EP0356818B1 - Circuitry for driving a load - Google Patents
Circuitry for driving a load Download PDFInfo
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- EP0356818B1 EP0356818B1 EP89115183A EP89115183A EP0356818B1 EP 0356818 B1 EP0356818 B1 EP 0356818B1 EP 89115183 A EP89115183 A EP 89115183A EP 89115183 A EP89115183 A EP 89115183A EP 0356818 B1 EP0356818 B1 EP 0356818B1
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- Prior art keywords
- circuit arrangement
- switching transistor
- arrangement according
- converter
- transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating a load via a choke or a transformer according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the circuit arrangement is used to operate gas discharge lamps. Since such circuit arrangements with line rectifiers generally generate harmonics in the line current, the circuit arrangement must have a passive or active harmonic filter, e.g. a boost converter.
- a passive or active harmonic filter e.g. a boost converter.
- Step-up converters require control with a clock generator for the switching transistor in order to limit the harmonic content of the current drawn by the network to the values permitted by VDE 0712. In the previously known circuits, this is done by an external controller, which can also include a complex sinusoidal control.
- DE-AS 28 25 708 lists such a control circuit with a sinusoidal guide for a step-up converter.
- the elaborately designed circuit arrangement for the control circuit includes, among other things, a pulse generator and an operational amplifier.
- a non-sinusoidal step-up converter with approximately sinusoidal current consumption for an electronic fluorescent lamp ballast is described in the treatise "New lights and ballasts with reduced connected load” by SIEMENS Energytechnik 3 (1981), volume 5.
- This circuit arrangement comprises a step-up converter as a harmonic filter and a push-pull frequency generator for lamp control and has a triangle-like current consumption from the network which meets the prescribed harmonic limitation.
- the frequency generator and the step-up converter have different clock frequencies, so that interference occurs between the two frequencies.
- an electronic ballast which consists of an active harmonic filter, in particular a step-up converter, and a downstream converter, the harmonic filter and the converter via a common external control circuit which is acted upon by a clock generator. being controlled.
- the control circuit includes a pulse width modulator for operating the step-up converter and a pulse generator for the converter.
- the object of the invention is to provide a circuit arrangement which makes no interference of frequencies possible and does not require a sinusoidal control.
- the control circuit should consist of a few components and should be inexpensive to manufacture.
- the base control of the switching transistor of the step-up converter from the same transformer as the transistors of the push-pull frequency generator provides a common clock generator for the transistors of the push-pull frequency generator and for the switching transistor of the step-up converter, which rules out interference between the two.
- no additional Control circuit for the switching transistor of the step-up converter with a large number of circuit elements is required because the control for the push-pull frequency generator can also take over this function.
- a current saturation toroidal transformer is advantageously used as the transformer, since the losses are kept very low.
- the control winding of the current saturation toroidal transformer for the transistor of the push-pull frequency generator connected to the negative pole can simultaneously feed the base of the switching transistor of the step-up converter. This further simplifies the circuit arrangement.
- the base control of the switching transistor in the step-up converter from the current saturation toroidal transformer takes place via a series resistor and a capacitor.
- the base of the transistor is connected to its emitter via an adjustable resistor to set the duty cycle.
- the step-up converter is bridged by a diode in the forward DC direction.
- the voltage present at the output ie at the smoothing capacitor
- the voltage present at the output is greater in all operating states than that behind the mains rectifier Peak value of the input voltage. If the switching transistor is blocked before the choke saturates, the reverse voltage in the choke drives the current through the diode into the smoothing capacitor until the energy content of the choke is no longer sufficient.
- the inductor is supported on the latter, so that the energy content of the capacitor is added to the existing energy content of the inductor. All of this has the consequence that the output voltage of the step-up converter is greatly increased and the smoothing capacitor must be designed for a high operating voltage.
- another switching transistor is therefore connected in series with the rectifier with its collector-emitter path in the forward DC direction, the base of which is also controlled from the same current saturation toroid transformer as the transistors of the push-pull frequency generator.
- the base of the further switching transistor is connected to the emitter of the same via a limiting resistor and the control winding of the current saturation toroidal transformer, and at this connection point the cathode of a diode is connected, the anode of which is connected to the negative pole of the mains rectifier.
- the inductance of the step-up converter is alternately supported on the input voltage or on the zero potential. This means that there is a sufficient voltage swing across the inductor available which ensures that the output voltage at the smoothing capacitor is only slightly above the line voltage peak at the back-up capacitor and that the current drawn by the network is very closely approximated to the sinusoidal form.
- the necessary clock matching of both transistors is also achieved, and at the same time an additional control circuit for this further transistor can be dispensed with.
- the collector-emitter path of the further switching transistor is bridged by a diode in the reverse DC direction. This prevents dangerous voltage peaks at the transistor during the switching breaks.
- a control amplifier can be provided in the circuit arrangement for feeding a DC voltage via the adjustable resistor into the base of the switching transistor in the step-up converter.
- the control amplifier receives its control signal and its voltage supply from a secondary winding, which is attached to the choke in the load circuit, to the current saturation toroidal transformer or to the choke of the step-up converter.
- the control amplifier can also receive its signal and its voltage supply from the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator via a DC-decoupled transformer.
- FIG. 1 shows the exact circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement according to the invention with a step-up converter for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp.
- a rectifier GL At the network input of the circuit arrangement there is a rectifier GL, to whose DC output a supporting capacitor C1 is connected in parallel.
