EP0347699A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einstellen eines homogenen austenitischen Gefüges - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einstellen eines homogenen austenitischen Gefüges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0347699A1
EP0347699A1 EP89110580A EP89110580A EP0347699A1 EP 0347699 A1 EP0347699 A1 EP 0347699A1 EP 89110580 A EP89110580 A EP 89110580A EP 89110580 A EP89110580 A EP 89110580A EP 0347699 A1 EP0347699 A1 EP 0347699A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire
tube
gas
temperature
pearlitization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89110580A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0347699B1 (de
Inventor
André Reiniche
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Priority to AT89110580T priority Critical patent/ATE97698T1/de
Publication of EP0347699A1 publication Critical patent/EP0347699A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/63—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire the strip being supported by a cushion of gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/561—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with a controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/64—Patenting furnaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and devices for thermally treating carbon steel wires so as to obtain a homogeneous austenite structure, these wires being for example capable of undergoing another heat treatment to obtain a fine pearlitic structure. .
  • the known processes for austenitizing steel wires in the process are notably the following: - induction heating in which the wire is subjected to a magnetic field having a frequency of 5000 to 200,000 Hz; this process only applies under good conditions to wires with a diameter greater than 3 mm and for temperatures below the Curie point. - heating in a muffle furnace using electric resistances; this process avoids the drawbacks of induction heating, but it leads to high heating times of the order of 10 to 15 seconds per millimeter of diameter of the wires.
  • the object of the invention is to obtain heating times of less than 4 seconds per millimeter of wire diameter, during an austenitization treatment, which makes it possible to have higher production rates than with known installations, and which also makes it possible to reduce the lengths of the installations.
  • the invention also relates to the methods and complete installations for the heat treatment of carbon steel wires using the methods and / or devices described above.
  • the invention also relates to the steel wires obtained according to the methods and / or with the devices and installations in accordance with the invention.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a device 100 according to the invention for implementing the method according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a section of the device 100 along the axis xx 'of this device
  • Figure 2 is a section perpendicular to this axis xx', the section of Figure 2 being shown schematically by the straight line segments II-II to Figure 1.
  • the device 100 comprises a tube 2, for example ceramic, refractory steel or tungsten carbide, in which the wire 1 runs in carbon steel along arrow F, along the axis xx ′.
  • the wire drive means 1 are known means not shown in these Figures 1 and 2 for the purpose of simplification, these means comprising for example a winder actuated by a motor, for winding the wire after treatment.
  • the space 3 between the wire 1 and the internal wall 20 of the tube 2 is filled with a gas 4.
  • This gas 4 is directly in contact with the wire 1 and the internal wall 20.
  • the gas 4 remains in the space 3 during the treatment of the wire 1, the device 100 being devoid of means capable of allowing forced ventilation of the gas 4, that is to say that the gas 4 without forced ventilation is possibly set in motion in space 3 as by the displacement of the wire 1 according to arrow F.
  • This gas is for example hydrogen, a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, a mixture of hydrogen and methane, a mixture of hydrogen, nitrogen, and methane, helium, a mixture of helium and methane.
  • the wire 1 is guided by two wire guides 5, for example made of ceramic or tungsten carbide located at the entry and the exit of the wire 1 in the tube 2.
  • the tube 2 is heated externally by an electric resistance 6 wound around the tube 2 and outside this tube 2 against the external wall 21 of the tube 2.
  • the tube 2 is thermally insulated from the outside by the sleeve 7 surrounding the tube 2 and by the two plates 8 located at the ends of the tube 2.
  • Tube 2 is also electrically isolated in case where it is metallic.
  • the plates 8 and the sleeve 7 are for example made with sintered refractory fibers.
  • the tube 2, the heating resistor 6, the sleeve 7 and the plates 8 are placed inside a metal tube 9 which is cooled by a hollow tube 10 wound around the tube 9, this hollow tube 10 being traversed by a cooling fluid 11, for example water.
  • the device 100 is closed at both ends by circular plates 12 which are applied to the flanges 90 of the tube 9, by means of gas-tight seals 13.
