'entrée d'eau (résistance hrydrostatique) est mesurée selon le Standard Fédéral 191, méthode 5 512 (MULLEN test) sans tissu extérieur ou doublure, et nous obtenons une valeur de 500kPa, alors qu'on considère la valeur de 310 kPa comme suffiante pour assurer une imperméabilité complète sous des conditions tous temps.The water inlet pressure (hrydrostatic resistance) is measured according to Federal Standard 191, method 5 512 (MULLEN test) without external fabric or lining, and we obtain a value of 500kPa, when we consider the value of 310 kPa as sufficient to ensure complete waterproofing under all weather conditions.

La respirabilité d'un complexe imperméable et qui respire est déterminée en mesurant la résistance à la transmission de vapeur humide selon la norme DIN 54 101 partie 1 et qui donne une résistance au passage de la vapeur d'eau (HET) de 0,155m².mbar/w. Selon la même norme une valeur inférieure à 0,200 est nécessaire pour assurer une bonne respirabilité du complexe.The breathability of an impermeable and breathable complex is determined by measuring the resistance to wet vapor transmission according to DIN 54 101 part 1 and which gives a resistance to the passage of water vapor (HET) of 0.155m². mbar / w. According to the same standard, a value less than 0.200 is necessary to ensure good breathability of the complex.

La résistance chimique est mesurée selon la norme NFS 74 302 et l'imperméabilité aux acides, bases et hydrocarbures est supérieure à 90%.The chemical resistance is measured according to standard NFS 74 302 and the impermeability to acids, bases and hydrocarbons is greater than 90%.

L' indice de protection convective à une flamme de 1 050°C selon la norme ISO DP 9 151 donne un indice de protection de 25 secondes alors q'une veste de cuir traditionnelement employée par les pompiers offre un indice de 12 secondes, et qu'elle est 2 à 4 fois plus lourde qu'une veste réalisée avec le textile composite de l'invention.The convective protection index at a flame of 1050 ° C according to ISO DP 9 151 gives a protection index of 25 seconds while a leather jacket traditionally used by firefighters offers an index of 12 seconds, and that 'It is 2 to 4 times heavier than a jacket made with the composite textile of the invention.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, le textile composite anti-­feu imperméable comporte une troisième couche textile 7, placée du côté opposé à la première couche textile par rapport à la deuxième, une deuxième couche d'adhésif 8, discontinue, placée entre la troisième couche textile et la deuxième couche assurant la fixation de la troisième couche textile sur la deuxième couche.In a preferred embodiment, the waterproof fireproof composite textile comprises a third textile layer 7, placed on the side opposite to the first textile layer relative to the second, a second discontinuous layer of adhesive 8, placed between the third textile layer and the second layer ensuring the fixing of the third textile layer on the second layer.

La couche d'adhésif 8 assurant la fixation de la troisième couche textile sur le film respirable 2 est de même nature que la couche d'adhésif 3 décrite plus haut. Elle peut avoir l'une quelconque des compositions décrites plus haut au sujet de la couche d'adhésif 3. L'application de la couche d'adhésif 8 peut également être réalisée de manière analogue à celle de la couche 3.The adhesive layer 8 ensuring the fixing of the third textile layer on the breathable film 2 is of the same nature as the adhesive layer 3 described above. It can have any of the compositions described above with regard to the adhesive layer 3. The application of the adhesive layer 8 can also be carried out in a similar manner to that of the layer 3.

Un vêtement de sécurité et/ou de lutte contre le feu particulièrement efficace et léger peut être réalisé avec le textile composite de l'invention.A particularly effective and light safety and / or fire-fighting garment can be produced with the composite textile of the invention.

