EP0355813B1 - Mixing recipient - Google Patents

Mixing recipient Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0355813B1
EP0355813B1 EP89115576A EP89115576A EP0355813B1 EP 0355813 B1 EP0355813 B1 EP 0355813B1 EP 89115576 A EP89115576 A EP 89115576A EP 89115576 A EP89115576 A EP 89115576A EP 0355813 B1 EP0355813 B1 EP 0355813B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing
container according
mixing tube
mixing container
bulk material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89115576A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0355813A2 (en
EP0355813B2 (en
EP0355813A3 (en
Inventor
Harald Dr.-Ing. Wilms
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Zeppelin Metallwerke GmbH
Original Assignee
Zeppelin Metallwerke GmbH
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Application filed by Zeppelin Metallwerke GmbH filed Critical Zeppelin Metallwerke GmbH
Priority to AT89115576T priority Critical patent/ATE82154T1/en
Publication of EP0355813A2 publication Critical patent/EP0355813A2/en
Publication of EP0355813A3 publication Critical patent/EP0355813A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0355813B1 publication Critical patent/EP0355813B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/80—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis
    • B01F25/82—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis uniting flows of material taken from different parts of a receptacle or from a set of different receptacles
    • B01F25/821—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis uniting flows of material taken from different parts of a receptacle or from a set of different receptacles by means of conduits having inlet openings at different levels
    • B01F25/8211—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis uniting flows of material taken from different parts of a receptacle or from a set of different receptacles by means of conduits having inlet openings at different levels by means of a central conduit or central set of conduits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mixing container of the type explained in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a mixing container is known from GB-A-2 187652.
  • the known mixing container is designed for withdrawing uniform amounts of bulk material through swallowing openings at different heights.
  • the size of the swallow openings in the known mixing container is varied according to a given equation such that swallow openings below are smaller than swallow openings located further up.
  • the baffle plates of all swallowing openings are of the same size, have essentially the same angle and thus cover essentially the same cross section of the interior of the mixing tube.
  • the size of each swallow opening is thus precisely defined.
  • bridging i.e.
  • the particles of the bulk material can be supported against one another in such a way that the passage through this opening is blocked.
  • This formation of bridges is prevented in the case of vertically standing openings by an appropriately large swallow opening.
  • the size of the swallow orifices is determined by other considerations, as in the known mixing container, then a possible bridge formation to be feared when the bulk material flows from the outer container through the swallow opening into the interior of the mixing tube can no longer be prevented by a suitable configuration of the swallow opening. This may falsify the mixing result.
  • the inner mixing tube contains several compartments, each of the compartments being connected to the outer container via a swallow opening.
  • the swallowing openings of the individual departments are arranged at different heights so that the bulk material in the outer container can be drawn off from different heights, enters the interior of the mixing tube and from there falls together with the bulk material remaining in the outer container into a funnel from which it is removed can be.
  • the mixing effect of the known mixing container is low.
  • the diameter of the mixing tube must not be too large compared to the diameter of the inner container in order to achieve a mixing effect at all.
  • an empty space remains above the swallowing openings, the larger the lower the swallowing openings are. This wastes valuable storage space.
  • the previously known construction is relatively complex to manufacture, since the individual chambers have to be fitted exactly into the mixing tube.
  • a mixing container which is preferably designed for pneumatic circulation of the bulk material to be mixed.
  • a large number of mixing tubes with differently configured deflector plates are provided in the interior of the container.
  • the mixing tubes have openings at different heights, which are covered either outside or inside by baffle plates.
  • the deflector plates are of the same size for each opening in the mixing tube and, due to the relatively small diameter of the mixing tubes, necessarily cover over half the cross-section of these mixing tubes. It has now been found that, with such an arrangement, bulk material would predominantly enter via the lowest swallow opening of each mixing tube.
  • mixing containers with a large number of relatively thin mixing tubes are unsuitable for cohesive or poorly flowing bulk materials, since the risk of bridges forming over the swallowing openings or in the small cross sections is very high and, in the known mixing container, due to the large number of vertically superimposed and relatively wide baffle plates extending into the cross section of the mixing tubes is increased.
  • the mixing tube consists of a plurality of funnels arranged one above the other, the outlet openings of which are each arranged at the level of the inlet opening of the funnel underneath.
  • the funnels are essentially the same size, so that the annular inlet openings for the bulk material from the outer container, which are arranged at different heights, and the circular through-openings for the bulk material in the interior of the mixing tube are equally large at all heights.
  • this mixing container can also be used for bulk materials that are not easily flowable, the annular swallowing openings in the mixing tube must be made correspondingly large. In order that no bridges can form over the remaining slots, this mixing tube construction must have considerable dimensions.
  • the construction of the mixing tube is relatively complicated and expensive.
  • the mixing effect is also not optimal, since an additional pneumatic circulation is used for complete mixing becomes.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a mixing container of the type mentioned in such a way that the mixing result can be influenced in a predetermined manner with a simple and space-saving structural design.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge of the applicant that it depends on the size of the part of the cross-section of the mixing tube which is covered by the deflector plates, how much of the bulk material passes through the assigned swallowing opening. If deflector plates of different sizes are now used, the mixing ratio of the bulk material originating from different layers of the bulk material column in the outer container can be precisely determined and metered. In this case, a single, essentially central tube with a common interior space can be used, with no dead spaces reducing the storage capacity of the mixing container. With the configuration according to the invention, the sizes of the swallowing openings can be dimensioned such that bridging is prevented. A size of the swallow opening determined for a specific bulk material can then be made the same for the entire length of the mixing tube, which simplifies the manufacture of the container.
  • the size of the deflector plates is graded, for example, according to claim 2, it can be achieved that essentially the same percentage of the bulk material reaches the mixing tube over the entire height of the mixing tube from each swallow opening. The bulk material emerging from the mixing tube is thus optimally mixed.
  • the embodiment according to claim 5 prevents bulk goods from swallowing openings lying above hindering the entry of bulk goods through a swallowing opening below.
  • Such a hindrance can be avoided in a particularly simple manner in that the deflector plate in any case extends to below the lower edge of the assigned swallowing opening.
  • the embodiment according to claim 7 provides a remedy.
  • the vertical extension plate has no influence on the predetermined percentage of the bulk material flowing in, but ensures that no backflow can occur.
  • Claims 8 and 9 describe alternative distributions of the swallowing openings around the circumference of the mixing tube, which have proven particularly useful in practical testing.
  • swallowing openings there may also be two or more swallowing openings at the same height, the sum of the percentage bulk solids withdrawn from the same height being predetermined by the sum of the parts of the cross section covered by the assigned deflector plates.
  • the swallowing openings can be arranged at exactly the same height, as well as have a slight offset in height, if this is necessary for structural reasons.
  • the embodiment according to claim 11 ensures good removal of the bulk material from the outer container.
  • the embodiment according to claim 14 improves the flow of the bulk material and helps to avoid dead zones.
  • the embodiment according to claim 15 further improves the mixing.
  • Claims 16 and 17 describe alternative forms of deflector plates which have proven to be expedient.
  • the embodiment according to claim 18 causes the mixing tube to be filled only through swallowing openings arranged in its wall.
  • the mixing tube can also have a polygonal cross-section in addition to a circular one.
  • Claims 20 and 21 describe alternative ways of producing the deflector plates and attaching them to the mixing tube.
  • the mixing tube can be manufactured particularly easily and inexpensively.
  • the assembly of the mixing container is decisively improved, since in this embodiment the mixing tube can be inserted directly through the roof into the outer container.
  • Claims 24 and 25 describe alternative principles of how the mixing tube can be arranged and fastened in the interior of the outer container in a cost-effective and less time-consuming manner.
  • the 1 shows a schematic representation of a mixing container 1, which is composed of an outer container 2 and a mixing tube 3 arranged coaxially with the outer container 2 and having a smaller cross section than the container cross section.
  • the outer container 2 has a cylindrical side wall 4 with a funnel-shaped base part 5, which is provided at its lower end with an outlet opening 6 arranged coaxially to the container axis.
  • the base part 5 is formed with two different inclinations of its funnel wall in order to reduce the overall height.
  • the outer container 2 is closed at the top by a roof 7, through which a first nozzle 8 projects coaxially to the container axis.
  • the inner diameter of the first nozzle 8 is larger or at least the same size as the outer diameter of the mixing tube 3, so that the mixing tube 3 can be mounted through the nozzle 8.
  • the first nozzle 8 is closed at the top by a cover 9, which is penetrated by a second nozzle 10 of smaller diameter, the second nozzle also being arranged coaxially to the container axis and serving to fill the container
  • the mixing tube 3 is provided with struts 11 which protrude upwards into the first nozzle 8.
  • the mixing tube 3 is further supported via radially extending struts 12 on the inside of the outer container 2 at the transition between its cylindrical wall 4 and the funnel-shaped base part 5.
  • struts 12 are welded to the outer container 2.
  • the struts 11 lie unconnected on the inside of the first connecting piece 8 and serve for centering and lateral support of the mixing tube 3.
  • the mixing tube 3 and the outer container 2 consist of an aluminum alloy, with all connections being welded. However, it is also possible to use stainless steel for the mixing tube and to connect it to the outer container made of aluminum via adhesive, screw or rivet connections.
  • the mixing tube 3 encloses an interior 14 with a round cross section that is constant over the predominant height of the mixing tube 3.
  • other polygonal cross-sections are also conceivable, especially if the mixing tube is composed of individual parts to facilitate its manufacture. The individual parts can be folded or extruded.
  • the mixing tube 3 contains an upper, in the direction of the filler neck 10 opening 15, which is covered with a deflecting cone 16, so that the bulk material entered into the filler neck cannot get axially directly into the mixing tube.
  • a washing nozzle 17 is expediently provided, which can be supplied with washing liquid from the outside via a line.
  • the inside of the mixing tube 3 can thus be cleaned in a simple manner.
  • the mixing tube 3 contains a funnel 18 which opens into an outlet opening 19.
  • the funnel 18 extends with the formation of a conically tapering annular space 29 into the region of the base part 5.
  • the outlet opening 19 has a smaller diameter than the base part 5 at this height.
  • annular outlet opening 20 is formed around the outlet opening 19 of the funnel 18 of the mixing tube 3, through which the bulk material located in the outer container 2 can exit.
  • the outlet opening 19 of the mixing tube 3 and the outlet opening 6 of the funnel-shaped base part 5 are arranged coaxially to one another.
  • the cross-sectional area of the outlet opening 19 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the annular outlet opening 20 at the height of the outlet opening 19, so that more bulk material is drawn off from the mixing tube 3 than from the outer container 2.
  • both the funnel 18 and the funnel-shaped base part 5 are inclined in such a way that both in the mixing tube 3 and in the annular space 29 mass flow is achieved with a flow velocity that is substantially uniform over the cross sections, thereby avoiding the formation of dead zones.
  • the funnel 18 can also be designed such that a higher flow rate is formed in the mixing tube 3.
  • the outlet opening 6 has the smallest cross section of all existing outlet openings 19, 20 and is so large that bridging is avoided. As a result, no bridges can form over the other outlet openings.
  • the mixing tube 3 is provided at different heights above its funnel 18 with a plurality of swallow openings 21 designed as perforations in the wall of the mixing tube, of which the swallow openings 21.1 to 21.6, each offset by 180 °, can be seen for purposes of illustration.
  • the swallowing openings can be round, triangular, rectangular or parabolic.
  • the size of the Swallow openings are insignificant for withdrawing the desired amount of bulk material and are expediently dimensioned in such a way that bridging in front of the openings, ie outside the mixing tube 3, is avoided.
  • the first, uppermost swallow opening 21.1 is arranged in the vicinity of the deflection cone 16, below the maximum filling level 22 in the outer container 2.
  • the second to sixth swallow openings 21.2 to 21.6 lie below it at predetermined intervals in accordance with the layers of the bulk material to be tapped.
  • a deflector 23 is arranged above each swallow opening 21.
  • Each of the baffle plates 23 has the shape of a conical section (FIGS. 2 and 3), is inserted into a prepared, for example milled or sawn slot in the mixing tube 3, is inclined at an angle of 20 to 45 ° to the vertical and extends inwards below into the interior 14 of the mixing tube 3.
  • the deflector plates 23 are of different sizes.
  • the mixing container 1 is designed such that the same percentage of bulk material reaches the interior 14 of the mixing tube 3 through all swallowing openings 21.
  • the deflector plates 23, and thus the parts of the cross section of the mixing tube 3 that they cover, become smaller from top to bottom according to the following formula:
  • the deflector 23.4 of the fourth swallow opening from above 21.4 covers a quarter
  • the deflector 23.5 of the fifth swallow opening from above 21.5 one-fifth and the deflector 23.6 of the sixth swallow opening from above 21.6 covers a sixth of the cross section, so that the same percentage of the swallow openings 21.1 to 21.6 Bulk material arrives in the funnel 18.
  • the deflector plates 23 are expediently pulled down so far that a theoretically developing embankment surface 26, which was drawn in dashed lines in FIG. 1, the lower edge of the adjacent one Swallowing opening not reached. With appropriately large deflector plates, as are necessary for the upper swallowing openings, this condition is easily met. If the deflector plates become smaller, however, and they even end above the lower edge of the respective swallowing opening, an extension plate 27.4 to 27.6 is provided, which is arranged on the free edge of the corresponding deflector plate 23.4 to 23.6.
  • the extension plate 27 extends vertically downwards and essentially parallel to the direction of flow of the bulk material in the interior 14, so that its area has no influence on the percentage distribution of the bulk material flows.
  • the extension plate 27 ends at a point where the slope surface formed on its free edge is below the assigned swallowing opening 21.4 to 21.6.
  • the free ends of the deflector plates 23 or the extension plates 27 can end at, below or, in the case of very steep slope surfaces, just above the lower edge of the corresponding swallowing opening 21.
  • the mixing container 1 of FIG. 4 also has an outer container 2 with a cylindrical side wall 4 and a funnel-shaped base part 5 with an outlet opening 6.
  • the filling takes place through a filling nozzle 10 'arranged directly in the roof 7.
  • a modified mixing tube 3 ′ has an opening corresponding to its cross section on its upper and on its lower side, the upper opening 15 in turn being completely covered by the deflecting cone 16.
  • the lower outlet opening 28 is in turn arranged in the funnel-shaped base part 5 to form an even smaller annular space 20 'than in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the most important modification relates to the arrangement of the swallowing openings, which, however, are designed analogously to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. 4, two of the swallowing openings 21 are arranged at the same height.
  • the swallowing openings 21 of each pair lie at an angle of 180 °, the pairs of swallowing openings being offset from one another by 90 ° at different heights.
  • the size of the deflector plates 23 is determined analogously to the formula given with reference to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, with the exception that the sum of the parts of the cross section covered by all deflector plates at the same height represents.
  • the deflector plates with or without their extension plates can also be produced by simply cutting and pressing in the wall of the mixing tube.
  • the shape of the deflector plates can also be varied, and the flat deflector plates described and drawn can also be formed, for example, by curved, in particular conical, pieces of sheet metal.
  • the arrangement of the swallowing openings can also be changed; for example, it is entirely possible to offset swallowing openings one above the other by 120 or 90 ° or by any other angle. If necessary, more than two swallow openings evenly distributed around the circumference can also be arranged at the same height, the deflector plates being dimensioned in a manner known in the art.
  • the deflector plate or the deflector plates of the swallowing openings assigned to this layer are designed to be larger than a constant flow rate. In this way practically any mixing ratios can be predetermined. It is also possible to move the first, top swallowing opening, for example, into the deflecting cone, but then the uppermost swallowing opening provided in the wall area is passed by the bulk material and thus has to receive a deflector plate.
  • the arrangement of the connecting piece and, if appropriate, also the arrangement of the mixing tube with respect to the central axis of the outer container can also be carried out in accordance with practical requirements, such as Space requirements to be changed.