  • the sealed passage 14 allows the electrical supply of the resistor 6.
  • This passage 14 is crossed by two electric wires 15 each connected to one end of the resistor 6 (this connection is not shown in the drawing for the purpose of simplification) .
  • This sealed passage 14 is fixed to one of the two circular plates 12 with gas-tight seals 16.
  • the device 100 comprises an expansion clearance 17, the springs 18 act on the plate 19 serving for the distribution of the forces, which makes it possible to maintain the tube 2 in the middle of the sleeve 7 whatever its temperature.
  • D f represents the diameter of the wire 1
  • D ti represents the internal diameter of the tube 2 (diameter of the internal wall 20)
  • D te represents the external diameter of the tube 2 (diameter of the external wall 21).
  • ⁇ is the conductivity of gas 4 determined at 800 ° C, this conductivity being expressed in watts.m ⁇ 1.
  • the invention thus makes it possible, unexpectedly, to heat the wire 1 from a temperature below the transformation temperature AC3, for example from ambient temperature, to a temperature above the transformation temperature AC3, so as to obtain a homogeneous austenite structure, and this for a very short time less than 4 seconds per millimeter in diameter of the wire D f .
  • the nature of the gas 4 so that it exerts a chemical action on the surface of the wire, for example a deoxidizing, fuel or decarburizing action.
  • the invention therefore has the following advantages: - simplicity, low investment and operating costs, because there is no need to use compressors or turbines which would be necessary with forced gas circulation; - one can obtain a precise warming law; - the heating is rapid, which makes it possible to increase the production rates and to decrease the length of the installations; the rapid heating can be applied to wires whose diameter D f varies within wide limits, the same device making it possible in particular to treat wires whose diameters D f vary in a ratio of 1 to 5.
  • the ratio R is close to 1 and the use of a very good heat conducting gas, for example hydrogen, then becomes necessary.
  • the diameter D f of the wire is at least equal to 0.4 mm and at most equal to 6 mm.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 represent another device 200 according to the invention, this device making it possible to simultaneously treat several wires 1, for example six, FIG. 3 being a section of this device along the axis yy ′ of this device and the FIG. 4 being a section perpendicular to the axis of this device, the axis yy ′ being represented by the reference "y" in FIG. 4.
  • the structure of this device 200 is similar to that of the device 100 with the difference that six tubes 2 are arranged in the enclosure 9 constituted by a steel tube, around the axis yy ′ which is the axis of this tube 9.
  • a wire 1 passes through each tube 2, the gas 4 being placed inside the tubes 2 which are each heated by a resistor 6 as previously described for the device 100, the insulating sleeve 7 being arranged around the six tubes 2 .
  • gas 4 was as follows for the examples. .
  • Examples 1, 2, 3 cracked ammonia (75% hydrogen, 25% nitrogen, these% being expressed by volume) .
  • Example 4 78% hydrogen, 2% methane (% by volume)
  • the heating time T c corresponds to the time necessary for the wire to go from the ambient temperature (about 20 ° C.) which it has, at the inlet of the tube, to the temperature which it has at the outlet of the tube ( 980 ° C), this temperature being sufficient to put the carbides in solution.
  • the diameter D f of the wire 1 and the nature of the gas 4 which is a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen are varied and therefore the values of ⁇ , R and K.
  • the following table 2 gives the values of D f , the volumetric% of gas 4 in hydrogen, the values of ⁇ , R, K, as well as the production of wire 1.
  • the heating time per millimeter of wire diameter (T c / D f ) varies from 1.46 to 3.1 sec / mm; Table 2 Wire diameter 1 (mm) (D f ) R % H2 ⁇ at 800 ° C (Wm ⁇ 1. o K ⁇ 1) K Yarn production 1 in kg / hour 1.75 1.43 100 0.487 2.24 158.0 1.55 1.61 98 0.472 2.43 124.0 1.30 1.92 90 0.418 2.64 87.0 0.94 2.66 69 0.297 2.91 45.8 0.82 3.05 62 0.263 2.85 35.0
  • a multitubular device similar to the device 200 described above is used, but with ten tubes 2.