Un tel vêtement de protection représenté sur les figures 2 à 4 comporte un ensemble textile externe 4 constituant sa surface extérieure et une doublure 5 constituant sa surface intérieure. Il comporte un insert 6 monté volant entre le textile externe 4 et la doublure 5, ledit insert étant un textile composite anti-feu imperméable, comportant une première couche textile non tissée 1, aiguilletée à base de fibres thermostables, une deuxième couche constituée d'un film microporeux 2, imperméable, perméable à la vapeur d'eau, ininflammable et une couche d'adhésif discontinue 3, placée entre la première couche textile 1 et la deuxième couche 2 assurant la fixation de la deuxième couche 2 sur la première couche textile 1, la première couche 1 textile composite étant placée vers la doublure.Such protective clothing shown in Figures 2 to 4 comprises an outer textile assembly 4 constituting its outer surface and a lining 5 constituting its inner surface. It comprises an insert 6 mounted flywheel between the external textile 4 and the lining 5, said insert being a waterproof fireproof composite textile, comprising a first non-woven textile layer 1, needled based on thermostable fibers, a second layer consisting of a microporous film 2, impermeable, permeable to water vapor, non-flammable and a discontinuous layer of adhesive 3, placed between the first textile layer 1 and the second layer 2 ensuring the fixing of the second layer 2 on the first textile layer 1, the first composite textile layer 1 being placed towards the lining.

Dans ce cas, la deuxième couche 2, imperméable est placée vers l'extérieur du vêtement. Cette disposition permet la protection de la couche 1 de fibres thermostables de l'eau ou de tout autre liquide (hydrocarbure,...) lorsque le vêtement est arrosé.In this case, the second waterproof layer 2 is placed towards the outside of the garment. This arrangement allows the protection of layer 1 of thermostable fibers from water or any other liquid (hydrocarbon, etc.) when the garment is sprayed.

Ainsi, même lorsque le vêtement est soumis à un arrosage important dû aux conditions atmosphériques ou à la technique de protection des pompiers lors de leur lutte contre le feu, le vêtement reste relativement léger et ne gêne pas les mouvements de celui qui le porte.Thus, even when the garment is subjected to significant watering due to atmospheric conditions or to the technique of protecting firefighters during their fight against fire, the garment remains relatively light and does not hinder the movements of the wearer.

L'insert 6 est monté volant entre le textile externe 4 et la doublure 5 ce qui signifie qu'il est fixé simultanément au textile externe 4 et à la doublure par sa périphérie 9 lors de la confection, par exemple par couture selon les lignes de couture habituelles de la doublure 5 au textile externe 4. En dehors de ces lignes l'insert 6 est libre, entre le textile externe 4 et la doublure 5 et sans autre fixation à ces éléments.The insert 6 is mounted flywheel between the external textile 4 and the lining 5 which means that it is fixed simultaneously to the external textile 4 and to the lining by its periphery 9 during manufacture, for example by sewing along the lines of usual stitching of the lining 5 to the external textile 4. Outside these lines the insert 6 is free, between the external textile 4 and the lining 5 and without any other attachment to these elements.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, l'insert 6 et la doublure 5 constituent un ensemble 11 dissociable de l'ensemble extérieur 4. Il peut par exemple être relié à l'ensemble extérieur par une fermeture à glissière 12.In a preferred embodiment, the insert 6 and the lining 5 constitute an assembly 11 that can be separated from the exterior assembly 4. It can for example be connected to the exterior assembly by a zipper 12.

Lors de l'entretien de la veste, l'insert 6 et la doublure 5 peuvent être dissociés du textile externe 4. Il est ainsi possible de soumettre ces deux éléments à des modes de nettoyage différents. Généralement le textile externe qui est, par sa position, plus exposé aux salissure est plus énergiquement et plus souvent nettoyé que l'insert et la doublure qui sont fragiles.During maintenance of the jacket, the insert 6 and the lining 5 can be separated from the external textile 4. It is thus possible to subject these two elements to different cleaning modes. Generally the external textile which is, by its position, more exposed to dirt is more energetically and more often cleaned than the insert and the lining which are fragile.

