EP0356735A1 - Wärmeaustauscher - Google Patents

Wärmeaustauscher Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0356735A1
EP0356735A1 EP89114127A EP89114127A EP0356735A1 EP 0356735 A1 EP0356735 A1 EP 0356735A1 EP 89114127 A EP89114127 A EP 89114127A EP 89114127 A EP89114127 A EP 89114127A EP 0356735 A1 EP0356735 A1 EP 0356735A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cartridge
flow
heat exchanger
exchanger according
flow passage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89114127A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0356735B1 (de
Inventor
Nicholas Julian Jan Francis Macphail
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT89114127T priority Critical patent/ATE90445T1/de
Publication of EP0356735A1 publication Critical patent/EP0356735A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0356735B1 publication Critical patent/EP0356735B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation

Definitions

  • a typical heat exchanger comprises a flow pass­age for a first fluid medium and a flow passage for a second fluid medium, the flow passages being separated by a thermally conductive wall structure. It is common to employ in heat exchangers some method of increasing the effective surface area of the wall structure, in at least one of the flow passages, in order to obtain a high rate of transfer of heat energy between the media.
  • fins or baffles may be provided on the inside of a generally tubular water jacket, in the region which is exposed to the product of combustion of a liquid, solid or gaseous fuel, thus effectively increasing the surface area of the water jacket exposed to the combustion prod­ucts and, in turn, transferring heat energy in an efficient manner to water within the water jacket.
  • the fins or baffles may also create turbulence in the flow of combustion products.
  • the provision of such fins is relatively expensive, and demands complex and accurate assembly procedures, while baffles produce a high gas flow resistance or low efficiency.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an im­proved heat exchanger in which the draw-backs and dis­ advantages of the prior art are obviated or reduced.
  • a heat exchanger comprising means defining a flow passage for a first fluid medium, means defining a flow passage for a second fluid medium, a thermally conductive wall structure separating the said flow passages and, in at least one of said flow passages, a cartridge, the cart­ridge presenting means to make the flow of fluid through the flow passage a turbulent flow, and the cartridge establishing thermal contact with said thermally con­ductive wall.
  • the cartridge may contain a plurality of therm­ally conductive turbulators, and at least some of the turbulators may contact the thermally conductive wall through apertures formed in a side wall of the cart­ridge.
  • the apertures formed in the side wall of the cartridge are constituted by apertures formed in a mesh which forms the side wall of the cart­ridge.
  • the turbulators are thermally conductive ring or tubular elements.
  • the cartridge supports one or more elements formed of conductive material which present an irregular or discontinuous surface to the medium flowing in the flow passage in which the cart­ridge is located, to constitute the means to make the flow of fluid a turbulent flow and which also make thermal contact with said thermally conductive wall.
  • the cartridge supports panels which are provided with metallic sheets which are slit and de­ formed, constituting said elements.
  • the sheets comprise sheets of ex­panded metal.
  • the cartridge supports one or more bats or mats of metal wire or fibre, the metal being de­formed or crushed, parts of the or each metal bat or mat establishing thermal contact with the thermally con­ductive wall.
  • the cartridge is readily remov­able from the flow passage for the relevant medium.
  • the cartridge includes a portion adapted to substantially seal the flow passage, apart from one or more predetermined flow paths, the means to make the flow of fluid through the flow passage a turbu­lent flow being located within the region of said flow path or flow paths.
  • a boiler 1 is in the form of a domestic hot water boiler.
  • the boiler has an outer cas­ing 2.
  • Contained within the casing is a water jacket 3 having an open hollow interior 4, which is square in horizontal cross-section.
  • a water inlet connection 5 is provided at the bottom of the water jacket, the water outlet connection 6 is provided at the top of the water jacket.
  • the lower open end of the water jacket is sealed by means of a ceramic felt pad 7.
  • the upper end of the water jacket 4 is substantially closed by means of a cover 8 which has a removable inspection hatch 9 and which has a gas outlet 10 which can extend to a flue connection 11.
  • a fuel burner assembly 12 is provided adapted to direct a flame 13 into the hollow interior 4 of the water jacket.
  • a cartridge 14, as illustrated in Fig­ure 3, is inserted within the water jacket.
  • Mounting brackets 19 are provided within the interior of the boiler upon which the cartridge 14 rests to locate the cartridge in position.
  • the cartridge 14 comprises a central substantially rect­angular plate 20 provided with a handle 21, opposed side edges of the plate supporting two substantially vertical tubular elements 22,23 each of generally rectangular form when viewed from above, each having an outer face 24 formed of a mesh or the like.
