EP0348927A1 - Anordnung und Verfahren zur Eindringdetektion - Google Patents

Anordnung und Verfahren zur Eindringdetektion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0348927A1
EP0348927A1 EP89111749A EP89111749A EP0348927A1 EP 0348927 A1 EP0348927 A1 EP 0348927A1 EP 89111749 A EP89111749 A EP 89111749A EP 89111749 A EP89111749 A EP 89111749A EP 0348927 A1 EP0348927 A1 EP 0348927A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
linear pressure
time difference
circuit
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP89111749A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rudolf Genähr
Hansjürg Mahler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
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Cerberus AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Publication of EP0348927A1 publication Critical patent/EP0348927A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/20—Actuation by change of fluid pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an intrusion detection arrangement for monitoring a border with at least two sensor hoses laid in the ground at a distance from one another along the border to be monitored, and to a method for monitoring a border according to the preamble of claim 9.
  • Such an arrangement is known for example from US-A-4,400,695 and is used for perimeter monitoring, i.e. to monitor the boundaries of outdoor areas against entry by unauthorized persons or being run over by vehicles.
  • two sensor hoses are laid next to each other in the floor along the border to be monitored; the hoses are filled with a fluid which transmits the pressure waves or vibrations caused by an intruder to electroacoustic transducers which are arranged at the ends of the hoses.
  • the output signals of these transducers are evaluated by an evaluation circuit in such a way that an alarm signal is only given when the difference signal of the two sensor tubes exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the location of the penetration can be determined from the transit times of the pressure wave if electroacoustic transducers are attached to both ends of the sensor tubes.
  • the invention is based on the object of eliminating the disadvantages of the intrusion detection arrangements of the prior art and, in particular, of creating a detection arrangement which has improved sensitivity responsiveness to an intruder, but not to other environmental influences.
  • the detection arrangement should suppress false alarm signaling with greater certainty and make attempts to sabotage or outsmarting impossible; it should also enable a more precise localization of the location of an intrusion attempt.
  • the object of the invention is also a method for monitoring a border, which makes it possible to differentiate with greater certainty the unauthorized crossing of the border by people and vehicles from random environmental disturbances, such as weather events, movement of animals and the like, and it furthermore enables the location of the border crossing to be safely located.
  • an additional display device 6) is provided in the evaluation circuit, which is designed so that it displays an alarm signal generated by the amplitude discriminator circuit and / or the point of impact of the pressure waves on the linear pressure sensor determined by the localization circuit.
  • the evaluation circuit used in the intrusion detection arrangement according to the invention thus not only evaluates the amplitudes of the pressure waves in the sensor tubes like the known arrangements, but also combines several measured variables with a much more intelligent evaluation; i.e. the time difference of the correlated signals arriving via the linear pressure sensors is first determined. This time difference corresponding to the propagation time of the sound between the two sensor tubes indicates by its sign on which side of the boundary the structure-borne noise source, e.g. an intruder, is completely independent of the amplitude of the incoming signals.
  • a decrease in the size of the time difference between the arrival of the signals or a reversal of their sign is an unmistakable sign that the structure-borne sound source has moved into the space between the sensor tubes or has exceeded both tubes. Only when this fact has been determined by the time difference circuit is the amplitude measured at the same time evaluated. Since this amplitude is a measure of the mass of the penetrated object, an alarm signal is only triggered if this amplitude or its time integral, ie the mass of the object, is in a predetermined range, for example exceeds a predetermined threshold value. The false alarm security of the intrusion detection arrangement according to the invention is thereby significantly improved.
  • a linear pressure sensor e.g. a piezoelectric cable or a pressure sensitive fiber optic cable
  • a linear pressure sensor e.g. a piezoelectric cable or a pressure sensitive fiber optic cable
  • the signals are practically at the speed of light, i.e. without significant time delay, to the evaluation circuit and that the problems caused by differences in the running times in the media in the two sensor tubes are eliminated (e.g. by an arc-shaped laying of the sensor tubes).