- the self-regulating push-pull frequency generator consists of the two transistors T1, T2 with the reverse current diodes D3, D4, the series resistors R5 to R8, the control transformer and the starting generator with the resistors R4, R9, the starting capacitor C3, the diode D2, the diac D1 and the capacitor C4.
- the control transformer works according to the feedback principle and is composed of the primary winding RK 1 and the two secondary windings RK2 and RK3, which sit on a common toroid.
- the low-pressure discharge lamp LP is connected with a connection of the electrode E1 to the center tap M between the two transistors T1, T2 and with a connection of the other electrode E2 to the positive pole of
- a series resonance circuit consisting of resonance inductance L1 coupling capacitor C5 and resonance capacitor C6 is provided, the resonance inductance L1 and the coupling capacitor C5 between the primary winding RK1 of the control transformer and the corresponding connection of the electrode E1 and the resonance capacitor C6 between the connections of the electrodes E1 and E2 are switched.
- a step-up converter is connected between the support capacitor C1 and the start-up generator of the push-pull frequency generator, which is composed of a choke L2, a diode D5, a switching transistor T3 and a smoothing capacitor C2.
- the function of a step-up converter can be found in any book on switching power supplies, such as the book “Switching Power Supplies - Motor Controls" by Otto Macek.
- the base of the transistor T3 is connected via a series connection of a coupling capacitor C7 and a resistor R1 to a tap between the drive winding RK3 of the transistor T2 and the series resistor R6.
- the base of transistor T3 is connected to its emitter via an adjustable resistor R2.
- the series connection of the choke L2 and the diode D5 is also a diode D6 in the forward DC direction connected in parallel.
- the transistor of the step-up converter is switched in the same cycle as the transistors of the push-pull frequency generator.
- the resistor R1 serves to limit the current, the resistor R2 to adjust the duty cycle of the transistor and thus to adjust the DC voltage on the smoothing capacitor C2.
- the supply voltage for the push-pull frequency generator is set.
- the diode D6 is used to bypass the step-up converter in the event of a brief overload of the frequency generator.
- FIG. 2 shows a further circuit arrangement according to the invention for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp.
- a further switching transistor T4 with its collector-emitter path is connected in the forward DC direction between the positive pole of the rectifier GL and the choke L3 of the step-up converter.
- the base of transistor T4 is connected to its emitter via a series resistor R3 and via a further secondary winding RK4 of the control transformer.
- a diode 8 is connected at the point of connection of the base to the emitter of the switching transistor T4 and is connected in the reverse DC direction to the negative pole on the mains rectifier GL.
- the collector-emitter path of the switching transistor T4 is also bridged by a diode D7 in the reverse DC direction.
- the inductor L2 is supported on zero potential during its discharge.
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement corresponding to FIG. 1, a control amplifier RV being additionally provided.
- the control amplifier is connected to the base of the switching transistor T3 via the adjustable resistor R2.
- the control amplifier RV receives its voltage supply from a secondary winding L4 which is connected to the choke L1 of the load circuit.
- the control amplifier is also connected to the negative pole of the mains rectifier.
- variable voltage is supplied to the variable resistor R2, by means of the transistor T3 the supply voltage (for the push-pull frequency generator) on the capacitor C2 is constantly regulated.
- a high-pressure discharge lamp such as e.g. a metal halide high pressure mercury discharge lamp can be operated.
- a change in the respective circuit structure is not necessary for this.
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- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer Last über eine Drossel oder einen Transformator entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating a load via a choke or a transformer according to the preamble of claim 1.
Insbesondere dient die Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Gasentladungslampen. Da solche Schaltungsanordnungen mit Netzgleichrichter grundsätzlich Oberschwingungen im Netzstrom erzeugen, muß die Schaltungsanordnung ein passives oder aktives Oberwellenfilter, wie z.B. einen Hochsetzsteller, enthalten.In particular, the circuit arrangement is used to operate gas discharge lamps. Since such circuit arrangements with line rectifiers generally generate harmonics in the line current, the circuit arrangement must have a passive or active harmonic filter, e.g. a boost converter.
Hochsetzsteller benötigen eine Ansteuerung mit einem Taktgeber für den Schalttransistor, um den Oberschwingungsgehalt des vom Netz aufgenommenen Stroms auf die nach VDE 0712 zulässigen Werte zu begrenzen. Bei den bisher bekannten Schaltungen erfolgt dies durch eine Fremdsteuerung, wobei diese gleichzeitig eine aufwendige Sinusführung beinhalten kann.Step-up converters require control with a clock generator for the switching transistor in order to limit the harmonic content of the current drawn by the network to the values permitted by VDE 0712. In the previously known circuits, this is done by an external controller, which can also include a complex sinusoidal control.
In der DE-AS 28 25 708 ist eine solche Steuerschaltung mit einer Sinusführung für einen Hochsetzsteller aufgeführt. Die aufwendig gestaltete Schaltungsanordnung für die Steuerschaltung beinhaltet dabei unter anderem einen Pulsgenerator und einen Operationsverstärker.DE-AS 28 25 708 lists such a control circuit with a sinusoidal guide for a step-up converter. The elaborately designed circuit arrangement for the control circuit includes, among other things, a pulse generator and an operational amplifier.
