EP0226951B1 - Bandstop filter with line elements for short electromagnetic waves - Google Patents
Bandstop filter with line elements for short electromagnetic waves Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0226951B1 EP0226951B1 EP86117196A EP86117196A EP0226951B1 EP 0226951 B1 EP0226951 B1 EP 0226951B1 EP 86117196 A EP86117196 A EP 86117196A EP 86117196 A EP86117196 A EP 86117196A EP 0226951 B1 EP0226951 B1 EP 0226951B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- line
- coupling
- input
- electromagnetic waves
- line elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
- H01P1/209—Hollow waveguide filters comprising one or more branching arms or cavities wholly outside the main waveguide
Definitions
- the invention relates to a band stopper according to the preamble of the claim.
- Band locks of the aforementioned type are known in principle from US Pat. No. 4,449,108.
- the lengths of the coupling line sections are chosen to deviate from the value ⁇ / 4 in order to improve the barrier damping of the band stopper with this measure.
- at least three blocking circuits are required and the band stop is designed so that a blocking circuit is present at the input and the output.
- the blocking circuits can also be constructed from concentrated switching elements, then a number of synthetic methods, in particular for broadband barriers, result in line pieces with different characteristic impedances for the coupling lines. This leads to a complicated implementation because stepped transmission lines have to be used. The jumps make it more difficult to manufacture and control the interference reactions.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying possible implementations of bandstops from line elements, in which wave resistance jumps are no longer necessary in the coupling line sections. It is thereby achieved to optimize the echo attenuation.
- Fig. 1 the general electrical equivalent circuit diagram of a bandstop from line elements is shown.
- the individual line elements lie between the terminating resistors Z A on the input and output sides.
- the input-side resistance Z A is therefore followed by a line of length 1K1 with the characteristic impedance ZK1.
- a line element for example in the form of a resonator, with the line length IS1 and the characteristic impedance ZS1 is connected in parallel.
- further coupling lines then follow in the chain, as is also indicated by the dashed lines.
- the last reactance element is identified by a short-circuited line of length ISn and wave impedance ZSn, which in turn is followed by the last coupling line section with length IK, n + 1. This is followed by the terminating resistor Z A.
- Such circuits can be calculated, for example, according to the book by Matthaei, Young, Jonas "Design of Microwaves Filters Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures" (McGraw-Hill, New York 1964), with particular reference to pages 733 to 737 and pages 757 to 759.
- An approximate calculation with a narrow blocking range and an exact calculation for filters with a wide and narrow blocking range are shown there in detail.
- Table A shows the following in columns I, II and 111.
- the corresponding values can be seen in column 111 if only wave resistance jumps (Zk jumps) before the band stop was implemented be taken.
- the invention now solves the technical problem in such a way that a wave resistance jump occurs only at the input and output of an at least two-circuit bandstop and the lengths of the coupling and coupling line sections deviate considerably from the value ⁇ / 4. Lines of length ⁇ / 2 can also be connected in a known manner.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b show the gain in echo attenuation and the change in the blocking attenuation with a four-circuit bandstop.
- the dashed curves and II show the course according to the classic filter design, the dotted curve III shows the course if only Zk jumps are made and the solid curve IV shows if only one Zk jump is made, the line length Lk being graded is.
- FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c A four-circuit embodiment using line elements is shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c.
- the band stop shown the individual lengths of the coupling lines IK1, IK2, IK3, IK2 and finally iK1 can again be seen.
- the blocking circles are labeled IS as in Table A.
- the sectional drawings shown in FIGS. 3b and 3c as section A-B and section E-F also show the design of the band stopper.
- a surge in the impedance is no longer necessary in the coupling lines, while the lines only become wider at input 1 and output 2 and the impedance changes there.
- the band lock described has the advantage that a sufficiently large manufacturing accuracy can also be achieved with a relatively space-saving and simple production.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bandsperre gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches.The invention relates to a band stopper according to the preamble of the claim.
Bandsperren der vorgenannten Art sind dem Grundkonzept nach aus der US-PS 4 449 108 bekannt. Bei den dort beschriebenen Bandsperren werden die Längen der Koppelleitungsabschnitte abweichend vom Wert λ/4 gewählt, um mit dieser Maßnahme die Sperrdämpfung der Bandsperre zu verbessern. Es werden bei dieser Lösung jedoch wenigstens drei Sperrkreise benötigt und es ist die Ausgestaltung der Bandsperre so vorgenommen, daß am Eingang und am Ausgang ein Sperrkreis anliegt.Band locks of the aforementioned type are known in principle from US Pat. No. 4,449,108. In the case of the band locks described there, the lengths of the coupling line sections are chosen to deviate from the value λ / 4 in order to improve the barrier damping of the band stopper with this measure. In this solution, however, at least three blocking circuits are required and the band stop is designed so that a blocking circuit is present at the input and the output.
