EP0347847B1 - Automatic centreless finishing apparatus for articles with a rotation-symmetric surface in a pass-through machine - Google Patents

Automatic centreless finishing apparatus for articles with a rotation-symmetric surface in a pass-through machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0347847B1
EP0347847B1 EP89111223A EP89111223A EP0347847B1 EP 0347847 B1 EP0347847 B1 EP 0347847B1 EP 89111223 A EP89111223 A EP 89111223A EP 89111223 A EP89111223 A EP 89111223A EP 0347847 B1 EP0347847 B1 EP 0347847B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
finishing
measuring device
computer means
computer
acceleration
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EP89111223A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0347847A3 (en
EP0347847A2 (en
Inventor
Norbert Dr. Klotz
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Supfina Maschinenfabrik Hentzen GmbH and Co KG
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Supfina Maschinenfabrik Hentzen GmbH and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE8807980U external-priority patent/DE8807980U1/de
Priority claimed from DE8812160U external-priority patent/DE8812160U1/de
Application filed by Supfina Maschinenfabrik Hentzen GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Supfina Maschinenfabrik Hentzen GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0347847A2 publication Critical patent/EP0347847A2/en
Publication of EP0347847A3 publication Critical patent/EP0347847A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B35/00—Machines or devices designed for superfinishing surfaces on work, i.e. by means of abrading blocks reciprocating with high frequency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an automatic centerless fine machining device for surface-rotationally symmetrical bodies in a continuous machine with a plurality of successive machining stations with individually deliverable finishing stones which are excited to vibrate via a common drive.
  • Such fine machining machines are used to machine outer cylindrical surfaces, to improve the surface quality, to precisely form the radius of curvature and to set the exact size of these workpieces.
  • the starting point is a microfinishing machine as described in US Pat. No. 4,558,537.
  • the workpieces to be machined are centered by two drive rollers and rotated by rotating these rollers in the same direction.
  • Several processing stations are arranged side by side above the rollers and workpieces.
  • Each processing station consists of a finishing stone, which is held by a stone holder.
  • the stone holder is connected to a piston rod of a control cylinder. With this cylinder, the finishing stone can be driven up to the workpiece to be machined or moved back by it.
  • the contact pressure of the finishing stones can be changed via a control in order to be able to adapt to changing surfaces and to compensate for the wear of the finishing stones.
  • the finishing stones are also set in oscillating movements in the direction of the drive roller axes.
  • the vibration amplitude of the tool should be kept constant, because this has the greatest influence.
  • DE-28 14 761 describes a complex vibration method for polishing limited surfaces and the drive devices for generating the vibrations.
  • the vibration limits are checked manually or via electrical limit switches.
  • DE-30 07 314 describes a method and a device for machining bearing surfaces, wherein the oscillating movement of the grindstones is also controlled via electrical or mechanical limit switches.
  • DE-31 33 246 describes a machine tool with non-stop travel limitation, a voltage being formed via potentiometers which corresponds to the current location of the tool. The tool position is then limited by comparing it with specified voltage limit values.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to make available an automatic device with a corresponding circuit which enables precise control, in particular keeping the oscillation amplitude of the movement of finishing stones constant.
  • the actual movement of the finishing stones is measured and compared with a predetermined target value.
  • a common cross connection of the finishing stones, via which the finishing stones are excited to vibrate together has a corresponding measuring sensor for recording the movement.
  • the movement of the finishing stones can be determined, for example, using a displacement sensor or accelerometer. Its measured values are displayed for control purposes and fed to a process computer for evaluation. These actual values are fed to the process computer via measuring lines.
  • the process computer receives the associated setpoints of these measured variables via a further line.
  • the process computer compares these values and controls the swinging motion of the finishing stones according to the result.
  • the output of the process computer is connected to an adjustable pressure valve via a control line. This pressure valve is located in a pressure supply line of a pneumatic cylinder, which is used to drive the finishing stones.
  • the piston rod of this cylinder is connected to the common cross connection of the finishing stones.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the central part of a centerless continuous superfinishing machine.
  • the machine has an oscillating conveyor 12, via which individual workpieces 10 to be machined are fed continuously in the direction of the arrow to the machine.
  • the rollers are essentially cylindrical, which are fed from a pre-processing station, for example a grinding machine.
  • these workpieces 10 receive their final surface quality on the cylindrical outer surface by exposing them in succession to several processing stations in the machine.
  • a second vibratory conveyor 18 is used for the removal (in the direction of the arrow) of the finally machined workpieces 10.
  • Two drive rollers 14 and 16 are used for centerless storage and for driving the workpieces 10 during machining.
  • the rollers 14 and 16 rotate in the same direction and thus set the workpieces 10 in rotation.
  • the axes of the rollers 14 and 16 slightly increase their distance along the path, causing the workpieces 10 to move forward along the rollers.
  • seven successive processing stations A, B, C, D, E, F, G are arranged above the rollers.
  • Each processing station has a finishing stone 20.
  • the finishing stone 20 is held by a stone holder 22.
  • the stone holder 22 is connected to an infeed rod 24 which can be moved via an infeed cylinder 26.
  • each finishing stone 20 can be moved to and from the workpiece 10, regardless of the finishing stones 20 of the other processing stations. In this way, different dimensions of the finishing stones 20 are compensated for or different machining operations are possible.