Ein nicht sinusgeführter Hochsetzsteller mit annähernd sinusförmiger Stromaufnahme für ein elektronisches Leuchtstofflampen-Vorschaltgerät ist in der Abhandlung "Neue Leuchten und Vorschaltgeräte mit reduzierter Anschlußleistung" der SIEMENS Energietechnik 3 (1981), Heft 5, beschrieben. Diese Schaltungsanordnung umfaßt einen Hochsetzsteller als Oberwellenfilter und einen Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator zur Lampensteuerung und weist eine dreieckähnliche Stromaufnahme aus dem Netz auf, die die vorgeschriebene Oberwellenbegrenzung erfüllt. Allerdings besitzen der Frequenzgenerator und der Hochsetzsteller unterschiedliche Taktfrequenzen, so daß es zu Interferenzen zwischen beiden Frequenzen kommt.A non-sinusoidal step-up converter with approximately sinusoidal current consumption for an electronic fluorescent lamp ballast is described in the treatise "New lights and ballasts with reduced connected load" by SIEMENS Energietechnik 3 (1981), volume 5. This circuit arrangement comprises a step-up converter as a harmonic filter and a push-pull frequency generator for lamp control and has a triangle-like current consumption from the network which meets the prescribed harmonic limitation. However, the frequency generator and the step-up converter have different clock frequencies, so that interference occurs between the two frequencies.
In der DE-A-32 33 655 wird ein elektronisches Vorschaltgerät beansprucht, das aus einem aktiven Oberwellenfilter, insbesondere einem Hochsetzsteller, und einem nachgeschalteten Wandler besteht, wobei das Oberwellenfilter und der Wandler über eine gemeinsame externe Steuerschaltung, die von einem Taktgenerator beaufschlagt ist, gesteuert werden. Die Steuerschaltung beinhaltet einen Pulsweitenmodulator zum Betrieb des Hochsetzstellers und einen Impulsgenerator für den Wandler.In DE-A-32 33 655 an electronic ballast is claimed which consists of an active harmonic filter, in particular a step-up converter, and a downstream converter, the harmonic filter and the converter via a common external control circuit which is acted upon by a clock generator. being controlled. The control circuit includes a pulse width modulator for operating the step-up converter and a pulse generator for the converter.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Schaltungsanordnung zu schaffen, die kein Interferieren von Frequenzen möglich macht und ohne Sinusführung auskommt. Die Ansteuerschaltung sollte dabei aus wenigen Bauteilen bestehen und kostengünstig herzustellen sein.The object of the invention is to provide a circuit arrangement which makes no interference of frequencies possible and does not require a sinusoidal control. The control circuit should consist of a few components and should be inexpensive to manufacture.
Die Aufgabe wird durch das kennzeichnende Merkmal des 1. Anspruchs gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Schaltungsanordnung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.The object is achieved by the characterizing feature of the first claim. Further advantageous refinements of the circuit arrangement can be found in the subclaims.
Durch die Basisansteuerung des Schalttransistors des Hochsetzstellers aus demselben Übertrager wie die Transistoren des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators erhält man einen gemeinsamen Taktgeber für die Transistoren des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators und für den Schalttransistor des Hochsetzstellers, der eine Interferenz beider ausschließt. Außerdem wird keine zusätzliche Ansteuerschaltung für den Schalttransistor des Hochsetzstellers mit einer großen Zahl von Schaltungselementen benötigt, da die Ansteuerung für den Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator diese Funktion mitübernehmen kann.The base control of the switching transistor of the step-up converter from the same transformer as the transistors of the push-pull frequency generator provides a common clock generator for the transistors of the push-pull frequency generator and for the switching transistor of the step-up converter, which rules out interference between the two. Besides, no additional Control circuit for the switching transistor of the step-up converter with a large number of circuit elements is required because the control for the push-pull frequency generator can also take over this function.
Vorteilhaft wird als Übertrager ein StromsättigungsRingkerntrafo verwendet, da hierbei die Verluste sehr gering gehalten werden. Bei geeigneter Wahl der Schaltungselemente kann die Ansteuerwicklung des Stromsättigungs-Ringkerntrafos für den am Minuspol angeschlossenen Transistor des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators gleichzeitig die Basis des Schalttransistors des Hochsetzstellers speisen. Dadurch wird eine weitere Vereinfachung der Schaltungsanordnung erreicht.A current saturation toroidal transformer is advantageously used as the transformer, since the losses are kept very low. With a suitable choice of the circuit elements, the control winding of the current saturation toroidal transformer for the transistor of the push-pull frequency generator connected to the negative pole can simultaneously feed the base of the switching transistor of the step-up converter. This further simplifies the circuit arrangement.
Die Basisansteuerung des Schalttransistors im Hochsetzsteller aus dem Stromsättigungs-Ringkerntrafo erfolgt über einen in Reihe liegenden Begrenzungswiderstand und einen Kondensator. Außerdem ist zur Einstellung der Tastzeit des Transistors dessen Basis mit seinem Emitter über einen einstellbaren Widerstand verbunden.The base control of the switching transistor in the step-up converter from the current saturation toroidal transformer takes place via a series resistor and a capacitor. In addition, the base of the transistor is connected to its emitter via an adjustable resistor to set the duty cycle.
Für den Fall einer Überlastung durch den Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator sowie für den Einschaltvorgang ist der Hochsetzsteller durch eine Diode in Gleichstromvorwärtsrichtung überbrückt.In the event of an overload by the push-pull frequency generator and for the switch-on process, the step-up converter is bridged by a diode in the forward DC direction.