Abstract

Described is a mixing bin for mixing bulk goods, particularly by pure gravity flow, comprising a mixing pipe disposed at a substantially central location in an outer container and provided with a plurality of intake ports disposed at different levels for withdrawing bulk goods at different levels from a bulk goods column enclosed by the outer container. All intake ports open into a common interior space of the mixing pipe. A respective deflector baffle projecting into the interior space so as to obturate a part of the cross-sectional area thereof is disposed above each intake port to be passed by the bulk goods flow in the interior space. For improving the result of the mixing operation in a structurally simple manner the invention proposes to vary the size of the part of the cross-sectional area obturated by the deflector baffles disposed at the different levels, the selected size of the obturated part of the cross-sectional area being determined by the amount of the bulk goods to be withdrawn through the associated intake port.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Mischbehälter der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 erläuterten Art.The invention relates to a mixing container of the type explained in the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiger Mischbehälter ist aus der GB-A-2 187652 bekannt. Der bekannte Mischbehälter ist zum Abziehen gleichmäßiger Schüttgutmengen über Schlucköffnungen in unterschiedlicher Höhe ausgelegt. Um dies zu erreichen, wird beim bekannten Mischbehälter die Größe der Schlucköffnungen nach einer angegebenen Gleichung derart variiert, daß unter liegende Schlucköffnungen kleiner sind als weiter oben liegende Schlucköffnungen. Die Abweisbleche aller Schlucköffnungen sind gleich groß, weisen im wesentlichen den gleichen Winkel auf und überdecken somit im wesentlichen den gleichen Querschnitt des Innenraums des Mischrohres. Bei dem bekannten Mischbehälter ist somit die Größe jeder Schlucköffnung genau festgelegt. Bei schlecht fließfähigen Schüttgütern besteht jedoch die Gefahr einer sogenannten Brückenbildung, d.h. unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen können sich über einer Öffnung die Partikel des Schüttgutes derart gegeneinander abstützen, daß der Durchgang durch diese Öffnung blockiert ist. Diese Brückenbildung wird bei senkrecht stehenden Öffnungen durch eine entsprechend groß bemessene Schlucköffnung verhindert. Istjedoch die Größe der Schlucköffnungen wie beim bekannten Mischbehälter durch andere Erwägungen festgelegt, so kann einer möglicherweise zu befürchtenden Brückenbildung beim Durchfluß des Schüttgutes vom äußeren Behälter durch die Schlucköffnung in den Innenraum des Mischrohres nicht mehr durch eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung der Schlucköffnung vorgebeugt werden. Dadurch kann eventuell das Mischergebnis verfälscht werden.Such a mixing container is known from GB-A-2 187652. The known mixing container is designed for withdrawing uniform amounts of bulk material through swallowing openings at different heights. In order to achieve this, the size of the swallow openings in the known mixing container is varied according to a given equation such that swallow openings below are smaller than swallow openings located further up. The baffle plates of all swallowing openings are of the same size, have essentially the same angle and thus cover essentially the same cross section of the interior of the mixing tube. In the known mixing container, the size of each swallow opening is thus precisely defined. In the case of poorly flowable bulk goods, however, there is a risk of so-called bridging, i.e. under certain conditions, the particles of the bulk material can be supported against one another in such a way that the passage through this opening is blocked. This formation of bridges is prevented in the case of vertically standing openings by an appropriately large swallow opening. However, if the size of the swallow orifices is determined by other considerations, as in the known mixing container, then a possible bridge formation to be feared when the bulk material flows from the outer container through the swallow opening into the interior of the mixing tube can no longer be prevented by a suitable configuration of the swallow opening. This may falsify the mixing result.