L' étanchéité du vêtement est améliorée par l'adjonction de bandelettes étanches sur toutes ses coutures.The tightness of the garment is improved by the addition of waterproof strips on all its seams.

Lorsque le vêtement est soumis à des conditions excessives entraînant la détérioration de la couche imperméable 2, l'utilisateur reste protégé par la couche 1 à base de fibres thermostables.When the garment is subjected to excessive conditions causing deterioration of the impermeable layer 2, the user remains protected by the layer 1 based on thermostable fibers.

L'invention concerne également un siège comportant un revêtement textile et des éléments de mousse. Il comporte un insert monté volant entre le textile externe et les éléments de mousse, ledit insert étant un textile composite anti-feu imperméable, comportant une première couche textile non tissée, aiguilletée à base de fibres thermostables, une deuxième couche constituée d'un film microporeux, imperméable, perméable à la vapeur d'eau et au gaz carbonique, et une couche d'adhésif discontinue, placée entre la première couche textile 1 et la deuxième couche 2 assurant la fixation de la deuxième couche 2 sur la première couche textile 1, la première couche 1 du textile composite étant placée vers le revêtement textile.The invention also relates to a seat comprising a textile covering and foam elements. It comprises an insert mounted flywheel between the external textile and the foam elements, said insert being a waterproof fireproof composite textile, comprising a first non-woven textile layer, needled based on thermostable fibers, a second layer consisting of a film microporous, waterproof, permeable to water vapor and carbon dioxide, and a discontinuous layer of adhesive, placed between the first textile layer 1 and the second layer 2 ensuring the fixing of the second layer 2 on the first textile layer 1, the first layer 1 of the composite textile being placed towards the textile covering.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ce siège comporte des éléments constitués de mousse injectée in situ recouvert au moins partiellement par le textile composite.According to a preferred embodiment, this seat comprises elements consisting of foam injected in situ covered at least partially by the composite textile.

La réalisation des éléments composés de mousse injectée in situ entraîne l'émission de gaz et en particulier de gaz carbonique. Le textile composite de l'invention, constitue une barrière confinant la mousse dans l'espace qui lui est réservé et permet l'évacuation sans difficulté du gaz carbonique. En effet, la dimension de la molécule de gaz carbonique est du même ordre de grandeur que celle de la molécule d'eau et donc les textiles composites perméables à la vapeur d'eau le sont généralement au gaz carbonique.The production of elements composed of foam injected in situ results in the emission of gas and in particular carbon dioxide. The composite textile of the invention constitutes a barrier confining the foam in the space reserved for it and allows the carbon dioxide to be evacuated without difficulty. Indeed, the dimension of the carbon dioxide molecule is of the same order of magnitude as that of the water molecule and therefore the composite textiles permeable to water vapor are generally so with carbon dioxide.

L' étanchéité du siège sera améliorée en collant des bandelettes étanches sur toutes ses coutures.The tightness of the seat will be improved by sticking waterproof strips on all its seams.

De nombreux modes de réalisation du textile composite sont possibles sans sortir du cadre de l'invention et d'autres applications que celles présentées ici sont envisageables.Many embodiments of the composite textile are possible without departing from the scope of the invention and other applications than those presented here are conceivable.

Claims (19)