  • a major advantage of the intrusion detection arrangement according to the invention is furthermore that, by determining the difference between the arrival of a signal from a linear pressure sensor and an associated signal, which is obtained by forwarding the pressure wave in the fluid contained in the sensor tube, this is essential compared to the known arrangements allows for a more secure location of the intrusion site. This applies in particular when using a correlation circuit, which allows a clear and reliable localization of the individual vibration locations even when multiple vibrations occur.
  • two sensor hoses S1, S2 are laid along the boundary of the area to be monitored.
  • the hoses are spaced about 1 to 2 meters apart and are at a depth of about 25 cm; they do not necessarily have to be parallel.
  • the sensor tubes are made of a flexible material, such as rubber or an elastomer; they can also consist of a metallic tube.
  • the sensor tubes are filled with a sound-conducting fluid, e.g. a liquid protected against freezing, such as a water-glycerine mixture; a gas or gel can also be used instead.
  • the sensor tubes are provided with an electroacoustic transducer P1, P2 at one end.
  • pressure pulses act on any one of the sensor hoses S1, S2 at any point, they are conducted in the fluid at a speed of about 1.5 km / s (in the case of water) to the end of the sensor hose S1, S2 and from there corresponding electroacoustic transducers P1, P2 converted into an electrical signal which is fed to the evaluation circuit E in the control and display device.
  • the design of the sensor hoses S1, S2 and the electroacoustic transducers P1, P2 are known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. from US-A-3,438,021. It is advantageous to design the transducers as piezoelectric elements.
  • the two sensor hoses S1, S2 each contain linear pressure sensors K1, K2, which extend over the entire length and which, when subjected to pressure or vibrations, emit an electrical signal at their end which is fed to the evaluation circuit E.
  • These linear pressure sensors advantageously consist of a pressure-sensitive or vibration-sensitive cable, which is in the interior of the sensor hose S1, S2 in contact with the fluid extends over the entire length of the sensor tube.
  • These cables can be designed, for example, as piezoelectric cables of the PVFD type; they are available from Pennwalt or Raychem.
  • Electret cables such as are known, for example, from US Pat. No. 3,831,162, can also be used.
  • the linear pressure sensors K1, K2 can also consist of a pressure-sensitive fiber-optic cable, the light conductivity of which changes when exposed to pressure waves.
  • a pressure-sensitive fiber-optic cable such cables are e.g. known from US-A-4,591,709 and can be obtained from Felten & Bryan or from Corning Glass. If light or infrared radiation is fed in at one end of the fiber optic cable, then a pressure-dependent electrical signal can be taken off at the other end via an optoelectronic converter and fed to the evaluation circuit E.
  • the pressure-sensitive cable K can be arranged coaxially in the sensor tube S, the pressure-sensitive cable K being centered by the holder H.
  • the pressure-sensitive cable K can also be loosely inserted into the sensor tube S; it can also be cemented or glued into the hose.
  • the pressure-sensitive cable K can also be incorporated into the wall of the sensor tube S, which expediently already takes place during the manufacture of the tube. This offers the advantage that the pressure-sensitive cable K does not first have to be drawn into the sensor tube S with difficulty, but that the finished, cable-provided tubes can be stored, delivered and laid directly.
  • the two sensor tubes S1, S2, each containing a pressure-sensitive cable K1, K2 can pass through the or grid-like connection V to be connected to a unit, wherein the connection V automatically keeps them at a fixed distance, for example in the decimeter range, from one another.
  • the transit time of the sound between the two pressure sensors K1, K2 is in the range of tenths of a millisecond, which allows the signals to be evaluated conveniently, in which case a rapid sign reversal for the alarm signal is preferably evaluated.
  • Such a double sensor tube can be stored particularly advantageously, especially when filled with a sufficiently solidified medium, for example a gel, and can be laid particularly easily in the field.
  • An intruder is believed to be at location XAO in area A outside of S1, i.e. outside the area to be monitored.
  • the pressure waves caused by the intruder reach the pressure-sensitive cable K1 of the outer sensor hose S1 at point XA1 after a time t1 and the pressure-sensitive cable K2 of the inner sensor hose S2 at point XA2 after a time t2.
  • signals from the pressure-sensitive cables K1, K2 travel via the cable ends KE1, KE2 to the receiving points SE1, SE2 of the evaluation circuit E and further to a time discriminator circuit CTD with practically no time delay.
  • the signals arriving from the two linear pressure sensors K1, K2 are correlated here, and if there is a sufficient degree of correlation, the time difference T (corresponding to t2-t1), which corresponds to the distance between the two linear pressure sensors K1, K2, is determined, and the value this time difference T is fed to a time difference changing circuit TDC.
  • This time difference T is a measure of the transit time of the pressure wave between points XA1 and XA2 of the two sensor hoses S1, S2 and accordingly depends only on the speed of sound in the ground between the two sensor hoses S1, S2 and on the distance at which the two are laid , from. Since this time difference T is therefore independent of the distance of the intruder from the limit to be monitored and of the amplitude of the pressure waves generated, it is constant as long as the intruder in area A moves outside of S1.