Bei einem Hochsetzsteller, wie er oben beschrieben ist, ist die am Ausgang, d.h. am Glättungskondensator vorliegende Spannung in allen Betriebszuständen größer als der hinter dem Netzgleichrichter liegende Spitzenwert der Eingangsspannung. Wird der Schalttransistor vor der Sättigung der Drossel gesperrt, so treibt die Gegenspannung in der Drossel den Strom über die Diode so lange weiter in den Glättungskondensator, bis der Energieinhalt der Drossel dafür nicht mehr ausreicht. Bei einem parallel zum Gleichrichter nachgeschalteten Kondensator stützt sich die Drossel an diesem ab, so daß der Energieinhalt des Kondensators zum vorhandenen Energieinhalt der Drossel noch hinzukommt. Dies alles hat zur Folge, daß die Ausgangsspannung des Hochsetzstellers stark erhöht wird und der Glättungskondensator für eine hohe Betriebsspannung ausgelegt sein muß.In the case of a step-up converter as described above, the voltage present at the output, ie at the smoothing capacitor, is greater in all operating states than that behind the mains rectifier Peak value of the input voltage. If the switching transistor is blocked before the choke saturates, the reverse voltage in the choke drives the current through the diode into the smoothing capacitor until the energy content of the choke is no longer sufficient. In the case of a capacitor connected in parallel with the rectifier, the inductor is supported on the latter, so that the energy content of the capacitor is added to the existing energy content of the inductor. All of this has the consequence that the output voltage of the step-up converter is greatly increased and the smoothing capacitor must be designed for a high operating voltage.
Vor den Hochsetzsteller ist daher in Reihe zum Netzgleichrichter ein weiterer Schalttransistor mit seiner Kollektor-Emitter-Strecke in Gleichstromvorwärtsrichtung geschaltet, wobei auch dessen Basis aus demselben Stromsättigungs-Ringkerntrafo angesteuert wird wie die Transistoren des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators. Die Basis des weiteren Schalttransistors ist dazu über einen Begrenzungswiderstand und die Ansteuerwicklung des Stromsättigungs-Ringkerntrafos mit dem Emitter desselben verbunden und an diesem Verbindungspunkt die Kathode einer Diode angeschlossen, deren Anode mit dem Minuspol des Netzgleichrichters verbunden ist.In front of the step-up converter, another switching transistor is therefore connected in series with the rectifier with its collector-emitter path in the forward DC direction, the base of which is also controlled from the same current saturation toroid transformer as the transistors of the push-pull frequency generator. For this purpose, the base of the further switching transistor is connected to the emitter of the same via a limiting resistor and the control winding of the current saturation toroidal transformer, and at this connection point the cathode of a diode is connected, the anode of which is connected to the negative pole of the mains rectifier.
Mit Hilfe dieses weiteren Schalttransistors sowie der Diode in Gleichstromrückwärtsrichtung stützt sich die Induktivität des Hochsetzstellers alternierend an der Eingangsspannung oder am Nullpotenial ab. Dadurch ist ein ausreichender Spannungshub an der Induktivität vorhanden der gewährleistet daß die Ausgangsspannung am Glättungskondensator nur wenig über der Netzspannungsspitze am Stützkondensator liegt und der vom Netz aufgenommene Strom sehr gut der Sinusform angenähert wird. Durch die Ansteuerung aus dem Stromsättigungs-Ringkerntrafo wird außerdem die notwendige Taktübereinstimmung beider Transistoren erreicht, wobei gleichzeitig auf eine zusätzliche Ansteuerschaltung für diesen weiteren Transistor verzichtet werden kann.With the help of this further switching transistor and the diode in the direct current reverse direction, the inductance of the step-up converter is alternately supported on the input voltage or on the zero potential. This means that there is a sufficient voltage swing across the inductor available which ensures that the output voltage at the smoothing capacitor is only slightly above the line voltage peak at the back-up capacitor and that the current drawn by the network is very closely approximated to the sinusoidal form. Through the control from the current saturation toroidal transformer, the necessary clock matching of both transistors is also achieved, and at the same time an additional control circuit for this further transistor can be dispensed with.
Die Kollektor-Emitter-Strecke des weiteren Schalttransistors ist durch eine Diode in Gleichstromrückwärtsrichtung überbrückt. Dadurch werden gefährliche Spannungsspitzen am Transistor in den Schaltpausen verhindert.The collector-emitter path of the further switching transistor is bridged by a diode in the reverse DC direction. This prevents dangerous voltage peaks at the transistor during the switching breaks.
In einer weiteren Ausführung kann bei der Schaltungsanordnung ein Regelverstärker zur Einspeisung einer Gleichspannung über den einstellbaren Widerstand in die Basis des Schalttransistors im Hochsetzsteller vorgesehen sein. Der Regelverstärker erhält dabei sein Regelsignal und seine Spannungsversorgung von einer sekundären Wicklung, die an der Drossel im Lastkreis, am Stromsättigungs-Ringkerntrafo oder an der Drossel des Hochsetzstellers angebracht ist. Wahlweise kann der Regelverstärker sein Signal und seine Spannungsversorgung auch über einen gleichstromentkoppelten Transformator vom Mittenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators erhalten. Durch Einspeisen einer so gewonnenen Gleichspannung wird mit Hilfe des Schalttransistors eine Netzspannungsausregelung am Glättungskondensator ermöglicht, ohne daß sich dabei die Kurvenform des Netzstromes unzulässig ändert.In a further embodiment, a control amplifier can be provided in the circuit arrangement for feeding a DC voltage via the adjustable resistor into the base of the switching transistor in the step-up converter. The control amplifier receives its control signal and its voltage supply from a secondary winding, which is attached to the choke in the load circuit, to the current saturation toroidal transformer or to the choke of the step-up converter. Optionally, the control amplifier can also receive its signal and its voltage supply from the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator via a DC-decoupled transformer. By feeding in a DC voltage obtained in this way, a mains voltage regulation at the smoothing capacitor is made possible with the aid of the switching transistor, without the curve shape of the mains current changing inadmissibly.