1. Textile composite anti-feu imperméable comportant une première couche textile (1) non tissée aiguilletée à base de fibres thermostables, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une deuxième couche (2) constituée d'un film microporeux, imperméable et perméale à la vapeur d'eau, ininflammable et une couche d'adhésif (3) discontinue, placée entre la première couche textile (1) et la deuxième couche (2) assurant la fixation de la deuxième couche (2) sur la première couche textile (1).1. Waterproof fireproof composite textile comprising a first needled non-woven textile layer (1) based on thermostable fibers, characterized in that it comprises a second layer (2) consisting of a microporous film, waterproof and permeable to the water vapor, non-flammable and a discontinuous layer of adhesive (3), placed between the first textile layer (1) and the second layer (2) ensuring the fixing of the second layer (2) on the first textile layer (1 ). 2. Textile composite selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une troisième couche (7), textile, placée du côté opposé à la première couche textile par rapport à la deuxième, une deuxième couche d'adhésif (8) discontinue, placée entre la troisième couche (7) textile et la deuxième couche (2) assurant la fixation de la troisième couche (7) textile sur la deuxième couche (2).2. composite textile according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a third layer (7), textile, placed on the side opposite to the first textile layer with respect to the second, a second layer of adhesive (8) discontinuous , placed between the third textile layer (7) and the second layer (2) ensuring the fixing of the third textile layer (7) on the second layer (2). 3. Textile composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la ou les couches d'adhésif (3, 8) sont constituées de points et sont obtenues par enduction par sérigraphie.3. composite textile according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the adhesive layer or layers (3, 8) consist of dots and are obtained by coating by screen printing. 4. Textile composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la ou les couches d'adhésif (3, 8) sont constituées d'un polymère réticulable à l'humidité et qu'elles sont réalisées par pulvérisation à chaud.4. Composite textile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the adhesive layer or layers (3, 8) consist of a moisture-crosslinkable polymer and that they are produced by spraying hot. 5. Textile composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la première couche textile (1) non tissée aiguilletée comporte des fibres thermostables de polyamide-imide.5. Composite textile according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first needled nonwoven textile layer (1) comprises thermostable polyamide-imide fibers. 6. Textile composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième couche (2), constituée d'un film microporeux imperméable et perméable à la vapeur d'eau est à base de polyuréthane.6. Composite textile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second layer (2), consisting of a microporous film impermeable and permeable to water vapor is based on polyurethane. 7. Vêtement de protection comportant un ensemble textile externe constituant sa surface extérieure et une doublure constituant sa surface intérieure, caractérisé en ce qu il comporte un insert (6) monté volant entre le textile externe (4) et la doublure (5), ledit insert étant un textile composite anti-feu imperméable, comportant une première couche (1) textile non tissée, aiguilletée à base de fibres thermostables, une deuxième couche (2) constituée d'un film microporeux, imperméable, perméable à la vapeur d'eau, ininflammable et une couche d'adhésif discontinue (3), placée entre la première couche textile (1) et la deuxième couche (2) assurant la fixation de la deuxième couche (2) sur la première couche textile (1), la première couche (1) textile composite étant placée vers la doublure.7. Protective clothing comprising an external textile assembly constituting its external surface and a lining constituting its internal surface, characterized in that it comprises an insert (6) mounted flywheel between the external textile (4) and the lining (5), said insert being a waterproof fireproof composite textile, comprising a first layer (1) nonwoven fabric, needled based on thermostable fibers, a second layer (2) made of a microporous film, waterproof, permeable to water vapor , non-flammable and a discontinuous layer of adhesive (3), placed between the first textile layer (1) and the second layer (2) ensuring the fixing of the second layer (2) on the first textile layer (1), the first composite textile layer (1) being placed towards the lining. 8. Vêtement selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'insert comporte une troisième couche (7), textile, placée du côté opposé à la première couche textile par rapport à la deuxième, une deuxième couche d'adhésif discontinue (8), placée entre la troisième couche textile et la deuxième couche assurant la fixation de la troisième couche textile sur la deuxième couche.8. Garment according to claim 7, characterized in that the insert comprises a third layer (7), textile, placed on the side opposite to the first textile layer relative to the second, a second layer of discontinuous adhesive (8) , placed between the third textile layer and the second layer ensuring the fixing of the third textile layer on the second layer. 