  • the individual processing stations are connected to one another via a rod 30 in the conveying direction of the rollers 14 and 16.
  • the rod 30 is connected on one side to a piston 32. With the aid of this piston 32, the rod 30 can be set into a rapid oscillating movement in the conveying direction of the rollers 14 and 16. At the same time, this leads to a reciprocating drive movement of the finishing stones 20.
  • the piston 32 is actuated pneumatically, for which purpose a compressed air supply line 34 is provided, which is connected to a pressure generator 38 via a control valve 36 and a further compressed air line 40.
  • the rod 30 is also provided with a movement sensor 50 for measuring the movement of the rod 30 and thus also the finishing stones 20.
  • a displacement sensor is provided as the movement sensor 50, with which the oscillation amplitude and the frequency of the movement of the finishing stones 20 are determined.
  • Resistance encoders or inductive encoders can be used as distance meters.
  • the odometer 50 Via a measuring line 90, the odometer 50 is connected to a display device 92 for displaying the amplitude and frequency of the vibration and further to a process computer 80.
  • the process computer 80 compares the actual values of the amplitude and frequency of the rod 30 supplied to it via the line 90 with the nominal values of amplitude and frequency supplied to it via a line 82.
  • the process computer 80 is connected to the control valve 36 via an output line 84. Depending on the differences between the actual and target values of the amplitude and frequency of the movement of the rod 30, the process computer 80 controls the pressure in the piston 32 and thus the vibration amplitude of the finishing stones 20 via the servo valve 36.
  • an accelerometer is provided as the motion sensor 50, with which the acceleration and the frequency of the movement of the rod 30 and thus of the finishing stones 20 are determined.
  • solder sensors or inertial sensors with capacitive, inductive or piezoelectric transducers can be used as accelerometers.
  • the acceleration sensor 50 Via a measuring line 52, the acceleration sensor 50 is connected with a wire 54 to a display device 56 which serves to display the acceleration.
  • the acceleration sensor 50 is connected to a further display device 60, which is used to display the frequency of the movement of the rod 30.
  • Both wires 54 and 58 are connected to an integrator 62. Its output is connected via a line 64 to a further display device 66 which serves to display the speed of movement of the rod 30.
  • Line 64 is also connected to a second integrator 68. Its exit is with a Line 70 connected to a display device 72, which serves to display the movement distance of the rod 30.
  • the line 70 is also connected to a process computer 80.
  • the wire 58 of the accelerometer 50 is also connected to the process computer 80 via a line 74.
  • the process computer 80 compares the actual values of the acceleration and the frequency of the rod 30 supplied to it via the lines 70 and 74 with the nominal values of acceleration and frequency supplied to it via a line 82.
  • the process computer 80 is connected to the control valve 36 via an output line 84. Depending on the differences between the actual and target values of the acceleration and frequency of the movement of the rod 30, the process computer 80 controls the pressure in the piston 32 and thus the vibration amplitude of the finishing stones 20 via the servo valve 36.
  • the mode of operation of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiment 2 according to FIG. 2:
  • the object of the invention during the machining of workpieces in a centerless continuous machine to control the vibration amplitude of all machining stations and thus the oscillating movement of the finishing stones 20 on the machining surface of the workpieces 10, and to react to the vibration amplitude damping influences is first achieved in that the accelerometer 50 responds to each acceleration. It emits an electrical signal x ist proportional to the second derivative of the actual path. This signal is can be viewed in two ways. The actual acceleration in m / s2 is displayed on the display device 56. Any deviation from the target acceleration can thus be read and recognized.
  • the vibration is represented per time unit.
  • the speed is obtained as the first integration stage from the acceleration as an electrical signal x and made readable on the display device 66.
  • the same electrical signal x is sent to the second integrator 68 fed.
  • an electrical signal x for the maximum path or the processing distance is determined from the speed x and both made visible on the display device 72 and fed to the process computer 80 as an actual value for the movement amplitude.
  • the individual display devices 56, 60, 66 and 72 mentioned above are not individual devices, but rather displays which are optionally displayed on a display device already present on the machine, for example a central screen, on which the setpoints for setting up the machine or all are also shown other operating purposes are made visible, can be activated.
  • the possibility of reading the switchable values for the acceleration, the frequency, the speed and the amplitude represents a control option for the operator, but is not sufficient for automatic readjustment in the sense of keeping the amplitude constant.
  • the electrical quantities obtained and processed in the example shown for the frequency f are fed to the process computer 80 via the line 74 and the path x via the line 70.
  • a comparison is made with the nominal value for the amplitude supplied via line 82. Any deviation between a setpoint and a determined actual value x leads to an electrical control signal ⁇ U in the control line 84 at the output to the control valve 36.
  • ⁇ U there is a pressure change ⁇ p in the compressed air supply line 34 to the pneumatic drive 34 for the oscillating movement the finishing stones 20.
  • a variant not shown is that the process computer 80 also the actual values of the speed ⁇ or the acceleration are fed directly, while corresponding setpoint values are entered instead of or in addition to the amplitude setpoint.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine automatische spitzenlose Feinstbearbeitungsvorrichtung für oberflächenrotationssymmetrische Körper in einer Durchlaufmaschine mit mehreren aufeinanderfolgenden Bearbeitungsstationen mit einzelnen zustellbaren Finishsteinen, die über einen gemeinsamen Antrieb zum Schwingen angeregt werden.The invention relates to an automatic centerless fine machining device for surface-rotationally symmetrical bodies in a continuous machine with a plurality of successive machining stations with individually deliverable finishing stones which are excited to vibrate via a common drive.