Die Erfindung ist anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren näher veranschaulicht.
- Figur 1
- zeigt eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben einer Niederdruckentladungslampe
Figur 2- zeigt eine weitere Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben einer Niederdruckentladungslampe
- Figur 3
- zeigt eine Schaltungsanordnung entsprechend Figur 1 mit einem zusätzlichen Regelverstärker zur Netzspannungsausregelung am Glättungskondensator
- Figure 1
- shows a circuit arrangement for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp
- Figure 2
- shows a further circuit arrangement for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp
- Figure 3
- shows a circuit arrangement corresponding to Figure 1 with an additional control amplifier for line voltage regulation on the smoothing capacitor
In Figur 1 ist das genaue Schaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung mit Hochsetzsteller zum Betrieb einer Niederdruckentladungslampe dargestellt. Am Netzeingang der Schaltungsanordnung liegt ein Gleichrichter GL, zu dessen Gleichstromausgang ein Stützkondensator C1 parallelgeschaltet ist. Der selbststeuernde Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator besteht aus den beiden Transistoren T1, T2 mit den Rückstromdioden D3, D4, den Vorschaltwiderständen R5 bis R8, dem Steuerübertrager und dem Anlaufgenerator mit den Widerständen R4, R9, dem Startkondensator C3, der Diode D2, dem Diac D1 sowie dem Kondensator C4. Der Steuerübertrager arbeitet nach dem Rückkopplungsprinzip und setzt sich aus der Primärwicklung RK 1 sowie den beiden Sekundärwicklungen RK2 und RK3 zusammen, die auf einem gemeinsamen Ringkern sitzen. Die Niederdruckentladungslampe LP ist mit einem Anschluß der Elektrode E1 mit dem Mittenabgriff M zwischen den beiden Transistoren T1, T2 und mit einem Anschluß der anderen Elektrode E2 mit dem Pluspol des Netzgleichrichters GL verbunden.FIG. 1 shows the exact circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement according to the invention with a step-up converter for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp. At the network input of the circuit arrangement there is a rectifier GL, to whose DC output a supporting capacitor C1 is connected in parallel. The self-regulating push-pull frequency generator consists of the two transistors T1, T2 with the reverse current diodes D3, D4, the series resistors R5 to R8, the control transformer and the starting generator with the resistors R4, R9, the starting capacitor C3, the diode D2, the diac D1 and the capacitor C4. The control transformer works according to the feedback principle and is composed of the primary winding RK 1 and the two secondary windings RK2 and RK3, which sit on a common toroid. The low-pressure discharge lamp LP is connected with a connection of the electrode E1 to the center tap M between the two transistors T1, T2 and with a connection of the other electrode E2 to the positive pole of the mains rectifier GL.
Außerdem ist ein Serienresonanzkreis aus Resonanzinduktivität L1 Koppelkondensator C5 und Resonanzkondensator C6 vorgesehen, wobei die Resonanzinduktivität L1 und der Koppelkondensator C5 zwischen die Primärwicklung RK1 des Steuerübertragers und den entsprechenden Anschluß der Elektrode E1 und der Resonanzkondensator C6 zwischen die auf der Heizkreisseite liegenden Anschlüsse der Elektroden E1 und E2 geschaltet sind.In addition, a series resonance circuit consisting of resonance inductance L1 coupling capacitor C5 and resonance capacitor C6 is provided, the resonance inductance L1 and the coupling capacitor C5 between the primary winding RK1 of the control transformer and the corresponding connection of the electrode E1 and the resonance capacitor C6 between the connections of the electrodes E1 and E2 are switched.
Die Funktionsweise einer solchen Schaltungsanordnung mit Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator und Serienresonanzkreis zum Zünden und Betrieb einer Niederdruckentladungslampe kann dem Buch "Elektronikschaltungen" von W. Hirschmann (Siemens AG.), Seite 148, entnommen werden und soll hier nicht näher ausgeführt werden.The mode of operation of such a circuit arrangement with push-pull frequency generator and series resonance circuit for igniting and operating a low-pressure discharge lamp can be found in the book "Electronics Circuits" by W. Hirschmann (Siemens AG.), Page 148, and will not be described in more detail here.