Es hat im Stand der Technik nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, bei Mischbehältern mit zentralem Mischrohr einen gleichmäßigen Abzug des Schüttgutes über die Höhe des Mischrohres sicherzustellen. Ein derartiger Mischbehälter ist beispielsweise aus der FR-A-1 379 212 bekannt. Bei dem bekannten Mischbehälter enthält das innere Mischrohr mehrere Abteilungen, wobei jede der Abteilungen über jeweils eine Schlucköffnung mit dem äußeren Behälter in Verbindung steht. Die Schlucköffnungen dereinzelnen Abteilungen sind in verschiedenen Höhen angeordnet, so daß das im äußeren Behälter befindliche Schüttgut aus unterschiedlichen Höhen abgezogen werden kann, in das Innere des Mischrohres gelangt und von dort zusammen mit dem im äußeren Behälter verbliebenen Schüttgut in einen Trichterfällt, von dem es abgenommen werden kann. Die Mischwirkung des bekannten Mischbehälters ist jedoch gering. Zum einen darf der Durchmesser des Mischrohres im Vergleich zum Durchmesser des inneren Behälters nicht zu groß werden, um überhaupt noch einen Mischeffekt zu erzielen. Zum anderen verbleibt über den Schlucköffnungen jeweils ein leerer Raum, der umso größer ist, je weiter unten die Schlucköffnungen liegen. Dadurch wird wertvoller Speicherraum verschenkt. Außerdem ist die vorbekannte Konstruktion relativ aufwendig in der Herstellung, da die einzelnen Kammern in das Mischrohr exakt eingepaßt werden müssen.There has been no lack of attempts in the prior art to ensure uniform removal of the bulk material over the height of the mixing tube in the case of mixing containers with a central mixing tube. Such a mixing container is known for example from FR-A-1 379 212. In the known mixing container, the inner mixing tube contains several compartments, each of the compartments being connected to the outer container via a swallow opening. The swallowing openings of the individual departments are arranged at different heights so that the bulk material in the outer container can be drawn off from different heights, enters the interior of the mixing tube and from there falls together with the bulk material remaining in the outer container into a funnel from which it is removed can be. However, the mixing effect of the known mixing container is low. On the one hand, the diameter of the mixing tube must not be too large compared to the diameter of the inner container in order to achieve a mixing effect at all. On the other hand, an empty space remains above the swallowing openings, the larger the lower the swallowing openings are. This wastes valuable storage space. In addition, the previously known construction is relatively complex to manufacture, since the individual chambers have to be fitted exactly into the mixing tube.

Aus der US-A- 3 216 629 ist ein Mischbehälterersichtlich, der bevorzugt für ein pneumatisches Umwälzen des zu mischenden Schüttgutes ausgelegt ist. Es sind eine Vielzahl von Mischrohren mit unterschiedlich ausgestalteten Abweisblechen im Inneren des Behälters vorgesehen. Die Mischrohre weisen Öffnungen in unterschiedlichen Höhen auf, die entweder nach außen oder nach innen von Abweisblechen überdacht sind. In beiden Fällen sind die Abweisbleche jedoch für jede Öffnung im Mischrohr gleich groß und überdecken, bedingt durch den relativ geringen Durchmesser der Mischrohre, zwangsläufig über die Hälfte des Querschnittes dieser Mischrohre. Es konnte nun festgestellt werden, daß bei einer derartigen Anordnung Schüttgut überwiegend über die unterste Schlucköffnung jedes Mischrohres eintreten würde. Darüber hinaus sind Mischbehälter mit einer Vielzahl von relativ dünnen Mischrohren für kohäsive oder schlecht fließende Schüttgüter unzweckmäßig, da die Gefahr von Brückenbildungen über den Schlucköffnungen bzw. in den kleinen Querschnitten sehr groß ist und beim bekannten Mischbehälter noch durch die Vielzahl der senkrecht übereinanderliegenden und relativ weit in den Querschnitt der Mischrohre hineinreichenden Abweisbleche erhöht wird.From US-A-3 216 629 a mixing container can be seen which is preferably designed for pneumatic circulation of the bulk material to be mixed. A large number of mixing tubes with differently configured deflector plates are provided in the interior of the container. The mixing tubes have openings at different heights, which are covered either outside or inside by baffle plates. In both cases, however, the deflector plates are of the same size for each opening in the mixing tube and, due to the relatively small diameter of the mixing tubes, necessarily cover over half the cross-section of these mixing tubes. It has now been found that, with such an arrangement, bulk material would predominantly enter via the lowest swallow opening of each mixing tube. In addition, mixing containers with a large number of relatively thin mixing tubes are unsuitable for cohesive or poorly flowing bulk materials, since the risk of bridges forming over the swallowing openings or in the small cross sections is very high and, in the known mixing container, due to the large number of vertically superimposed and relatively wide baffle plates extending into the cross section of the mixing tubes is increased.

Aus der DE-C- 32 08 499 ist ein Mischbehälter bekannt, der so ausgestaltet sein soll, daß im wesentlichen aus unterschiedlichen Höhen jeweils gleiche Anteile Schüttgut abgezogen werden können. Zu diesem Zweck besteht das Mischrohr aus einer Vielzahl übereinander angeordneter Trichter, deren Auslaßöffnungen jeweils in Höhe der Einlaßöffnung des darunterliegenden Trichters angeordnet sind. Die Trichter sind im wesentlichen gleich groß, so daß auch die in den verschiedenen Höhen angeordneten ringförmigen Eintrittsöffungen für das Schüttgut aus den äußeren Behälter sowie die kreisförmigen Durchtrittsöffnungen für das Schüttgut im Inneren des Mischrohres in allen Höhen gleich groß sind. Damit jedoch dieser Mischbehälter auch für nicht leicht fließfähige Schüttgüter eingesetzt werden kann, müssen die ringförmigen Schlucköffnungen in das Mischrohr hinein entsprechend groß ausgeführt werden. Damit sich über den verbleibenden Schlitzen keine Brücken bilden können, muß diese Mischrohr-Konstruktion beachtliche Ausmaße annehmen. Darüber hinaus ist der Aufbau des Mischrohres relativ kompliziert und kostenintensiv. Außerdem ist auch die Mischwirkung nicht optimal, da für eine vollständige Durchmischung eine zusätzliche pneumatische Umwälzung eingesetzt wird.From DE-C-32 08 499 a mixing container is known which is to be designed such that the same proportions of bulk material can be drawn off essentially from different heights. For this purpose, the mixing tube consists of a plurality of funnels arranged one above the other, the outlet openings of which are each arranged at the level of the inlet opening of the funnel underneath. The funnels are essentially the same size, so that the annular inlet openings for the bulk material from the outer container, which are arranged at different heights, and the circular through-openings for the bulk material in the interior of the mixing tube are equally large at all heights. However, so that this mixing container can also be used for bulk materials that are not easily flowable, the annular swallowing openings in the mixing tube must be made correspondingly large. In order that no bridges can form over the remaining slots, this mixing tube construction must have considerable dimensions. In addition, the construction of the mixing tube is relatively complicated and expensive. In addition, the mixing effect is also not optimal, since an additional pneumatic circulation is used for complete mixing becomes.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Mischbehälter der genannten Art derart auszugestalten, daß bei einfacher und platzsparender konstruktiver Gestaltung das Mischergebnis in vorbestimmter Weise zu beeinflussen ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a mixing container of the type mentioned in such a way that the mixing result can be influenced in a predetermined manner with a simple and space-saving structural design.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis der Anmelderin zugrunde, daß es von der Größe des von den Abweisblechen überdeckten Teils des Querschnittes des Mischrohres abhängt, wieviel vom Schüttgut durch die zugeordnete Schlucköffnung gelangt. Werden nun unterschiedlich große Abweisbleche verwendet, so kann das Mischungsverhältnis des aus verschiedenen Schichten der Schüttgutsäule im äußeren Behälter stammenden Schüttgutes genau vorherbestimmt und dosiert werden. Dabei kann ein einziges, im wesentlichen zentrales Rohr mit einem gemeinsamen Innenraum verwendet werden, wobei keinerlei Toträume die Speicherkapazität des Mischbehälters schmälern. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung können die Größen der Schlucköffnungen derart bemessen werden, daß eine Brückenbildung verhindertwird. Eine für ein bestimmtes Schüttgut ermittelte Größe der Schlucköffnung kann dann für die ganze Länge des Mischrohrs gleich ausgeführt werden, was die Herstellung des Behälters vereinfacht.The invention is based on the knowledge of the applicant that it depends on the size of the part of the cross-section of the mixing tube which is covered by the deflector plates, how much of the bulk material passes through the assigned swallowing opening. If deflector plates of different sizes are now used, the mixing ratio of the bulk material originating from different layers of the bulk material column in the outer container can be precisely determined and metered. In this case, a single, essentially central tube with a common interior space can be used, with no dead spaces reducing the storage capacity of the mixing container. With the configuration according to the invention, the sizes of the swallowing openings can be dimensioned such that bridging is prevented. A size of the swallow opening determined for a specific bulk material can then be made the same for the entire length of the mixing tube, which simplifies the manufacture of the container.