9. Vêtement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce que la ou les couches d'adhésif (3, 8) sont constituées de points et sont obtenues par enduction par sérigraphie.9. Garment according to any one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the adhesive layer or layers (3, 8) consist of dots and are obtained by coating by screen printing. 10. Vêtement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce que la ou les couches d'adhésif (3, 8) sont constituées d'un polymère réticulable à l'humidité et qu'elles sont réalisées par pulvérisation à chaud.10. Garment according to any one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the adhesive layer (s) (3, 8) consist of a moisture-crosslinkable polymer and that they are produced by spraying with hot. 11. Vêtement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la première couche textile (1) non tissée aiguilletée comporte des fibres thermostables de polyamide-imide.11. Garment according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the first needled non-woven textile layer (1) comprises thermostable polyamide-imide fibers. 12. Vêtement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième couche, constituée d'un film microporeux imperméable et perméable à la vapeur d'eau est à base de polyuréthane ignifugé par adjonction d'un additif azoté et phosphoré.12. Garment according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the second layer, consisting of a microporous film impermeable and permeable to water vapor, is based on polyurethane flame retardant by addition of a nitrogen additive and phosphorus. 13. Vêtement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'insert et la doublure constitue un ensemble dissociable, par exemple lors de l'entretien du vêtement de l'ensemble textile externe.13. Garment according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the insert and the lining constitutes a separable assembly, for example during the maintenance of the garment of the external textile assembly. 14. Vêtement selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble insert-doublure est fixé sur l'ensemble extérieur par une fermeture à glissière.14. Garment according to claim 13, characterized in that the insert-lining assembly is fixed to the exterior assembly by a zipper. 15. Siège comportant un revêtement textile et des éléments de mousse, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un insert monté volant entre le textile externe et les éléments de mousse, ledit insert étant un textile composite anti-feu imperméable, comportant une première couche textile non tissée, aiguilletée à base de fibres thermostables, une deuxième couche constituée d'un film microporeux, imperméable, perméable à la vapeur d'eau et au gaz carbonique, et une couche d'adhésif discontinue, placée entre la première couche textile (1) et la deuxième couche (2) assurant la fixation de la deuxième couche (2) sur la première couche textile (1), la première couche (1) du textile composite étant placée vers le revêtement textile.15. Seat comprising a textile covering and foam elements, characterized in that it comprises an insert mounted flywheel between the external textile and the foam elements, said insert being a waterproof fireproof composite textile, comprising a first textile layer nonwoven, needled based on thermostable fibers, a second layer made of a microporous film, impermeable, permeable to water vapor and carbon dioxide, and a discontinuous layer of adhesive, placed between the first textile layer (1) and the second layer (2) ensuring the fixing of the second layer (2) on the first textile layer (1), the first layer (1) of the composite textile being placed towards the textile covering . 16. Siège selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de mousse sont réalisés par injection in situ.16. Seat according to claim 15, characterized in that the foam elements are produced by injection in situ. 17. Siège selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 et 16, caractérisé en ce que la ou les couches d'adhésif (3, 8) sont constituées de points et sont obtenues par enduction par sérigraphie.17. Seat according to any one of claims 15 and 16, characterized in that the adhesive layer or layers (3, 8) consist of dots and are obtained by coating by screen printing. 18. Siège selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 et 16, caractérisé en ce que la ou les couches d'adhésif (3, 8) sont constituées d'un polymère réticulable à l'humidité et qu'elles sont réalisées par pulvérisation à chaud.18. Seat according to any one of claims 15 and 16, characterized in that the adhesive layer or layers (3, 8) consist of a moisture-crosslinkable polymer and that they are produced by spraying with hot. 19. Siège selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième couche, constituée d'un film microporeux imperméable et perméable à la vapeur d'eau est à base de polyuréthane.19. Seat according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the second layer, consisting of a microporous film impermeable and permeable to water vapor is based on polyurethane.
EP89402853A 1988-10-14 1989-10-16 Impermeable fire-proofed textile composite and cloth and seat comprising such a textile Expired - Lifetime EP0364370B1 (en)