Zwischen den Stützkondensator C1 und den Anlaufgenerator des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators ist ein Hochsetzsteller geschaltet, der sich aus einer Drossel L2, einer Diode D5, einem Schalttransistor T3 und einem Glättungskondensator C2 zusammensetzt. Die Funktionsweise eines Hochsetzstellers kann jedem beliebigen Buch über Schaltnetzteile, wie z.B. dem Buch "Schaltnetzteile - Motorsteuerungen" von Otto Macek, entnommen werden. Die Basis des Transistors T3 ist über eine Reihenschaltung eines Koppelkondensators C7 und eines Widerstands R1 an einem Abgriff zwischen der Ansteuerwicklung RK3 des Transistors T2 und dem Vorwiderstand R6 angeschlossen. Außerdem ist die Basis des Transistors T3 über einen einstellbaren Widerstand R2 mit seinem Emitter verbunden. Der Reihenschaltung aus der Drossel L2 und der Diode D5 ist außerdem eine Diode D6 in Gleichstromvorwärtsrichtung parallelgeschaltet. Durch eine solche Verschaltung wird der Transistor des Hochsetzstellers im gleichen Takt wie die Transistoren des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators geschaltet. Der Widerstand R1 dient zur Strombegrenzung, der Widerstand R2 zur Einstellung der Tastzeit des Transistors und damit zur Einstellung der Gleichspannung am Glättungskondensator C2. Gleichzeitig wird damit die Versorgungsspannung für den Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator eingestellt. Die Diode D6 dient zu einer Überbrückung des Hochsetzstellers für den Fall einer kurzzeitigen Überlastung des Frequenzgenerators.A step-up converter is connected between the support capacitor C1 and the start-up generator of the push-pull frequency generator, which is composed of a choke L2, a diode D5, a switching transistor T3 and a smoothing capacitor C2. The function of a step-up converter can be found in any book on switching power supplies, such as the book "Switching Power Supplies - Motor Controls" by Otto Macek. The base of the transistor T3 is connected via a series connection of a coupling capacitor C7 and a resistor R1 to a tap between the drive winding RK3 of the transistor T2 and the series resistor R6. In addition, the base of transistor T3 is connected to its emitter via an adjustable resistor R2. The series connection of the choke L2 and the diode D5 is also a diode D6 in the forward DC direction connected in parallel. Through such a connection, the transistor of the step-up converter is switched in the same cycle as the transistors of the push-pull frequency generator. The resistor R1 serves to limit the current, the resistor R2 to adjust the duty cycle of the transistor and thus to adjust the DC voltage on the smoothing capacitor C2. At the same time, the supply voltage for the push-pull frequency generator is set. The diode D6 is used to bypass the step-up converter in the event of a brief overload of the frequency generator.
Figur 2 zeigt eine weitere erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer Niederdruckentladungslampe. Bei dieser Schaltungsanordnung sind zu der in Figur 1 aufgeführten Schaltungsanordnung weitere Schaltungsteile hinzugefügt. So ist zwischen den Pluspol des Gleichrichters GL und die Drossel L3 des Hochsetzstellers ein weiterer Schalttransistor T4 mit seiner Kollektor-Emitter-Strecke in Gleichstromvorwärtsrichtung geschaltet. Die Basis des Transistors T4 ist über einen Vorwiderstand R3 und über eine weitere Sekundärwicklung RK4 des Steuerübertragers mit seinem Emitter verbunden. Am Verbindungspunkt der Basis mit dem Emitter des Schalttransistors T4 ist eine Diode 8 angeschlossen und in Gleichstromrückwärtsrichtung mit dem Minuspol am Netzgleichrichter GL verbunden. Die Kollektor-Emitter-Strecke des Schalttransistors T4 ist außerdem durch eine Diode D7 in Gleichstromrückwärtsrichtung überbrückt.FIG. 2 shows a further circuit arrangement according to the invention for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp. In this circuit arrangement, further circuit parts are added to the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. A further switching transistor T4 with its collector-emitter path is connected in the forward DC direction between the positive pole of the rectifier GL and the choke L3 of the step-up converter. The base of transistor T4 is connected to its emitter via a series resistor R3 and via a further secondary winding RK4 of the control transformer. A diode 8 is connected at the point of connection of the base to the emitter of the switching transistor T4 and is connected in the reverse DC direction to the negative pole on the mains rectifier GL. The collector-emitter path of the switching transistor T4 is also bridged by a diode D7 in the reverse DC direction.
Durch die zusätzlichen Schaltungsteile stützt sich die Drossel L2 bei ihrer Entladung auf Nullpotential ab.Due to the additional circuit parts, the inductor L2 is supported on zero potential during its discharge.
Damit wird ein ausreichender Spannungshub beibehalten, der bei gleichbleibenden Tastzeiten mit + ≦ 0,5 T eine ausreichende Sinusform garantiert und die Spannung am Glättungskondensator C2 nur gering über die Netzspannung ansteigen läßt. Im Fall des Wegfalls der Diode D6 lassen sich am Kondensator C2 auch Spannungen niedriger als die Netzspannung erreichen.This maintains a sufficient voltage swing, which guarantees a sufficient sinusoidal shape with + ≦ 0.5 T and the voltage at the smoothing capacitor C2 rises only slightly above the mains voltage. If diode D6 is omitted, voltages lower than the mains voltage can also be reached at capacitor C2.
