EP0356735B1 - Wärmeaustauscher - Google Patents

Wärmeaustauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0356735B1
EP0356735B1 EP89114127A EP89114127A EP0356735B1 EP 0356735 B1 EP0356735 B1 EP 0356735B1 EP 89114127 A EP89114127 A EP 89114127A EP 89114127 A EP89114127 A EP 89114127A EP 0356735 B1 EP0356735 B1 EP 0356735B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cartridge
flow
heat exchanger
thermally conductive
exchanger according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89114127A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0356735A1 (de
Inventor
Nicholas Julian Jan Francis Macphail
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT89114127T priority Critical patent/ATE90445T1/de
Publication of EP0356735A1 publication Critical patent/EP0356735A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0356735B1 publication Critical patent/EP0356735B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heat exchanger in a boiler adapted to heat water comprising the features of the precharacterising part of claim 1.
  • Such a heat exchanger is known from GB-A-2 199 647.
  • Such a heat exchanger comprises a flow passage for a first fluid medium such as hot gas, and a flow passage for a second fluid medium such as water, the flow passages being separated by a thermally conductive wall structure. It is common to employ in heat exchangers some method of increasing the effective surface area of the wall structure, in at least one of the flow passages, in order to obtain a high rate of transfer of heat energy between the media.
  • fins or baffles may be provided on the inside of a generally tubular water jacket, in the region which is exposed to the product of combustion of a liquid, solid or gaseous fuel, thus effectively increasing the surface area of the water jacket exposed to the combustion products and, in turn, transferring heat energy in an efficient manner to water within the water jacket.
  • the fins or baffles may also create turbulence in the flow of combustion products.
  • the provision of such fins is relatively expensive, and demands complex and accurate assembly procedures, while baffles produce a high gas flow resistance or low efficiency.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an improved heat exchanger in which the draw-backs and disadvantages of the prior art are obviated or reduced.
  • a heat exchanger in a boiler adapted to heat water comprising means defining a flow passage for a first fluid medium, means defining a flow passage for a second fluid medium, a thermally conductive wall structure separating the said flow passages and, in at least one of said flow passages means to make the flow of fluid through the flow passage a turbulent flow, wherein said turbulent flow making means form part of a cartridge or are carried in a cartridge which is readily removable from said flow passage, the cartridge establishing thermal contact with said thermally conductive wall.
  • the cartridge may define a hollow element which contains a plurality of thermally conductive turbulators, and at least some of the turbulators may contact the thermally conductive wall through apertures formed in a side wall of the cartridge.
  • the apertures formed in the side wall of the cartridge are constituted by apertures formed in a mesh which forms the side wall of the cartridge.
  • the turbulators are thermally conductive ring or tubular elements.
  • the cartridge supports one or more element formed of conductive material which present an irregular or discontinuous surface to the medium flowing in the flow passage in which the cartridge is located, to constitute the means to make the flow of fluid a turbulent flow and which also make thermal contact with said thermally conductive wall.
  • the cartridge supports one or more panels which are provided with metallic sheets which are slit and deformed, constituting said elements.
  • the sheets comprise sheets of expanded metal.
  • the cartridge supports one or more bats or mats of metal wire or fibre, the metal being deformed or crushed, parts of the or each metal bat or mat establishing thermal contact with the thermally conductive wall.
  • the cartridge includes a portion adapted to substantially seal the flow passage, apart from one or more predetermined flow paths, the means to make the flow of fluid through the flow passage a turbulent flow being located within the region of said flow path or flow paths.
  • a boiler 1 is in the form of a domestic hot water boiler.
  • the boiler has an outer casing 2.
  • a water jacket 3 Contained within the casing is a water jacket 3 having an open hollow interior 4, which is square in horizontal cross-section.
  • a water inlet connection 5 is provided at the bottom of the water jacket, the water outlet connection 6 is provided at the top of the water jacket.