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AT89402853T ATE99008T1 (en) 1988-10-14 1989-10-16 FIRE RESISTANT IMPREASE COMPOSITE TEXTILE AND CLOTHING AND ARMCHAIR WITH SUCH TEXTILE.

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FR8813563 1988-10-14
FR8813563A FR2637919B1 (en) 1988-10-14 1988-10-14 COMPOSITE FIREPROOF TEXTILE CLOTHING AND SEAT COMPRISING SUCH A TEXTILE

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EP0364370B1 EP0364370B1 (en) 1993-12-22

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EP (1) EP0364370B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0661889B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE99008T1 (en)
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DE (2) DE364370T1 (en)
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US11849791B1 (en) * 2022-06-30 2023-12-26 Createme Technologies Inc. Methods of assembling apparel products having imine adhesives

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FR2673207A1 (en) * 1991-02-25 1992-08-28 Picardie Lainiere LINER COMPOSITE ANTI-FIRE CLOTHING.
EP0501080A1 (en) * 1991-02-25 1992-09-02 LAINIERE DE PICARDIE: Société anonyme Flame resistant composite lining for cloth
TR25590A (en) * 1991-02-25 1993-07-01 Picardie Lainiere FIRE RESISTANT COMPOUND LINER FOR CLOTHING
AU649381B2 (en) * 1991-02-25 1994-05-19 Proline Textile Fire-resistant composite lining for a garment
WO1994019180A1 (en) * 1993-02-23 1994-09-01 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Sterilizable packaging material
WO1997022385A1 (en) * 1995-12-19 1997-06-26 Kosmala Ky Hand protection for hot workplaces
NL1003545C2 (en) * 1996-07-09 1998-01-12 B V Prof Cloth structure.
EP0819790A1 (en) * 1996-07-09 1998-01-21 Prof B.V. Cloth structure
FR2752367A1 (en) * 1996-08-13 1998-02-20 Martinas Lining especially for garment designed to protect against fire and heat
FR2781341A1 (en) * 1998-07-23 2000-01-28 Dollfus Mieg Et Compagnie Dmc Complex textile material for making garments that protect against heat e.g. for firefighters, has ribs on one or more layers forming air channels
WO2000004798A1 (en) * 1998-07-23 2000-02-03 Europrotect France S.A. Textile complex for making clothes for protection against heat
TR199902112A3 (en) * 1998-09-01 2000-04-21 Carl Freudenberg Semi-material for the production of protective clothing and method for its manufacture.
EP0985355A3 (en) * 1998-09-01 2000-05-31 Firma Carl Freudenberg Semi-finished composite material for manufacturing protective garments and method of manufacture
US6407019B1 (en) 1998-09-01 2002-06-18 Firma Carl Freudenberg Preform material for manufacturing a protective garment, and method for manufacturing it
FR2846201A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-04-30 Proline Textile Composite fire-resistant and waterproof textile material e.g. for firefighters' garments has outer layer made from two non-woven layers connected by felted bridges
EP2186428A2 (en) 2008-11-13 2010-05-19 Otmar Schneider Tissue design for protective clothing
EP2186428A3 (en) * 2008-11-13 2011-08-03 Otmar Schneider Tissue design for protective clothing
CN104490151A (en) * 2014-12-23 2015-04-08 常熟市梅李镇赵市永宏红木家具厂 Waterproof bixa orellana furniture

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US5098770A (en) 1992-03-24
DE364370T1 (en) 1992-05-21
FR2637919A1 (en) 1990-04-20
FR2637919B1 (en) 1991-06-28
CA2000662C (en) 1994-04-26
DE68911643T2 (en) 1994-05-26
JPH0661889B2 (en) 1994-08-17
EP0364370B1 (en) 1993-12-22
ES2047141T3 (en) 1994-02-16
DE68911643D1 (en) 1994-02-03
ATE99008T1 (en) 1994-01-15
CA2000662A1 (en) 1990-04-14
JPH02217238A (en) 1990-08-30

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