  • the characteristics of the example are as follows:
  • This example is carried out under the same conditions and with the same results as example n ° 2 but by replacing the cracked ammonia with a gas 4 maintaining the thermodynamic equilibrium with the carbon of the steel at 800 ° C., this gas 4 having the following composition (% by volume): 74% hydrogen; 24% nitrogen; 2% methane.
  • This example is carried out under the same conditions as example n ° 2 but the cracked ammonia is replaced by a fuel gas making it possible to correct a decarburization which occurred in the previous operations.
  • the composition of gas 4 is as follows in this example (% volumetric): 85% hydrogen, 15% methane.
  • the other conditions and results are the same as for Example 2 with the following differences: the heating time goes from 2.97 to 2.75 seconds, the ratio T c / D f then being equal to 1.57 sec / mm, the wire running speed is 2.18 m / sec. a thickness of superficial recarburization is obtained on the order of 2 ⁇ m. No graphite deposition is observed on wire 1.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain a very precise temperature of the wire at the outlet of the treatment, this temperature not varying by more than 1.5 ° C. by excess or by default of the temperature indicated at the outlet of the tubes 2, for the examples 1 to 8, which guarantees good consistency in the quality of the wire.
  • Examples 9 to 12 which follow are produced in a device similar to the device 100 previously described, but these examples are not in accordance with the invention.
  • the characteristics of the wire 1 and of this device are given in the following table 3. These examples are characterized by a ratio T c / D f notably greater than 4 seconds per mm of diameter of the wire, the values of the ratios R and K not corresponding to the set of relations (1) and (2) previously indicated and the austenitization does not can not then be performed with the advantages described above.
  • FIG. 6 represents the curve ⁇ showing the evolution of the temperature of the steel wire 1 as a function of time, when this wire crosses the zones Z2 to Z5.
  • This figure also represents the curve x1 corresponding to the start of the transformation of metastable austenite into perlite and the curve x2 corresponding to the end of the transformation of metastable austenite into perlite, for the steel of this wire.
  • the abscissa axis corresponds to time T and the ordinate axis corresponds to temperature ⁇ , the origin of the times corresponding to point A.
  • the wire 1 Prior to the pearlitization treatment, the wire 1 is heated and maintained at a temperature higher than the transformation temperature AC3 so as to obtain a homogeneous austenite, this temperature ⁇ A , for example between 900 ° C and 1000 ° C, corresponding to point A in FIG. 6.
  • the point known as "pearlitic nose” corresponds to the minimum time T m of the curve x1, the temperature of this pearlitic nose being referenced ⁇ P.
  • the wire 1 is then cooled until it reaches a temperature below the transformation temperature AC1, the state of the wire after this cooling corresponding to point B, the temperature obtained at this point B at the end of time T B being referenced ⁇ B.
  • This temperature ⁇ B has been shown in FIG. 6 as being higher than the temperature ⁇ P of the pearlitic nose, which is the most frequent in practice, without being absolutely necessary.
  • This cooling of the wire between points A and B there is transformation of stable austenite into metastable austenite, as soon as the temperature of the wire drops below the transformation point AC3, and "seeds" appear at the grain boundaries of the metastable austenite.
  • the area between the curves x1, x2 is referenced ⁇ .
  • Perlitization consists in passing the thread from the state represented by point B, to the left of zone ⁇ , to a state represented by point C, to the right of zone ⁇ .
  • This transformation of the wire is for example shown diagrammatically by the straight line segment BC which intersects the curve x1 at B x and the curve x2 at C x , but the invention also applies to cases where the variation in temperature of the wire between the points B and C is not linear.
  • the wire is cooled, for example to room temperature, this cooling, preferably rapid, being shown diagrammatically for example by the curved line segment CD, the temperature at D being referenced ⁇ D.
  • the zone Z1 corresponds to the heating of the wire 1 to bring it to the state corresponding to the point A
  • the zone Z2 corresponds to the cooling represented by the portion AB of the curve ⁇
  • the zone Z3 corresponds to the portion BC of the curve ⁇
  • the zones Z4 and Z5 together correspond to the cooling represented by the portion CD of the curve ⁇ .