Wird die Größe der Abweisbleche beispielsweise gemäß Anspruch 2 abgestuft, so kann erreicht werden, daß über die gesamte Höhe des Mischrohres aus jeder Schlucköffnung im wesentlichen der gleiche prozentuale Anteil des Schüttgutes in das Mischrohr gelangt. Das aus dem Mischrohr austretende Schüttgut ist somit optimal durchgemischt.If the size of the deflector plates is graded, for example, according to claim 2, it can be achieved that essentially the same percentage of the bulk material reaches the mixing tube over the entire height of the mixing tube from each swallow opening. The bulk material emerging from the mixing tube is thus optimally mixed.

Durch die Neigung der Abweisbleche nach den Ansprüchen 3 und 4 wird der Ausbildung toter Zonen entgegengewirkt.The inclination of the baffle plates according to claims 3 and 4 counteracts the formation of dead zones.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 5 verhindert, daß Schüttgut aus darüberliegenden Schlucköffnungen den Eintritt von Schüttgut durch eine darunterliegende Schlucköffnung behindert.The embodiment according to claim 5 prevents bulk goods from swallowing openings lying above hindering the entry of bulk goods through a swallowing opening below.

Besonders einfach kann eine derartige Behinderung dadurch vermieden werden, daß sich das Abweisblech gemäß Anspruch 6 auf jeden Fall bis unter die Unterkante der zugeordneten Schlucköffnung erstreckt.Such a hindrance can be avoided in a particularly simple manner in that the deflector plate in any case extends to below the lower edge of the assigned swallowing opening.

Muß das Abweisblech so klein gehalten werden, daß die sich ausbildende Böschungsfläche sich noch oberhalb der Unterkante der Schlucköffnung befinden würde, so schafft die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 7 Abhilfe. Das senkrechte Verlängerungsblech hat keinen Einfluß auf den vorbestimmten, prozentualen Anteil des einfließenden Schüttgutes, stellt jedoch sicher, daß kein Rückstau auftreten kann.If the deflector plate has to be kept so small that the embankment surface that would form would still be above the lower edge of the swallow opening, the embodiment according to claim 7 provides a remedy. The vertical extension plate has no influence on the predetermined percentage of the bulk material flowing in, but ensures that no backflow can occur.

Die Ansprüche 8 und 9 beschreiben alternative Verteilungen der Schlucköffnungen um den Umfang des Mischrohres, die sich in der praktischen Erprobung als besonders zweckmäßig erwiesen haben.Claims 8 and 9 describe alternative distributions of the swallowing openings around the circumference of the mixing tube, which have proven particularly useful in practical testing.

Je nach gewünschter Durchsatzmenge können sich gemäß Anspruch 10 auch jeweils zwei oder mehrere Schlucköffnungen in gleicher Höhe befinden, wobei die Summe der aus gleicher Höhe abgezogenen prozentualen Schüttgutanteile durch die Summe der von den zugeordneten Abweisblechen überdeckten Teile des Querschnittes vorbestimmt ist. Dabei können die Schlucköffnungen sowohl in exakt der gleichen Höhe angeordnet sein, als auch einen geringfügigen Versatz in der Höhe aufweisen, falls dies aus statischen Gründen erforderlich ist.Depending on the desired throughput, there may also be two or more swallowing openings at the same height, the sum of the percentage bulk solids withdrawn from the same height being predetermined by the sum of the parts of the cross section covered by the assigned deflector plates. The swallowing openings can be arranged at exactly the same height, as well as have a slight offset in height, if this is necessary for structural reasons.

Durch die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 11 wird ein guter Abzug des Schüttgutes aus dem äußeren Behälter gewährleistet.The embodiment according to claim 11 ensures good removal of the bulk material from the outer container.

Der Abzug des Schüttgutes aus dem gesamten Behälter wird durch die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 12 erleichtert.The removal of the bulk material from the entire container is facilitated by the configuration according to claim 12.

Mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 13 wird erreicht, daß eine größere Schüttgutmenge über das Mischrohr abgezogen wird. Dadurch wird eine breite Verweilzeitverteilung und damit eine gute Mischwirkung erreicht.With the features of claim 13 it is achieved that a larger amount of bulk material is withdrawn via the mixing tube. This ensures a broad distribution of the residence time and thus a good mixing effect.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 14 verbessert den Durchfluß des Schüttgutes und hilft tote Zonen zu vermeiden.The embodiment according to claim 14 improves the flow of the bulk material and helps to avoid dead zones.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 15 verbessert die Durchmischung weiter.The embodiment according to claim 15 further improves the mixing.

Die Ansprüche 16 und 17 beschreiben alternative Formen der Abweisbleche, die sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen haben.Claims 16 and 17 describe alternative forms of deflector plates which have proven to be expedient.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 18 bewirkt, daß das Mischrohr nur über in seiner Wandung angeordnete Schlucköffnungen befüllt wird.The embodiment according to claim 18 causes the mixing tube to be filled only through swallowing openings arranged in its wall.

Gemäß Anspruch 19 kann das Mischrohr außer einem kreisförmigen auch einen polygonalen Querschnitt aufweisen.According to claim 19, the mixing tube can also have a polygonal cross-section in addition to a circular one.

Die Ansprüche 20 und 21 beschreiben alternative Möglichkeiten, die Abweisbleche herzustellen und am Mischrohr zu befestigen.Claims 20 and 21 describe alternative ways of producing the deflector plates and attaching them to the mixing tube.

Durch die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 22 kann das Mischrohr besonders einfach und kostengünstig hergestellt werden.Due to the configuration according to claim 22, the mixing tube can be manufactured particularly easily and inexpensively.

Durch die Anordnung eines größeren Stutzens gemäß Anspruch 23 wird die Montage des Mischbehälters entscheidend verbessert, da in dieser Ausgestaltung das Mischrohr direkt durch das Dach in den äußeren Behälter eingelassen werden kann.By arranging a larger nozzle according to claim 23, the assembly of the mixing container is decisively improved, since in this embodiment the mixing tube can be inserted directly through the roof into the outer container.

Die Ansprüche 24 und 25 beschreiben alternative Prinzipien, wie das Mischrohr auf kostengünstige und wenig zeitaufwendige Weise im Inneren des äußeren Behälters angeordnet und befestigt werden kann.Claims 24 and 25 describe alternative principles of how the mixing tube can be arranged and fastened in the interior of the outer container in a cost-effective and less time-consuming manner.

Die Ansprüche 26 und 27 beschreiben eine alternative Werkstoffauswahl.Claims 26 and 27 describe an alternative selection of materials.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Mischbehälters, Fig. 2 den Schnitt 11-11 aus Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 den Schnitt 111-111 aus Fig. 1, und
  • Fig. 4 einen Längsschnitt durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Mischbehälters.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a mixing container according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows the section 11-11 from FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows the section 111-111 of Fig. 1, and
  • Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a mixing container according to the invention.

