EP0353804B1 - Process for the production of cast iron with spheroidal graphite and/or vermicular graphite - Google Patents
Process for the production of cast iron with spheroidal graphite and/or vermicular graphite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0353804B1 EP0353804B1 EP89201831A EP89201831A EP0353804B1 EP 0353804 B1 EP0353804 B1 EP 0353804B1 EP 89201831 A EP89201831 A EP 89201831A EP 89201831 A EP89201831 A EP 89201831A EP 0353804 B1 EP0353804 B1 EP 0353804B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cast iron
- magnesium
- graphite
- treatment
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
- C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for producing cast iron with spheroidal graphite and / or vermicular graphite by treating the molten cast iron with a treatment agent which is enclosed by a metal jacket material and contains magnesium or magnesium and rare earth metals.
- spheroidal graphite cast iron To produce spheroidal graphite cast iron, it is known to treat the molten cast iron with spheroidal graphite-inducing elements, such as alkali or alkaline earth metals, magnesium or rare earth metals. The latter two are preferred in technical practice.
- spheroidal graphite-inducing elements such as alkali or alkaline earth metals, magnesium or rare earth metals.
- spheroidal graphite-inducing elements such as alkali or alkaline earth metals, magnesium or rare earth metals.
- Magnesium can be used in pure metallic form, using suitable devices which safely take into account the high reactivity of the metal during the melt treatment.
- Magnesium-containing master alloys which e.g. as melt-cast moldings or as pressed powder bodies or briquettes are usually used in the dipping process or pouring process.
- Magnesium-containing treatment agents are also known as so-called cored wires from DE-A-2 603 412, the powdered alloy being enclosed as a pressed core wire by a high-melting metal sheath, such as a steel sheath.
- EP-A-0 030 043 is concerned with a wire-shaped silicon-free treatment agent for metal melts, which contains Mg, Ca, and rare earths as a wire filling as well as at least one of the elements Fe, Ni and Mn.
- the sheath material of the aforementioned cored wire consists of iron or steel.
- US-A-3 459 541 is concerned with a process for treating cast iron melts which involves the addition of pressed briquettes made of Mg and chips from iron, steel or cast iron waste.
- Alloy components of magnesium or rare earth metals are predominantly calcium, aluminum, silicon, nickel and iron.
- Typical alloys have, for example, the composition 5.5 to 6.5% Mg, 1.5 to 2.5% Ca, 0.5 to 1.5% Al, 45 to 50% Si, balance Fe.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a treatment method for cast iron melts using a magnesium-containing treatment agent, in which the base melt does not experience any appreciable deviation from its directional analysis even when the agent is added excessively.
- the invention achieves the object, starting from a process for the production of cast iron with spheroidal graphite and / or with vermicular graphite, by treating the cast iron melt with a treatment agent in the form of a filled wire, which is enclosed by a metal sheath material and contains magnesium or magnesium and rare earth metals, characterized in that that its composition the following is:
- the magnesium-containing treatment agent used in the process of the invention must contain, in particular, carbon, silicon and manganese as essential components.
- Cast iron melts suitable for treatment according to the method of the invention are, for example, those for the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron of the analysis: or cast iron smelting for the production of cast iron with vermicular graphite of the analysis: or cast iron smelting for the production of alloyed cast iron with spheroidal graphite Analysis:
- the Mg-containing treatment agent used in the process of the invention is produced by methods known per se.
- the individual components are brought into powder form and the various powders are mixed to the desired composition, such as powder made of graphite, magnesium, FeSiMg, iron powder to form a treatment agent, for example the composition: 3.6% by weight C, 2.2% by weight % Si, 0.11% by weight Mn, 16.0% by weight Mg, 0.1% by weight Cu, balance Fe.
- the Mg-containing treatment agent is used in the form of a cored wire, the treatment powder being enclosed in a metal jacket.
- the casing material is generally steel; sheaths of the core filling made of nickel and nickel alloys can also be used.
- a jacket material made of nickel alloys is used in the method according to the invention when, for. B. an austenitic cast iron with nodular graphite is to be produced.