Solche Feinstbearbeitungsmaschinen dienen zur Bearbeitung von äußeren zylindrischen Oberflächen, zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenqualität, zum exakten Ausformen des Krümmungsradiuses und zur Einstellung der exakten Größe dieser Werkstücke.Such fine machining machines are used to machine outer cylindrical surfaces, to improve the surface quality, to precisely form the radius of curvature and to set the exact size of these workpieces.

Ausgegangen wird von einer Feinstbearbeitungsmaschine, wie sie im US-Patent 4,558,537 beschrieben ist. Die zu bearbeitenden Werkstücke werden durch Zwei Antriebswalzen spitzenlos gelagert und durch ein gleichsinniges Drehen dieser Walzen in Rotation versetzt. Oberhalb der Walzen und Werkstücke sind nebeneinander mehrere Bearbeitungsstationen angeordnet. Jede Bearbeitungsstation besteht aus einem Finishstein, der von einem Steinhalter gehalten wird. Der Steinhalter ist mit einer Kolbenstange eines Steuerzylinders verbunden. Über diesen Zylinder kann der Finishstein gesteuert an das zu bearbeitende Werkstück herangefahren oder auch wieder von ihm zurückgefahren werden.The starting point is a microfinishing machine as described in US Pat. No. 4,558,537. The workpieces to be machined are centered by two drive rollers and rotated by rotating these rollers in the same direction. Several processing stations are arranged side by side above the rollers and workpieces. Each processing station consists of a finishing stone, which is held by a stone holder. The stone holder is connected to a piston rod of a control cylinder. With this cylinder, the finishing stone can be driven up to the workpiece to be machined or moved back by it.

Der Anpreßdruck der Finishsteine ist über eine Steuerung veränderbar, um sich wechselnden Oberflächen anpassen zu können und um den Verschleiß der Finishsteine ausgleichen zu können. Die Finishsteine werden zusätzlich in schwingende Bewegungen in Richtung der Antriebswalzenachsen versetzt.The contact pressure of the finishing stones can be changed via a control in order to be able to adapt to changing surfaces and to compensate for the wear of the finishing stones. The finishing stones are also set in oscillating movements in the direction of the drive roller axes.

Es hat sich bei Untersuchungen an spitzenlosen Durchlaufmaschinen gezeigt, daß der Materialabtrag und damit die Qualität des zu bearbeitenden Werkstückes neben den technologischen Parametern wie zum Beispiel Walzendrehzahl, Anlagewinkel, Anpreßdruck ursächlich mit der Schwingamplitude der Finishsteine zusammenhängt.It has been shown in studies on centerless continuous machines that the material removal and thus the quality of the workpiece to be machined, along with the technological parameters such as roller speed, contact angle, contact pressure, is causally related to the vibration amplitude of the finishing stones.

Ferner konnte festgestellt werden, daß eine Änderung des Kontaktverhaltens zwischen Werkstück und Werkzeug (Werkstückmaterial, Steinspezifikation, Anzahl der im Eingriff befindlichen Steine, Anpreßdruck, Steinlängen) unmittelbaren Einfluß auf die resultierende Schwingamplitude besitzt.It was also found that a change in the contact behavior between the workpiece and the tool (workpiece material, stone specification, number of stones in contact, contact pressure, stone lengths) has a direct influence on the resulting vibration amplitude.

Für das Konstanthalten einer einmal erreichten Qualität bei einem definierten Arbeitsfall sollte demnach vor allem die Schwingamplitude des Werkzeugs konstant gehalten werden, weil hieraus die größten Einflüsse resultieren.In order to maintain a constant level of quality once achieved in a defined work case, the vibration amplitude of the tool should be kept constant, because this has the greatest influence.

Die DE-28 14 761 beschreibt ein komplexes Schwingungsverfahren zum Polieren begrenzter Flächen sowie die Antriebsvorrichtungen für das Erzeugen der Schwingungen. Die Kontrolle der Schwingbegrenzungen erfolgt manuell oder über elektrische Endschalter.DE-28 14 761 describes a complex vibration method for polishing limited surfaces and the drive devices for generating the vibrations. The vibration limits are checked manually or via electrical limit switches.

Die DE-30 07 314 beschreibt ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten von Lagerflächen, wobei die Kontrolle der Schwingbewegung der Schleifsteine ebenfalls über elektrische oder mechanische Endschalter erfolgt.DE-30 07 314 describes a method and a device for machining bearing surfaces, wherein the oscillating movement of the grindstones is also controlled via electrical or mechanical limit switches.