  • the zone Z1 is produced for example with the device 100 according to the invention described above.
  • the zone Z2 is produced for example in accordance with the French patent application n ° 88/00904.
  • the device 32 corresponding to this zone Z2 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • This device 32 is a heat exchanger comprising an enclosure 33 in the form of a tube with an internal diameter D ′ ti and an external diameter D ′ te in which the wire 1 to be treated travels along the arrow F, of diameter D f .
  • FIG. 7 is a section taken along the axis xx ′ of the wire 1 which is also the axis of the device 32
  • FIG. 8 is a section made perpendicular to this axis xx ′, the section of FIG. 8 being shown diagrammatically by the straight line segments VIII-VIII, in FIG. 7, the axis xx ′ being shown diagrammatically by the letter "x" in FIG. 8.
  • the space 34 between the wire 1 and the tube 33 is filled with a gas 35 which is directly in contact with the wire 1 and the inner wall 330 of the tube 33.
  • the gas 35 remains in the space 34 during the treatment of the wire 1, the device 32 being devoid of means capable of allowing forced ventilation of the gas 35, that is to say that the gas 35 practically without forced ventilation is possibly set in motion in the space 34 only by the displacement of the wire 1 according to arrow F.
  • ⁇ ′ is the conductivity of the gas 35 determined at 600 ° C. This conductivity is expressed in watts.m ⁇ 1. o K ⁇ 1.
  • the wire 1 is guided by two wire guides 36 made for example of ceramic or tungsten carbide, these guides 36 being located one at the inlet, the other at the outlet of the wire 1 in the tube 33.
  • the tube 33 is cooled externally by a heat transfer fluid 37, for example water circulating in an annular sleeve 38 which surrounds the tube 33.
  • This sleeve 38 has a length L ′ m , an internal diameter D ′ mi , an external diameter D ′ Me .
  • the sleeve 38 is supplied with water 37 through the tubing 39, the water 37 leaves the sleeve 38 through the tubing 40, the flow of water 37 along the tube 33 thus taking place in the opposite direction to the direction F
  • the seal between the zone 41 containing water 37 (interior volume of the sleeve 38) and the space 34 containing the gas 35 is obtained using seals 42 produced for example in elastomers.
  • the length of the tube 33 in contact with the fluid 37 is referenced L′t in FIG. 7.
  • the exchanger 32 can in itself constitute a device for the zone Z2. It is also possible to assemble several exchangers 32, along the axis xx ′, by means of the flanges 43 constituting the ends of the sleeve 38, the wire 1 then passing through several exchangers 32 arranged in series along the axis xx ′.
  • D ′ ti and D f being expressed in millimeters
  • ⁇ ′ being the conductivity of the gas determined at 600 ° C and expressed in watts.m ⁇ 1.
  • o K ⁇ 1 Log being the natural logarithm.
  • the gas 35 is for example hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, hydrogen and methane, nitrogen and methane, helium and methane, d 'hydrogen, nitrogen and methane.
  • the ratio R ′ between the internal diameter D ′ ti and the diameter D f of the wire must be close to 1, and the use of a highly conductive gas 35, for example hydrogen , becomes necessary.
  • the zone Z3 of the installation 300 is produced for example by using several exchangers 32 arranged in series, under the conditions described below.
  • the steps of transformation of the wire 1 shown diagrammatically by the line BC in FIG. 1 are carried out at a temperature which varies as little as possible, the temperature of the wire 1, for example, not differing by more than 10 ° C by excess or by default of the temperature ⁇ B obtained after the cooling shown diagrammatically by the line AB.
  • This limitation of the variation in temperature is therefore carried out for a time greater than the pearlitization time, this pearlitization time corresponding to the segment B x C x .
  • the temperature of the wire 1 does not differ by more than 5 ° C by excess or by default of the temperature ⁇ B on this line BC.
