EP0344437A1 - Hybrid power divider, particularly a three-port hybrid - Google Patents

Hybrid power divider, particularly a three-port hybrid Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0344437A1
EP0344437A1 EP89106471A EP89106471A EP0344437A1 EP 0344437 A1 EP0344437 A1 EP 0344437A1 EP 89106471 A EP89106471 A EP 89106471A EP 89106471 A EP89106471 A EP 89106471A EP 0344437 A1 EP0344437 A1 EP 0344437A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hybrid
waveguides
gate
chain
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89106471A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Werner Grundig E.M.V. Max Grundig Bauerschmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grundig EMV Elektromechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH
Original Assignee
Grundig EMV Elektromechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grundig EMV Elektromechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH filed Critical Grundig EMV Elektromechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH
Publication of EP0344437A1 publication Critical patent/EP0344437A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid power divider according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Hybrid couplers also called hybrid branches, in stripline technology are used, for example, in mixers, phase shifters, power dividers, etc.
  • the stripline technology has the advantages of being easier to manufacture and requiring less space.
  • Hybrid couplers are usually designed as a square hybrid or ring hybrid. Embodiments of hybrid couplers are described and explained in detail in the specialist book "Microwave Technology", Volume 1 by E. Pehl, published by Hüthig-Verlag Heidelberg, pp. 195-199. For a quadrilateral hybrid, it is pointed out on page 197 of the book “Microwave Technology", Volume 1, that by inserting further transverse branches, i.e. Chain arrangement of such quadrangular hybrids, an increase in bandwidth is possible.
  • FIG. 1 Figure 4.12 of the aforementioned "Microwave Technology" book, volume 1, page 199 shows an embodiment for a hybrid power divider.
  • the well-known three-wire hybrid power divider using stripline technology enables power to be divided equally (3 dB divider) with in-phase output signals at the two outputs. Using the reciprocity, this three-port hybrid power divider can also be used when connecting two generators that feed one consumer. For this application shown in FIG. 1, there are demands for a decoupling of the two generators G1 and G2 and a minimum attenuation of the generator output signals by the hybrid power divider.
  • the cable length of the two waveguides L1 and L2 between gate 1 and gate 3 or gate 2 and gate 3 is 2/4.
  • the generator signal fed in at gate 1, which has a frequency f o appears to be ideal lines, attenuated by 3 dB and phase-shifted by 90 o at gate 3.
  • Gate 3 is connected to gate 2 via waveguide L2, so that the generator signal fed in at gate 1 is attenuated by 3 dB and appears at gate 2 shifted in phase by 180 o .
  • Gate 1 and gate 2 are connected to one another by means of a compensating resistor R, which is dimensioned such that the powers of the generator signal supplied via the compensating resistor R and of the generator signal supplied via the two 2/4 long waveguides L1, L2 are the same. Signals with a phase difference of 180 o thus meet at gate 2. This results in cancellation of the two signals at gate 2, ie gate 1 and gate 2 are decoupled. The same applies in the opposite direction when a generator signal is fed in at gate 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows the operational damping (decoupling damping) of the three-port hybrid shown in FIG. 1.
  • Complete extinction takes place only at the frequency f o and above or below this frequency f o the decoupling attenuation drops again.
  • bandwidths within which the damping values are sufficient can be reached in the order of one octave, based on the generator frequencies.
  • the chain arrangement of the quadrilateral hybrids can increase the bandwidth of the hybrid power divider, ie shift the damping pole at frequency f o in the direction of larger damping values, but the disadvantage is the higher space requirement.
  • a cascade filter system is known from DE-PS 26 60 472, in which two vibration sources with different frequencies work alternately or simultaneously on a common consumer.
  • the transmission channels leading from the two vibration sources to the consumer are coupled to one another by means of hybrid couplers, the hybrid couplers being connected in cascade via delay means.
  • the delay means have an adjustable delay device in the form of two line sections which are coupled in the same direction via a directional coupler and to which a short-circuit slide is assigned.
  • the number of pole points can be specified in the cascade filter system by means of the hybrid coupler and the position of the pole points can be shifted by the delay values set on the delay means.
  • Such a filter system requires a lot of circuitry, the exact matching and joining of the chain links, especially when changing the effective line length of the adjustable, short-circuited line sections.
  • the bandwidth of the chain links within which the damping values are of a reasonable order of magnitude is relatively small.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a hybrid power divider in such a way that both an increase in the bandwidth within which the decoupling attenuation values lie in useful orders of magnitude and also a freely selectable specification of the position and number of pole positions is made possible.
  • the hybrid power divider according to the invention has the advantage that the frequency range in which the gates 1 and 2 are decoupled can be freely selected.
  • the embodiment according to claim 2 has the advantage that an identical, periodically repetitive damping curve of the decoupling damping of the chain elements is achieved in the blocking region.
  • the attenuation values in the stop band are between 30 dB and 50 dB.
  • a damping pole can be shifted in a simple manner in a specific sub-frequency band of the blocking region. A reduction in the decoupling attenuation occurs at higher frequencies in the sub-frequency band.
  • the three-port hybrid shown in FIG. 3 has two entrance gates 1, 2 and one exit gate 3.
  • the generators G1, G2 connected to the input gates 1, 2 are connected to the consumer V connected to the output gate 3 via a chain arrangement of chain elements K1, K2, ..., KN.
  • each chain element K1, K2, ..., KN each has two waveguides L11, L12; L21, L22; ...; LN1, LN2 with compensation resistor R1, R2, ..., RN arranged between these waveguides.
  • the waveguides L11, L12 etc. generate phase-shifted signals which are compensated for by the signal carried by the compensation resistor, for example R1.
  • the frequency range in which the gates 1 and 2 are to be decoupled is free due to the number of chain elements K1, K2, ..., KN selectable.
  • the quality of the damping poles can be determined by dimensioning the line wave resistance of the waveguides L11, L12 etc., the value of the compensating resistors R1, R2, ..., RN and the terminating impedances at the gates 1 to 3. As a result, the damping curve can be easily adapted to requirements with regard to the number, position and quality of the damping poles.
  • the frequency spacing of the damping poles is determined by the line length 1 of the waveguides L11, L12, etc. This makes it possible in a simple manner to reduce the increase in the decoupling attenuation between the pole points delimiting the partial frequency band in a predeterminable partial frequency band by inserting further chain elements.
  • FIG. 4 shows the damping curve for the embodiment of a three-port hybrid according to the invention shown in FIG. 3.
  • the upper limit frequency f n of the stop band is determined by the shortest line length of the two waveguides of the chain element, for example, K1, which at the cutoff frequency f n 1/4 of the wavelength with respect to the cutoff frequency f l is n.
  • the value of the resistance R is determined by the characteristic impedance of the waveguides, for example L11, L12, the terminating impedances at gates 1 to 3 and the required blocking attenuation at the pole points at the frequencies f 1, f 2, ... f n .
  • the characteristic impedance of the waveguides for example L11, L12
  • the terminating impedances at gates 1 to 3 and the required blocking attenuation at the pole points at the frequencies f 1, f 2, ... f n .
  • At frequency f n + 1 there is no decoupling between gates 1 and 2, ie a pass band occurs between frequencies f n and f n + 2 .
  • the position of the zero point at the frequency f n + 1 is determined by the wavelength l of the waveguide.
  • Such a filter arrangement can preferably be used as a filter for frequency multiplication, in order to pass the frequency lying at the frequency f n + 1 and to select the pole points in such a way that the undesired frequencies are suppressed.
  • the bandwidth of the pass band at the center frequency f n + 1 and the quality of the damping poles is determined by the wave resistance of the waveguides, e.g. L11, L 12 etc., the value of the compensating resistors R1, R2 etc. and the terminating impedances at gates 1 to 3 certainly.
  • the hybrid power divider according to the invention can be adapted in a simple manner to a predeterminable damping curve, the bandwidth of the pass band and the stop band as well as the number and position of the pole points in the stop band. Furthermore, there is a wide range of possible uses, for example in measuring technology, for measuring the selectivity (adjacent channel attenuation); an advantage in receiver technology for frequency conversion (mixer) etc.

