EP0356697B1 - Staged down draught combustion device for alternative fuels - Google Patents

Staged down draught combustion device for alternative fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0356697B1
EP0356697B1 EP89113575A EP89113575A EP0356697B1 EP 0356697 B1 EP0356697 B1 EP 0356697B1 EP 89113575 A EP89113575 A EP 89113575A EP 89113575 A EP89113575 A EP 89113575A EP 0356697 B1 EP0356697 B1 EP 0356697B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
combustion
fuel
limestone
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89113575A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0356697A3 (en
EP0356697A2 (en
Inventor
Francesco Ing. Ferrero
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO SpA
Ferrero SpA
Original Assignee
OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO SpA
Ferrero SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO SpA, Ferrero SpA filed Critical OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO SpA
Priority to AT89113575T priority Critical patent/ATE83304T1/de
Publication of EP0356697A2 publication Critical patent/EP0356697A2/en
Publication of EP0356697A3 publication Critical patent/EP0356697A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0356697B1 publication Critical patent/EP0356697B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/38—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel on a grate or other fuel support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/005—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with downdraught through fuel bed and grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F23G5/26—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber having rotating bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire

Definitions

  • R.D.F. thus permits to overcome the obsolete technologies of total incineration, everywhere under accusation and topical subject of debate, dispute and contestation because of the many problems related to its possible emission of dioxins and its pollution of the environment.
  • R.D.F. may be produced in 3 quality standards resulting from three production stages, i.e.
  • the densified as well as pelletized R.D.F. may be burnt in grate furnaces or in rotary furnaces provided they are equipped with an afterburning chamber associated with other fuels (coal, lignite, industrial waste etc.).
  • thermocombustor subject matter of this application for Letters Patent is filling a gap and constitutes a specific equipment for densified or pelletized R.D.F. combustion.
  • R.D.F. is only one of the fuels that can be burnt in the thermocombustor subject matter of this invention, since this furnace can be used for combustion of numerous small sized industrial waste, of combustible products having a high content of toxic or noxious pollutants, while ensuring neutralization of acid combustion products.
  • thermocombustor as by claim 1 is consisting of four shells forming four chambers, of which the upper first chamber is acting as a storage space for fuel mixted with limestone.
  • the second chamber surrounding the first chamber preheats the precombustion air the flow rate of which is regulated by a fan.
  • the third chamber located bellow the first is closed at its bottom end by a rotary disc for elimination of the ashes and solid residues.
  • the first combustion stage of the fuel and limestone takes place in this third chamber.
  • the combustion gases enter the fourth chamber through radial slots, where more air is added through a ring-shaped bustle main and nozzles for final combustion at high temperature.
  • Combustion gases are conveyed to the users through a duct, whilst the ashes, removed by the disc, are dumped into the water of a basin from which they are removed by a screw feeder.
  • GB-A-2.002.501 discloses an incenerator with four different chambers as well as with an ash quenching system.
  • the air chamber is formed by a central tube with a conical member at its lower end, whereas according to the invention the air chamber is disposed around the storage bin, to prevent excessive heating of the wall of the storage bin and thus clotting or caking of the feed mass enclosed therein is avoided.
  • GB-A-2.002.501 foresees the supply of the air in the combustion chamber, whilst the invention foresees this supply between the storage and combustion chambers.
  • the high temperature combustion gases of the fourth chamber heat the refuse in the first chamber, whilst according to the invention the combustion gases heat the precombustion air contained in the second chamber.
  • GB-A-2.002.501 Numerous other constructive particulars differentiate the solutions according to GB-A-2.002.501 and to the invention.
  • GB-A-1.561.938 disclosing an ash discharge system consisting of a rotary disc and an ash quenching system provided with two annular hydraulic sealing skirts
  • GB-A-468.813 disclosing a screw feeder for removing ashes.
  • thermocombustor is consisting of four coaxially arranged, cylindrical metal shells 1,2,3,4, so that they are forming four chambers, A, B, C, and D having well defined and differentiated functions.
  • A) First continuous fuel feeding chamber :
  • This chamber is consisting of a hollow space inside the shell 1, which is the innermost of the four shells.
  • This chamber A is closed at the top by a capping in which openings have been made for charging of the fuel 6 and lime 7.
  • Two storage bins 38 and 39 in metal construction are provided for storage of small sized fuel and limestone.
  • the fuel is drawn from the bin in prefixed quantities through star-valve controlled apron gates (40) which not only release the fuel in the required quantities but also prevent air from entering the first chamber A, thus providing a perfect seal.
  • Limestone is drawn from the storage bin 39 by an electromagnetic measuring hopper 41, the discharge rate of which can be continuously remote controlled and adjusted to the feed rate of the fuel measuring hopper (40).
  • the measured fuel and limestone are both dumped on a dust-tight vibratory feeder conveyor where the two products are batched before they are introduced together into the first chamber A.
  • the capacity of the vibratory feeder conveyor 43 shall be greater than the total capacity of the two measuring hoppers 40 and 41.
