FR2846202A1 - Fire-resistant and impermeable textile material has network of flocked fibres to create air spaces for insulation - Google Patents

Abstract

The textile material (1) consists of a first layer (2) of thermostable fibres, a second, non-flammable layer (3) of a liquid water impermeable-water vapor permeable membrane, and a third layer (4) of discontinuous adhesive between (2) and (3). The surface of (2) away from (3) has a discontinuous network (5) of flocked fibres (5a) that trap air between (2) and a facing layer applied over it. The textile material (1) consists of a first layer (2) based on thermostable fibres, a second, non-flammable layer (3) with a liquid water impermeable-moisture permeable membrane, and a third layer (4) of discontinuous adhesive between (2) and (3). The surface of (2) facing away from (3) has a discontinuous network (5) of flocked fibres (5a) that trap air between (2) and a facing layer applied over it. (5) can be in parallel strips or points, and its fibres are based on a thermostable material.

Description

The invention relates to a fire-resistant composite textile, a composite lining

  comprising such a textile as well as thermal protective clothing

  comprising such a lining or such a textile.

  In a particular application, the garment is intended to be worn by

  firefighters who have to fight fires.

  In such a context, the garment must ensure comfort and safety for the person

who wears it.

  For the production of thermal protective clothing, it is known to use a stack of layers having different functions so as to obtain the

  overall performance desired for said garments.

  In particular, the stack forming the garment must have the following characteristics which, in the case of protective clothing for firefighters, are the subject of European standard EN 469 of September 1995: - resist fire; - provide thermal protection to protect the individual from heat; - have low thermal shrinkage; - be waterproof while allowing the passage of water vapor, in particular sweat - from the inside of the garment to the outside environment. Finally, the different properties that such a stack must possess must not lead to the multiplication of the independent layers which compose it so

  not to complicate the making of the garment.

  Document WO-99/35926 discloses a textile assembly comprising two adjacent textile layers on the face of one of which is produced a

  discontinuous network of material so as to space said layers.

  Due to the inclusion of air between the layers of the textile assembly, it

  has thermal protection properties.

  One of the problems which arises with such a textile assembly concerns its appearance and its feel. Indeed, the presence of the network under the layer

  exterior of the assembly induces a marking phenomenon and an irregular feel of said assembly. And, this phenomenon is all the more critical when it is desired a quantity of air included, that is to say, a significant thermal protection imparted. Indeed, the network then presents a greater relief, 1o which further accentuates its visual or tactile detection.

  The invention aims to solve this problem by proposing in particular a fire-resistant composite textile which makes it possible to space two adjacent layers of a thermal protective clothing, and this by means of a network which has a touch and a textile appearance. .

  To this end, and according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a waterproof fireproof composite textile comprising a first textile layer based on thermostable fibers, a second layer comprising a liquid waterproof membrane permeable to water vapor, non-flammable and a third discontinuous layer of adhesive placed between said first and second layers ensuring the fixing of the second layer on the first layer, in which the face of the first layer opposite to the second layer is provided with 'A discontinuous network of flocked fibers which is arranged to allow the inclusion of a volume of air between said

  first layer and a layer arranged opposite.

  The invention further proposes to integrate the lining into the composite textile so as, by reducing the number of independent textiles to be made, to simplify the making of the protective clothing.

  To this end, according to a second aspect, the invention relates to a composite lining comprising such a composite textile and a fourth textile layer, said fourth layer being associated on the face of the first layer which is opposite to the second layer, of so as to leave a layer of air between

  said first and fourth layers.

  The invention further provides simple ready-made garments which have improved thermal protection properties, and this by having an appearance

as well as improved touch.

  To this end, according to a third aspect, the invention relates to a thermal protection garment comprising an external textile assembly constituting the external face of the garment and such a composite lining, in which the

  fourth layer constitutes the interior face of the garment.

  And, according to a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a thermal protection garment comprising an external textile assembly constituting the external face of the garment and a lining constituting the internal face of the garment, said garment comprising an insert mounted between the external textile and the lining, in which said insert is a waterproof fireproof composite textile according to the invention, the first layer of said composite textile being placed opposite the lining so as to provide a layer of air between the

first layer and lining.

  Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent during the course of the

  description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawings in which:

  - Figure 1 is a sectional representation of a composite textile according to one embodiment of the invention; - Figure 2 is a perspective representation of a composite fabric 30 according to a first embodiment of Figure 1; - Figure 3 is a perspective representation of a composite textile according to a second embodiment of Figure 1; - Figure 4 is a sectional representation of a composite lining comprising a composite textile according to Figure 1, according to an embodiment of the invention Figure 5 is a sectional representation of a composite lining according to Figure 4 which is mounted flying on an external textile assembly to form a thermal protection garment, according to an embodiment of the invention - Figure 6 is a sectional representation of a composite textile according to Figure 1 which is mounted flying between an assembly external textile and a lining to form a thermal protective clothing, according to an embodiment of the invention - Figure 7 is a perspective representation of a protective jacket

  thermal made on the basis of the embodiment of FIG. 6.