Landscapes

  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

Hybrid couplers are usually designed as square hybrids or ring hybrids. These hybrid couplers have a relatively small bandwidth. By means of a chain arrangement it is possible to enlarge the bandwidth. In this three-gate hybrid, the two generators (G1, G2) connected in each case to an input gate (1, 2) of the hybrid are connected, in order to increase the bandwidth and freely selectable preselection of position and number of the pole points, via a chain arrangement of chain elements (K1, K2...KN), to the load (V) connected to the output gate (3), each chain element consisting of two equally long waveguides (L11, L12; L21, L22...LN1, LN2) having a compensating resistor (R1, R2...RN) arranged between the latter. The hybrid power divider is preferably used as a filter for frequency multiplication. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hybrid-Leistungsteiler nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a hybrid power divider according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Hybridkoppler, auch Hybrid-Verzweigungen genannt, in Streifenleitertechnik werden beispielsweise in Mischern, Phasenschiebern, Leistungsteilern usw. benutzt. Die Streifenleitertechnik weist die Vorteile der einfacheren Herstellbarkeit und des geringen Raumbedarfs auf.Hybrid couplers, also called hybrid branches, in stripline technology are used, for example, in mixers, phase shifters, power dividers, etc. The stripline technology has the advantages of being easier to manufacture and requiring less space.

Bei der Anwendung von Hybridkopplern in einem Mischer ist neben der Forderung nach möglichst niedrigen Konversionsverlusten auch die Forderung, daß nur Leistung von Signalen aus dem Frequenzband des Eingangssignals in die Zwischenfrequenzebene umgesetzt wird, zu erfüllen. Bei einer Umsetzung von Signalen aus anderen Frequenzbereichen, z.B. der Spiegelfrequenz, in die Zwischenfrequenzebene verschlechtert sich der Störspannungsabstand des Zwischenfrequenzsignals.When using hybrid couplers in a mixer, in addition to the requirement for the lowest possible conversion losses, the requirement that only the power of signals from the frequency band of the input signal is converted to the intermediate frequency level must be met. When signals from other frequency ranges, for example the image frequency, are converted into the intermediate frequency level, the signal-to-noise ratio of the intermediate frequency signal deteriorates.