  • all measuring and feeding devices are interconnected by rubberized fabric sleeves 42, secured by metal clips. Furthermore, low-level probes 44 and 45 will be mounted inside the fuel and limestone storage bins which will stop discharging of these two products when the minimum level in either bin is reached.
  • Fuel and limestone are discharged into the chamber A by variable delivery measuring hoppers which are efficiently sealed to prevent air from entering and gas from escaping.
  • the covering structure (5) has also a central manhole shaped inspection door (17).
  • This door is consisting of a metal anular frame to which a lightweight disc in asbestos cement or similar material is secured. In case of explosion, this disc will be shattered by the pressure wave which is thus released without damaging the furnace structure.
  • the first chamber A will always be kept filled with fuel to which a suitable proportion of limestone will be added.
  • the level probes 19, 19′ will control the measuring equipment so that the fuel level in chamber A will never drop below the minimum. This will permit to reduce the free volume in the chamber A while minimizing explosion hazard.
  • the shell 1 is coaxially enclosed by the shell 2 which has of course a greater diameter.
  • a hollow space is thus generated forming:
  • This primary combustion air is supplied by the fan 8 by means of the volute 28 and the guide vanes 29.
  • the air flow and pressure are regulated by the valve 9.
  • This valve 9 is actuated by servo controls and driven by suitable analyzers of the gas developed during primary combustion.
  • the shell 2 is externally attacked by the hot gas thus heating the primary combustion air flowing through the hollow space. This arrangement also prevents excessive heating of the wall 1 and will prevent clotting or caking of the feed mass enclosed in the first chamber A.
  • the first and second chamber both lead into
  • This chamber is delimited by the shell 3 in reinforced refractory construction and/or metal elements 30,32, internally cooled by water circulation 31.
  • the lower end of the third chamber C is delimited by a rotary disc 11 driven by a variable speed gear motor 23.
  • the third chamber (C) is kept filled with fuel batched with a measured quantity of CaCO3 coming from the chamber 1, located on top of chamber A.
  • the air flow rate is regulated so as to provide approximately the stoichiometric quantity of oxygen required for combustion.
  • the air entering the third chamber thus,gets in touch with the fuel, co-flowing from top to bottom through the fuel, causing its progressive ignition, rekindling and combustion.
  • Three zones can be identified inside the precombustion chamber C, from top to bottom, corresponding to three progressive combustion stages:
  • Residue ashes from R.D.F. combustion are mostly neutral or slightly acid due to the presence of kaolin in the paper charge, i.e. the main component of Refuse Derived Fuel. Therefore care should be taken not to reach temperature values at which the ashes scorify in the presence of CaO and to keep the ashes loose, so that they may be easily discharged when moving the rotary disc 11.
  • combustion air must be reduced while limiting excess air to the strictly necessary stoichiometric quantity.
  • This expedient will limit the gas volume and hence the speed at which the gas flows through the slots 13. This in turn, will limit the quantity of flying ashes that will be entrained in the afterburning chamber (D).
  • the porous reactive CaO bed mentioned above is directly supported by the rotary disc 11. During its slow rotation which can be stepless adjusted to need, this disc will prevent the formation of preferential channels inside the combustion mass, thus keeping the mass loose and porous, in close contact with the CaO of the granulate concentrated in the porous reactive CaO bed . Total fuel depletion is thus achieved, while the ashes will be trapped in the interstices between the reactive CaO granulate, moving downwards with the rotating disc to be directly discharged into the quenching basin 12.
  • the latter is delimited on the outside by the shell 4 and on the inside by the outer walls of the shell 3 and of the primary air preheater 2.
  • the afterburning chamber is delimited by the edge of the rotary disc 11 and at its upper end by an anular flange fitted with several manholes closed by explosion doors 37.
  • One or more sets of nozzles 15 are located in this afterburning chamber D which will supply turbulent air to complete gas combustion (fig.3).
  • the secondary air for afterburning is supplied by an external medium-pressure pneumophore unit 33,34 which obviously is no part of this invention since it is already known.
  • the very hot and completely dissociated waste gas leaves the fourth chamber D of the thermocombustor through one or more vacuum controlled ducts 16, connecting the fourth chamber D to the equipment apt to utilize the sensible heat of this exhaust gas (boilers, driers, heat exchangers etc.) .
  • the now sufficiently cooled waste gas is released through a stack into the atmosphere by suction fans, ensuring a sufficient vacuum at the thermocombustor outlet.
  • the ring-shaped ash quenching basin is housing the rotary disc 11 supporting and driving unit 23.
  • This worm conveyor is slowly revolving and partially immersed in the quenching water, and will discharge the sludge into appropriate tanks for disposal.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP89113575A 1988-08-30 1989-07-24 Staged down draught combustion device for alternative fuels Expired - Lifetime EP0356697B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89113575T ATE83304T1 (de) 1988-08-30 1989-07-24 Stufenverbrennungsvorrichtung mit abwaerts gerichtetem zuge fuer alternative brennstoffe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8865205A IT1225746B (it) 1988-08-30 1988-08-30 Termocombustore a fiamma inversa atto alla combustione in due fasi di combustibili alternativi, r.d.f., di scarti minuti industriali, di prodotti combustibili ed elevato contenuto di inquinanti, di prodotti combustibili solidi ancorche' tossici o nocivi ed alla neutralizzazione dei prodotti acidi della combustione
IT6520588 1988-08-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0356697A2 EP0356697A2 (en) 1990-03-07
EP0356697A3 EP0356697A3 (en) 1990-08-22
EP0356697B1 true EP0356697B1 (en) 1992-12-09