  With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, the fire-resistant composite textile 1 is formed from a first textile layer 2, from a second layer 3 and from a third layer 4 of adhesive bonding together the first and second layer 2, 3 so

form a unitary whole.

  The first layer 2 may comprise at least one nonwoven ply, possibly reinforced by a knitted fabric produced through it, or a fabric or

one more knit.

  The fibers and / or yarns forming the first layer 2 are either thermostable by

  nature, or fireproofed after their manufacture.

  These fibers and / or yarns are for example meta or para aramid, polyamideimide, polyacrylate, polybenzimidazole, aromatic copolyimide, polyacrylonitryl oxide, polyacrylate, phenylene polysulfide, polyester ether ketone, FR viscose, cotton, ceramic fibers, Zirpo or a compound phenolic, or fluorocarbon, or modalcrylic. A mix of

  these thermostable fibers can also be used.

  In the embodiment shown, the adhesive layer 4 is discontinuous and consists of adhesion points 9, for example comprising a polymer

crosslinkable to moisture.

  The points 9 can be obtained by screen printing and can be formed on the basis of thermoplastic polymers making it possible in particular to obtain

  a bonding with great resistance to dry cleaning and washing.

  Preferably, the polymer used is non-flammable. This quality can for example be conferred by the addition of chlorinated antimony trioxide.

  The points 9 are deposited in the form of a paste or powder or else sprinkled on one of the two layers 2, 3, for example on layer 2.

  The association of the two layers 2, 3 is carried out in a conventional manner on a press.

  In an exemplary embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer crosslinkable to moisture is deposited on the first layer 2 by the melt. After passing through an oven set at 130 ° C., the second layer 3 is immediately applied using a cooled calender. By a subsequent heat treatment at 150 ° C for one minute, the final crosslinking of the

  bonding. The textile then rests 24 hours.

  Other bonding methods can be used, such as, for example, the use of thermo-adhesive webs, films or grids to which each of the layers 2, 3 of the composite textile 1 is applied under a press or by

simple calendering.

  The second layer 3 comprises a membrane impermeable to liquid water and permeable to water vapor. As a variant, the second layer 3 also comprises a textile sheet, for example formed of a knitted fabric, which is associated with the

  membrane so as to reinforce it mechanically.

  The membrane is formed for example of polyurethane or polyamino acid, with a thickness of between 10 and 50 microns. It has microperforations or pores with a diameter of 0.2 microns which allow the circulation of water and carbon dioxide molecules but prevent the 1st passage of liquid water. The surface mass of the membrane is around

40 g / m2.

  Preferably, this membrane is based on polyurethane flame retarded by

  example by adding a nitrogen and phosphorus additive.

  According to another embodiment, the microporous membrane can be

  made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

  Furthermore, hydrophilic type membranes which are impermeable to liquid water and permeable to water vapor can also be used for

  the realization of the second layer 3.

  According to the invention, the face of the first layer 2 which is opposite to the second layer 3 is provided with a discontinuous network 5 of flocked fibers 5a 25 which is arranged to allow the inclusion of a volume of air between said first

  layer and a layer arranged opposite.

  In an exemplary embodiment, the network 5 is obtained by the following successive steps which consist in: - depositing, for example by screen printing, a network 6 of crosslinkable glue on the face of the first layer 2, said glue having a suitable viscosity to allow the anchoring of the fibers 5a; - Anchoring the fibers 5a, previously activated, in the network 6 of adhesive, for example by means of electrostatic flocking, electro-threshing, threshing or pneumatic means; - crosslink the adhesive so as to ensure the fixing of the fibers 5a on the adhesive network 6; - remove, for example by threshing or by suction, the fibers 5a which are not

  not attached to network 6 of crosslinked glue.

  In a particular example, the adhesive is hot-melt and the crosslinking is 1o carried out thermally so that the fixing of the fibers 5a has a

good heat resistance.

  In the context of the application under consideration, it is desirable for the adhesive and the fibers 5a to be made from a thermostable material. The adhesive can be formed on the basis of a fire-retardant binder and the fibers 5a can be formed on the basis of a material identical to that forming the first layer 2, for example in

meta aramid.

  In FIG. 2, the network 5 is formed of points which are discretely distributed so as to form air cells between them. In FIG. 3, the network is formed by bands which extend substantially parallel to each other by

  so as to form air channels between them.

  In a particular example, the thickness of the network 5 is between 1 and 10 25 mm and the spacing of the points or bands is between 2 and 15 mm

  so as to obtain a significant volume of air.