Aus Fig. 1 ist in schematischer Darstellung ein Mischbehälter 1 ersichtlich, der sich aus einem äußeren Behälter 2 und einem koaxial mit dem äußeren Behälter 2 angeordneten Mischrohr 3 mit einem gegenüber dem Behälterquerschnitt kleineren Querschnitt zusammensetzt. Der äußere Behälter 2 weist eine zylindrische Seitenwand 4 mit einem trichterförmigen Bodenteil 5 auf, das an seinem unteren Ende mit einer koaxial zur Behälterachse angeordneten Auslauföffnung 6 versehen ist. Das Bodenteil 5 ist mit zwei unterschiedlichen Neigungen seiner Trichterwand ausgebildet, um die Bauhöhe zu verringern. Der äußere Behälter 2 ist nach oben hin durch ein Dach 7 abgeschlossen, durch das koaxial zur Behälterachse ein erster Stutzen 8 ragt. Der Innendurchmesser des ersten Stutzens 8 ist größer oder zumindest gleich groß wie der Außendurchmesser des Mischrohres 3, so daß das Mischrohr 3 durch den Stutzen 8 montiert werden kann. Der erste Stutzen 8 ist nach oben hin durch eine Abdeckung 9 verschlossen, die durch einen zweiten Stutzen 10 geringeren Durchmessers durchsetzt ist, wobei der zweite Stutzen ebenfalls koaxial zur Behälterachse angeordnet ist und zum Befüllen des Behälters dient.1 shows a schematic representation of a mixing container 1, which is composed of an outer container 2 and a mixing tube 3 arranged coaxially with the outer container 2 and having a smaller cross section than the container cross section. The outer container 2 has a cylindrical side wall 4 with a funnel-shaped base part 5, which is provided at its lower end with an outlet opening 6 arranged coaxially to the container axis. The base part 5 is formed with two different inclinations of its funnel wall in order to reduce the overall height. The outer container 2 is closed at the top by a roof 7, through which a first nozzle 8 projects coaxially to the container axis. The inner diameter of the first nozzle 8 is larger or at least the same size as the outer diameter of the mixing tube 3, so that the mixing tube 3 can be mounted through the nozzle 8. The first nozzle 8 is closed at the top by a cover 9, which is penetrated by a second nozzle 10 of smaller diameter, the second nozzle also being arranged coaxially to the container axis and serving to fill the container.

Das Mischrohr 3 ist mit Streben 11 versehen, die nach oben in den ersten Stutzen 8 hineinragen. Das Mischrohr 3 istweiterhin über radial verlaufende Streben 12 an der Innenseite des äußeren Behälters 2 am Übergang zwischen seiner zylindrischen Wandung 4 und dem trichterförmigen Bodenteil 5 abgestützt. Obwohl nur eine Strebe 12 dargestellt ist, kann eine Vielzahl von Streben in Umfangsrichtung verteilt vorgesehen werden. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Mischrohr 3 fest mit den Streben 12 verbunden, wobei diese am äußeren Behälter 2 festgeschweißt sind. Die Streben 11 liegen unverbunden an der Innenseite des ersten Stutzens 8 an und dienen der Zentrierung und seitlichen Abstützung des Mischrohres 3. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, das Mischrohr 3 über die Streben 11 bzw. über ähnliche Bauteile (z.B. eine Verlängerung des Mischrohres 3) am Stutzen 8 bzw. direkt am Dach 7 aufzuhängen. Anstelle der fest verbundenen Streben 12 wäre dann lediglich noch eine Führung für das untere Ende das Mischbehälters 3 notwendig.The mixing tube 3 is provided with struts 11 which protrude upwards into the first nozzle 8. The mixing tube 3 is further supported via radially extending struts 12 on the inside of the outer container 2 at the transition between its cylindrical wall 4 and the funnel-shaped base part 5. Although only one strut 12 is shown, a plurality of struts can be provided distributed in the circumferential direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the mixing tube 3 is firmly connected to the struts 12, which are welded to the outer container 2. The struts 11 lie unconnected on the inside of the first connecting piece 8 and serve for centering and lateral support of the mixing tube 3. However, it is also possible to connect the mixing tube 3 via the struts 11 or similar components (for example an extension of the mixing tube 3). hang on the socket 8 or directly on the roof 7. Instead of the fixed struts 12, only a guide for the lower end of the mixing container 3 would then be necessary.

Das Mischrohr 3 und der äußere Behälter 2 bestehen aus einer Aluminiumlegierung, wobei alle Verbindungen geschweißt sind. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, für das Mischrohr Edelstahl zu verwenden und dieses über Kleb-, Schraub- oder Nietverbindungen mit dem äußeren Behälter aus Aluminium zu verbinden.The mixing tube 3 and the outer container 2 consist of an aluminum alloy, with all connections being welded. However, it is also possible to use stainless steel for the mixing tube and to connect it to the outer container made of aluminum via adhesive, screw or rivet connections.

Das Mischrohr 3 umschließt einen Innenraum 14 mit einem über die überwiegende Höhe des Mischrohres 3 konstanten runden Querschnitt. Es sind jedoch auch andere, polygonale Querschnitte denkbar, insbesondere dann, wenn das Mischrohr zur Erleichterung seiner Herstellung aus einzelnen Teilen zusammengesetzt ist. Die einzelnen Teile können abgekantet oder extrudiert sein.The mixing tube 3 encloses an interior 14 with a round cross section that is constant over the predominant height of the mixing tube 3. However, other polygonal cross-sections are also conceivable, especially if the mixing tube is composed of individual parts to facilitate its manufacture. The individual parts can be folded or extruded.

Das Mischrohr 3 enthält eine obere, in Richtung auf den Einfüllstutzen 10 weisende Öffnung 15, die mit einem Abweiskegel 16 überdeckt ist, so daß das in den Einfüllstutzen eingegebene Schüttgut nicht direkt, axial in das Mischrohrgelangen kann. An der Unterseite des Abweiskegels 16 ist zweckmäßigerweise eine Waschdüse 17 vorgesehen, die über eine Leitung von außen her mit Waschflüssigkeit versorgt werden kann. Damit kann das Innere des Mischrohres 3 auf einfache Weise gesäubert werden. An der Unterseite enthält das Mischrohr 3 einen Trichter 18, der in eine Auslauföffnung 19 mündet. Der Trichter 18 reicht unter Ausbildung eines sich keglig verjüngenden Ringraumes 29 bis in den Bereich des Bodenteils 5. Die Auslauföffnung 19 weist einen geringeren Durchmesser als das Bodenteil 5 auf dieser Höhe auf. Auf diese Weise bildet sich um die Auslauföffnung 19 des Trichters 18 des Mischrohres 3 eine ringförmige Auslauföffnung 20, durch die das im äußeren Behälter 2 befindliche Schüttgut austreten kann. Die Auslauföffnung 19 des Mischrohres 3 und die Auslauföffnung 6 des trichterförmigen Bodenteiles 5 sind koaxial zueinander angeordnet. Dagegen ist die Querschnittsfläche der Auslauföffnung 19 größer als die Querschnittsfläche der ringförmigen Auslauföffnung 20 in Höhe der Auslauföffnung 19, do daß aus dem Mischrohr 3 mehr Schüttgut abgezogen wird als aus dem äußeren Behälter 2. Die Wände sowohl des Trichters 18 als auch des trichterförmigen Bodenteiles 5 sind derart geneigt, daß sowohl im Mischrohr 3 als auch im Ringraum 29 Massenfluß mit einer über die Querschnitte im wesentlichen gleichförmigen Fließgeschwindigkeit erzielt wird, wodurch die Ausbildung toter Zonen vermieden wird. Der Trichter 18 kann darüber hinaus derart ausgebildet sein, daßsich im Mischrohr 3 eine höhere Fließgeschwindigkeit ausbildet. Die Auslauföffnung 6 weist den kleinsten Querschnitt aller vorhandenen Auslauföffnungen 19, 20 auf und ist so groß, daß Brückenbildung vermieden wird. Dadurch können sich auch über den anderen Auslauföffnungen keine Brücken bilden.The mixing tube 3 contains an upper, in the direction of the filler neck 10 opening 15, which is covered with a deflecting cone 16, so that the bulk material entered into the filler neck cannot get axially directly into the mixing tube. On the underside of the deflection cone 16, a washing nozzle 17 is expediently provided, which can be supplied with washing liquid from the outside via a line. The inside of the mixing tube 3 can thus be cleaned in a simple manner. On the underside, the mixing tube 3 contains a funnel 18 which opens into an outlet opening 19. The funnel 18 extends with the formation of a conically tapering annular space 29 into the region of the base part 5. The outlet opening 19 has a smaller diameter than the base part 5 at this height. In this way, an annular outlet opening 20 is formed around the outlet opening 19 of the funnel 18 of the mixing tube 3, through which the bulk material located in the outer container 2 can exit. The outlet opening 19 of the mixing tube 3 and the outlet opening 6 of the funnel-shaped base part 5 are arranged coaxially to one another. In contrast, the cross-sectional area of the outlet opening 19 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the annular outlet opening 20 at the height of the outlet opening 19, so that more bulk material is drawn off from the mixing tube 3 than from the outer container 2. The walls of both the funnel 18 and the funnel-shaped base part 5 are inclined in such a way that both in the mixing tube 3 and in the annular space 29 mass flow is achieved with a flow velocity that is substantially uniform over the cross sections, thereby avoiding the formation of dead zones. The funnel 18 can also be designed such that a higher flow rate is formed in the mixing tube 3. The outlet opening 6 has the smallest cross section of all existing outlet openings 19, 20 and is so large that bridging is avoided. As a result, no bridges can form over the other outlet openings.