Family

ID=11297666

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89113575A Expired - Lifetime EP0356697B1 (en) 1988-08-30 1989-07-24 Staged down draught combustion device for alternative fuels

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0356697B1 (it)
AT (1) ATE83304T1 (it)
DE (1) DE68903809T2 (it)
IT (1) IT1225746B (it)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT407082B (de) * 1999-02-23 2000-12-27 List Guenther Feuerungsvorrichtung für biomasse, insbesondere holzpellets
CN114456843B (zh) * 2022-01-14 2023-01-31 江苏兴立环保设备有限公司 裂解气化炉的侧面出灰装置

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB468813A (en) * 1936-07-14 1937-07-13 George Schwabach Conveyor devices for ashes, cinders and the like
BE756970A (fr) * 1969-10-02 1971-03-16 Atomenergi Ab Perfectionnements aux incinerateurs notamment d'ordures
FR2284828A1 (fr) * 1974-09-11 1976-04-09 Quenon Jean Procede de combustion propre et continue du bois de chauffage a haut rendement calorifique
GB1561938A (en) * 1976-11-02 1980-03-05 Riken Piston Ring Ind Co Ltd Incinerators
DE2734973C2 (de) * 1977-08-03 1982-12-16 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Verfahren und Verbrennungsofen zum Verbrennen von Abfällen
DE2735139C2 (de) * 1977-08-04 1982-05-06 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Verbrennungsofen für Abfälle
DE2918580A1 (de) * 1979-05-09 1980-11-20 Pauli Gmbh Waermetechnik Verfahren zur mehrstoffverbrennung und stufenschwenkrostanordnung zu seiner durchfuehrung
AT401420B (de) * 1983-10-17 1996-09-25 Berthiller Franz Einrichtung zur verfeuerung von biomasse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8865205A0 (it) 1988-08-30
EP0356697A3 (en) 1990-08-22
IT1225746B (it) 1990-11-26
EP0356697A2 (en) 1990-03-07
ATE83304T1 (de) 1992-12-15
DE68903809D1 (de) 1993-01-21
DE68903809T2 (de) 1993-04-15

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