Die DE-31 33 246 beschreibt eine Werkzeugmaschine mit anschlagloser Wegbegrenzung, wobei über Potentiometer eine Spannung gebildet wird, die dem aktuellen Ort des Werkzeugs entspricht. Über den Vergleich mit vorgegebenen Spannungsgrenzwerten erfolgt dann eine Wegbegrenzung der Werkzeugposition.DE-31 33 246 describes a machine tool with non-stop travel limitation, a voltage being formed via potentiometers which corresponds to the current location of the tool. The tool position is then limited by comparing it with specified voltage limit values.

Die in diesen Schriften beschriebenen Werkzeugsteuerungsvorrichtungen erlauben nur eine grobe Kontrolle über die Werkzeugbewegungen.The tool control devices described in these documents allow only rough control over the tool movements.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht daher darin, eine automatische Vorrichtung mit einer entsprechenden Schaltung verfügbar zu machen, die das präzise Regeln, insbesondere das Konstanthalten der Schwingamplitude der Bewegung von Finishsteinen, ermöglicht.The object of the present invention is therefore to make available an automatic device with a corresponding circuit which enables precise control, in particular keeping the oscillation amplitude of the movement of finishing stones constant.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1. Die tatsächliche Bewegung der Finishsteine wird gemessen und mit einem vorgegebenen Sollwert verglichen. Dazu weist eine gemeinsame Querverbindung der Finishsteine, über die die Finishsteine zum gemeinsamen Schwingen angeregt werden, einen entsprechenden Meßfühler zur Aufnahme der Bewegung auf. Die Bewegung der Finishsteine kann beispielsweise über einen Wegaufnehmer oder Beschleunigungsmesser ermittelt werden. Dessen Meßwerte werden zu Kontrollzwecken angezeigt und zur Auswertung einem Prozeßrechner zugeführt. Diese Ist-Werte werden über Meßleitungen dem Prozeßrechner zugeführt. Über eine weitere Leitung erhält der Prozeßrechner die zugehörigen Sollwerte dieser Meßgrößen. Der Prozeßrechner vergleicht diese Werte und regelt dem Ergebnis entsprechend die Schwingbewegung der Finishsteine. Dazu ist der Ausgang des Prozeßrechners über eine Steuerleitung mit einem regelbaren Druckventil verbunden. Dieses Druckventil befindet sich in einer Druckversorgungsleitung eines pneumatischen Zylinders, der zum Schwingungsantrieb der Finishsteine dient. Dazu ist die Kolbenstange dieses Zylinders mit der gemeinsamen Querverbindung der Finishsteine verbunden.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The actual movement of the finishing stones is measured and compared with a predetermined target value. For this purpose, a common cross connection of the finishing stones, via which the finishing stones are excited to vibrate together, has a corresponding measuring sensor for recording the movement. The movement of the finishing stones can be determined, for example, using a displacement sensor or accelerometer. Its measured values are displayed for control purposes and fed to a process computer for evaluation. These actual values are fed to the process computer via measuring lines. The process computer receives the associated setpoints of these measured variables via a further line. The process computer compares these values and controls the swinging motion of the finishing stones according to the result. For this purpose, the output of the process computer is connected to an adjustable pressure valve via a control line. This pressure valve is located in a pressure supply line of a pneumatic cylinder, which is used to drive the finishing stones. For this purpose, the piston rod of this cylinder is connected to the common cross connection of the finishing stones.

Durch eine solchermaßen ausgebildete Steuerungsvorrichtung werden folgende Vorteile erzielt:

  • Amplitudenkonstanz im Leerlauf und während der Bearbeitung (z.B. bei Einrichtarbeiten)
  • Kontrolle der Schwingerfunktion
  • Nachregelung der Schwingamplitude über sehr lange Zeiträume infolge von Änderungen im Reibungs- und Verschleißverhalten
  • Nachregelung der Schwingamplitude über prozeßbedingte Änderungen, die als Meßgrößen zur Verfügung stehen
  • konstanter Materialabtrag bei unterschiedlichen Kontaktbedingungen (Qualitätskonstanz)
  • Möglichkeit zur Realisierung einer definierten Bearbeitung mit vorher bestimmbarer, nicht abhängiger Amplitude
  • Möglichkeit zur Überwachung des Bearbeitungsprozesses
Die neuerungsgemäße Steuerungsvorrichtung kann auch zur Nachrüstung schon bestehender Feinstbearbeitungsmaschinen verwendet werden.The following advantages are achieved by a control device designed in this way:
  • Constant amplitude during idle and during processing (e.g. during setup work)
  • Check the oscillator function
  • Readjustment of the vibration amplitude over very long periods due to changes in friction and wear behavior
  • Readjustment of the oscillation amplitude via process-related changes that are available as measured variables
  • constant material removal under different contact conditions (constant quality)
  • Possibility to implement a defined processing with a predeterminable, non-dependent amplitude
  • Possibility to monitor the machining process
The control device according to the innovation can also be used for retrofitting existing precision machining machines.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung zweier in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele.Further details, features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of two exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the drawing.