  In the composite textile 1, the network 5 defines air spaces between it and a layer placed facing the layer 2. In particular, this air is not static but can circulate, insofar as it does not exist. is not imprisoned. So in

  under normal conditions of use, there is no significant air overheating.

  Conversely, during a very sudden increase in temperature, the amount of air in the spaces of the network 5 constitutes sufficient thermal insulation to allow the operator to move away from the dangerous place.

  The amount of air is obtained on the one hand by the thickness of the network 6 of glue and on the other hand by the length and the title of the fibers 5a, which makes it possible to modulate it easily. In addition, the density of fibers 5a is arranged to include between them air which contributes to thermal protection. Furthermore, this density of fibers 5a makes it possible to ensure a satisfactory feel and appearance of the layer placed opposite the first layer 2, in particular due to the textile nature of the network 5 and its flexibility.

  This structure also contributes to the lightness of the garment obtained from textile 1, and consequently to its comfort. This is reinforced by the circulation of air in the spaces, which promotes the evaporation of the sweat water absorbed by the lining of the garment.

  We will now describe, with reference to FIG. 4, a composite lining 17 which

  includes the composite textile 1 described in relation to FIG. 1.

  Such a lining is waterproof and breathable and is intended to constitute the inner face of a protective garment. This lining allows great simplicity in making a protective garment by reducing to two the

  number of elements to be associated to obtain said garment.

  Such a composite lining comprises a fourth textile layer 16 associated with the composite textile 1, said fourth layer being disposed on the network 5 and associated with the face of the first layer 2 which is opposite to the second layer 3, so as to form an assembly unitary and to spare a

  layer of air between the first and fourth layers.

  According to one embodiment, the fourth layer 16 comprises a fabric which is

  intended to form the interior face of the garment.

  According to another embodiment, the fourth layer 16 comprises a nonwoven, for example needled, which is intended to form the inner face of the garment. Alternatively, the fourth layer 16 may include a knitted fabric formed through the nonwoven ply so as to reinforce said ply. In this case, the columns 5 of meshes, formed by added threads are linked together which gives them greater cohesion and, thereby, gives greater cohesion to

the lining 17 as a whole.

  According to one embodiment, the fourth layer 16 is associated with the composite textile 1 by quilting using a thread 18. For this purpose, the fourth layer 16 is associated with the first layer 2 prior to the association of the first layer 2 with the second layer 3, so as to avoid the

  perforation of the membrane during the quilting step.

  i5 In the context of the application under consideration, the fourth layer 16 can be flame retardant and resistant to heat and flame. To this end, the fourth layer 16 is made up of thermostable fibers and / or threads, such as, for example, those used to produce the first layer 2 of the composite textile 1 as described above. However, since the fourth layer 16 is thermally protected by layer 2 and the network 5, this arrangement is not decisive.

  Described below, with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7, particularly effective and light thermal protective clothing 10 and / or fire-fighting clothing, which comprise the composite textile 1 according to the invention.

  In Figure 5 is shown a garment comprising an outer textile assembly 11 constituting its outer face and a composite lining 17 as shown in Figure 4, in which the fourth layer 16 constitutes the inner face of the garment.

  During manufacture, the composite lining 17 is mounted flying relative to the external fabric 11. Thus, the use of the composite lining 17 facilitates the manufacture of the garment 10 by reducing the number of elements to be assembled

  since the lining 17 is integrated into the composite textile 1.

  In connection with FIGS. 6 and 7, a garment 10 for thermal protection 5, such as a jacket, is described, which comprises an external textile assembly 11 constituting its external face and a lining 12 constituting its internal face.

  The garment 10 comprises an insert 13 formed from a waterproof fireproof composite textile 1 as described above, the first layer 2 of which is 1o placed opposite the lining 12 and the second layer 3, which is waterproof, is

placed towards the outer fabric 11.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the insert 13 is mounted flywheel between the external textile 11 and the lining 12 which means that it is fixed simultaneously to the external textile 11 and to the lining 12 by its periphery 14 when making, for example by sewing along the seam lines

  from the lining 12 to the outer fabric 11.

  Outside these lines, the insert 13 is free, between the external fabric 11 and the lining 12 without any other attachment to these elements.

  In an embodiment shown in FIG. 7 in relation to a thermal protection jacket, the insert 13 and the lining 12 constitute an assembly which can be separated from the external textile 11. It can for example be connected to the external textile assembly 11 by a zipper 15.

  During maintenance of the jacket 10, the insert 13 and the lining 12 can be separated from the external textile 11. It is thus possible to subject these two

  elements with different cleaning modes.

  The tightness of the garment 10 can be improved by the addition of strips

  waterproof which are fixed on the seams.