- the advantages of the method of the invention can be seen in the fact that, in particular in connection with a casting furnace, the amount of treatment agent containing Mg can be varied within wide limits without the composition of the cast iron, except in the Mg content or in the Mg content and SE metals, changes significantly.
- base irons of different analyzes were melted in a mains frequency induction furnace and then treated in a treatment vessel known per se with a treatment agent containing magnesium or magnesium and rare earth metals at temperatures between 1460 and 1500 ° C.
- the treatment agent consisted of a cored wire with an outside diameter between 5 and 6.5 mm.
- the steel jacket enveloping the treatment powder had a thickness of 0.35 mm.
- the chemical composition and the type and amount of graphite formation were determined on samples of the treated iron.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit und/oder Vermiculargraphit durch Behandeln der Gußeisenschmelze mit einem von einem Mantelwerkstoff aus Metall umschlossenen, Magnesium oder Magnesium und Seltene Erdmetalle enthaltenden Behandlungsmittel.The invention relates to a process for producing cast iron with spheroidal graphite and / or vermicular graphite by treating the molten cast iron with a treatment agent which is enclosed by a metal jacket material and contains magnesium or magnesium and rare earth metals.
Zur Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit ist es bekannt, die Gußeisenschmelze mit die Kugelgraphitbildung induzierenden Elementen zu behandeln, wie Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetalle, Magnesium oder Metalle der Seltenen Erden. Die beiden letzteren werden in der technischen Praxis bevorzugt. Magnesium kann in reiner metallischer Form eingesetzt werden, wobei man sich geeigneter Vorrichtungen bedient, die der hohen Reaktivität des Metalls bei der Schmelzbehandlung in sicherer Weise Rechnung tragen. Eine vereinfachte Handhabung bieten magnesiumhaltige Vorlegierungen, die z.B. als schmelzgegossene Formkörper oder als gepreßte Pulverkörper bzw. Briketts üblicherweise im Tauchverfahren oder Übergießverfahren eingesetzt werden. Magnesiumhaltige Behandlungsmittel sind auch als sogenannte Fülldrähte aus der DE-A-2 603 412 bekannt, wobei die pulverförmige Legierung als gepreßter Kerndraht von einem hochschmelzenden Metallmantel, wie Stahlmantel umschlossen ist.To produce spheroidal graphite cast iron, it is known to treat the molten cast iron with spheroidal graphite-inducing elements, such as alkali or alkaline earth metals, magnesium or rare earth metals. The latter two are preferred in technical practice. Magnesium can be used in pure metallic form, using suitable devices which safely take into account the high reactivity of the metal during the melt treatment. Magnesium-containing master alloys, which e.g. as melt-cast moldings or as pressed powder bodies or briquettes are usually used in the dipping process or pouring process. Magnesium-containing treatment agents are also known as so-called cored wires from DE-A-2 603 412, the powdered alloy being enclosed as a pressed core wire by a high-melting metal sheath, such as a steel sheath.
EP-A-0 030 043 beschäftigt sich mit einem drahtförmigen siliciumfreien Behandlungsmittel für Metallschmelzen, welches als Drahtfüllung Mg, Ca, und Seltene Erden sowie mindestens eines der Elemente Fe, Ni und Mn enthält. Der Mantelwerkstoff des genannten Fülldrahtes besteht aus Eisen oder Stahl. US-A-3 459 541 beschäftigt sich mit einem Verfahren zur Behandlung von Gußeisenschmelzen, welches die Zugabe von gepreßten Briketts aus Mg und Späne aus Eisen-, Stahl- oder Gußeisenabfällen beinhaltet.EP-A-0 030 043 is concerned with a wire-shaped silicon-free treatment agent for metal melts, which contains Mg, Ca, and rare earths as a wire filling as well as at least one of the elements Fe, Ni and Mn. The sheath material of the aforementioned cored wire consists of iron or steel. US-A-3 459 541 is concerned with a process for treating cast iron melts which involves the addition of pressed briquettes made of Mg and chips from iron, steel or cast iron waste.