  • the lower open end of the water jacket is sealed by means of a ceramic felt pad 7.
  • the upper end of the water jacket 4 is substantially closed by means of a cover 8 which has a removable inspection hatch 9 and which has a gas outlet 10 which can extend to a flue connection 11.
  • a fuel burner assembly 12 is provided adapted to direct a flame 13 into the hollow interior 4 of the water jacket.
  • a cartridge 14, as illustrated in Figure 3, is inserted within the water jacket.
  • Mounting brackets 19 are provided within the interior of the boiler upon which the cartridge 14 rests to locate the cartridge in position.
  • the cartridge 14 comprises a central substantially rectangular plate 20 provided with a handle 21, opposed side edges of the plate supporting two substantially vertical tubular elements 22,23 each of generally rectangular form when viewed from above, each having an outer face 24 formed of a mesh or the like.
  • the lower end of each tubular element is effectively closed by a mesh 25 or the like, the tops of the tubular elements 22,23, as indicated at 26 being open.
  • the walls 27 of the tubular elements 22,23 secured to the central plate 20 are substantially solid.
  • the cartridge 14 is adapted to be snugly received within the water jacket 3, with the outer mesh faces 24 thereof located adjacent two opposed inner walls of the water jacket 3.
  • the overall cross-section of the cartridge 14, when viewed from above, is the same as the cross-section of the hollow interior 4 of the water jacket 3.
  • the plate 20 substantially seals the interior 4 of the water jacket 3, thus causing combustion products from the flame 13 to flow through the flow passages 15,16 which are defined by the tubular elements 22,23.
  • turbulators Contained within the tubular elements 22,23 are a plurality of turbulators comprising elements formed of a material having a good thermal conductivity, such as metal.
  • the turbulators may comprise ring-like elements or may be formed from shapes other than rings, for example spheres, hollow extrusions, springs, spirals, apertured tubes or other non-settling loose elements.
  • the arrangement is such that when the cartridge is inserted in the boiler the elements project through the mesh face 24 to contact the interior wall of the water jacket 3. While the elements may be loosely packed in position, they may alternatively be in a random position but be fixed in position, for example by solder or the like. The elements may be soldered in position by a hot dip process.
  • the water jacket 3 forms a flow passage for a first fluid medium, in the form of the combustion products generated by the flame 13, and a flow passage for a second fluid medium, in the form of water, constituted by the parts of the water jacket interconnected by the water inlet 5 and the water outlet 6.
  • the material of the inner face of the water jacket 3 constitutes a thermally conductive wall structure of the heat exchanger.
  • FIG 4 is an enlarged view illustrating a plurality of tubular turbulator elements 28, (as present within the cartridge 14) which may be formed from copper tube.
  • the turbulator elements Preferably have a length which is substantially equal to their diameter. It can be seen that the turbulator elements are in a random disposition and thus form a convoluted flow path for the combustion products. Combustion products flowing through the tubular portions 22,23 of the cartridge 14 are thus constrained to flow in a turbulent and non-linear manner. It can be seen that some of the turbulators 28 project through the mesh 24 and contact the wall 29 of the water jacket 3 thus ensuring that heat is firstly absorbed by the turbulators 28 from the combustion products, and is then transferred by conduction to the wall 29 of the water jacket.
  • the entire cartridge 14 can readily be removed from the boiler in a simple operation.
  • the turbulator elements, if loose, are retained within the cartridge, which can thus be handled as a single entity in an easy and straight forward manner.
  • the turbulator elements are replaced by a bat or mat of metal wires or fibres, which may be deformed or crushed to be in a totally random array.
  • a plate corresponding to the plate 20 exerts outward pressure against vertically extending elements which contact the inner walls of the water jacket, the elements each being formed of one or more sheets of metal which are bent, dimpled, folded, and/or slit to form a convoluted flow path for the combustion products generated by the flame, whilst being of such a form that the sheet or sheets each contact the water jacket at a plurality of spaced apart points.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a modified embodiment of the invention wherein not only the outer face 24 of the tubular element 22 or 23 of the cartridge is formed of a mesh, but also the inner face 27.