  In addition, in order to promote the circulation of air in the spaces of the network 5, the network 5 has a general longitudinal orientation to the garment, and in particular vertical in the case of a jacket (cut away in FIG. 7),

  promoting air circulation by a natural phenomenon of convection.

  In the protective clothing according to the invention, when the garment is watered, the lining, the first layer 2 of the textile 1 and therefore the user are protected since the layer 3 is impermeable to liquid. In particular, the membrane prevents the inclusion of water in the air spaces formed in the network 5, which would adversely affect the thermal insulation properties of layer 2 as well as the drying capacity of the garment. In addition, this seal prevents burns that the user of the garment could undergo when he is

sprinkled with hot water.

  Layer 3, however, allows water vapor and gas to circulate freely

  carbonic just like the other layers 2, 4 and the lining must do it.

  Furthermore, the adhesive layer 4 being discontinuous, a very large part of its surface is free of any material, which makes it possible not to alter the waterproof-breathable property of the textile 1.

  Thus, the composite textile 1 as a whole has all the qualities required to prevent condensation of perspiration, which gives it a

optimal comfort.

  Another property by which the garments according to the invention are

  particularly effective is thermal insulation.

  This characteristic is fulfilled by the importance of the volume of air included in the textile 1. In fact, where the network 5 extends, the textile 1 has a volume

significant air.

  Due to the heat capacity of the air, the network 5 can thus act as a thermal barrier against the high heat prevailing in the ambient environment, for example in the context of the intervention of firefighters to

control a fire.

  In addition, when the garment 10 is subjected to excessive conditions causing the deterioration of the layer 3, the user remains protected by the layer 2 based on thermostable fibers. Indeed, the fibers constituting the first layer 2 are flame retardant, which gives layer 2 good resistance to fire.

  Furthermore, the composite textile 1 which provides all of the required functions is unitary so as not to complicate the making of the garment. In addition, the lining can be combined with the textile 1 so as to form a unitary assembly 15 which will be used as such for making the garment.

Claims (18)

  1. waterproof fireproof composite textile (1) comprising a first textile layer (2) based on thermostable fibers, a second layer (3) comprising a membrane impermeable to liquid water and permeable to water vapor, non-flammable and a third layer (4) of discontinuous adhesive placed between said first and second layers (2, 3) ensuring the fixing of the second layer (3) on the first layer (2), characterized in that the face of the first layer (2) opposite the second layer (3) is provided with a discontinuous network (5) of flocked fibers (5a) which is arranged to allow the inclusion of a volume of air between said first layer and a diaper arranged opposite.   2. Textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the network (5) is formed of bands, said bands extending substantially parallel between   them so as to form air channels between them.   3. Textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the network (5) is formed of points, said points being distributed in a discrete manner so as to form air cells between them.   4. Textile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that   that the flocked fibers (5a) are made from a thermostable material.   5. Textile according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that   that the second layer (3) further comprises a textile sheet associated with the   face of the membrane which is opposite to the first layer (2).   6. Textile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the third layer (4) of adhesive consists of dots (9) and is obtained by serigraphic coating.   7. Textile according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the third layer (4) of adhesive comprises a polymer crosslinkable to moisture which is deposited in the melt.   8. Textile according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first layer (2) comprises thermostable fibers of polyamide-imide.   9. Textile according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the   membrane of the second layer (3) is made from polyurethane.   10. Composite lining (17) comprising a waterproof fireproof composite textile (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and a fourth textile layer (16), said fourth layer being associated on the face of the first layer ( 2) which is opposite the second layer (3), so as to provide a layer of air between said first and fourth layers.   11. Lining according to claim 10, characterized in that the fourth layer (16) comprises a nonwoven.   12. Lining according to claim 10, characterized in that the fourth layer (16) comprises a fabric.   13. Lining according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the fourth layer (16) is formed on the basis of thermostable fibers and / or son.   14. Lining according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the fourth layer (16) is associated with the first layer (2) by   quilting. 15. Thermal protective clothing (10) comprising an external textile assembly (11) constituting the external face of the clothing (10) and a lining   composite (17) according to any one of claims 10 to 14, in which   the fourth layer (16) constitutes the inner face of the garment (10).   16. Thermal protection clothing (10) comprising an external textile assembly (11) constituting the external face of the clothing (10) and a lining (12)   constituting the inner face of the garment (10), said garment (10) comprising an insert (13) mounted between the external textile (11) and the lining (12), said garment (10) being characterized in that said insert (13 ) is a waterproof fireproof composite textile (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, the first layer (2) of said composite textile (1) being placed opposite the   lining (12) so as to provide a layer of air between the first layer (2) and the lining (12).   17. Garment according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the lining or the insert (13) is mounted flywheel.   18. Garment according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the network (5) is arranged to allow the flow of air to inside the air layer.