Hybridkoppler sind meist als Viereck-Hybrid oder Ringhybrid ausgeführt. Ausführungsformen von Hybridkopplern sind im Fachbuch "Mikrowellentechnik", Band 1 von E. Pehl, erschienen im Hüthig-Verlag Heidelberg, S. 195 - 199 ausführlich beschrieben und erläutert. Für einen Viereck-Hybrid ist auf Seite 197 des Fachbuches "Mikrowellentechnik", Band 1 darauf hingewiesen, daß durch Einfügen weiterer Querzweige, d.h. Kettenanordnung solcher Viereck-Hybride, eine Vergrößerung der Bandbreite möglich ist.Hybrid couplers are usually designed as a square hybrid or ring hybrid. Embodiments of hybrid couplers are described and explained in detail in the specialist book "Microwave Technology", Volume 1 by E. Pehl, published by Hüthig-Verlag Heidelberg, pp. 195-199. For a quadrilateral hybrid, it is pointed out on page 197 of the book "Microwave Technology", Volume 1, that by inserting further transverse branches, i.e. Chain arrangement of such quadrangular hybrids, an increase in bandwidth is possible.

In Bild 4.12 des vorgenannten Fachbuchs "Mikrowellentechnik", Band 1, Seite 199 ist eine Ausführungsform für einen Hybrid-Leistungsteiler dargestellt. Der daraus bekannte dreitorige Hybrid-Leistungsteiler in Streifenleitertechnik ermöglicht eine Leistungsaufteilung zu gleichen Teilen (3-dB-Teiler) mit phasengleichen Ausgangssignalen an den beiden Ausgängen. Unter Anwendung der Reziprozität kann dieser dreitorige Hybrid-Leistungsteiler auch beim Anschluß zweier Generatoren, welche einen Verbraucher speisen, benutzt werden. Für diesen in Fig. 1 dargestellten Anwendungsfall bestehen die Forderungen nach einer Entkopplung der beiden Generatoren G1 und G2 und einer möglichst geringen Dämpfung der Generatorausgangssignale durch den Hybrid-Leistungsteiler.Figure 4.12 of the aforementioned "Microwave Technology" book, volume 1, page 199 shows an embodiment for a hybrid power divider. The well-known three-wire hybrid power divider using stripline technology enables power to be divided equally (3 dB divider) with in-phase output signals at the two outputs. Using the reciprocity, this three-port hybrid power divider can also be used when connecting two generators that feed one consumer. For this application shown in FIG. 1, there are demands for a decoupling of the two generators G1 and G2 and a minimum attenuation of the generator output signals by the hybrid power divider.

Die Funktionsweise des in Fig. 1 dargestellten dreitorigen Hybrids wird nachstehend näher erläutert.The mode of operation of the three-port hybrid shown in FIG. 1 is explained in more detail below.

Die Leitungslänge der beiden Wellenleiter L1 und L2 zwischen Tor 1 und Tor 3 bzw. Tor 2 und Tor 3 ist 2/4. Das am Tor 1 eingespeiste Generatorsignal, welches eine Frequenz fo aufweist, erscheint, ideale Leitungen angenommen, um 3 dB abgeschwächt und um 90o in der Phase verschoben an Tor 3. Das Tor 3 ist mit dem Tor 2 über den Wellenleiter L2 verbunden, so daß das an Tor 1 eingespeiste Generatorsignal um 3 dB abgeschwächt und um 180o in der Phase verschoben an Tor 2 erscheint.The cable length of the two waveguides L1 and L2 between gate 1 and gate 3 or gate 2 and gate 3 is 2/4. The generator signal fed in at gate 1, which has a frequency f o , appears to be ideal lines, attenuated by 3 dB and phase-shifted by 90 o at gate 3. Gate 3 is connected to gate 2 via waveguide L2, so that the generator signal fed in at gate 1 is attenuated by 3 dB and appears at gate 2 shifted in phase by 180 o .