In der folgenden Bestückungsliste sind die Schaltungselemente für eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung entsprechend der Figur 2 zum Betrieb einer 36 W-Leuchtstofflampe an 220 V Wechselspannung zusammengestellt:
- GL
- : B 250, C 1000
- C1, C5
- : 47 nF
- T1 - T4
- : BUV 93
- D3 - D8
- : 1 N 4937
- R1, R3
- : 4,7 Ω
- R2
- : 1 kΩ
- R4
- : 470Ω
- L2
- :
EF 20, 2,85 mH - C2, C7
- : 4,7 »F
- C3
- : 100 nF
- D1
- : A 9903
- D2
- : 1 N 4004
- R5, R6
- : 10 Ω
- R7, R8
- : 1,5 Ω
- C4
- : 4,7 nF
- R9
- :230 kΩ
- L1
- :
EF 20, 2,3 mH - C6
- : 6,8 nF
- RK1-RK4
- : RK 13x7x5, n1 = 7 Windungen
n2-n4 = 2 Windungen
- GL
- : B 250, C 1000
- C1, C5
- : 47 nF
- T1 - T4
- : BUV 93
- D3 - D8
- : 1 N 4937
- R1, R3
- : 4.7 Ω
- R2
- : 1 kΩ
- R4
- : 470Ω
- L2
- : EF 20, 2.85 mH
- C2, C7
- : 4.7 »F
- C3
- : 100 nF
- D1
- : A 9903
- D2
- : 1 N 4004
- R5, R6
- : 10 Ω
- R7, R8
- : 1.5 Ω
- C4
- : 4.7 nF
- R9
- : 230 kΩ
- L1
- : EF 20, 2.3 mH
- C6
- : 6.8 nF
- RK1-RK4
- : RK 13x7x5, n1 = 7 turns
n2-n4 = 2 turns
Figur 3 zeigt eine der Figur 1 entsprechende Schaltungsanordnung, wobei zusätzlich ein Regelverstärker RV vorgesehen ist. Der Regelverstärker ist über den einstellbaren Widerstand R2 mit der Basis des Schalttransistors T3 verbunden. Seine Spannungsversorgung erhält der Regelverstärker RV von einer sekundären Wicklung L4, die an der Drossel L1 des Lastkreises angeschlossen ist. Außerdem ist der Regelverstärker mit dem Minuspol des Netzgleichrichters verbunden.FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement corresponding to FIG. 1, a control amplifier RV being additionally provided. The control amplifier is connected to the base of the switching transistor T3 via the adjustable resistor R2. The control amplifier RV receives its voltage supply from a secondary winding L4 which is connected to the choke L1 of the load circuit. The control amplifier is also connected to the negative pole of the mains rectifier.
Mit Hilfe des Regelverstärkers wird dem veränderbaren Widerstand R2 eine Gleichspannung zugeführt, durch die mittels des Transistors T3 die Versorgungsspannung (für den Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator) am Kondensator C2 konstant geregelt wird.With the help of the control amplifier, a variable voltage is supplied to the variable resistor R2, by means of the transistor T3 the supply voltage (for the push-pull frequency generator) on the capacitor C2 is constantly regulated.
Anstelle der Niederdruckentladungslampe kann mit den in den Figuren 1 bis 3 aufgeführten Schaltungsanordnungen auch eine Hochdruckentladungslampe, wie z.B. eine Metallhalogenid-Quecksilberhochdruckentladungslampe, betrieben werden. Abgesehen von einer gegebenenfalls benötigten Zündeinrichtung ist eine Änderung des jeweiligen Schaltungsaufbaus dafür nicht erforderlich.Instead of the low-pressure discharge lamp, a high-pressure discharge lamp, such as e.g. a metal halide high pressure mercury discharge lamp can be operated. Apart from an ignition device that may be required, a change in the respective circuit structure is not necessary for this.
Claims (13)
- Circuit arrangement for operating a load via an inductor (L1) or a transformer, consisting of a mains rectifier (GL) with an energy-storage capacitor (C1) connected in parallel thereto, and a free-running push-pull frequency generator for generating a relatively high frequency, the alternately switching transistors (T1, T2) of the push-pull frequency generator being driven by feedback using a transformer, one winding of which is part of the load circuit, and a harmonic filter in the form of a step-up converter being connected between the energy-storage capacitor (C1) and the push-pull frequency generator, which step-up converter consists of a switching transistor (T3), an inductor (L2), a diode (D5) and a smoothing capacitor (C2), characterized in that the base of the switching transistor (T3) of the step-up converter is driven by the same transformer as the transistors (T1, T2) of the push-pull frequency generator.
- Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transformer is a saturable toroidal-core transformer.
- Circuit arrangement according to Claim 2, characterized in that the drive winding (RK3) of the saturable toroidal-core transformer for the transistor (T2), of the push-pull frequency generator, connected to the zero potential simultaneously supplies the base of the switching transistor (T3) of the step-up converter.
- Circuit arrangement according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base of the switching transistor (T3) in the step-up converter is driven from the saturable toroidal-core transformer via a series-connected limiting resistor (R1) and a capacitor (C7).
- Circuit arrangement according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the base of the switching transistor (T3) is connected to the emitter via a variable resistor (R2).
- Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inductor (L2) and the diode (D5) of the step-up converter are shunted by a forward-biased diode (D6).
- Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that another switching transistor (T4) is connected, with its collector-emitter path forward biased, in series with the mains rectifier (GL) upstream of the step-up converter, the base of this switching transistor (T4) likewise being driven by the same transformer as the transistors (T1, T2) of the push-pull frequency generator.
- Circuit arrangement according to Claims 2 and 7, characterized in that the base of the additional switching transistor (T4) is connected to the emitter of the same switching transistor (T4) via a limiting resistor (R3) and a drive winding (RK4) of the saturable toroidal-core transformer.
- Circuit arrangement according to Claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the cathode of a diode (D8) is connected to the connection point of the base and the emitter of the additional switching transistor (T4), the anode of which diode is connected to the negative pole of the mains rectifier (GL).
- Circuit arrangement according to Claim 7, characterized in that the collector-emitter path of the additional switching transistor (T4) is shunted by a reverse-biased diode (D7).
- Circuit arrangement according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a control amplifier (RV) is provided for supplying a DC voltage to the base of the switching transistor (T3) via the variable resistor (R2).