  • the lower end of each tubular element is effectively closed by a mesh 25 or the like, the tops of the tubular elements 22,23, as indicated at 25,26 being open.
  • the walls 27 of the tubular elements 22,23 secured to the central plate 20 are substantially solid.
  • the cartridge 14 is adapted to be snuggly received within the water jacket 3, with the outer mesh faces 24 thereof located adjacent two opposed inner walls of the water jacket 3.
  • the overall cross-section of the cart­ridge 14, when viewed from above, is the same as the cross-section of the hollow interior 4 of the water jacket 3.
  • the plate 20 substantially seals the in­terior 4 of the water jacket 3, thus causing combustion products from the flame 13 to flow through the flow passages 15,16 which are defined by the tubular ele­ments 22,23.
  • turbulators Contained within the tubular elements 22,23 are a plurality of turbulators comprising elements formed of a material having a good thermal conductivity, such as metal.
  • the turbulators may comprise ring-like elements or may be formed from shapes other than rings, for example spheres, hollow extrusions, springs, spirals, apertured tubes or other non-settling loose elements.
  • the arrangement is such that when the cart­ridge is inserted in the boiler the elements project through the mesh face 24 to contact the interior wall of the water jacket 3. While the elements may be loosely packed in position, they may alternatively be in a random position but be fixed in position, for example by solder or the like. The elements may be soldered in position by a hot dip process.
  • the water jacket 3 forms a flow passage for a first fluid medium, in the form of the combustion products generated by the flame 13, and a flow passage for a second fluid medium, in the form of water, con­stituted by the parts of the water jacket interconnected by the water inlet 5 and the water outlet 6.
  • the mat­erial of the inner face of the water jacket 3 consti­tutes a thermally conductive wall structure of the heat exchanger.
  • FIG 4 is an enlarged view illustrating a plurality of tubular turbulator elements 28, (as pre­sent within the cartridge 14) which may be formed from copper tube.
  • the turbulator elements Preferably have a length which is substantially equal to their diameter. It can be seen that the turbulator elements are in a random disposition and thus form a convoluted flow path for the combustion products. Combustion products flow­ing through the tubular portions 22,23 of the cart­ridge 14 are thus constrained to flow in a turbulent and non-linear manner.
  • the entire cartridge 14 can readily be removed from the boiler in a simple operation.
  • the turbulator elements, if loose, are retained within the cartridge, which can thus be handled as a single entity in an easy and straight forward manner.
  • the turbulator elements are replaced by a bat or mat of metal wires or fibres, which may be deformed or crushed to be in a totally random array.
  • a plate corresponding to the plate 20 exerts outward pressure against vertically ex­tending elements which contact the inner walls of the water jacket, the elements each being formed of one or more sheets of metal which are bent, dimpled, folded, and/or slit to form a convoluted flow path for the com­bustion products generated by the flame, whilst being of such a form that the sheet or sheets each contact the water jacket at a plurality of spaced apart points.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a modified embodiment of the invention wherein not only the outer face 24 of the tubular element 22 or 23 of the cartridge is formed of a mesh, but also the inner face 27.
  • the turbulator ele­ments 28, however, perform the same function as des­cribed above. Whilst this arrangement may be used in a boiler as described above, the arrangement may also be used in other forms of heat exchanger, such as a motor vehicle heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates, schematically, such a motor vehicle heat exchanger in the form of a so-called radiator.
  • the radiator includes an assembly 30, formed of tubes, through which water from an internal com­bustion engine cooling system flows.
  • Two cartridges 31 are illustrated each effectively comprising a cage formed of mesh, to be mounted one on each side of the tubular assembly 30.
  • Each cartridge is to contain a plurality of turbulators of the type described above, and it will be appreciated that the turbulators will project through the mesh into contact with the tubular assembly 30. Air may flow through the entire radiator as indicated by the arrow 32.
  • FIG. 7 is an exploded view illustrating two further cartridges 33 each of generally semi-circular form and each formed of mesh, which can be located to surround a cylinder of an internal combustion engine which is to be air-cooled. It is to be appreciated that the cartridges 33 will again be filled with turbulator elements as described above which may project through the inner mesh wall of the cartridge in order to contact an external surface of the wall defining the cylinder to be cooled. Again air will flow through the cartridges, in a turbulent manner, extracting heat from the turbu­lator elements.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a cartridge 34 which is intended for use in a manner similar to that described in connection with the cartridge 14.
  • the cartridge 34 comprises a central sheet 35 adapted substantially to seal the hollow interior 4 of a water jacket 3 within a domestic boiler 1.