Tor 1 und Tor 2 sind mittels eines Ausgleichswiderstands R miteinander verbunden, welcher so dimensioniert ist, daß die Leistungen des über den Ausgleichswiderstand R zugeführten Generatorsignals und des über die beiden 2/4-langen Wellenleiter L1, L2 zugeführten Generatorsignals gleich sind. Am Tor 2 treffen somit Signale mit einem Phasenunterschied von 180o zusammen. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Auslöschung der beiden Signale am Tor 2, d.h. Tor 1 und Tor 2 sind entkoppelt. Gleiches gilt in umgekehrter Richtung bei Einspeisung eines Generatorsignals am Tor 2.Gate 1 and gate 2 are connected to one another by means of a compensating resistor R, which is dimensioned such that the powers of the generator signal supplied via the compensating resistor R and of the generator signal supplied via the two 2/4 long waveguides L1, L2 are the same. Signals with a phase difference of 180 o thus meet at gate 2. This results in cancellation of the two signals at gate 2, ie gate 1 and gate 2 are decoupled. The same applies in the opposite direction when a generator signal is fed in at gate 2.

ln Fig. 2 ist die Betriebsdämpfung (Entkoppeldämpfung) des in Fig. 1 dargestellen dreitorigen Hybrids angegeben. Vollkommene Auslöschung findet nur bei der Frequenz fo statt und oberhalb bzw. unterhalb dieser Frequenz fo sinkt die Entkoppeldämpfung wieder ab. In der Praxis sind damit Bandbreiten, innerhalb derer die Dämpfungswerte ausreichend sind, von etwa einer Oktave, bezogen auf die Generatorfrequenzen, erreichbar. Durch die Kettenanordnung der Viereck-Hybride kann zwar die Bandbreite des Hybrid-Leistungsteilers erhöht werden, d.h. Verschiebung des Dämpfungspols bei der Frequenz fo in Richtung größerer Dämpfungswerte, von Nachteil jedoch ist u.a. der höhere Raumbedarf.FIG. 2 shows the operational damping (decoupling damping) of the three-port hybrid shown in FIG. 1. Complete extinction takes place only at the frequency f o and above or below this frequency f o the decoupling attenuation drops again. In practice, bandwidths within which the damping values are sufficient can be reached in the order of one octave, based on the generator frequencies. The chain arrangement of the quadrilateral hybrids can increase the bandwidth of the hybrid power divider, ie shift the damping pole at frequency f o in the direction of larger damping values, but the disadvantage is the higher space requirement.

Weiterhin ist aus der DE-PS 26 60 472 ein Kaskaden-Filtersystem bekannt, bei dem zwei Schwingungsquellen mit unterschiedlichen Frequenzen abwechselnd oder gleichzeitig auf einem gemeinsamen Verbraucher arbeiten. Die von den beiden Schwingungsquellen zum Verbraucher führenden Übertragungskanäle sind mittels Hybridkoppler miteinander gekoppelt, wobei die Hybridkoppler über Verzögerungsmittel in Kaskade geschaltet sind. Die Verzögerungsmittel weisen eine einstellbare Verzögerungseinrichtung in Form zweier über einen Richtungskoppler gleichsinnig gekoppelter Leitungsabschnitte, denen ein Kurzschlußschieber zugeordnet ist, auf. Mittels der Hybridkoppler kann im Kaskaden-Filtersystem die Anzahl der Polstellen vorgegeben werden und durch die an den Verzögerungsmitteln eingestellten Verzögerungswerte wird eine Verschiebung der Lage der Polstellen ermöglicht.Furthermore, a cascade filter system is known from DE-PS 26 60 472, in which two vibration sources with different frequencies work alternately or simultaneously on a common consumer. The transmission channels leading from the two vibration sources to the consumer are coupled to one another by means of hybrid couplers, the hybrid couplers being connected in cascade via delay means. The delay means have an adjustable delay device in the form of two line sections which are coupled in the same direction via a directional coupler and to which a short-circuit slide is assigned. The number of pole points can be specified in the cascade filter system by means of the hybrid coupler and the position of the pole points can be shifted by the delay values set on the delay means.

Ein solches Filtersystem erfordert einen hohen Schaltungsaufwand, das genaue Abgleichen und Zusammenfügen der Kettenglieder, insbesondere bei der Veränderung der wirksamen Leitungslänge der einstellbaren, kurzgeschlossenen Leitungsabschnitte. Außderdem ist die Bandbreite der Kettenglieder, innerhalb derer die Dämpfungswerte in brauchbaren Größenordnungen liegen relativ gering.Such a filter system requires a lot of circuitry, the exact matching and joining of the chain links, especially when changing the effective line length of the adjustable, short-circuited line sections. In addition, the bandwidth of the chain links within which the damping values are of a reasonable order of magnitude is relatively small.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Hybrid-Leistungsteiler derart auszugestalten, daß sowohl eine Vergrößerung der Bandbreite, innerhalb derer die Entkoppeldämpfungswerte in brauchbaren Größenordnungen liegen, als auch eine frei wählbare Vorgabe von Lage und Anzahl der Polstellen ermöglicht wird.The invention is based on the object of designing a hybrid power divider in such a way that both an increase in the bandwidth within which the decoupling attenuation values lie in useful orders of magnitude and also a freely selectable specification of the position and number of pole positions is made possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Hybrid-Leistungsteiler durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in a generic hybrid power divider by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Der erfindungsgemäße Hybrid-Leistungsteiler weist den Vorteil auf, daß der Frequenzbereich, in dem eine Entkopplung der Tore 1 und 2 erfolgt, frei wählbar ist. Zudem ist es möglich eine Filteranordnung zu schaffen, welche bei einer Mittenfrequenz einen Durchlaßbereich und jeweils in einem bestimmten Frequenzabstand eine Anzahl von Polstellen der Dämpfung aufweist.The hybrid power divider according to the invention has the advantage that the frequency range in which the gates 1 and 2 are decoupled can be freely selected. In addition, it is possible to create a filter arrangement which has a pass band at a center frequency and a number of pole points of the damping in each case at a specific frequency spacing.