  • the intrusion detection arrangement according to the invention, no amplitude evaluation has hitherto been carried out as in the known intrusion detection arrangements, but that all perceptible vibrations are registered and that vibrations of the smallest amplitude are also evaluated, provided the signals received by the two pressure sensors K1, K2 unite have a sufficiently high degree of correlation.
  • the intrusion detection arrangement can therefore be operated with full sensitivity without fear of an increased false alarm rate.
  • events outside the protected area are automatically eliminated because they lead to a constant time difference T.
  • the output signal of the time discriminator circuit CTD i.e. the time difference T is fed to a time difference changing circuit TDC, which only forwards a signal if the absolute value of the input signal becomes smaller or if the sign of the input signal changes within a predetermined time interval, i.e. when it gets negative. If the input signal remains constant, no output signal appears on the time difference changing circuit TDC. Therefore, as long as an intruder in area A moves outside of S1, no signal is passed on.
  • the time difference changing circuit TDC outputs an output signal.
  • the time discriminator circuit CTD When attempting to skip the area C between the sensor tubes S1, S2, no vibrations are triggered in the area C, but pressure waves are triggered within a short time interval, for example in the position XBO, which in points XB1 and XB2 of the linear pressure sensors K1 and K2 are recorded.
  • the output signal, if present, of the time difference change circuit TDC is now fed to an amplitude discriminator circuit ATH, which receives signals from at least one of the two linear pressure cables K1, K2 at the same time.
  • the amplitudes of the pressure waves received by the linear pressure sensors K1, K2, or their time integral depend on the mass of the object producing the pressure waves, since in this case the object is in the vicinity of the pressure sensors K1, K2. By determining the amplitude size it can therefore be determined whether the pressure waves from a larger object, e.g. a person or vehicle trying to cross the monitored border.
  • the signals from smaller objects, e.g. from animals or branches brought in by gusts of wind, would be eliminated by the amplitude discriminator circuit ATH and would not lead to an alarm.
  • the amplitude discriminator circuit ATH receives an output signal from the time difference changing circuit TDC, it determines the amplitude of at least one of the signals received from the linear pressure sensors K1, K2 and forwards an alarm signal to a display device DIS if this amplitude or its time integral exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
  • This display device DIS shows the alarm status visually, e.g. by an indicator lamp and / or forwards an alarm signal, possibly after a predetermined time delay, to other locations, e.g. to surveillance personnel or the police.
  • the display device can also switch on further monitoring and / or deterrent devices, for example lighting systems, video cameras or acoustic signal devices.
  • the signals of at least one of the electroacoustic transducers P1, P2 arranged at the ends of the sensor tubes S1, S2 are fed to a correlation circuit COR, which simultaneously receives the signals from the respectively associated linear pressure sensors K1, K2.
  • the signals generated by the linear pressure sensors K1, K2 are received without a substantial time delay in the correlation circuit COR, while the pressure wave triggered by the same event only with a time delay to the electroacoustic transducers caused by the conduction of the pressure wave in the fluid in the sensor tubes S1, S2 P1, P2 arrive.
  • the signals of the electroacoustic transducers P1, P2 therefore arrive with a corresponding time delay compared to the signals of the linear pressure sensors K1, K2.
  • the signals arriving from one of the linear pressure sensors K1, K2 are correlated with the signals arriving from the corresponding electroacoustic transducer P1, P2; only those signals are evaluated that have a sufficiently high degree of correlation within a predetermined time window, while all other signals are blocked.
  • the correlated signals are fed to a localization circuit LOC, in which the time difference between the arrival of related signals is determined by the linear pressure sensor K1, K2 and the electroacoustic transducer P1, P2. From this time difference and the known running speed of the pressure wave in the sensor hose S1, S2, the location of the penetration attempt is determined as the distance from the electroacoustic transducer P1, P2 and displayed in the localization circuit LOC.
  • the intrusion detection arrangement described above can be carried out with individual, known electronic circuit elements available on the market. However, it is clear to the person skilled in the art that the circuit described can also be implemented with a programmable microprocessor.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
EP89111749A 1988-06-28 1989-06-28 Anordnung und Verfahren zur Eindringdetektion Ceased EP0348927A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2443/88A CH676519A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1988-06-28 1988-06-28
CH2443/88 1988-06-28