Das Mischrohr 3 ist in unterschiedlichen Höhen über seinem Trichter 18 mit einer Mehrzahl von als Durchbrechungen der Wand des Mischrohres ausgebildeten Schlucköffnungen 21 versehen, von denen zu Darstellungszwecken die jeweils um 180° versetzten Schlucköffnungen 21.1 bis 21.6 ersichtlich sind. Die Schlucköffnungen können rund, dreieckig, rechteckig oder parabelförmig sein. Die Größe der Schlucköffnungen ist für das Abziehen der gewünschten Schüttgutmenge unwesentlich und wird zweckmäßigerweise derart bemessen, daß eine Brückenbildung vor den Öffnungen, d.h. außerhalb des Mischrohres 3, vermieden wird. Die erste, oberste Schlucköffnung 21.1 ist in der Nähe des Abweiskegels 16, unterhalb des maximalen Füllniveaus 22 im äußeren Behälter 2 angeordnet. Die zweiten bis sechsten Schlucköffnungen 21.2 bis 21.6 liegen in vorbestimmten Abständen entsprechend der anzuzapfenden Schichten des Schüttgutes im äußeren Behälter 2 darunter. Ab der zweiten Schlucköffnung 21.2 von oben ist über jeder Schlucköffnung 21 jeweils ein Abweisblech 23 angeordnet. Jedes des Abweisbleche 23 weist die Form eines Kegelmantelabschnnittes (Fig. 2 und 3) auf, ist in einen vorbereiteten, beispielsweise gefrästen oder gesägten Schlitz im Mischrohr 3 eingesetzt, unter einem Winkel von 20 bis 45° gegen die Vertikale geneigt und erstreckt sich nach innen unten in den Innenraum 14 des Mischrohres 3 hinein. Die Abweisbleche 23 sind unterschiedlich groß. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Mischbehälter 1 derart ausgelegt, daß durch alle Schlucköffnungen 21 der gleiche prozentuale Anteil an Schüttgut in den Innenraum 14 des Mischrohres 3 gelangt. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Abweisbleche 23, und damit die von ihnen überdeckten Teile des Querschnittes des Mischrohres 3, von oben nach unten gemäß der folgenden Formel kleiner:

Figure imgb0001
The mixing tube 3 is provided at different heights above its funnel 18 with a plurality of swallow openings 21 designed as perforations in the wall of the mixing tube, of which the swallow openings 21.1 to 21.6, each offset by 180 °, can be seen for purposes of illustration. The swallowing openings can be round, triangular, rectangular or parabolic. The size of the Swallow openings are insignificant for withdrawing the desired amount of bulk material and are expediently dimensioned in such a way that bridging in front of the openings, ie outside the mixing tube 3, is avoided. The first, uppermost swallow opening 21.1 is arranged in the vicinity of the deflection cone 16, below the maximum filling level 22 in the outer container 2. The second to sixth swallow openings 21.2 to 21.6 lie below it at predetermined intervals in accordance with the layers of the bulk material to be tapped. From the second swallow opening 21.2 from above, a deflector 23 is arranged above each swallow opening 21. Each of the baffle plates 23 has the shape of a conical section (FIGS. 2 and 3), is inserted into a prepared, for example milled or sawn slot in the mixing tube 3, is inclined at an angle of 20 to 45 ° to the vertical and extends inwards below into the interior 14 of the mixing tube 3. The deflector plates 23 are of different sizes. In the present exemplary embodiment, the mixing container 1 is designed such that the same percentage of bulk material reaches the interior 14 of the mixing tube 3 through all swallowing openings 21. For this purpose, the deflector plates 23, and thus the parts of the cross section of the mixing tube 3 that they cover, become smaller from top to bottom according to the following formula:
Figure imgb0001

Dabei ist:Here is:

  • A - Teil des Gesamtquerschnittes des Mischrohrs der von dem entsprechenden Abweisblech überdeckt werden sollA - Part of the total cross-section of the mixing tube that is to be covered by the corresponding deflector
  • F - Gesamtquerschnitt des Innenraums des MischrohresF - total cross section of the interior of the mixing tube
  • n - Anzahl der über dem Abweisblech liegenden Schlucköffnungen.n - number of swallowing openings above the deflector.
  • Nach dieser Beziehung muß somit das Abweisblech 23.2 der zweiten Schlucköffnung 21.2According to this relationship, the deflector 23.2 of the second swallow opening 21.2
  • von oben die Hälfte
    Figure imgb0002
     des Gesamtquerschnittes    half from above
    Figure imgb0002
     of the total cross section
  • des Mischrohres 3 überdecken. Das Abweisblech 23.3 der dritten Schlucköffnung von oben 21.3 solltecover the mixing tube 3. The deflector 23.3 of the third swallow opening from above 21.3 should
  • ein Drittel
    Figure imgb0003
    des Querschnittes, das    one third
    Figure imgb0003
     of the cross section that

Abweisblech 23.4 der vierten Schlucköffnung von oben 21.4 ein Viertel, das Abweisblech 23.5 der fünften Schlucköffnung von oben 21.5 ein Fünftel und das Abweisblech 23.6 der sechsten Schlucköffnung von oben 21.6 ein Sechstel des Querschnittes überdecken, damit aus allen Schlucköffnungen 21.1 bis 21.6 der gleiche prozentuale Anteil des Schüttgutes im Trichter 18 ankommt. Diese Verhältnisse werden unter Hinzuziehung der Fig. 2 und 3, die eine Draufsicht auf das erste und sechste Abweisblech zeigen, noch näher dargestellt, wobei aus Übersichtlichkeitsgründen andere Bauteile weggelassen wurden. Es soll vorausgesetzt werden, daß der Mischbehälter 1 bei geschlossener Auslauföffnung 6 mit Schüttgut entlang der Pfeile Agefüllt wurde, bis sich im äußeren Behälter 2 die Füllhöhe 24 eingestellt hat. Bedingt durch die Anordnung der Oberkante der obersten Schlucköffnung 21.1 unterhalb der Füllhöhe 24 im äußeren Behälter 2 wird sich im Mischrohr 3 ein etwas niedrigerer Füllstand 25 ausbilden. Wird jetzt die Auslauföffnung 6 geöffnet, so rutschen sowohl die im äußeren Behälter 2 als auch die im Mischrohr 3 befindlichen Schüttgutsäulen nach. Dabei verhindern die über den jeweiligen Schlucköffnungen 21 angeordneten Abweisbleche 23 das Nachrutschen des über dieser Schlucköffnung befindlichen Teils der Schüttgutsäule im Inneren des Mischrohres 3, so daß von außen, d.h. aus der Schüttgutsäule im äußeren Behälter 2, Schüttgut in das Mischrohr 3 übertreten kann. Bedingt durch die unterschiedlichen Größen wird sich der Schüttgutstrom im Trichter 18 wie folgt zusammensetzen. In Höhe der ersten Schlucköffnung 21.1 stammt alles Schüttgut im Innenraum 14 von der obersten Schicht der Schüttgutsäule im äußeren Behälter. Wie Fig. 2 zeigt, steht für dieses Schüttgut im Bereich des Abweisbleches 23.2 der zweiten Schlucköffnung von oben 21.2 jedoch nur der halbe Querschnitt des Innenraumes 14 zur Verfügung, während unter dem Schutz des Abweisbleches 23.2 über die zweite Schlucköffnung 21.2 Schüttgut über den anderen halben Querschnitt des Innenraumes 14 eintreten kann. Auf der Höhe des Abweisbleches 23.3 setzt sich der Schüttgutstrom im Innenraum somit jeweils aus der Hälfte der Schüttgüter aus der obersten und der zweiten Schlucköffnung 21.1 und 21.2 zusammen. Fürdiesen Schüttgutstrom stehen jedoch in Höhe des Abweisbleches 23.3 lediglich zwei Drittel des Querschnittes des Mischrohres 3 zur Verfügung, während über das restliche Drittel Schüttgut aus der dritten Schüttöffnung 21.3 in den Innenraum 14 gelangen kann. Dies setzt sich fort, bis zur sechsten Schlucköffnung 21.6, wo zum Durchtritt der jeweils gleichen Anteile der darüberliegenden fünf Schlucköffnungen fünf Sechstel und zum Durchtritt aus der sechsten Schlucköffnung 21.6 ein Sechstel des Querschnittes zur Verfügung steht. In den Trichter 18 gelangt somit eine Mischung aus prozentual im wesentlichen gleichen Anteilen, d.h. jeweils einem Sechstel, von Schüttgütern aus jeder der sechs Schlucköffnungen 21.1 bis 21.6. In Höhe der Auslauföffnung 19 werden die Schüttgutströme aus dem Trichter 18 und dem Ringraum 29 zusammengeführt. Der aus der Auslauföffnung 6 austretende Schüttgutstrom besteht somit aus Teilmengen, die aus den Höhen der Schlucköffnungen 21.1 bis 21.6 sowie dem trichterförmigen Bodenteil 5 entnommen wurden.The deflector 23.4 of the fourth swallow opening from above 21.4 covers a quarter, the deflector 23.5 of the fifth swallow opening from above 21.5 one-fifth and the deflector 23.6 of the sixth swallow opening from above 21.6 covers a sixth of the cross section, so that the same percentage of the swallow openings 21.1 to 21.6 Bulk material arrives in the funnel 18. These relationships are shown in more detail with the aid of FIGS. 2 and 3, which show a top view of the first and sixth deflector plates, other components having been omitted for reasons of clarity. It should be assumed that the mixing container 1 has been filled with bulk material along the arrows A with the outlet opening 6 closed, until the filling level 24 has been reached in the outer container 2. Due to the arrangement of the upper edge of the top swallow opening 21.1 below the fill level 24 in the outer container 2, a somewhat lower fill level 25 will form in the mixing tube 3. If the outlet opening 6 is now opened, both the bulk material columns located in the outer container 2 and the bulk material columns 3 slide. The deflector plates 23 arranged above the respective swallowing openings 21 prevent the part of the bulk material column located above this swallowing opening from slipping inside the mixing tube 3, so that from the outside, i.e. bulk material can pass into the mixing tube 3 from the bulk material column in the outer container 2. Due to the different sizes, the bulk material flow in the hopper 18 will be composed as follows. At the level of the first swallow opening 21.1, all bulk material in the interior 14 comes from the uppermost layer of the bulk material column in the outer container. As shown in FIG. 2, only half the cross-section of the interior 14 is available for this bulk material in the area of the deflector plate 23.2 of the second swallow opening from above 21.2, while bulk material over the other half cross-section is available under the protection of the deflector plate 23.2 via the second swallow opening 21.2 of the interior 14 can occur. At the level of the deflector plate 23.3, the bulk material flow in the interior is thus composed of half of the bulk materials from the uppermost and second swallowing openings 21.1 and 21.2. For this bulk material flow, however, only two thirds of the cross section of the mixing tube 3 are available at the level of the deflector plate 23.3, while bulk material can reach the interior 14 from the third bulk opening 21.3 through the remaining third. This continues until the sixth swallow opening 21.6, where five sixths of the cross-section are available for the passage of the same proportions of the five swallow openings above it and one sixth for the passage from the sixth swallow opening 21.6. A mixture of essentially equal percentages, i.e. one sixth each, of bulk goods from each of the six swallow openings 21.1 to 21.6. The bulk material flows from the funnel 18 and the annular space 29 are brought together at the outlet opening 19. The bulk material stream emerging from the outlet opening 6 thus consists of partial quantities which have been removed from the heights of the swallowing openings 21.1 to 21.6 and the funnel-shaped base part 5.

