EP0349891A1 - Device and process for decontaminating solid material and/or bulk material and elimination of the pollutants - Google Patents
Device and process for decontaminating solid material and/or bulk material and elimination of the pollutants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0349891A1 EP0349891A1 EP89111734A EP89111734A EP0349891A1 EP 0349891 A1 EP0349891 A1 EP 0349891A1 EP 89111734 A EP89111734 A EP 89111734A EP 89111734 A EP89111734 A EP 89111734A EP 0349891 A1 EP0349891 A1 EP 0349891A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pollutants
- continuous furnace
- moisture
- chamber
- furnace according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
- F23G2201/101—Drying by heat using indirect heat transfer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/50—Devolatilising; from soil, objects
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device by means of which inorganic materials which are contaminated by organic pollutants, e.g. chlorinated dioxins and furans, polychlorinated biphenyls or chlorinated hydrocarbons, are contaminated, can be almost completely freed from the pollutants; it also relates to a method for decontamination and removal or decomposition of the pollutants, which can be carried out by means of the device.
- organic pollutants e.g. chlorinated dioxins and furans, polychlorinated biphenyls or chlorinated hydrocarbons
- the method according to DE-PS 27 35 913 is based on this method, in which activated carbon particles are reactivated in an elongated combustion chamber without the activated carbon particles burning.
- Infrared emitters infrared lamps are used to supplement the heat generated by combustion in this process.
- the present invention now solves the problem of creating a device in which a continuous furnace is provided, in which moisture and pollutants by indirect heating of the solid or piece goods (and corresponding desorption of the pollutants) with the help of radiation, for example infrared radiation, as a heat source the gas phase are transferred, and which has a separate reaction chamber with one or more burners, wherein the gas phase is a thermal or oxidative treatment to destroy the pollutants when the heat generated is used directly, and optionally downstream devices for aftertreatment of the exhaust gases before they are discharged to the outside.
- radiation for example infrared radiation
- the invention also relates to the method for decontamination and decomposition of the pollutants by means of the new device.
- FIG. 2 shows a variant of the device in which the removal and removal of the moisture from the contaminated material is connected upstream of the pollutant drive in a separate chamber.
- the radiator can be placed closer to the material to be treated in the part, since less cross-section is required for gas / steam discharge.
- the contaminated material is in the container 1, which is brought into the continuous furnace 3 via the feeder 2.
- the combustion chamber 6 acts as an infrared radiator.
- a transport device guides the contaminated material through the furnace, at the end of which it is released into the cooling device 10 through a lock. From there, the decontaminated material reaches the collecting container 11. The coolant from the cooling device 10 is discharged via 12.
- the gas phase in the continuous furnace 3, which contains moisture and pollutants, is conducted via line 5 into the combustion chamber 6 at one end.
- the pollutant-free exhaust gas is passed through the pipe 8, possibly for further use of the heat content via the heat exchanger 8a, into the aftertreatment device 9, from there then into the open air.
- the burners 7 are operated with conventional fuels, preferably with propane. They are expediently designed so that they can also be operated with the addition of pollutant-containing gas with a low calorific value.
- the material entry from the container 1 into the continuous furnace 3 takes place, for example, with a metering belt which removes the contaminated material directly from the container or via an inlet chute, and a downstream entry lock with a distributor element above the furnace belt.
- the entry lock takes over one of the essential separations of the (closed) furnace system from the environment.
- the continuous furnace 3 preferably consists of a sheet steel housing with an insulation made of lightweight ceramic materials, in which a conveyor belt made of thermally resilient material, e.g. a wire mesh belt, a plate belt or a trough belt is installed, which, preferably with chains on both sides or other devices, is guided exactly lengthways material containing pollutants feeds through the heating zones at an adjustable feed rate.
- the heating takes place by means of the infrared radiation emanating from the combustion chamber 6 installed in the furnace.
- the Combustion chamber 6 preferably consists of ceramic material or corrosion and heat-resistant metal alloys. It can be in one or more parts and have one or more burners 7. For example, the combustion chamber 6 can be divided into several interconnected chambers, each equipped with a separately controllable burner 7.
- Burner 7 and chambers are designed so that surface temperatures between about 700 and 1200 ° C can be reached.
- the combustion chamber itself thus acts as an infrared radiator and is used to heat the material entered in the continuous furnace 3, first for moisture removal up to about 250 ° C and then for pollutant removal at higher temperatures (up to about 850 ° C).
- the continuous furnace 3 is divided into several temperature control zones, the temperature range of each zone between about 200 ° C and about 850 ° C can be adjusted precisely. If desired, 3 further heating elements are provided in the continuous furnace.
- the elements 1 to 12 have the meaning given in Figure 1.