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EP0348927A1 true EP0348927A1 (de) 1990-01-03

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EP89111749A Ceased EP0348927A1 (de) 1988-06-28 1989-06-28 Anordnung und Verfahren zur Eindringdetektion

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US (1) US5021766A (enrdf_load_html_response)
EP (1) EP0348927A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
CA (1) CA1301306C (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH676519A5 (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102122152A (zh) * 2010-12-08 2011-07-13 童剑军 一种城市管井井盖异动监测方法及系统
CN105425260A (zh) * 2016-01-13 2016-03-23 福建三鑫隆信息技术开发股份有限公司 一种高定位精度的中远距离智能读写井盖设备及其识别方法
US12065240B2 (en) 2021-09-08 2024-08-20 Ge Aviation Systems Llc Systems and methods for airspace management
CN119049192A (zh) * 2024-10-18 2024-11-29 南通围界盾智能科技有限公司 一种压敏电缆入侵探测系统

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US5691697A (en) * 1995-09-22 1997-11-25 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Security system
US6437694B1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2002-08-20 Jung K. Lee Air controlled sensor
US6678536B2 (en) * 2000-12-07 2004-01-13 Mark Wendell Fletcher Wireless microphone
WO2004111787A2 (en) 2003-06-09 2004-12-23 Greenline Systems, Inc. A system and method for risk detection, reporting and infrastructure
US20060139163A1 (en) * 2004-12-14 2006-06-29 Alexander Pakhomov Linear seismic-acoustic system for detecting intruders in long and very narrow perimeter zones
US7535351B2 (en) 2006-07-24 2009-05-19 Welles Reymond Acoustic intrusion detection system
US7616115B2 (en) * 2007-02-13 2009-11-10 Honeywell International Inc. Sensor for detecting human intruders, and security system
US7699157B2 (en) * 2007-05-25 2010-04-20 Rockwell Automation Limited Safety arrangement
US8077036B2 (en) * 2007-10-03 2011-12-13 University Of Southern California Systems and methods for security breach detection
WO2009046359A2 (en) * 2007-10-03 2009-04-09 University Of Southern California Detection and classification of running vehicles based on acoustic signatures
US20100277720A1 (en) * 2008-09-17 2010-11-04 Daniel Hammons Virtual fence system and method
WO2010118233A2 (en) * 2009-04-08 2010-10-14 University Of Southern California Cadence analysis of temporal gait patterns for seismic discrimination
US8615476B2 (en) * 2009-04-15 2013-12-24 University Of Southern California Protecting military perimeters from approaching human and vehicle using biologically realistic neural network
US20110172954A1 (en) * 2009-04-20 2011-07-14 University Of Southern California Fence intrusion detection
US8345229B2 (en) 2009-09-28 2013-01-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Long distance optical fiber sensing system and method
KR101736911B1 (ko) * 2010-12-07 2017-05-19 한국전자통신연구원 빔포밍 음향 이미징을 이용한 보안 감시 시스템 및 이를 이용한 보안 감시 방법

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US3438021A (en) * 1965-07-26 1969-04-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Perimeter intrusion alarm
US3611341A (en) * 1968-09-17 1971-10-05 David T Craig Pressure-magnetic detection system
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US4450434A (en) * 1981-05-19 1984-05-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Apparatus for determining break locations in fencing
US4538140A (en) * 1982-03-31 1985-08-27 Gould Inc. Fiber optic acoustic transducer intrusion detection system
EP0107042B1 (de) * 1982-10-01 1987-01-07 Cerberus Ag Infrarot-Detektor zur Feststellung eines Eindringlings in einen Raum
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Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3438021A (en) * 1965-07-26 1969-04-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Perimeter intrusion alarm
US3611341A (en) * 1968-09-17 1971-10-05 David T Craig Pressure-magnetic detection system
US3831162A (en) * 1973-09-04 1974-08-20 Gte Sylvania Inc Intrusion detection and location system
US4400695A (en) * 1977-10-07 1983-08-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Electronic intruder detection system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102122152A (zh) * 2010-12-08 2011-07-13 童剑军 一种城市管井井盖异动监测方法及系统
CN105425260A (zh) * 2016-01-13 2016-03-23 福建三鑫隆信息技术开发股份有限公司 一种高定位精度的中远距离智能读写井盖设备及其识别方法
US12065240B2 (en) 2021-09-08 2024-08-20 Ge Aviation Systems Llc Systems and methods for airspace management
CN119049192A (zh) * 2024-10-18 2024-11-29 南通围界盾智能科技有限公司 一种压敏电缆入侵探测系统

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US5021766A (en) 1991-06-04
CH676519A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1991-01-31
CA1301306C (en) 1992-05-19

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