Die Ausführungsform nach Patentanspruch 2 weist den Vorteil auf, daß im Sperrbereich ein gleicher, periodisch sich wiederholender Dämpfungsverlauf der Entkoppeldämpfung der Kettenelemente erzielt wird. Die Dämpfungswerte im Sperrbereich liegen zwischen 30 dB und 50 dB.The embodiment according to claim 2 has the advantage that an identical, periodically repetitive damping curve of the decoupling damping of the chain elements is achieved in the blocking region. The attenuation values in the stop band are between 30 dB and 50 dB.

Sind gemäß der Ausführungsform nach Patentanspruch 3 die Wellenleiter des Kettenelements ungleich lang, so kann auf einfache Art und Weise in einem bestimmten Teilfrequenzband des Sperrbereichs eine Verschiebung eines Dämpfungspols vorgenommen werden. Dabei tritt eine Verringerung der Entkoppeldämpfung bei höheren Frequenzen im Teilfrequenzband auf.If, according to the embodiment according to claim 3, the waveguides of the chain element are of unequal length, a damping pole can be shifted in a simple manner in a specific sub-frequency band of the blocking region. A reduction in the decoupling attenuation occurs at higher frequencies in the sub-frequency band.

Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in weiteren Unteransprüchen angegeben.Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in further subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsform näher beschrieben und erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig.1 eine Ausführungsform für einen bekannten dreitorigen Hybrid,
  • Fig. 2 den Dämpfungsverlauf für den Hybrid gemäß Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine Ausführungsform für einen Hybrid gemäß der Erfindung und
  • Fig. 4 den Dämpfungsverlauf für den Hybrid gemäß Fig. 3.
The invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows an embodiment for a known three-port hybrid,
  • 2 shows the damping curve for the hybrid according to FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment for a hybrid according to the invention and
  • 4 shows the damping curve for the hybrid according to FIG. 3.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte, bekannte Ausführungsform eines dreitorigen Hybrids, sowie der in Fig. 2 dargestellte Dämpfungsverlauf sind bereits ausführlich beschrieben worden. Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand eines in Fig. 3 dargestellten Hybrid-Leistungsteilers näher beschrieben und erläutert.The known embodiment of a three-port hybrid shown in FIG. 1 and the damping curve shown in FIG. 2 have already been described in detail. The invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to a hybrid power divider shown in FIG. 3.

Der in Fig. 3 dargestellte dreitorige Hybrid weist zwei Eingangstore 1,2 und ein Ausgangstor 3 auf. Die an die Eingangstore 1,2 angeschlossenen Generatoren G1, G2 sind über eine Kettenanordnung von Kettenelementen K1, K2, ..., KN mit dem am Ausgangstor 3 angeschlossenen Verbraucher V verbunden. Bei der in Fig.3 dargestellten Ausführungsform weist jedes Kettenelement K1, K2, ..., KN jeweils zwei gleichlange Wellenleiter L11, L12; L21, L22; ...; LN1, LN2 mit zwischen diesen Wellenleitern angeordneten Ausgleichswiderstand R1, R2, ..., RN auf.The three-port hybrid shown in FIG. 3 has two entrance gates 1, 2 and one exit gate 3. The generators G1, G2 connected to the input gates 1, 2 are connected to the consumer V connected to the output gate 3 via a chain arrangement of chain elements K1, K2, ..., KN. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, each chain element K1, K2, ..., KN each has two waveguides L11, L12; L21, L22; ...; LN1, LN2 with compensation resistor R1, R2, ..., RN arranged between these waveguides.