- the continuous furnace is divided into two chambers (13 and 14), 13 for moisture removal (drying), 14 for desorption of the pollutants.
- the steam is fed via line 15 to the combustion chamber (infrared radiator) 6 and mixed with the pollutant-containing gas from chamber 14.
- a heating element is used, which is the waste heat of the Combustion chamber 6 is used.
- a vacuum is used in the method according to the invention.
- the vacuum can be reduced by conventional means, e.g. with a fan installed at a suitable point in the continuous furnace.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung, mit deren Hilfe anorganische Materialien, die durch organische Schadstoffe, z.B. chlorierte Dioxine und Furane, polychlorierte Biphenyle oder Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe, kontaminiert sind, praktisch vollständig von den Schadstoffen befreit werden können; sie betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Dekontamination und Beseitigung bzw. Zersetzung der Schadstoffe, das mittels der Vorrichtung durchgeführt werden kann.The invention relates to a device by means of which inorganic materials which are contaminated by organic pollutants, e.g. chlorinated dioxins and furans, polychlorinated biphenyls or chlorinated hydrocarbons, are contaminated, can be almost completely freed from the pollutants; it also relates to a method for decontamination and removal or decomposition of the pollutants, which can be carried out by means of the device.
Aus der US-PS 3 648 630 ist ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Abfallmaterial bekannt, bei dem das kontaminierte Material in einer Verbrennungskammer einer Hitzebehandlung unterworfen wird, wobei ein Teil der Verbrennungsgase zur Unterstützung des Verbrennungsvorgangs am Auslaß entnommen und zum Einlaß zurückgeführt wird.From US Pat. No. 3,648,630 a method for the heat treatment of waste material is known, in which the contaminated material is subjected to a heat treatment in a combustion chamber, a part of the combustion gases being removed at the outlet to support the combustion process and being returned to the inlet.
Auf dieses Verfahren stützt sich das Verfahren gemäß DE-PS 27 35 913, bei dem Aktivkohleteilchen in einer länglichen Verbrennungskammer reaktiviert werden, ohne daß die Aktivkohleteilchen verbrennen. Zur Ergänzung der Wärmeentwicklung, die bei diesem Verfahren durch Verbrennung entsteht, dienen Infrarotstrahler (Infrarotlampen).The method according to DE-PS 27 35 913 is based on this method, in which activated carbon particles are reactivated in an elongated combustion chamber without the activated carbon particles burning. Infrared emitters (infrared lamps) are used to supplement the heat generated by combustion in this process.
Die vorliegende Erfindung löst nun die Aufgabe, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, bei der ein Durchlaufofen vorgesehen ist, in dem Feuchtigkeit und Schadstoffe durch indirektes Erwärmen des Feststoffs oder Stückguts (und dementsprechende Desorption der Schadstoffe) mit Hilfe von Strahlung, z.B. Infrarotstrahlung, als Wärmequelle in die Gasphase überführt werden, und die einen separaten Reaktionsraum mit einem oder mehreren Brennern aufweist, worin die Gasphase einer thermischen bzw. oxidativen Behandlung zur Zerstörung der Schadstoffe bei direkter Nutzung der dabei erzeugten Wärme unterworfen wird, sowie gegebenenfalls nachgeschalteten Vorrichtungen zur Nachbehandlung der Abgase, bevor diese nach außen abgeleitet werden.The present invention now solves the problem of creating a device in which a continuous furnace is provided, in which moisture and pollutants by indirect heating of the solid or piece goods (and corresponding desorption of the pollutants) with the help of radiation, for example infrared radiation, as a heat source the gas phase are transferred, and which has a separate reaction chamber with one or more burners, wherein the gas phase is a thermal or oxidative treatment to destroy the pollutants when the heat generated is used directly, and optionally downstream devices for aftertreatment of the exhaust gases before they are discharged to the outside.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner das Verfahren zur Dekontamination und Zersetzung der Schadstoffe mittels der neuen Vorrichtung.The invention also relates to the method for decontamination and decomposition of the pollutants by means of the new device.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist schematisch in Figur 1 dargestellt. Figur 2 stellt eine Variante der Vorrichtung dar, bei der die Entfernung und Abführung der Feuchtigkeit aus dem kontaminierten Material in einer gesonderten Kammer dem Schadstoffabtrieb vorgeschaltet ist. Die getrennte Abführung der desorbierten Feuchte hat den Vorteil, daß im anschließenden Teil (2. Kammer) die Infrarotstrahlung voll zur Schadstoffdesorption zur Verfügung steht (= verbesserter Reinigungseffekt bei gleichem Energieverbrauch). Außerdem kann in dem Teil der Strahler näher an dem zu behandelnden Gut angebracht werden, da weniger Querschnitt für Gas-/Dampf-Abführung erforderlich ist.The device according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 shows a variant of the device in which the removal and removal of the moisture from the contaminated material is connected upstream of the pollutant drive in a separate chamber. The separate removal of the desorbed moisture has the advantage that in the next part (2nd chamber) the infrared radiation is fully available for the desorption of pollutants (= improved cleaning effect with the same energy consumption). In addition, the radiator can be placed closer to the material to be treated in the part, since less cross-section is required for gas / steam discharge.