  • the turbulator elements 28, however, perform the same function as described above.
  • the turbulator elements are made of metal, in the form of short lengths of tube, and are thus subject to thermal expansion when exposed to hight temperature combustion products. As the elements cool, when the boiler is switched off, for example, the elements contract thus enabling the elements to settle. On subsequent expansion of the elements very severe forces are applied to the walls of the passage in which the elements are held. This cycle of events can repeat until the walls of the passage are significantly damaged.
  • the turbulator elements may be fixed in position, by soldering or some other convenient way.
  • the embodiments of the invention to be described with reference to Figures 6 and 7 of the invention do not suffer from this particular disadvantage.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a cartridge 34 which is intended for use in a manner similar to that described in connection with the cartridge 14.
  • the cartridge 34 comprises a central sheet 35 adapted substantially to seal the hollow interior 4 of a water jacket 3 within a domestic boiler 1.
  • Mounted at two opposed side edges of the central sheet 35 are two upstanding panels 36. At their upper edges the upstanding panels 36 are interconnected by resilient elements 37 which serve to bias the panels apart.
  • Each panel 36 has an exterior face which is formed from a metal sheet 38 which is deformed to provide a convoluted flow path for combustion products, and which also provides a plurality of projecting points or surfaces which can contact an interior wall 29 of a water jacket 3.
  • each panel 36 may be formed from a sheet of expanded metal, or metal which has been otherwise slit and deformed to provide a plurality of discrete areas at different relative angular positions, the sheet also presenting a plurality of points or edges which are directed outwardly so as to be able to come into contact with the wall 29 of a water jacket 3.
  • the cartridge 34 can easily be lifted out of the boiler when it is desired to service or clean the boiler.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a further form of water heater 40 having an outer casing 41 of generally rectangular form.
  • a core 42 which is hollow and which is adapted to receive a flow of water.
  • a water inlet 43 is provided on the exterior of the casing leading to an injector tube 44 within the hollow core 42.
  • a water outlet 45 is also present on the exterior of the casing and the arrangement is such that water injected through the water inlet 43 passes through the injector tube 44 into the hollow interior of a core 42 and then leaves the core through the outlet 45.
  • a burner tube 46 Contained within the casing 41 beneath the core 42 is a burner tube 46 which is supplied with gas, which burns as flames 47.
  • a cartridge 47 having an operative part formed from two superimposed sheets of expanded metal.
  • a single sheet of expanded metal may be used, or three or more superimposed sheets.
  • Portions of the expanded metal are deflected outwardly, so that these portions engage the interior of the casing 41 and also engage the exterior of the core 42.
  • the exterior of the cartridge 47 is forced into contact with the exterior of the core 42.
  • combustion products from the flame 47 pass upwardly past the first cartridge 47 across the top of the core and then downwardly past the second cartridge 48 before emerging through a flue gas outlet 49 as indicated by the arrows 50.
  • a condensate outlet 51 may be provided communicating with the interior of the casing 41 at a position beneath the second cartridge 48.
  • heat will be absorbed by both cartridges from the flue gas.
  • the heat absorbed from the second cartridge 48 may consist at least partly of the latent heat of any moisture present initially in the flue gases in the form of steam. It is for this reason that the condensate outlet 51 is provided. If this latent heat can be retrieved, the boiler will operate in a very efficient manner.
  • cartridges may be removed from the boiler in an easy way when the boiler is to be serviced or cleaned. Also the cartridges may be easily manufactured. Whilst the invention has been described with reference to cartridges made from expanded metal, it is to be appreciated that cartridges, especially for use in the embodiment of Figure 7, may simply be formed from sheets of metal which are dimpled or otherwise deformed to provide at least point contact with the exterior of the core 42 and to provide means projecting into the flow path of combustion products in order to cause the combustion products to flow in a turbulent manner, rather than in a linear or laminar-type flow. Alternatively, the cartridges may carry panels which support bats or mats of metal wire or fibres, which may be deformed or crumpled.