Legierungskomponenten des Magnesiums oder der Metalle der Seltenen Erden sind in den überwiegenden Fällen Calcium, Aluminium, Silicium, Nickel und Eisen. Übliche Legierungen haben beispielsweise die Zusammensetzung 5,5 bis 6,5 % Mg, 1,5 bis 2,5 % Ca, 0,5 bis 1,5 % Al, 45 bis 50 % Si, Rest Fe.Alloy components of magnesium or rare earth metals are predominantly calcium, aluminum, silicon, nickel and iron. Typical alloys have, for example, the composition 5.5 to 6.5% Mg, 1.5 to 2.5% Ca, 0.5 to 1.5% Al, 45 to 50% Si, balance Fe.
Es ist ersichtlich, daß in einer Gußeisenschmelze, die für den erstrebten Zweck nur einmal mit einer Mg-Vorlegierung behandelt wird, der Einfluß der anderen, nicht induzierend wirkenden Legierungskomponenten, wie Silicium und Aluminium, auf die Basiseisenschmelze, nicht vernachlässigt werden kann; dies ist beispielsweise der Fall bei der Behandlung der Gußeisenschmelze mit Mg-haltigen Vorlegierungen auf Basis von z.B. Ferrosilicium in der Behandlungspfanne oder bei der Behandlung in der Gießform.It can be seen that in a cast iron melt which is treated only once with a Mg master alloy for the intended purpose, the influence of the other non-inductive alloy components, such as silicon and aluminum, on the base iron melt cannot be neglected; this is the case, for example, when treating the cast iron melt with Mg-containing master alloys based on e.g. Ferrosilicon in the treatment pan or in the treatment in the casting mold.
Hingegen erfordern Verfahrensweisen in sogenannten Vergießöfen in aller Regel besondere Aufmerksamkeit. In Abhängigkeit von den örtlichen Gegebenheiten solcher Vergießöfen, wie Bauweise, Alter, unterschiedlichste Fertigungsprogramme, z.B. Kugelgraphiteisen, Vermiculargraphiteisen, nickellegiertes Gußeisen usw., läßt sich der gewünschte Restmagnesiumgehalt der behandelten Schmelze in den überwiegenden Fällen nur in einer sogenannten Über- oder Unterbehandlung oder in einer Mehrfachbehandlung der Basisschmelzen mit einem Magnesiumträger einstellen. Ersichtlich wird durch eine z.B. Überbehandlung mit üblichen magnesiumhaltigen Vorlegierungen aber auch die Zusammensetzung des Basiseisens in meist unerwünschter Weise verändert, beispielsweise Veränderung des Gehaltes an z.B. Si, C, Al, Mn.On the other hand, procedures in so-called potting ovens generally require special attention. Depending on the local conditions of such casting furnaces, such as construction, age, various manufacturing programs, e.g. spheroidal graphite iron, vermicular graphite iron, nickel-alloyed cast iron, etc., the desired residual magnesium content of the treated melt can in most cases only be so-called over or under treatment or in one Set multiple treatments of the base melts with a magnesium carrier. Obviously, the over-treatment with conventional magnesium-containing master alloys, for example, also changes the composition of the base iron in an undesirable manner, for example changing the content of, for example, Si, C, Al, Mn.
Eine unerwünschte Änderung der Analyse des Basiseisens bei der Magnesiumbehandlung von Eisenschmelzen läßt sich im Prinzip dadurch vermeiden, daß die Mg-Behandlung z.B. mit einem Produkt vorgenommen wird, das aus Reinmagnesium besteht. Ein solches Produkt ist unter den Bedingungen der Eisenschmelzen hochreaktiv und nur mit hohem technischen und apparativen Aufwand einzusetzen und daher wenig wirtschaftlich Außerdem läßt sich mit Reinmagnesium der angestrebte sogenannte Restmagnesium-Gehalt erfahrungsgemäß in der technischen Praxis nicht hinreichend genau und reproduzierbar einstellen.An undesirable change in the analysis of the base iron in the magnesium treatment of molten iron can in principle be avoided by the Mg treatment e.g. with a product made of pure magnesium. Such a product is highly reactive under the conditions of molten iron and can only be used with a high level of technical and apparatus expenditure and is therefore not very economical. Experience has also shown that with pure magnesium the desired residual magnesium content cannot be set sufficiently accurately and reproducibly in technical practice.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde ein Behandlungsverfahren für Gußeisenschmelzen unter Verwendung eines magnesiumhaltigen Behandlungsmittels anzugeben, bei dem die Basisschmelze auch bei überhöhter Zugabe des Mittels keine nennenswerte Abweichung von ihrer Richtanalyse erfährt.The invention is based on the object of specifying a treatment method for cast iron melts using a magnesium-containing treatment agent, in which the base melt does not experience any appreciable deviation from its directional analysis even when the agent is added excessively.
Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe, ausgehend von einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit und/oder mit Vermiculargraphit durch Behandeln der Gußeisenschmelze mit einem von einem Mantelwerkstoff aus Metall umschlossenen, Magnesium oder Magnesium und Seltene Erdmetalle enthaltenden Behandlungsmittel in Form eines gefüllten Drahtes, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dessen Zusammensetzung folgende ist:
Das im Verfahren der Erfindung eingesetzte magnesiumhaltige Behandlungsmittel muß als wesentliche Komponenten insbesondere Kohlenstoff, Silicium und Mangan enthalten.The magnesium-containing treatment agent used in the process of the invention must contain, in particular, carbon, silicon and manganese as essential components.
Zur Behandlung gemäß dem Verfahren der Erfindung geeignete Gußeisenschmelzen sind beispeilsweise solche zur Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit der Analyse:
oder Gußeisenschmelzen zur Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Vermiculargraphit der Analyse:
oder Gußeisenschmelzen zur Herstellung von legiertem Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit der Analyse:
or cast iron smelting for the production of cast iron with vermicular graphite of the analysis:
or cast iron smelting for the production of alloyed cast iron with spheroidal graphite Analysis:
Die Herstellung des im Verfahren der Erfindung verwendeten Mg-haltigen Behandlungsmittels erfolgt nach an sich bekannten Methoden. Beispielsweise werden die einzelnen Komponenten in Pulverform gebracht und die verschiedenen Pulver zur gewünschten Zusammensetzung vermischt, wie Pulver aus Graphit, Magnesium, FeSiMg, Eisenpulver zu einem Behandlungsmittel, beispielsweise der Zusammensetzung: 3,6 Gew.-% C, 2,2 Gew.-% Si, 0,11 Gew.-% Mn, 16,0 Gew.-% Mg, 0,1 Gew.-% Cu, Rest Fe.The Mg-containing treatment agent used in the process of the invention is produced by methods known per se. For example, the individual components are brought into powder form and the various powders are mixed to the desired composition, such as powder made of graphite, magnesium, FeSiMg, iron powder to form a treatment agent, for example the composition: 3.6% by weight C, 2.2% by weight % Si, 0.11% by weight Mn, 16.0% by weight Mg, 0.1% by weight Cu, balance Fe.
Das Mg-haltige Behandlungsmittel wird in Form eines Fülldrahtes verwendet, wobei das Behandlungspulver von einem Metallmantel umschlossen ist. Der Mantelwerkstoff ist im allgemeinen Stahl; es können aber auch Ummantelungen der Kernfüllung aus Nickel und Nickel-Legierungen verwendet werden. Ein Mantelwerkstoff aus Nickellegierungen wird im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren dann verwendet, wenn z. B. ein austenitisches Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit hergestellt werden soll.The Mg-containing treatment agent is used in the form of a cored wire, the treatment powder being enclosed in a metal jacket. The casing material is generally steel; sheaths of the core filling made of nickel and nickel alloys can also be used. A jacket material made of nickel alloys is used in the method according to the invention when, for. B. an austenitic cast iron with nodular graphite is to be produced.
Die Vorteile des Verfahrens der Erfindung sind darin zu sehen, daß insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit einem Vergießofen die Zugabemenge des Mg-haltigen Behandlungsmittels in weiten Grenzen variiert werden kann, ohne daß sich die Zusammensetzung des Gußeisens, außer im Mg-Gehalt oder im Gehalt an Mg und SE-Metallen, nennenswert ändert.The advantages of the method of the invention can be seen in the fact that, in particular in connection with a casting furnace, the amount of treatment agent containing Mg can be varied within wide limits without the composition of the cast iron, except in the Mg content or in the Mg content and SE metals, changes significantly.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der nachstehenden Beispiele näher und beispielhaft erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail and by way of example using the examples below.