Es zeigen

Figur 1:
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer teilweise schematischen Darstellung des zentralen Teils einer spitzenlosen Durchlauf-Superfinishmaschine mit zugehörigen Steuerungsvorrichtungen, wobei ein Wegmesser als Bewegungsaufnehmer vorgesehen ist und
Figur 2:
eine Darstellung gemäß Figur 1, wobei ein Beschleunigungsaufnehmer als Bewegungsaufnehmer vorgesehen ist.
Show it
Figure 1:
a perspective view of a partially schematic representation of the central part of a centerless continuous superfinishing machine with associated control devices, wherein a displacement sensor is provided as a motion sensor and
Figure 2:
a representation according to Figure 1, wherein an accelerometer is provided as a motion sensor.

In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist der zentrale Teil einer spitzenlosen Durchlauf-Superfinishmaschine dargestellt.FIGS. 1 and 2 show the central part of a centerless continuous superfinishing machine.

Die Maschine weist einen Schwingförderer 12 auf, über den einzelne zu bearbeitende Werkstücke 10 kontinuierlich in Pfeilrichtung der Maschine zugeführt werden. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich um im wesentlichen zylindrische Rollen, welche von einer Vorbearbeitungsstation, beispielsweise einer Schleifmaschine, zugeführt werden. In der Superfinishmaschine erhalten diese Werkstücke 10 auf der zylindrischen Mantelfläche ihre endgültige Oberflächengüte, in dem sie in der Maschine nacheinander mehreren Bearbeitungsstationen ausgesetzt sind. Ein zweiter Schwingförderer 18 dient dem Abtransport (in Pfeilrichtung) der endgültig bearbeiteten Werkstücke 10.The machine has an oscillating conveyor 12, via which individual workpieces 10 to be machined are fed continuously in the direction of the arrow to the machine. In the illustrated embodiment, the rollers are essentially cylindrical, which are fed from a pre-processing station, for example a grinding machine. In the Superfinishing machine, these workpieces 10 receive their final surface quality on the cylindrical outer surface by exposing them in succession to several processing stations in the machine. A second vibratory conveyor 18 is used for the removal (in the direction of the arrow) of the finally machined workpieces 10.

Zwei Antriebswalzen 14 und 16 dienen zur spitzenlosen Lagerung und zum Vortrieb der Werkstücke 10 während der Bearbeitung. Die Walzen 14 und 16 drehen sich gleichsinnig und versetzen damit die Werkstücke 10 in Drehung. Die Achsen der Walzen 14 und 16 vergrößern über den Weg leicht ihren Abstand, wodurch sich die Werkstücke 10 entlang der Walzen vorwärtsbewegen. Über den Walzen sind im dargestellten Beispiel sieben aufeinanderfolgende Bearbeitungsstationen A, B, C, D, E, F, G angeordnet.Two drive rollers 14 and 16 are used for centerless storage and for driving the workpieces 10 during machining. The rollers 14 and 16 rotate in the same direction and thus set the workpieces 10 in rotation. The axes of the rollers 14 and 16 slightly increase their distance along the path, causing the workpieces 10 to move forward along the rollers. In the example shown, seven successive processing stations A, B, C, D, E, F, G are arranged above the rollers.

Jede Bearbeitungsstation weist einen Finishstein 20 auf. Gehalten wird der Finishstein 20 von einem Steinhalter 22. Der Steinhalter 22 ist mit einer Zustellstange 24 verbunden, die über einen Zustellzylinder 26 bewegbar ist. Durch diese Anordnung kann jeder Finishstein 20 von und zum Werkstück 10 ab- und zugestellt werden, unabhängig von den Finishsteinen 20 der anderen Bearbeitungsstationen. Damit werden unterschiedliche Abmessungen der Finishsteine 20 ausgeglichen oder unterschiedliche Bearbeitungen möglich.Each processing station has a finishing stone 20. The finishing stone 20 is held by a stone holder 22. The stone holder 22 is connected to an infeed rod 24 which can be moved via an infeed cylinder 26. With this arrangement, each finishing stone 20 can be moved to and from the workpiece 10, regardless of the finishing stones 20 of the other processing stations. In this way, different dimensions of the finishing stones 20 are compensated for or different machining operations are possible.

In der Förderrichtung der Walzen 14 und 16 sind die einzelnen Bearbeitungsstationen miteinander über eine Stange 30 verbunden.The individual processing stations are connected to one another via a rod 30 in the conveying direction of the rollers 14 and 16.

Die Stange 30 ist auf ihrer einen Seite mit einem Kolben 32 verbunden. Mit Hilfe dieses Kolbens 32 kann die Stange 30 in eine schnelle oszillierende Bewegung in Förderrichtung der Walzen 14 und 16 versetzt werden. Dies führt gleichzeitig zu einer hin- und hergehenden Antriebsbewegung der Finishsteine 20. Der Kolben 32 wird pneumatisch betätigt, wofür eine Druckluftzuleitung 34 vorgesehen ist, die über ein Steuerventil 36 und eine weitere Druckluftleitung 40 mit einem Druckerzeuger 38 verbunden ist.The rod 30 is connected on one side to a piston 32. With the aid of this piston 32, the rod 30 can be set into a rapid oscillating movement in the conveying direction of the rollers 14 and 16. At the same time, this leads to a reciprocating drive movement of the finishing stones 20. The piston 32 is actuated pneumatically, for which purpose a compressed air supply line 34 is provided, which is connected to a pressure generator 38 via a control valve 36 and a further compressed air line 40.