Claims (9)

  1. Wärmeaustauscher in einem Heizkessel zur Erwärmung von Wasser, umfassend Mittel (3, 30, 41), die einen Strömungsdurchgang für ein erstes Strömungsmedium festlegen, Mittel (4, 32, 42), die einen Strömungsdurchgang für ein zweites Strömungsmedium festlegen, einen thermisch leitenden Wandaufbau, der die besagten Strömungsdurchgänge trennt, und in wenigstens einem der beiden Strömungsdurchgänge Mittel (28, 38, 47, 48), um die Strömung durch den Strömungsdurchgang turbulent zu machen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagten, die Strömung turbulent machenden Mittel (28, 38, 47, 48) einen Teil eines Trägerteiles (34, 47, 48) bilden oder in einem Trägerteil (14) sitzen, das leicht aus dem besagten Strömungsdurchgang entfernbar ist, wobei das Trägerteil eine thermische Verbindung mit der besagten, thermisch leitenden Wand herstellt,
  2. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trägerteil (14) ein hohles Element (22, 23) festlegt, das eine Vielzahl von thermisch leitenden, losen Turbulatoren (28) enthält.
  3. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens einige der Turbulatoren (20) die thermisch leitende Wand durch in einer Seitenwand (24) des Trägerteils (14) ausgebildete Öffnungen berühren.
  4. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Seitenwand des Trägerteils (14) ausgebildeten Öffnungen durch in einem Gitter (24) ausgebildete Öffnungen gebildet werden, welches die Seitenwand des Trägerteils bildet.
  5. Wärmeaustauscher nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Turbulatoren (28) thermisch leitende ring- oder rohrförmige Elemente sind.
  6. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trägerteil ein oder mehrere, aus leitendem Material bestehende Elemente (36) hat, die eine unregelmäßige oder unterbrochene Oberfläche gegenüber dem in dem Strömungsdurchgang, in dem sich das Trägerteil (34, 47, 48) befindet, strömenden Medium, darstellen, um die Mittel zu bilden, die die Strömung turbulent machen und die auch die thermische Verbindung mit der besagten, thermisch leitenden Wand herstellen.
  7. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trägerteil (34) eine oder mehrere Tafeln (36) hat, die mit Metallstreifen (38) versehen sind, welche geschlitzt und verformt sind und die besagten Elemente bilden.
  8. Wärmeaustauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trägerteil eine oder mehrere Flächen oder Matten aus Metalldraht oder -faser trägt, wobei das Metall verformt oder zerdrückt ist und Teile der oder jeder Metallfläche oder -matte thermischen Kontakt mit der thermisch leitenden Wand herstellen.
  9. Wärmeaustauscher nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trägerteil (14, 34) einen Anschnitt (20, 35) einschließt, der dazu bestimmt ist, den Strömungsdurchgang (4) im wesentlichen abzudichten, getrennt von einem oder mehreren vorbestimmten Strömungswegen (17, 18, 39), wobei die Mittel (28), um die Strömung durch den Strömungsdurchgang turbulent zu machen, innerhalb des Gebiets des besagten Strömungswegs oder der besagten Strömungswege angeordnet sind.
EP89114127A 1988-08-11 1989-07-31 Wärmeaustauscher Expired - Lifetime EP0356735B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89114127T ATE90445T1 (de) 1988-08-11 1989-07-31 Waermeaustauscher.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8819046 1988-08-11
GB888819046A GB8819046D0 (en) 1988-08-11 1988-08-11 Improvements in heat exchangers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0356735A1 EP0356735A1 (de) 1990-03-07
EP0356735B1 true EP0356735B1 (de) 1993-06-09

Family

ID=10641930

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89114127A Expired - Lifetime EP0356735B1 (de) 1988-08-11 1989-07-31 Wärmeaustauscher

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0356735B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE90445T1 (de)
DE (1) DE68906990D1 (de)
GB (1) GB8819046D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2261056B (en) * 1991-10-18 1995-10-11 Nicholas Julian Jan F Macphail Improvements in or relating to boilers

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551512A1 (de) * 1967-06-22 1970-05-21 Roland Soelch Waermeaustauscher
US3921711A (en) * 1972-05-30 1975-11-25 American Standard Inc Turbulator
FR2238909A1 (en) * 1973-07-26 1975-02-21 Pertsev Leonid Plate heat exchanger with turbulence producing inserts - of spiral entwined wires also serving as spacers
GB2065288B (en) * 1979-11-28 1984-07-04 Midland Wire Cordage Co Ltd Turbulators
FR2514475A1 (fr) * 1981-10-08 1983-04-15 Bonnet Claude Chaudiere de petite puissance pour installations de chauffage
GB2165349B (en) * 1984-10-04 1988-09-21 British Gas Plc Apparatus for providing space heating in a dwelling
GB2199647B (en) * 1987-01-07 1991-05-15 Nicholas Julian Jan F Macphail Improvements in heat exchangers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0356735A1 (de) 1990-03-07
GB8819046D0 (en) 1988-09-14
DE68906990D1 (de) 1993-07-15
ATE90445T1 (de) 1993-06-15

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