  • Mounted at two opposed side edges of the central sheet 35 are two upstanding panels 36. At their upper edges the upstanding panels 36 are inter­connected by resilient elements 37 which serve to bias the panels apart.
  • Each panel 36 has an exterior face which is formed from a metal sheet 38 which is deformed to provide a convoluted flow path for combustion prod­ucts, and which also provides a plurality of projecting points or surfaces which can contact an interior wall 29 of a water jacket 3.
  • each panel 36 may be formed from a sheet of expanded metal, or metal which has been otherwise slit and de­formed to provide a plurality of discrete areas at different relative angular positions, the sheet also presenting a plurality of points or edges which are directed outwardly so as to be able to come into contact with the wall 29 of a water jacket 3.
  • the cart­ridge 34 can easily be lifted out of the boiler when it is desired to service or clean the boiler.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a further form of water heater 40 having an outer casing 41 of generally rect­ angular form.
  • a core 42 which is hollow and which is adapted to receive a flow of water.
  • a water inlet 43 is provided on the exterior of the casing leading to an injector tube 44 within the hollow core 42.
  • a water outlet 45 is also present on the exterior of the casing and the arrange­ment is such that water injected through the water in­let 43 passes through the injector tube 44 into the hollow interior of a core 42 and then leaves the core through the outlet 45.
  • a burner tube 46 Contained within the casing 41 beneath the core 42 is a burner tube 46 which is supplied with gas, which burns as flames 47.
  • a cartridge 47 having an operative part formed from two superimposed sheets of expanded metal.
  • a single sheet of expanded metal may be used, or three or more superimposed sheets.
  • Portions of the expanded metal are deflected outwardly, so that these portions engage the interior of the cas­ing 41 and also engage the exterior of the core 42.
  • the exterior of the cartridge 47 is forced into contact with the exterior of the core 42.
  • combustion prod­ucts from the flame 47 pass upwardly past the first cartridge 47 across the top of the core and then down­wardly past the second cartridge 48 before emerging through a flue gas outlet 49 as indicated by the arrows 50.
  • a condensate outlet 51 may be provided com­municating with the interior of the casing 41 at a pos­ition beneath the second cartridge 48.
  • heat will be ab­sorbed by both cartridges from the flue gas.
  • the heat absorbed from the second cartridge 48 may consist at least partly of the latent heat of any moisture present initially in the flue gases in the form of steam. It is for this reason that the condensate outlet 51 is pro­vided. If this latent heat can be retrieved, the boiler will operate in a very efficient manner.
  • the cartridges may be removed from the boiler in an easy way when the boiler is to be serviced or cleaned. Also the cartridges may be easily manu­factured.
  • Figure 10 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in the form of a heat exchanger which may be used for a gas fired boiler or a car radiator.
  • the first flow passage comprises a plurality of portions of conduit 60,61,62.
  • the first flow passage may carry water which, in the case of a boiler is to be heated and in the case of a vehicle radiator is to be cooled.
  • a plurality of sheets of expanded metal 63 are provided which are adapted to be located on either side of the lengths of con­duit 60,61,62.
  • the sheets 63 are intended to "sandwich" the portions of conduit and thus the sheets 63 are pro­vided with arcuate deformed regions 64 having radiuses of curvature broadly equivalent to the radius of each of the conduits 60,61,62.
  • the sheets of expanded metal may be mechanically pressed into engagement with the conduit portion 60,61,62 and may be clamped or even soldered into position.
  • the elements of expanded metal 63 pro­vide a convoluted flow path for any gas passing through the sheets of expanded metal. In the case of a motor vehicle radiator the gas may pass through the expanded metal in the direction indicated by the arrows 65 where­ as in the case of a gas boiler the gas may flow in the direction indicated by the arrow 66. In either case the flow of fluid through the conduits 60,61,62 is indicated by the arrows 67.
  • cartridges especially for use in the embodiment of Figure 9, may simply be formed from sheets of metal which are dimpled or otherwise deformed to provide at least point contact with the exterior of the core 42 and to provide means projecting into the flow path of combustion products in order to cause the combustion products to flow in a turbulent manner, rather than in a linear or laminar-type flow.
  • the cartridges may carry panels which support bats or mats of metal wire or fibres, which may be de­formed or crumpled.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP89114127A 1988-08-11 1989-07-31 Wärmeaustauscher Expired - Lifetime EP0356735B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89114127T ATE90445T1 (de) 1988-08-11 1989-07-31 Waermeaustauscher.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8819046 1988-08-11
GB888819046A GB8819046D0 (en) 1988-08-11 1988-08-11 Improvements in heat exchangers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0356735A1 true EP0356735A1 (de) 1990-03-07
EP0356735B1 EP0356735B1 (de) 1993-06-09