Die Stange 30 ist ferner mit einem Bewegungsaufnehmer 50 versehen zur Messung der Bewegung der Stange 30 und damit auch der Finishsteine 20.The rod 30 is also provided with a movement sensor 50 for measuring the movement of the rod 30 and thus also the finishing stones 20.

In einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 ist als Bewegungsaufnehmer 50 ein Wegmesser vorgesehen, mit dem die Schwingungsamplitude und die Frequenz der Bewegung der Finishsteine 20 festgestellt wird. Als Wegmesser können beispielsweise Widerstandsgeber oder induktive Geber Verwendung finden.
Über eine Meßleitung 90 ist der Wegmesser 50 mit einem Anzeigegerät 92 zur Anzeige von Amplitude und Frequenz der Schwingung und weiter mit einem Prozeßrechner 80 verbunden.
Der Prozeßrechner 80 vergleicht die ihm über die Leitung 90 zugeführten Istwerte der Amplitude und der Frequenz der Stange 30 mit dem ihm über eine Leitung 82 zugeführten Sollwerte von Amplitude und Frequenz.In a first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, a displacement sensor is provided as the movement sensor 50, with which the oscillation amplitude and the frequency of the movement of the finishing stones 20 are determined. Resistance encoders or inductive encoders can be used as distance meters.
Via a measuring line 90, the odometer 50 is connected to a display device 92 for displaying the amplitude and frequency of the vibration and further to a process computer 80.
The process computer 80 compares the actual values of the amplitude and frequency of the rod 30 supplied to it via the line 90 with the nominal values of amplitude and frequency supplied to it via a line 82.

Über eine Ausgangsleitung 84 ist der Prozeßrechner 80 mit dem Steuerventil 36 verbunden. In Abhängigkeit der Differenzen von Ist- und Sollwerten der Amplitude und Frequenz der Bewegung der Stange 30 steuert der Prozeßrechner 80 über das Servoventil 36 den Druck im Kolben 32 und damit die Schwingungsamplitude der Finishsteine 20.The process computer 80 is connected to the control valve 36 via an output line 84. Depending on the differences between the actual and target values of the amplitude and frequency of the movement of the rod 30, the process computer 80 controls the pressure in the piston 32 and thus the vibration amplitude of the finishing stones 20 via the servo valve 36.

In Figur 2 ist als Bewegungsaufnehmer 50 ein Beschleunigungsmesser vorgesehen, mit dem die Beschleunigung und die Frequenz der Bewegung der Stange 30 und damit der Finishsteine 20 festgestellt wird. Als Beschleunigungsmesser können beispielsweise Lotfühler oder Trägheitsfühler mit Kapazitiven, induktiven oder piezoelektrischen Wandlern Verwendung finden.In FIG. 2, an accelerometer is provided as the motion sensor 50, with which the acceleration and the frequency of the movement of the rod 30 and thus of the finishing stones 20 are determined. For example, solder sensors or inertial sensors with capacitive, inductive or piezoelectric transducers can be used as accelerometers.

Über eine Meßleitung 52 ist der Beschleunigungsaufnehmer 50 mit einer Ader 54 mit einem Anzeigegerät 56 verbunden, das zur Anzeige der Beschleunigung dient.Via a measuring line 52, the acceleration sensor 50 is connected with a wire 54 to a display device 56 which serves to display the acceleration.

Mit der anderen Ader 58 ist der Beschleunigungsaufnehmer 50 mit einem weiteren Anzeigegerät 60 verbunden, das zur Anzeige der Frequenz der Bewegung der Stange 30 dient. Beide Adern 54 und 58 sind mit einem Integrator 62 verbunden. Dessen Ausgang ist über eine Leitung 64 mit einem weiteren Anzeigegerät 66 verbunden, das zur Anzeige der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit der Stange 30 dient. Die Leitung 64 ist zugleich mit einem zweiten Integrator 68 verbunden. Dessen Ausgang ist mit einer Leitung 70 mit einem Anzeigegerät 72 verbunden, das zur Anzeige der Bewegungsstrecke der Stange 30 dient.With the other wire 58, the acceleration sensor 50 is connected to a further display device 60, which is used to display the frequency of the movement of the rod 30. Both wires 54 and 58 are connected to an integrator 62. Its output is connected via a line 64 to a further display device 66 which serves to display the speed of movement of the rod 30. Line 64 is also connected to a second integrator 68. Its exit is with a Line 70 connected to a display device 72, which serves to display the movement distance of the rod 30.

Die Leitung 70 ist zugleich mit einem Prozeßrechner 80 verbunden. Die Ader 58 des Beschleunigungsaufnehmers 50 ist über eine Leitung 74 ebenfalls mit dem Prozeßrechner 80 verbunden. Der Prozeßrechner 80 vergleicht die ihm über die Leitungen 70 und 74 zugeführten Istwerte der Beschleunigung und der Frequenz der Stange 30 mit dem ihm über eine Leitung 82 zugeführten Sollwerte von Beschleunigung und Frequenz.The line 70 is also connected to a process computer 80. The wire 58 of the accelerometer 50 is also connected to the process computer 80 via a line 74. The process computer 80 compares the actual values of the acceleration and the frequency of the rod 30 supplied to it via the lines 70 and 74 with the nominal values of acceleration and frequency supplied to it via a line 82.