Um zu verhindern, daß die im Innenraum 14 stehende Schüttgutsäule in den Bereich der zweiten bis letzten Schlucköffnung 21.2 bis 21.6 gelangt und den Eintritt von Schüttgut aus dem äußeren Behälter behindert, werden die Abweisbleche 23 zweckmäßigerweise so weit nach unten gezogen, daß eine sich theoretisch ausbildende Böschungsfläche 26, die in Fig. 1 gestrichelt eingezeichnet wurde, die Unterkante der jeweils anliegenden Schlucköffnung nicht erreicht. Bei entsprechend großen Abweisblechen, wie sie für die oberen Schlucköffnungen notwendig sind, wird diese Bedingung ohne weiteres erfüllt. Werden die Abweisbleche jedoch kleiner, und enden sie gar oberhalb der Unterkante der jeweiligen Schlucköffnung, so ist ein Verlängerungsblech 27.4 bis 27.6 vorgesehen, das am freien Rand des entsprechenden Abweisbleches 23.4 bis 23.6 angeordnet ist. Das Verlängerungsblech 27 erstreckt sich senkrecht nach unten und im wesentlichen parallel zur Strömungsrichtung des Schüttgutes im Innenraum 14, so daß seine Fläche keinen Einfluß auf die prozentuale Verteilung der Schüttgutströme hat. Das Verlängerungsblech 27 endet an einer Stelle, an der sich die an seinem freien Rand ausgebildete Böschungsfläche unterhalb der zugeordneten Schlucköffnung 21.4 bis 21.6 befindet. Je nach den Fließeigenschaften des Schüttgutes und den damit zusammenhängenden Böschungswinkeln können die freien Enden der Abweisbleche 23 bzw. der Verlängerungsbleche 27 an, unterhalb oder, bei sehr steilen Böschungsflächen, auch knapp oberhalb der Unterkante der entsprechenden Schlucköffnung 21 enden.In order to prevent the column of bulk goods standing in the interior 14 from being in the region of the second through reaches the last swallowing opening 21.2 to 21.6 and hinders the entry of bulk material from the outer container, the deflector plates 23 are expediently pulled down so far that a theoretically developing embankment surface 26, which was drawn in dashed lines in FIG. 1, the lower edge of the adjacent one Swallowing opening not reached. With appropriately large deflector plates, as are necessary for the upper swallowing openings, this condition is easily met. If the deflector plates become smaller, however, and they even end above the lower edge of the respective swallowing opening, an extension plate 27.4 to 27.6 is provided, which is arranged on the free edge of the corresponding deflector plate 23.4 to 23.6. The extension plate 27 extends vertically downwards and essentially parallel to the direction of flow of the bulk material in the interior 14, so that its area has no influence on the percentage distribution of the bulk material flows. The extension plate 27 ends at a point where the slope surface formed on its free edge is below the assigned swallowing opening 21.4 to 21.6. Depending on the flow properties of the bulk material and the associated slope angles, the free ends of the deflector plates 23 or the extension plates 27 can end at, below or, in the case of very steep slope surfaces, just above the lower edge of the corresponding swallowing opening 21.

In Fig. 4 ist eine Abwandlung des erfindungsgemäßen Mischbehälters 1 ersichtlich, wobei gleiche oder vergleich bare Bauteile mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet und nicht nochmals erläutert wurden. Auch der Mischbehälter 1 der Fig. 4 weist einen äußeren Behälter 2 mit einer zylindrischen Seitenwand 4 und einem trichterförmigen Bodenteil 5 mit Auslauföffnung 6 auf. Die Befüllung erfolgt durch einen direkt im Dach 7 angeordneten Befüllstutzen 10'. Ein abgewandeltes Mischrohr 3' weist an seiner Ober- und an seiner Unterseite jeweils eine seinem Querschnitt entsprechende Öffnung auf, wobei die obere Öffnung 15 wiederum durch den Abweiskegel 16 vollständig überdeckt wird. Die untere Auslauföffnung 28 ist wiederum im trichterförmigen Bodenteil 5 unter Ausbildung eines noch kleineren Ringraumes 20' als im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 angeordnet. Die wesentlichste Abwandlung betrifft jedoch die Anordnung der Schlucköffnungen, die jedoch analog dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 ausgebildet sind. In Fig. 4 sind jeweils zwei der Schlucköffnungen 21 auf gleicher Höhe angeordnet. Die Schlucköffnungen 21 jedes Paares liegen sich im Winkel von 180° gegenüber, wobei die Paare der Schlucköffnungen in unterschiedlichen Höhen gegeneinander um 90° versetzt sind. Die Größe der Abweisbleche 23 wird analog der anhand des Ausführungsbeispieles nach Fig. 1 angegebenen Formel bestimmt, mit der Ausnahme, daßAdie Summe der von allen Abweisblechen in gleicher Höhe überdeckten Teile des Querschnittes darstellt.4 shows a modification of the mixing container 1 according to the invention, the same or comparable components being identified by the same reference numerals and not explained again. The mixing container 1 of FIG. 4 also has an outer container 2 with a cylindrical side wall 4 and a funnel-shaped base part 5 with an outlet opening 6. The filling takes place through a filling nozzle 10 'arranged directly in the roof 7. A modified mixing tube 3 ′ has an opening corresponding to its cross section on its upper and on its lower side, the upper opening 15 in turn being completely covered by the deflecting cone 16. The lower outlet opening 28 is in turn arranged in the funnel-shaped base part 5 to form an even smaller annular space 20 'than in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. However, the most important modification relates to the arrangement of the swallowing openings, which, however, are designed analogously to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. 4, two of the swallowing openings 21 are arranged at the same height. The swallowing openings 21 of each pair lie at an angle of 180 °, the pairs of swallowing openings being offset from one another by 90 ° at different heights. The size of the deflector plates 23 is determined analogously to the formula given with reference to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, with the exception that the sum of the parts of the cross section covered by all deflector plates at the same height represents.