Durch die Wellenleiter L11, L12 usw. werden phasenverschobene Signale erzeugt, welche durch das über den Ausgleichswiderstand, z.B. R1, geführte Signal kompensiert werden. Der Frequenzbereich, in dem die Entkopplung der Tore 1 und 2 erfolgen soll, ist durch die Anzahl der Kettenelemente K1, K2, ..., KN frei wählbar. Durch die Dimensionierung des Leitungswellenwiderstands der Wellenleiter L11, L12 usw., den Wert der Ausgleichswiderstände R1, R2, ..., RN und der Abschlußimpedanzen an den Toren 1 bis 3 kann die Güte der Dämpfungspole bestimmt werden. Dadurch ist der Dämpfungsverlauf an Forderungen hinsichtlich Anzahl, Lage und Güte der Dämpfungspole einfach anpaßbar. Der Frequenzabstand der Dämpfungspole wird durch die Leitungslänge 1 der Wellenleiter L11, L12 usw. bestimmt. Dadurch ist es auf einfache Art und Weise möglich, in einem vorgebbaren Teilfrequenzband das Ansteigen der Entkoppeldämpfung zwischen den das Teilfrequenzband begrenzenden Polstellen zu verringern, indem weitere Kettenelemente eingefügt werden.The waveguides L11, L12 etc. generate phase-shifted signals which are compensated for by the signal carried by the compensation resistor, for example R1. The frequency range in which the gates 1 and 2 are to be decoupled is free due to the number of chain elements K1, K2, ..., KN selectable. The quality of the damping poles can be determined by dimensioning the line wave resistance of the waveguides L11, L12 etc., the value of the compensating resistors R1, R2, ..., RN and the terminating impedances at the gates 1 to 3. As a result, the damping curve can be easily adapted to requirements with regard to the number, position and quality of the damping poles. The frequency spacing of the damping poles is determined by the line length 1 of the waveguides L11, L12, etc. This makes it possible in a simple manner to reduce the increase in the decoupling attenuation between the pole points delimiting the partial frequency band in a predeterminable partial frequency band by inserting further chain elements.

In Fig. 4 ist der Dämpfungsverlauf für die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Ausführungsform eines dreitorigen Hybrids gemäß der Erfindung angegeben. Die obere Grenzfrequenz fn des Sperrbereichs wird bestimmt durch die kürzeste Leitungslänge l der beiden Wellenleiter des Kettenelements, z.B. K1, welche bei der Grenzfrequenz fn 1/4 der Wellenlänge bezogen auf die Grenzfrequenz fn ist. Die untere Grenzfrequenz f₁ wird u.a. durch die Anzahl N der Kettenelemente festgelegt. Diese beträgt bei der in Fig. 4 dargestellten Ausführungsform, nämlich alle Wellenleiter aller Kettenelemente sind gleichlang,
f₁ = fn / N.FIG. 4 shows the damping curve for the embodiment of a three-port hybrid according to the invention shown in FIG. 3. The upper limit frequency f n of the stop band is determined by the shortest line length of the two waveguides of the chain element, for example, K1, which at the cutoff frequency f n 1/4 of the wavelength with respect to the cutoff frequency f l is n. The lower limit frequency f₁ is determined, inter alia, by the number N of chain elements. 4, namely all waveguides of all chain elements are of equal length,
f₁ = f n / N.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Werte der Ausgleichswiderstände R1, R2, ... RN wie folgt bemessen:
R1 = R
R2 = 2R
...
RN = N.RIn a preferred embodiment, the values of the compensating resistors R1, R2, ... RN are dimensioned as follows:
R1 = R
R2 = 2R
...
RN = N. R

Der Wert des Widerstands R wird dabei vom Wellenwiderstand der Wellenleiter, z.B. L11, L12, den Abschlußimpedanzen an den Toren 1 bis 3 und der geforderten Sperrdämpfung an den Polstellen bei den Frequenzen f₁ , f₂, ... fn bestimmt. Bei der Frequenz fn+1 findet keine Entkopplung zwischen den Toren 1 und 2 statt, d.h. zwischen den Frequenzen fn und fn+2 tritt ein Durchlaßbereich auf. Die Lage der Nullstelle bei der Frequenz fn+1 wird dabei durch die Wellenlänge l der Wellenleiter bestimmt.The value of the resistance R is determined by the characteristic impedance of the waveguides, for example L11, L12, the terminating impedances at gates 1 to 3 and the required blocking attenuation at the pole points at the frequencies f 1, f 2, ... f n . At frequency f n + 1 there is no decoupling between gates 1 and 2, ie a pass band occurs between frequencies f n and f n + 2 . The position of the zero point at the frequency f n + 1 is determined by the wavelength l of the waveguide.

Damit ist es möglich, eine Filteranordnung zu schaffen, welche bei einer Mittenfrequenz fn+1 einen Durchlaßbereich und einen Sperrbereich mit n-Polstellen der Dämpfung im Frequenzabstand f₁ aufweist. Eine solche Filteranordnung läßt sich vorzugsweise als Filter bei der Frequenzvervielfachung benutzen, um die bei der Frequenz fn+1 liegende Frequenz durchzulassen und die Polstellen so zu wählen, daß die nicht gewünschten Frequenzen unterdrückt werden.This makes it possible to create a filter arrangement which, at a center frequency f n + 1, has a pass band and a stop band with n pole points of the damping in the frequency spacing f 1 . Such a filter arrangement can preferably be used as a filter for frequency multiplication, in order to pass the frequency lying at the frequency f n + 1 and to select the pole points in such a way that the undesired frequencies are suppressed.