Über eine Ausgangsleitung 84 ist der Prozeßrechner 80 mit dem Steuerventil 36 verbunden. In Abhängigkeit der Differenzen von Ist- und Sollwerten der Beschleunigung und Frequenz der Bewegung der Stange 30 steuert der Prozeßrechner 80 über das Servoventil 36 den Druck im Kolben 32 und damit die Schwingungsamplitude der Finishsteine 20.The process computer 80 is connected to the control valve 36 via an output line 84. Depending on the differences between the actual and target values of the acceleration and frequency of the movement of the rod 30, the process computer 80 controls the pressure in the piston 32 and thus the vibration amplitude of the finishing stones 20 via the servo valve 36.

Anhand des Ausführungsbeispiels 2 gemäß Figur 2 soll die Wirkungsweise der vorliegenden Erfindung nochmals näher erläutert werden:
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung, während der Bearbeitung von Werkstücken in einer spitzenlosen Durchlaufmaschine die Schwingungsamplitude aller Bearbeitungsstationen und damit der oszillierenden Bewegung der Finishsteine 20 auf der Bearbeitungsfläche der Werkstücke 10 zu kontrollieren, sowie auf die Schwingungsamplitude dämpfende Einflüsse zu reagieren, wird zunächst dadurch gelöst, daß der Beschleunigungsaufnehmer 50 auf jede einzelne Beschleunigung reagiert. Von ihm geht ein der zweiten Ableitung des tatsächlichen Weges proportionales elektrisches Signal xist aus. Dieses Signal

Figure imgb0001
ist kann in zweifacher Weise angezeigt werden. Auf dem Anzeigegerät 56 wird die tatsächliche Beschleunigung in m/s² angezeigt. Jede Abweichung von der Sollbeschleunigung kann somit abgelesen und erkannt werden.The mode of operation of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiment 2 according to FIG. 2:
The object of the invention, during the machining of workpieces in a centerless continuous machine to control the vibration amplitude of all machining stations and thus the oscillating movement of the finishing stones 20 on the machining surface of the workpieces 10, and to react to the vibration amplitude damping influences is first achieved in that the accelerometer 50 responds to each acceleration. It emits an electrical signal x ist proportional to the second derivative of the actual path. This signal
Figure imgb0001
is can be viewed in two ways. The actual acceleration in m / s² is displayed on the display device 56. Any deviation from the target acceleration can thus be read and recognized.

Mit dem zweiten Anzeigegerät 60 wird aus dem Signal xist die Schwingung pro Zeiteinheit dargestellt. In dem ersten Integrator 62 wird als erste Integrationsstufe aus der Beschleunigung die Geschwindigkeit als elektrisches Signal x gewonnen und auf dem Anzeigegerät 66 ablesbar gemacht. Dasselbe elektrische Signal x wird dem zweiten Integrator 68 zugeführt. In dieser Integrationsstufe wird aus der Geschwindigkeit x ein elektrische Signal x für den maximalen Weg oder die Bearbeitungsstrecke ermittelt und sowohl auf dem Anzeigegerät 72 sichtbar gemacht als auch als ein Istwert für die Bewegungsamplitude dem Prozeßrechner 80 zugeführt.With the second display unit 60 is from the signal x, the vibration is represented per time unit. In the first integrator 62, the speed is obtained as the first integration stage from the acceleration as an electrical signal x and made readable on the display device 66. The same electrical signal x is sent to the second integrator 68 fed. In this integration stage, an electrical signal x for the maximum path or the processing distance is determined from the speed x and both made visible on the display device 72 and fed to the process computer 80 as an actual value for the movement amplitude.

Die vorstehend erwähnten einzelnen Anzeigegeräte 56, 60, 66 und 72 sind in der Praxis keine Einzelgeräte, sondern Anzeigen, welche wahlweise auf eine ohnehin an der Maschine vorhandene Anzeigeeinrichtung, beispielsweise einem zentralen Bildschirm, auf dem auch die Sollwerte für die Einrichtung der Maschine oder alle anderen Betriebszwecke sichtbar gemacht werden, aufschaltbar sind. Die Ablesemöglichkeit der umschaltbar darzustellenden Werte für die Beschleunigung, die Frequenz, die Geschwindigkeit und die Amplitüde stellt zwar eine Kontrollmöglichkeit für die Bedienungsperson dar, reicht aber zur automatischen Nachregelung im Sinne der Konstanthaltung der Amplitude nicht aus.In practice, the individual display devices 56, 60, 66 and 72 mentioned above are not individual devices, but rather displays which are optionally displayed on a display device already present on the machine, for example a central screen, on which the setpoints for setting up the machine or all are also shown other operating purposes are made visible, can be activated. The possibility of reading the switchable values for the acceleration, the frequency, the speed and the amplitude represents a control option for the operator, but is not sufficient for automatic readjustment in the sense of keeping the amplitude constant.