In den nachfolgenden in der Tabelle aufgeführten Beispielen wurden Basiseisen unterschiedlicher Analyse in einem Netzfrequenz-Induktionsofen erschmolzen und anschließend in einem an sich bekannten Behandlungsgefäß mit einem Magnesium bzw. Magnesium und Seltene Erdmetalle enthaltenden Behandlungsmittel bei Temperaturen zwischen 1460 und 1500°C behandelt. Das Behandlungsmittel bestand aus einem Fülldraht mit einem Außendurchmesser zwischen 5 und 6,5 mm. Der das Behandlungspulver einhüllende Stahlmantel hatte eine Dicke von 0,35 mm. An Proben des behandelten Eisens wurden die chemische Zusammensetzung sowie an Schliffbildern Art und Menge der Graphitausbildung ermittelt.
Claims (2)
- Process for the production of cast iron with spheroidal graphite and/or vermicular graphite by treatment of the cast iron melts with a treatment agent in the form of a filled wire, enclosed by a casing material of metal, containing magnesium or magnesium and rare earth metals, characterised in that the treatment agent has the following composition:
1.00 to 45.00 wt.% magnesium
3.00 to 5.00 wt.% carbon
1.50 to 6.00 wt.% silicon
0.10 to 0.60 wt.% manganese
max 0.05 wt.% phosphorus
max. 0.01 wt.% sulphur
0 to 5.00 wt.% rare earth metals
0 to 0.20 wt.% titanium
0 to 6.00 wt.% chromium
0 to 1.00 wt.% copper
0 to 40.00 wt.% nickel
remainder iron - Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the casing material is steel or nickel or a nickel alloy.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3824175A DE3824175A1 (en) | 1988-07-16 | 1988-07-16 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CAST IRON WITH SPHERICAL GRAPHITE AND / OR VERMICULAR GRAPHITE |
| DE3824175 | 1988-07-16 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0353804A1 EP0353804A1 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
| EP0353804B1 true EP0353804B1 (en) | 1994-05-04 |
Family
ID=6358834
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89201831A Expired - Lifetime EP0353804B1 (en) | 1988-07-16 | 1989-07-11 | Process for the production of cast iron with spheroidal graphite and/or vermicular graphite |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0353804B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3824175A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2052885T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4124159C2 (en) * | 1991-07-20 | 1996-08-14 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Master alloy for the treatment of cast iron melts |
| DE4324494C2 (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1995-04-20 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Process for treating molten cast iron |
| BR0105989B1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2009-08-11 | graphically cast iron of high mechanical resistance. | |
| EA008521B1 (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2007-06-29 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью «Промышленная Компания "Новые Перспективные Продукты"» | Alloy for modifying iron |
| BR102016022690B1 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2022-02-08 | Tupy S.A. | VERMICULAR CAST IRON ALLOY FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE BLOCK AND HEAD |
| CN109023025B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-11-29 | 江苏力源金河铸造有限公司 | A kind of preparation method with high-elongation vermicular cast iron |
| CN113112514B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2024-05-17 | 汇鸿智能科技(辽宁)有限公司 | Method, device, computer equipment and storage medium for identifying graphite size by AI |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3459541A (en) * | 1966-09-22 | 1969-08-05 | Gen Motors Corp | Process for making nodular iron |
| DE1302000B (en) * | 1968-03-21 | 1969-09-25 | Elektrometallurgie Gmbh | Briquette for introducing magnesium into metallic melts |
| JPS5214511A (en) * | 1975-07-25 | 1977-02-03 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Process for producing a linear additive |
| DE2948636A1 (en) * | 1979-12-04 | 1981-06-11 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | WIRE-SHAPED AGENT FOR TREATING METAL MELT |
-
1988
- 1988-07-16 DE DE3824175A patent/DE3824175A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-07-11 EP EP89201831A patent/EP0353804B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-11 DE DE58907597T patent/DE58907597D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-11 ES ES89201831T patent/ES2052885T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0353804A1 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
| DE3824175A1 (en) | 1990-01-18 |
| ES2052885T3 (en) | 1994-07-16 |
| DE58907597D1 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
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