In Figur 1 befindet sich in dem Behälter 1 das kontaminierte Material, das über die Zuführung 2 in den Durchlaufofen 3 gebracht wird. In ihm wirkt die Verbrennungskammer 6 als Infrarotstrahler. Eine Transportvorrichtung führt das kontaminierte Material durch den Ofen, an dessen Ende es durch eine Schleuse in die Kühlvorrichtung 10 abgegeben wird. Von dort gelangt das dekontaminierte Material in den Auffangbehälter 11. Das Kühlmittel aus der Kühlvorrichtung 10 wird über 12 abgeleitet.In Figure 1, the contaminated material is in the
Die Gasphase im Durchlaufofen 3, die Feuchtigkeit und Schadstoffe enthält, wird über die Leitung 5 am einen Ende in die Verbrennungskammer 6 geleitet. Nach der Wärmebehandlung, zu der die Brenner 7 dienen, wird das schadstofffreie Abgas über das Rohr 8, gegebenenfalls zur weiteren Nutzung des Wärmeinhalts über den Wärmeaustauscher 8a, in die Nachbehandlungsvorrichtung 9 geleitet, von dort dann ins Freie.The gas phase in the
Die Brenner 7 werden mit üblichen Brennstoffen, vorzugsweise mit Propan betrieben. Sie werden zweckmäßig so ausgelegt, daß sie auch unter Zumischung schadstoffhaltigen Gases mit niedrigem Heizwert betrieben werden können.The burners 7 are operated with conventional fuels, preferably with propane. They are expediently designed so that they can also be operated with the addition of pollutant-containing gas with a low calorific value.
Der Materialeintrag aus dem Behälter 1 in den Durchlaufofen 3 erfolgt beispielsweise mit einem Dosierband, das das kontaminierte Material direkt aus dem Behälter oder über eine Zulaufschurre entnimmt, und einer nachgeschalteten Eintragsschleuse mit einem Verteilerorgan über dem Ofenband. Die Eintragsschleuse übernimmt eine der wesentlichen Abtrennungen des (geschlossenen) Ofensystems gegenüber dem Umfeld.The material entry from the
Der Durchlaufofen 3 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Stahlblechgehäuse mit einer Isolierung aus keramischen Leichtbaustoffen, in dem ein Transportband aus thermisch belastbarem Material, z.B. ein Drahtgewebeband, ein Plattenband oder ein Trogband installiert ist, welches, vorzugsweise mit beidseitigen Ketten oder anderen Einrichtungen exakt läng geführt, das schadstoffhaltige Material in regelbarem Vorschub durch die Heizzonen hindurchführt. Die Beheizung erfolgt durch die Infrarotstrahlung, die von der in den Ofen eingebauten Verbrennungskammer 6 ausgeht. Die Verbrennungskammer 6 besteht vorzugsweise aus keramischem Material oder korrosions- und hitzebeständigen Metall-Legierungen. Sie kann ein- oder mehrteilig sein und einen oder mehrere Brenner 7 aufweisen. Beispielsweise kann die Verbrennungskammer 6 in mehrere miteinander verbundene, jeweils mit einem gesondert regelbaren Brenner 7 ausgestattete Kammern aufgeteilt sein. Auf diese Weise läßt sich die Heizwirkung in den Heizzonen, in denen Feuchtigkeitsabtrieb und Desorption der Schadstoffe erfolgen, besser dosieren. Brenner 7 und Kammern sind so ausgelegt, daß Oberflächentemperaturen zwischen etwa 700 und 1200°C erreicht werden. Die Verbrennungskammer selbst wirkt also als Infrarotstrahler und dient zum Erwärmen des in den Duchlaufofen 3 eingetragenen Materials, zunächst für den Feuchteabtrieb bis etwa 250°C und danach für den Schadstoffabtrieb bei höheren Temperaturen (bis etwa 850°C). Der Durchlaufofen 3 ist in mehrere Temperaturregelzonen unterteilt, wobei der Temperaturbereich jeder Zone zwischen etwa 200°C und etwa 850°C genau einreguliert werden kann. Gewünschtenfalls werden in dem Durchlaufofen 3 weitere Heizelemente vorgesehen.The
In Figur 2 haben die Elemente 1 bis 12 die bei Figur 1 angegebene Bedeutung. Der Durchlaufofen ist jedoch in zwei Kammern (13 und 14) unterteilt, wobei 13 zum Feuchteabtrieb (Trocknung), 14 zur Desorption der Schadstoffe dient. Der Dampf wird über die Leitung 15 der Verbrennungskammer (Infrarotstrahler) 6 zugeführt und mit dem schadstoffhaltigen Gas aus der Kammer 14 vermischt.In Figure 2, the
Für den Trocknungsprozeß in der Kammer 13 wird ein Heizelement verwendet, das die Abwärme der Verbrennungskammer 6 ausnutzt.For the drying process in the
Um ein Entweichen von Schadstoffen sicher zu unterbinden, wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mit Unterdruck gearbeitet. Der Unterdruck kann mit üblichen Mitteln, z.B. mit einem an geeigneter Stelle im Durchlaufofen eingebauten Ventilator erzeugt werden.In order to reliably prevent the escape of pollutants, a vacuum is used in the method according to the invention. The vacuum can be reduced by conventional means, e.g. with a fan installed at a suitable point in the continuous furnace.