Zur automatischen Nachregelung und Konstanthaltung der Amplitude werden die gewonnenen und verarbeiteten elektrischen Größen in dem dargestellten Beispiel für die Frequenz fist über die Leitung 74 und der Weg x über die Leitung 70 dem Prozeßrechner 80 zugeführt. In dieser Rechenstufe 80 findet ein Vergleich mit dem über die Leitung 82 zugeführten Sollwert für die Amplitude statt. Jede Abweichung zwischen einem gestellten Sollwert und einem festgestellten Istwert x führt am Ausgang zu einem elektrischen Steuersignal ΔU in der Steuerleitung 84 zum Steuerventil 36. Entsprechend der Richtung und Größe des Steuersignals ΔU erfolgt eine Druckveränderung Δp in der Druckluftzuleitung 34 zum pneumatischen Antrieb 34 für die Oszillationsbewegung der Finishsteine 20.For automatic readjustment and keeping the amplitude constant, the electrical quantities obtained and processed in the example shown for the frequency f are fed to the process computer 80 via the line 74 and the path x via the line 70. In this arithmetic stage 80, a comparison is made with the nominal value for the amplitude supplied via line 82. Any deviation between a setpoint and a determined actual value x leads to an electrical control signal ΔU in the control line 84 at the output to the control valve 36. Depending on the direction and size of the control signal ΔU, there is a pressure change Δp in the compressed air supply line 34 to the pneumatic drive 34 for the oscillating movement the finishing stones 20.

Eine nicht dargestellte Variante besteht darin, daß dem Prozeßrechner 80 auch die Istwerte der Geschwindigkeit ẋ oder die Beschleunigung

Figure imgb0002
direkt zugeführt werden, während zugleich entsprechende Sollwertvorgaben statt oder zusätzlich zum Amplituden-Sollwert eingegeben werden.A variant not shown is that the process computer 80 also the actual values of the speed ẋ or the acceleration
Figure imgb0002
are fed directly, while corresponding setpoint values are entered instead of or in addition to the amplitude setpoint.

Claims (11)

  1. In a continuous flow machine with a centerless finishing device for honing external cylindrical surfaces, said device including a plurality of successive finishing elements (A, B, C, ...) with individually feedable finishing stones (20) and a common oscillation drive (32) oscillating said stones (20) characterized in that the common oscillation drive (32) is connected to all driven elements (20-28) and to a measuring device (50) for measuring the oscillation movement of the plurality of the finishing stones (20) by means of a hoard (30), a computer means (80) is connected to the output of the measuring device (50), the computer means receiving a signal representing the desired value by means of a junction line (82), the output of the computer means (80) is connected to a adjustable control means (36), the control means (36) is lined up ahead of the oscillation drive (32).
  2. The finishing device of claim 1, characterized in that the measuring device (50) is an acceleration measuring device, the output of which is connected to the computer means (80) via integrators (62, 68).
  3. The finishing device of claim 1, characterized in that the measuring device (50) is a distance measuring device, the output of which is connected to the computer means (80).
  4. The finishing device of claim 3, characterized in that a visual indicator (92) is connected between said distance measuring device (50) and said computer means (80) for showing an amplitude of the oscillation movement.
  5. The finishing device of claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of junction lines are connected between said acceleration measuring device (50) and said computer means (80), and a plurality of visual indicators (56, 60, 66, 72) are connected to said plurality of junction lines.
  6. The finishing device of claim 2 or 5, characterized in that a direct line (74) for transmission of an oscillation frequency connects said acceleration measuring device (50) and said computer means (80).
  7. The finishing device of claim 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that a transmission line (52, 54, 64, 70) for transmitting a oscillation amplitude connects said acceleration measuring device (50) to said computer means (80), two integrators (62, 68) are interposed in the line.
  8. The finishing device of claim 2, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that said plurality of junction lines (52, 54, 58, 64, 70, 76) connected to said visual indicators (56, 60, 66, 72) are positioned between said acceleration measuring device (50) and said computer (80) on said connecting lines so that at least one of said plurality of visual indicators is at one of the following positions:
    a) said direct line (52, 58, 74) between said acceleration measuring device (50) and said computer (80),
    b) before said first integrator (62),
    c) before said second integrator (68), and
    d) after said second integrator (68).
  9. The finishing device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said adjustable control means (36) is a servo valve in a fluid pressure conductor (40, 34).
  10. The finishing device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said common oscillation drive (32) is a single or double working piston.
  11. The finishing device of claim 2 or 5 to 11, characterized in that said acceleration measuring device (50) is a weight pendulum whose force is measured by means of springs or carbon pressure, through induction measuring, capacity measuring, or by means of piezoelectric effect.
EP89111223A 1988-06-21 1989-06-20 Automatic centreless finishing apparatus for articles with a rotation-symmetric surface in a pass-through machine Expired - Lifetime EP0347847B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE8807980U 1988-06-21
DE8807980U DE8807980U1 (en) 1988-06-21 1988-06-21
DE8812160U 1988-09-26
DE8812160U DE8812160U1 (en) 1988-09-26 1988-09-26

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EP0347847A3 (en) 1990-12-05
EP0347847A2 (en) 1989-12-27
DE58905593D1 (en) 1993-10-21

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