Family

ID=10641930

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89114127A Expired - Lifetime EP0356735B1 (de) 1988-08-11 1989-07-31 Wärmeaustauscher

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0356735B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE90445T1 (de)
DE (1) DE68906990D1 (de)
GB (1) GB8819046D0 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2261056A (en) * 1991-10-18 1993-05-05 Nicholas Julian Jan F Macphail Boilers

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551512A1 (de) * 1967-06-22 1970-05-21 Roland Soelch Waermeaustauscher
FR2238909A1 (en) * 1973-07-26 1975-02-21 Pertsev Leonid Plate heat exchanger with turbulence producing inserts - of spiral entwined wires also serving as spacers
US3921711A (en) * 1972-05-30 1975-11-25 American Standard Inc Turbulator
GB2065288A (en) * 1979-11-28 1981-06-24 Midland Wire Cordage Co Ltd Turbulators
FR2514475A1 (fr) * 1981-10-08 1983-04-15 Bonnet Claude Chaudiere de petite puissance pour installations de chauffage
GB2165349A (en) * 1984-10-04 1986-04-09 British Gas Corp Space heating apparatus
GB2199647A (en) * 1987-01-07 1988-07-13 Nicholas Julian Jan F Macphail Heat exchangers

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551512A1 (de) * 1967-06-22 1970-05-21 Roland Soelch Waermeaustauscher
US3921711A (en) * 1972-05-30 1975-11-25 American Standard Inc Turbulator
FR2238909A1 (en) * 1973-07-26 1975-02-21 Pertsev Leonid Plate heat exchanger with turbulence producing inserts - of spiral entwined wires also serving as spacers
GB2065288A (en) * 1979-11-28 1981-06-24 Midland Wire Cordage Co Ltd Turbulators
FR2514475A1 (fr) * 1981-10-08 1983-04-15 Bonnet Claude Chaudiere de petite puissance pour installations de chauffage
GB2165349A (en) * 1984-10-04 1986-04-09 British Gas Corp Space heating apparatus
GB2199647A (en) * 1987-01-07 1988-07-13 Nicholas Julian Jan F Macphail Heat exchangers

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2261056A (en) * 1991-10-18 1993-05-05 Nicholas Julian Jan F Macphail Boilers
GB2261056B (en) * 1991-10-18 1995-10-11 Nicholas Julian Jan F Macphail Improvements in or relating to boilers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8819046D0 (en) 1988-09-14
EP0356735B1 (de) 1993-06-09
DE68906990D1 (de) 1993-07-15
ATE90445T1 (de) 1993-06-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5238057A (en) Finned-tube heat exchanger
US3809061A (en) Heat exchanger and fluid heater
EP1996891B1 (de) Wärmetauscher für agr-gas
US20110185985A1 (en) Fluid heating apparatus
US11408686B2 (en) Heat exchanger
US4901677A (en) Finned-tube heat exchanger with liquid-cooled baffle
EP0687870B1 (de) Wärmetauscher
US6044837A (en) Intertwined helical heat exchanger
JP2007155321A (ja) 回収熱交換器のような小型の高温熱交換器
EP0356735A1 (de) Wärmeaustauscher
EP0985895B1 (de) Wärmetauschereinheit und ihre Verwendung
US5913289A (en) Firetube heat exchanger with corrugated internal fins
EP0133039A1 (de) Heizungskessel
JP4565316B2 (ja) 熱源装置
GB2049126A (en) Boiler
EP0751363A1 (de) Wärmetauscher
RU2790537C1 (ru) Теплообменное устройство
JPS5924140A (ja) 熱交換器
US5566648A (en) Heat exchanger
KR0115274Y1 (ko) 열교환기의 전열핀
JPH0625796Y2 (ja) 瞬間貯湯式給湯機用熱交換器
JP2694894B2 (ja) 熱交換器
JPH06229694A (ja) 給湯器の熱交換器
SU1755011A1 (ru) Рекуператор
RU2062942C1 (ru) Теплообменник

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19900802

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19910315

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19930609

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19930609

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19930609

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19930609

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19930609

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19930609

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19930609

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19930609

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19930609

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19930609

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19930609

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 90445

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19930615

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 68906990

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19930715

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

EN Fr: translation not filed
NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20080813

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

Expiry date: 20090730

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20090730