- Circuit arrangement according to Claim 11, characterized in that the control amplifier (RV) receives its control signal and its supply voltage from a secondary winding (L4) which is attached to the inductor (L1) in the load circuit, to the saturable toroidal-core transformer or to the inductor of the step-up converter.
- Circuit arrangement according to Claim 11, characterized in that the control amplifier (RV) receives its control signal and its supply voltage via a DC-isolated transformer from the centre tap of the push-pull frequency generator.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3829388A DE3829388A1 (en) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR OPERATING A LOAD |
| DE3829388 | 1988-08-30 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0356818A2 EP0356818A2 (en) | 1990-03-07 |
| EP0356818A3 EP0356818A3 (en) | 1991-09-18 |
| EP0356818B1 true EP0356818B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 |
Family
ID=6361886
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89115183A Expired - Lifetime EP0356818B1 (en) | 1988-08-30 | 1989-08-17 | Circuitry for driving a load |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4959591A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0356818B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3829388A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0422255B1 (en) * | 1989-10-09 | 1994-03-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electronic ballast |
| US5426344B1 (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1996-12-31 | Ultralite International Pty Li | Electronic ballasts |
| US5138235A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-08-11 | Gte Products Corporation | Starting and operating circuit for arc discharge lamp |
| US5150013A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1992-09-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Power converter employing a multivibrator-inverter |
| EP0589081B1 (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1997-01-15 | Knobel Ag Lichttechnische Komponenten | Circuit for operating a fluorescent lamp with a current measuring circuit |
| JPH06215886A (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1994-08-05 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Power supply device |
| US5440475A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1995-08-08 | Energy Savings, Inc. | Electronic Ballast with low harmonic distortion |
| DE9318071U1 (en) * | 1993-11-25 | 1995-03-23 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 81543 München | Circuit arrangement for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp on a low-voltage voltage source |
| DE4410492A1 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-09-28 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Circuit arrangement for operating low-pressure discharge lamps |
| FI96734C (en) * | 1994-11-22 | 1996-08-12 | Helvar Oy | Interference filter for a discharge lamp's electronic connection device |
| DE19728295A1 (en) * | 1997-07-03 | 1999-01-07 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Half-bridge control without collector bias current peak |
| US5998941A (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 1999-12-07 | Parra; Jorge M. | Low-voltage high-efficiency fluorescent signage, particularly exit sign |
| US6034485A (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 2000-03-07 | Parra; Jorge M. | Low-voltage non-thermionic ballast-free energy-efficient light-producing gas discharge system and method |
| US6300722B1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 2001-10-09 | Jorge M. Parra | Non-thermionic ballast-free energy-efficient light-producing gas discharge system and method |
| DE19905487A1 (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2000-08-31 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Circuit arrangement for operating at least one low-pressure discharge lamp |
| US6465971B1 (en) | 1999-06-02 | 2002-10-15 | Jorge M. Parra | Plastic “trofer” and fluorescent lighting system |
| US6411041B1 (en) | 1999-06-02 | 2002-06-25 | Jorge M. Parra | Non-thermionic fluorescent lamps and lighting systems |
| EP1104980A1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-06 | Mass Technology (H.K.) Ltd. | Electronic ballast for a fluorescent lamp |
| US6936973B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2005-08-30 | Jorge M. Parra, Sr. | Self-oscillating constant-current gas discharge device lamp driver and method |
| DE10343275A1 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-05-12 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Circuit arrangement for generating AC voltage from a DC voltage |
| DE102005058484A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-14 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Circuit arrangement and method for operating at least one LED |
| GB2459542B (en) * | 2008-05-03 | 2010-05-26 | David John Powell | Electrical power supply arrangement |
| JP5835663B2 (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2015-12-24 | 東芝ライテック株式会社 | Lighting power supply and lighting device |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3913002A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1975-10-14 | Gen Electric | Power circuits for obtaining a high power factor electronically |
| FR2416617A1 (en) * | 1978-02-07 | 1979-08-31 | Signaux Entr Electriques | CONVERTER FOR THE POWER SUPPLY OF DISCHARGE LAMPS, AND MORE GENERALLY OF ARC LAMPS, AND ITS APPLICATION TO PROJECTORS FOR SUCH LAMPS |
| DE2825708B2 (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1980-06-26 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Circuit arrangement for reducing harmonics in the alternating current in the case of direct current consumers that are fed from the alternating current network |
| AT374653B (en) * | 1981-09-11 | 1984-05-25 | Zumtobel Ag | ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT FOR A FLUORESCENT OR GAS DISCHARGE TUBE WITH A RECTIFIER AND AN ACTIVE HARMONIC FILTER |
| US4533986A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1985-08-06 | General Electric Company | Compact electrical power supply for signal processing applications |
| DE3611611A1 (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1987-10-08 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY OPERATION OF A LOW-PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP |
| NL8800015A (en) * | 1988-01-06 | 1989-08-01 | Philips Nv | ELECTRICAL DEVICE FOR IGNITION AND POWERING A GAS DISCHARGE LAMP. |
-
1988
- 1988-08-30 DE DE3829388A patent/DE3829388A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-08-02 US US07/388,642 patent/US4959591A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-17 DE DE58909282T patent/DE58909282D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-17 EP EP89115183A patent/EP0356818B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0356818A3 (en) | 1991-09-18 |
| DE3829388A1 (en) | 1990-03-01 |
| US4959591A (en) | 1990-09-25 |
| EP0356818A2 (en) | 1990-03-07 |
| DE58909282D1 (en) | 1995-07-13 |
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