Die Bandbreite des bei der Mittenfrequenz fn+1liegenden Durchlaßbereichs und die Güte der Dämpfungspole wird dabei vom Wellenwiderstand der Wellenleiter, z.B. L11, L 12 usw., dem Wert der Ausgleichswiderstände R1, R2 usw. und den Abschlußimpedanzen an den Toren 1 bis 3 bestimmt. Der erfindungsgemäße Hybrid-Leistungsteiler läßt sich auf einfache Art und Weise an einen vorgebbaren Dämpfungsverlauf anpassen, wobei die Bandbreite von Durchlaßbereich und Sperrbereich ebenso frei wählbar ist, wie die Anzahl und Lage der Polstellen im Sperrbereich. Weiterhin ist die vielfältige Einsatzmöglichkeit, z.B. in der Meßtechnik beispielsweise, zur Trennschärfemessung (Nachbarkanaldämpfung); in der Empfängertechnik bei der Frequenzumsetzung (Mischer) usw. von Vorteil.The bandwidth of the pass band at the center frequency f n + 1 and the quality of the damping poles is determined by the wave resistance of the waveguides, e.g. L11, L 12 etc., the value of the compensating resistors R1, R2 etc. and the terminating impedances at gates 1 to 3 certainly. The hybrid power divider according to the invention can be adapted in a simple manner to a predeterminable damping curve, the bandwidth of the pass band and the stop band as well as the number and position of the pole points in the stop band. Furthermore, there is a wide range of possible uses, for example in measuring technology, for measuring the selectivity (adjacent channel attenuation); an advantage in receiver technology for frequency conversion (mixer) etc.

Claims (5)

1. Hybrid-Leistungsteiler, insbesondere dreitoriger Hybrid, mit zwei Eingangstoren (1,2) und einem Ausgangstor (3), bei dem zwei, jeweils am Eingangstor (1,2) angeschlossene Generatoren (G1, G2) über jeweils einen Wellenleiter (L1, L2) der Länge 2/4 mit einem am Ausgangstor (3) angeschlossenen Verbraucher (V) verbunden sind und bei dem zwischen den beiden Eingangstoren (1,2) ein Ausgleichswiderstand (R) angeordnet ist, wodurch das über die beiden Wellenleiter (L1, L2) jeweils zum anderen Eingangstor (1,2) geführte Generatorsignal, infolge eines Phasenunterschiedes von 180o, von dem über den Ausgleichswiderstand (R) zugeführten Generatorsignal kompensiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Generatoren (G1, G2) über eine Kettenanordnung von Kettenelementen K1, K2, ..., KN) mit dem Verbraucher (V) verbunden sind, wobei jedes Kettenelement (K1, K2, ..., KN) aus zwei gleichlangen Wellenleitern (L11, L12; L21, L22; ...; LN1, LN2) mit zwischen diesen angeordnetem Ausgleichswiderstand (R1, R2, .., RN) besteht.1. Hybrid power divider, in particular three-port hybrid, with two input gates (1, 2) and one output gate (3), in which two generators (G1, G2), each connected to the input gate (1, 2), each have a waveguide (L1 , L2) of length 2/4 are connected to a consumer (V) connected to the output port (3) and in which a compensating resistor (R) is arranged between the two input ports (1,2), which means that the two waveguides (L1 , L2) each to the other input gate (1,2) led generator signal, due to a phase difference of 180 o , is compensated for by the generator signal supplied via the compensation resistor (R), characterized in that the two generators (G1, G2) via a chain arrangement of chain elements K1, K2, ..., KN) are connected to the consumer (V), each chain element (K1, K2, ..., KN) consisting of two waveguides of the same length (L11, L12; L21, L22; .. .; LN1, LN2) with compensation widgets arranged between them tand (R1, R2, .., RN) exists. 2. Hybrid nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wellenleiter (L11, L12; L21, L22; ...; LN1, LN2) aller Kettenelemente (K1,K2, ..., KN) gleichlang sind.2. Hybrid according to claim 1, characterized in that the waveguides (L11, L12; L21, L22; ...; LN1, LN2) of all chain elements (K1, K2, ..., KN) are of equal length. 3. Hybrid nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Wellenleitern (z.B. L11, L12) mindestens eines Kettenelements (z.B. K1) ungleich lang zu den beiden Wellenleitern der anderen Kettenelemente (z.B. K2, ...,KN) sind.3. Hybrid according to claim 1, characterized in that the two waveguides (eg L11, L12) of at least one chain element (eg K1) are not of the same length as the two waveguides of the other chain elements (eg K2, ..., KN). 4. Hybrid nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werte der Ausgleichswiderstände (R1, R2, ..., RN) wie folgt bemessen sind:
R1 = R
R2 = 2R
R3 = 3R
...
RN = N.R,
wobei N die Anzahl der Kettenelemente ist.4. Hybrid according to claim 1, characterized in that the values of the compensating resistors (R1, R2, ..., RN) are dimensioned as follows:
R1 = R
R2 = 2R
R3 = 3R
...
RN = N. R,
where N is the number of chain elements. 5. Hybrid nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wert des Widerstands R und der Abschlußimpedanzen ZA (Generatorinnenwiderstand bzw. Innenwiderstand des Verbrauchers) an den beiden Eingangstoren (1,2) und am Ausgangstor (3) gleich dem Wellenwiderstand ZL der Wellenleiter (L11, L12; L21, L22; ...; LN1, LN2) gewählt werden.5. Hybrid according to claim 4, characterized in that the value of the resistance R and the terminating impedances Z A (generator internal resistance or internal resistance of the consumer) at the two input gates (1,2) and at the output gate (3) equal to the characteristic impedance Z L Waveguides (L11, L12; L21, L22; ...; LN1, LN2) can be selected.
EP89106471A 1988-04-30 1989-04-12 Hybrid power divider, particularly a three-port hybrid Withdrawn EP0344437A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3814744 1988-04-30
DE19883814744 DE3814744A1 (en) 1988-04-30 1988-04-30 HYBRID PERFORMANCE DIVIDER, IN PARTICULAR THREE-TORCH HYBRID