  • FIG. 6 represents for example the ideal case where the temperature is constant and equal to ⁇ B during the stages shown diagrammatically by the line BC which is therefore a line segment parallel to the abscissa axis.
  • This modulation can preferably be carried out by varying either the internal diameter D ′ ti of the tubes 33 through which the wire passes, or the length L ′ t of the various tubes 33 through which the wire passes, as described in the patent application French above n ° 88/00904.
  • the exchanger 32 whose cooling power is the highest corresponds to the region where the pearlitization speed is the greatest.
  • the modulation is carried out by varying the internal diameter D ′ ti of the tubes 33, this diameter decreases from the entry of the zone Z3 to the exchanger 32 where the pearlitization speed is the greatest, then this diameter then increases towards the exit from zone Z de, in the direction of arrow F;
  • the modulation is carried out by varying the length L ′ t of the tubes 33, this length increases from the entry of the zone Z3 to the exchanger 32 where the pearlitization speed is the fastest, then this length decreases then towards the exit from zone Z3 in the direction of arrow F.
  • the zone Z4 is constituted for example by an exchanger 32 verifying the relationships (3) and (4) previously defined.
  • the wire 1 then enters the zone Z5 where it is brought to a temperature close to ambient temperature, by example from 20 to 50 ° C, by immersion in water.
  • the wire 1 treated in the installation 300 has the same structure as that obtained by the known lead patenting process, that is to say a fine pearlitic structure.
  • This structure consists of cementite lamellae separated by ferrite lamellae.
  • FIG. 9 represents in section a portion 50 of such a fine pearlitic structure.
  • This portion 50 comprises two substantially parallel cementite lamellae 51 separated by a ferrite lamella 52.
  • the thickness of the cementite lamellae 51 is represented by "i” and the thickness of the ferrite lamellae 52 is represented by "e”.
  • the pearlitic structure is fine, that is to say that the average value i + e is at most equal to 1000 ⁇ , with a standard deviation of 250 ⁇ .
  • Such a wire can be used, for example, to reinforce articles made of plastics or rubbers, in particular tire casings.
  • the installation 300 also makes it possible to obtain at least one of the following results: - After heat treatment and before drawing, the wire has a tensile breaking strength at least equal to 1300 MPa; - The wire can be drawn so as to have a section ratio at least equal to 40; - The wire, after drawing, has a tensile breaking strength at least equal to 3000 MPa.
  • Installation 300 has the following advantages: - simplicity, low investment and operating costs, because: . the use of molten metals or salts is avoided; . there is no need to use compressors or turbines which would be necessary with forced gas circulation; - one can obtain a precise cooling law and avoid the phenomenon of recalescence; - possibility of carrying out with the same installation a pearlitization treatment on diameters D f of wires which can vary within wide limits; - Any hygiene problem is avoided and cleaning of the wire is not necessary since the use of metals or molten salts is avoided.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
EP89110580A 1988-06-21 1989-06-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einstellen eines homogenen austenitischen Gefüges Expired - Lifetime EP0347699B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89110580T ATE97698T1 (de) 1988-06-21 1989-06-12 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstellen eines homogenen austenitischen gefueges.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8808425 1988-06-21
FR8808425A FR2632973B1 (fr) 1988-06-21 1988-06-21 Procedes et dispositifs pour obtenir une structure d'austenite homogene

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0347699A1 true EP0347699A1 (de) 1989-12-27
EP0347699B1 EP0347699B1 (de) 1993-11-24

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EP89110580A Expired - Lifetime EP0347699B1 (de) 1988-06-21 1989-06-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einstellen eines homogenen austenitischen Gefüges