In allen Ausführungsbeispielen können die Abweisbleche mit oder ohne ihre Verlängerungsbleche auch durch einfaches Anschneiden und Eindrücken der Wandung des Mischrohres hergestellt werden. Auch die Form der Abweisbleche kann variiert werden, wobei die beschriebenen und gezeichneten ebenen Abweisbleche beispielsweise auch durch gewölbte, insbesondere kegelige Blechstücke gebildet werden können. Auch die Anordnung der Schlucköffnungen kann verändert werden; so ist es beispielsweise durchaus möglich, übereinanderliegende Schlucköffnungen um 120 oder um 90° oder um jeden beliebigen anderen Winkel zueinander zu versetzen. Falls erforderlich, können auch mehr als zwei gleichmäßig um den Umfang verteilte Schlucköffnungen auf gleicher Höhe angeordnet sein, wobei deren Abweisbleche in bereits bekannter Weise dimensioniert werden. Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, auch die eine oder die andere Schicht beim Mischen zu bevorzugen, indem das Abweisblech oder die Abweisbleche der dieser Schicht zugeordneten Schlucköffnungen größer als für einen prozentual gleichmäßigen Durchfluß ausgelegt werden. Auf diese Weise können praktisch beliebige Mischungsverhältnisse vorbestimmt werden. Es ist weiterhin möglich, die erste, oberste Schlucköffnung beispielsweise in den Abweiskegel zu verlegen, wobei dann jedoch die oberste im Wandbereich vorgesehene Schlucköffnung vom Schüttgut passiert wird und somit ein Abweisblech zu erhalten hat. Die Anordnung der Stutzen sowie gegebenenfalls auch die Anordnung des Mischrohres bezüglich der Mittelachse des äußeren Behälters kann ebenfalls gemäß den praktischen Erfordernissen, wie z.B. Platzbedarf, geändert werden.In all exemplary embodiments, the deflector plates with or without their extension plates can also be produced by simply cutting and pressing in the wall of the mixing tube. The shape of the deflector plates can also be varied, and the flat deflector plates described and drawn can also be formed, for example, by curved, in particular conical, pieces of sheet metal. The arrangement of the swallowing openings can also be changed; for example, it is entirely possible to offset swallowing openings one above the other by 120 or 90 ° or by any other angle. If necessary, more than two swallow openings evenly distributed around the circumference can also be arranged at the same height, the deflector plates being dimensioned in a manner known in the art. Of course, it is also possible to prefer one or the other layer when mixing, by designing the deflector plate or the deflector plates of the swallowing openings assigned to this layer to be larger than a constant flow rate. In this way practically any mixing ratios can be predetermined. It is also possible to move the first, top swallowing opening, for example, into the deflecting cone, but then the uppermost swallowing opening provided in the wall area is passed by the bulk material and thus has to receive a deflector plate. The arrangement of the connecting piece and, if appropriate, also the arrangement of the mixing tube with respect to the central axis of the outer container can also be carried out in accordance with practical requirements, such as Space requirements to be changed.

Claims (28)

1. A mixing container (1) for mixed bulk material by gravity flow, having a mixing tube (3, 3') which is arranged substantially centrally and vertically in an outer container (2) and which is provided with a plurality of absorption openings (21.1 to 21.6) arranged at different levels for the escape of bulk material from different levels of a bulk-material column disposed in the outer container (2), the quantity of the bulk material to escape through an absorption opening (21.2 to 21.6) being determined while taking into account the number of the absorption openings (21.1 to 21.5 ) lying thereabove, all the absorption openings (21.1 to 21.6) opening into a common inner space (14) in the mixing tube (3, 3'), and a deflector plate (23) which projects into the inner space (14) and which covers part of the horizontal cross-section of the inner space (14) being arranged above each absorption opening (21.2 to 21.6) to be passed by the bulk material in the inner space (14), characterized in that the quantity of the bulk material to escape through the absorption opening (21.2 to 21.6) is determined while taking into account the number of the absorption openings (21.1 to 21.5) lying thereabove through a different size of the part of the horizontal cross-section of the inner space (14) covered by the deflector plates (23) arranged at different levels and associated with the respective absorption opening (21.2 to 21.6), the size of the absorption openings (21.1 to 21.6) being determined by the characteristics of the bulk material to prevent bridge-building.
2. A mixing container according to Claim 1, characterized in that, for the escape of substantially equal portions of bulk material in terms of percentage from all the absorption openings (21) into an inner space (14) which has a constant horizontal cross-section over its height provided with the absorption openings (21), the deflector plate (23) of each absorption opening (21.2 to 21.6) to be passed by the bulk material flow in the inner space covers the part of the cross-section of the mixing tube (3, 3') divided by the number of absorption openings lying thereabove plus one.
3. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the deflector plates (23) are arranged inclined inwardly downwards.
4. A mixing container according to Claim 3, characterized in that the deflector plates (23) have an inclination of from 20 to 45° to the vertical.
5. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the deflector plate (23) extends so far downwards that the slope face (26) formed by the bulk material from the absorption openings (21) lying there-above is situated below the lower edge of the associated absorption opening (21).
6. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the deflector plate (23) extends as far as the lower edge of the associated absorption opening (21).
7. A mixing container according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the deflector plate (23) contains an extension plate (27) which adjoins a free edge projecting into the inner space (14) of the mixing tube (3, 3') and which extends downwards substantially vertically.
8. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that absorption openings (21) lying one above the other are offset by 120° from one another in each case.
9. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that absorption openings (21) lying one above the other are offset by 180° from one another in each case.
10. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that two opposite absorption openings (21) or a plurality of absorption openings (21) distributed uniformly on the periphery are arranged at the same height in each case, wherein the overall proportion of bulk material in terms of percentage - able to escape through the absorption openings at the same height - results from the sum of the parts of the horizontal cross-section of the mixing tube (3') covered by the associated deflector plates (23) in each case.
11. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the outer container (2) has a funnel-shaped base part (5) with an outlet opening (6) into which an outlet opening (19, 28) of the mixing tube (3, 3') opens so as to form an annular outlet opening (20, 20').
12. A mixing container according to Claim 11, characterized in that the mixing tube (3) is provided at its lower end with a funnel (18) comprising the outlet opening (19).
13. A mixing container according to one of Claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the cross-sectional face of the annular outlet opening (20, 20') is smaller than the cross-sectional face of the outlet opening (19, 28) of the mixing container (3, 3') [sic].
14. A mixing container according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that all the funnel-wall openings are designed for mass flow.
15. A mixing container according to one of Claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the bulk material in the funnel (18) of the mixing tube (3) has a higher flow velocity than in the outer container (2).
16. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the deflector plates (23) are made flat.
17. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the deflector plates (23) are made convex, and in particular tapered.
18. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a deflector cone (16), which spans the entire horizontal cross-section of the mixing tube (3, 3') and prevents the mixing tube (3, 3') from being filled axially from above, is arranged above the uppermost absorption opening (21.1).
19. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the mixing tube (3, 3') has a polygonal horizontal cross-section.
20. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the deflector plates (23) are constructed as bends of wall parts of the mixing tube (3, 3').
21. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the deflector plates (23) are guided and held in previously sawn or milled slots.
22. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the mixing tube (3, 3') comprises bevelled or extruded parts.
23. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the outer container (2) has a socket (8) which is situated in its roof (7) and the internal width of which is greater than or equal to the external width of the mixing tube (3).
24. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the mixing tube (3, 3') is supported by way of struts (12) in the region of the lateral wall (4) and/or of the funnel-shaped base part (5) of the outer container (2).
25. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the mixing tube (3, 3') is suspended on the roof (7) of the outer container (2) and is merely guided in the lower part of the outer container (2).
26. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the mixing tube (3, 3') and the outer container (2) are produced from an aluminium alloy and all joints are welded.
27. A mixing container according to one of Claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the mixing tube (3, 3') is a high-grade steel structure, which is connected to the outer container (2) of aluminium by adhesion, screw or rivet connexions.
EP89115576A 1988-08-26 1989-08-23 Mixing recipient Expired - Lifetime EP0355813B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89115576T ATE82154T1 (en) 1988-08-26 1989-08-23 MIXING CONTAINER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3829055 1988-08-26
DE3829055A DE3829055A1 (en) 1988-08-26 1988-08-26 MIXING TANKS

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EP0355813A2 EP0355813A2 (en) 1990-02-28
EP0355813A3 EP0355813A3 (en) 1990-03-21
EP0355813B1 true EP0355813B1 (en) 1992-11-11
EP0355813B2 EP0355813B2 (en) 1998-04-29

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JP (1) JP2852668B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE82154T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3829055A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2036316T5 (en)

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US4978228A (en) 1990-12-18
JP2852668B2 (en) 1999-02-03
ATE82154T1 (en) 1992-11-15
ES2036316T3 (en) 1993-05-16
EP0355813A2 (en) 1990-02-28
EP0355813B2 (en) 1998-04-29
DE58902679D1 (en) 1992-12-17
EP0355813A3 (en) 1990-03-21
DE3829055A1 (en) 1990-03-01
JPH02152533A (en) 1990-06-12
ES2036316T5 (en) 1998-10-01

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