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0344437A1 true EP0344437A1 (en) 1989-12-06

Family

ID=6353320

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89106471A Withdrawn EP0344437A1 (en) 1988-04-30 1989-04-12 Hybrid power divider, particularly a three-port hybrid

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0344437A1 (en)
DE (2) DE3814744A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2663477A1 (en) * 1990-06-18 1991-12-20 Alcatel Trasmission Faisceaux Wide-band active mixer
AU625827B2 (en) * 1989-05-05 1992-07-16 Marconi Company Limited, The Radio frequency network
WO2006123289A2 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 Nxp B.V. Integrated doherty type amplifier arrangement with high power efficiency

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10130114B4 (en) * 2001-06-21 2016-10-27 Grundig Multimedia B.V. Device for merging or splitting high-frequency signals

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Band MTT-16, Nr. 2, Februar 1968, Seiten 110-116; S.B. COHN: "A class of broadband three-port TEM-mode hybrids" *
MICROWAVE JOURNAL, Band 27, Nr. 11, November 1984, Seiten 125-126,128,132,134-135, Dedham, Massachusetts, US; C.Q. LI et al.: "CAD/CAE design of an improved, wideband Wilkinson power divider" *
MICROWAVE JOURNAL, Band 30, Nr. 4, April 1987, Seiten 155-156,158,160,162,164,166, Norwood, MA, US; R.G. BOSISIO et al.: "Computer-aided evaluation of manufacturing tolerances of an optimized, wideband Wilkinson power divider" *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU625827B2 (en) * 1989-05-05 1992-07-16 Marconi Company Limited, The Radio frequency network
FR2663477A1 (en) * 1990-06-18 1991-12-20 Alcatel Trasmission Faisceaux Wide-band active mixer
WO2006123289A2 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 Nxp B.V. Integrated doherty type amplifier arrangement with high power efficiency
WO2006123289A3 (en) * 2005-05-20 2007-02-15 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Integrated doherty type amplifier arrangement with high power efficiency

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE8816832U1 (en) 1990-09-20
DE3814744A1 (en) 1989-11-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2645294B2 (en) Multiple coupler for closely spaced frequency channels
DE2706373C3 (en) Mixing stage
DE3586133T2 (en) MICROWAVE POWER DISTRIBUTORS OR MIXERS.
DE2535257B2 (en) Adjustable transit time equalizer
DE2946331A1 (en) MICROWAVE POWER DIVIDER WITH TWO INPUTS AND THREE OUTPUTS
EP0344437A1 (en) Hybrid power divider, particularly a three-port hybrid
DE2649233B2 (en) Frequency combination circuit
DE3329057A1 (en) Coaxial-lead filter, comb-lead filter or interdigital filter having at least four resonators
EP0496999A2 (en) High-frequency power divider/combiner circuit
DE2660472C2 (en) Cascade filter system in which two vibration sources with different frequencies work alternately or simultaneously on a common consumer
DE2611712A1 (en) BROADBAND SHAFT MIXING STAGE
DE2541569C2 (en) Frequency dependent attenuator
EP0226951B1 (en) Bandstop filter with line elements for short electromagnetic waves
DE636091C (en) Circuit arrangement for separating different current paths using a differential circuit
DE2054135B2 (en) POLYLITHIC CRYSTAL RIBBON PASS FILTER
DE950304C (en) Arrangement to compensate for differences in transit time of very short electromagnetic waves
DE3616033C2 (en) Reflection phase shifter
DE1814954B2 (en) Two output electromechanical filter - has narrow band filter weakly mechanically coupled to broad band input transducer
EP0316611B1 (en) Vhf radio transmission installation using at least two transmitters with a different frequency
DE957867C (en) Filter or switch section filter with a coaxial high-frequency line
DE2612758B2 (en) Circuit arrangement for splitting RF power
DE19532470B4 (en) Selective multikopter
DE1065026B (en) Waveguide bridge circuit for microwaves
DE2201626C3 (en) Application of the pre-equalization principle in traveling wave tube amplifiers
DE2358092C2 (en) Device for changing the frequency response of a klystron amplifier

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB LI

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN

18W Application withdrawn

Withdrawal date: 19891229