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US (1) US5032191A (de)
EP (1) EP0347699B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2885831B2 (de)
KR (1) KR0128253B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1018931B (de)
AT (1) ATE97698T1 (de)
AU (1) AU627463B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8903004A (de)
CA (1) CA1333250C (de)
DE (1) DE68910887T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2046373T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2632973B1 (de)
IE (1) IE65167B1 (de)
OA (1) OA09079A (de)
ZA (1) ZA894706B (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8803700U1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-07-13 Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke AG, 1000 Berlin und 5300 Bonn Rohrreaktor, insbesondere für den Hochtemperaturaufschluß böhmit- und diasporhaltiger Bauxite
FR2650296B1 (fr) * 1989-07-26 1991-10-11 Michelin & Cie Procede et dispositif pour traiter thermiquement au moins un fil metallique avec des plaques de transfert thermique
US6198083B1 (en) * 2000-04-12 2001-03-06 American Spring Wire Corp. Method and apparatus for heat treating wires

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FR604885A (fr) * 1924-11-01 1926-05-15 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Four électrique à recuire à blanc pour la recuisson à blanc en continu
DE586977C (de) * 1930-05-01 1933-10-28 Aeg Wasserstoffofen zum Blankgluehen von Metallen
US2218177A (en) * 1939-02-28 1940-10-15 Rca Corp Wire treating furnace
DE2111631A1 (de) * 1970-03-13 1972-03-30 Pirelli Vorrichtung zum Haerten von Stahldraht
GB2174485A (en) * 1985-04-23 1986-11-05 Jeffery Boardman Annealing furnaces
WO1987003159A1 (en) * 1985-11-12 1987-05-21 Mg Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for cooling induction heated material
EP0270860A1 (de) * 1986-11-27 1988-06-15 MICHELIN & CIE (Compagnie Générale des Etablissements Michelin) Société dite: Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Stahldraht

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US3900347A (en) * 1974-08-27 1975-08-19 Armco Steel Corp Cold-drawn, straightened and stress relieved steel wire for prestressed concrete and method for production thereof
JPS5827006Y2 (ja) * 1979-03-13 1983-06-11 日立電線株式会社 線材の焼鈍装置
GB8600533D0 (en) * 1986-01-10 1986-02-19 Bekaert Sa Nv Manufacturing pearlitic steel wire
FR2626290B1 (fr) * 1988-01-25 1990-06-01 Michelin & Cie Procedes et dispositifs permettant de traiter thermiquement des fils d'acier au carbone de facon a obtenir une structure perlitique fine

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR604885A (fr) * 1924-11-01 1926-05-15 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Four électrique à recuire à blanc pour la recuisson à blanc en continu
DE586977C (de) * 1930-05-01 1933-10-28 Aeg Wasserstoffofen zum Blankgluehen von Metallen
US2218177A (en) * 1939-02-28 1940-10-15 Rca Corp Wire treating furnace
DE2111631A1 (de) * 1970-03-13 1972-03-30 Pirelli Vorrichtung zum Haerten von Stahldraht
GB2174485A (en) * 1985-04-23 1986-11-05 Jeffery Boardman Annealing furnaces
WO1987003159A1 (en) * 1985-11-12 1987-05-21 Mg Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for cooling induction heated material
EP0270860A1 (de) * 1986-11-27 1988-06-15 MICHELIN & CIE (Compagnie Générale des Etablissements Michelin) Société dite: Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Stahldraht

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Title
PROSPECTUS BBC *

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KR0128253B1 (ko) 1998-04-16
ATE97698T1 (de) 1993-12-15
BR8903004A (pt) 1990-02-06
OA09079A (fr) 1991-10-31
AU627463B2 (en) 1992-08-27
JP2885831B2 (ja) 1999-04-26
IE65167B1 (en) 1995-10-04
JPH0243325A (ja) 1990-02-13
DE68910887D1 (de) 1994-01-05
CN1018931B (zh) 1992-11-04
EP0347699B1 (de) 1993-11-24
FR2632973B1 (fr) 1993-01-15
DE68910887T2 (de) 1994-03-17
ES2046373T3 (es) 1994-02-01
KR900000486A (ko) 1990-01-30
AU3662289A (en) 1990-01-04
US5032191A (en) 1991-07-16
CN1039062A (zh) 1990-01-24
FR2632973A1 (fr) 1989-12-22
IE892007L (en) 1989-12-21
ZA894706B (en) 1990-02-28
CA1333250C (fr) 1994-11-29

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