Generell ist es zweckmäßig, im erfindungsgemäßen Durchlaufofen mehrere Zonen vorzusehen, in denen das zu behandelnde Material unterschiedlichen Temperaturen ausgesetzt wird. Dazu werden in Zonen niedrigerer Temperatur zunächst leichter flüchtige Substanzen und Feuchte abgetrieben und abgeführt, danach in Zonen höherer Temperatur die schwerer flüchtigen Schadstoffe.In general, it is expedient to provide several zones in the continuous furnace according to the invention, in which the material to be treated is exposed to different temperatures. For this purpose, more volatile substances and moisture are first driven off and removed in zones of lower temperature, then the more volatile pollutants in zones of higher temperature.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89111734T ATE71202T1 (en) | 1988-07-04 | 1989-06-28 | DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR DECONTAMINATION OF SOLIDS RESPECTIVELY. BULK MATERIAL AND REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3822534A DE3822534A1 (en) | 1988-07-04 | 1988-07-04 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DECONTAMINATING SOLIDS OR. Bulk goods and disposal of pollutants |
DE3822534 | 1988-07-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0349891A1 true EP0349891A1 (en) | 1990-01-10 |
EP0349891B1 EP0349891B1 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
Family
ID=6357888
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19890111734 Expired - Lifetime EP0349891B1 (en) | 1988-07-04 | 1989-06-28 | Device and process for decontaminating solid material and/or bulk material and elimination of the pollutants |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0349891B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH04501305A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE71202T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3822534A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2028418T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3003781T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990000237A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4206109C2 (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1994-09-01 | Bruker Franzen Analytik Gmbh | Method and device for processing solid samples with the aid of pyrolytic evaporation for analysis by means of a mass spectrometer or a gas chromatograph |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3648630A (en) * | 1970-05-20 | 1972-03-14 | Shirco Inc | Incinerator |
US3780676A (en) * | 1972-05-08 | 1973-12-25 | Air Preheater | Metallic recovery system |
US4667609A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1987-05-26 | Robert Hardison | Apparatus and method for treatment of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons |
DE3635068A1 (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1988-04-21 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Process and plant for the combined thermal disposal of contaminated soil, refuse, special waste, sewage sludge and waste oil |
-
1988
- 1988-07-04 DE DE3822534A patent/DE3822534A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-06-28 WO PCT/EP1989/000730 patent/WO1990000237A1/en unknown
- 1989-06-28 EP EP19890111734 patent/EP0349891B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-28 ES ES198989111734T patent/ES2028418T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-28 AT AT89111734T patent/ATE71202T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-28 DE DE8989111734T patent/DE58900659D1/en not_active Revoked
- 1989-06-28 JP JP1507211A patent/JPH04501305A/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-02-11 GR GR920400207T patent/GR3003781T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3648630A (en) * | 1970-05-20 | 1972-03-14 | Shirco Inc | Incinerator |
US3780676A (en) * | 1972-05-08 | 1973-12-25 | Air Preheater | Metallic recovery system |
US4667609A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1987-05-26 | Robert Hardison | Apparatus and method for treatment of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons |
DE3635068A1 (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1988-04-21 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Process and plant for the combined thermal disposal of contaminated soil, refuse, special waste, sewage sludge and waste oil |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0349891B1 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
WO1990000237A1 (en) | 1990-01-11 |
ATE71202T1 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
GR3003781T3 (en) | 1993-03-16 |
DE3822534A1 (en) | 1990-01-11 |
ES2028418T3 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
DE58900659D1 (en) | 1992-02-13 |
JPH04501305A (en) | 1992-03-05 |
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