Bekanntlich wird bei Bandsperren im allgemeinen für einen begrenzten Frequenzbereich eine möglichst hohe Sperrdämpfung gewünscht und für einen weiteren Frequenzbereich eine möglichst geringe Durchlaßdämpfung gefordert, was gleichbedeutend mit einer hohen Echodämpfung ist, während im restlichen Frequenzbereich in der Regel keine speziellen Anforderungen bestehen. Das Erfüllen der Echodämpfungforderung stellt bekanntlich ein besonderes technisches Problem dar. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es auch bekannt, daß der sogenannte klassische Filterentwurf neben dem gewünschten Sperrbereich im restlichen Frequenzbereich einen einheitlichen Durchlaßbereich ergibt. Bei einer Realisierung der Sperrenschaltung aus Leitungselementen ergeben sich aufgrund der Leitungscharakteristik weitere Sperrbereiche bei ungeradzahligen Vielfachen der Sperrbereichsmittenfrequenz. Zwischen den Sperrbereichen liegen Durchlaßbereiche mit gleich großem Dämpfungsrippel, wie dies beispielsweise aus dem Buch von Matthaei, Young, Jones "Design of Microware Filters Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures" (McGraw-Hill, New York 1964) und dort insbesondere Seite 758 bekannt ist. Die in diesem Zusammenhang bekannten Bandsperren aus Leitungselementen bestehen aus Sperrkreisen, die mit Koppelleitungen der Länge λ/4 oder ungeradzahligen Vielfachen davon versehen sind, wobei λ, die Wellenlänge einer im Sperrbereich liegenden Frequenz ist. Wenn man solche Bandsperren aus Leitungselementen gemäß ihrem elektrischen Ersatzschaltbild aufbaut, die Sperrkreise können auch aus konzentrierten Schaltelementen aufgebaut sein, dann ergeben sich bei einer Reihe von Syntheseverfahren, insbesondere für breitbandige Sperren Leitungsstücke mit unterschiedlichen Wellenwiderständen für die Koppeleitungen. Dies führt zu einer komplizierten Realisierung, weil gestufte Übertragungsleitungen verwendet werden müssen. Die Sprünge erschweren nämlich die Herstellung und die Beherrschung der Störreaktanzen.As is known, in the case of bandstop filters, as high a blocking attenuation as possible is generally desired for a limited frequency range and as low a pass-through attenuation as possible is required for a further frequency range, which is synonymous with high echo attenuation, while there are generally no special requirements in the remaining frequency range. Fulfilling the echo attenuation requirement is known to be a particular technical problem. In this context it is also known that the so-called classic filter design results in a uniform passband in addition to the desired stop band in the remaining frequency range. When the barrier circuit is implemented using line elements, further barrier regions with odd multiples of the center zone blocking frequency result due to the line characteristic. Between the restricted areas there are passband areas with an equally large damping ripple, as is known, for example, from the book by Matthaei, Young, Jones "Design of Microware Filters Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures" (McGraw-Hill, New York 1964) and there in particular page 758 is. The bandstoppers made of line elements known in this connection consist of blocking circles which are provided with coupling lines of length λ / 4 or odd multiples thereof, where λ is the wavelength of a frequency lying in the stop band. If one builds up such bandstops from line elements in accordance with their electrical equivalent circuit diagram, the blocking circuits can also be constructed from concentrated switching elements, then a number of synthetic methods, in particular for broadband barriers, result in line pieces with different characteristic impedances for the coupling lines. This leads to a complicated implementation because stepped transmission lines have to be used. The jumps make it more difficult to manufacture and control the interference reactions.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Realisierungsmöglichkeiten von Bandsperren aus Leitungselementen anzugeben, bei denen in den Koppelleitungsabschnitten Wellenwiderstandssprünge nicht mehr erforderlich sind. Es wird dadurch erreicht, die Echodämpfung zu optimieren.The invention is based on the object of specifying possible implementations of bandstops from line elements, in which wave resistance jumps are no longer necessary in the coupling line sections. It is thereby achieved to optimize the echo attenuation.
Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles wird nachstehend die Erfindung noch näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.
- Fig. 1 das elektrische Ersatzschaltbild einer Bandsperre aus Leitungselementen,1 is the electrical equivalent circuit diagram of a bandstop made of line elements,
- Fig. 2a Analysekurven für die Echodämpfung AE in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz f zwischen 8 und 13 GHz,2a analysis curves for the echo attenuation AE depending on the frequency f between 8 and 13 GHz,
- Fig. 2b Analysekurven für die Betriebsdämpfung AE in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz f zwischen 13 und 14,6 GHz,2b analysis curves for the operational damping AE depending on the frequency f between 13 and 14.6 GHz,
- Fig. 3a, 3b, 3c die Realisierung einer vierkreisigen Bandsperre aus Leitungselementen, insbesondere zeigt Fig. 3b einen Schnitt von Fig. 3a entlang der Schnittlinie A-B und weiterhin zeigt Fig. 3c einen Schnitt von Fig. 3a entlang der Schnittlinie E-F.3a, 3b, 3c the realization of a four-circle band stop from line elements, in particular Fig. 3b shows a section of Fig. 3a along the section line A-B and Fig. 3c shows a section of Fig. 3a along the section line E-F.
In Fig. 1 ist das allgemeine elektrische Ersatzschaltbild einer Bandsperre aus Leitungselementen dargestellt. Zwischen den ein- und ausgangsseitigen Abschlußwiderständen ZA liegen die einzelnen Leitungselemente. Es folgt also dem eingangsseitigen Widerstand ZA eine Leitung der Länge 1K1 mit dem Wellenwiderstand ZK1. Nach dieser Koppelleitung ist ein Leitungselement, z.B. in Form eines Resonators, mit der Leitungslänge IS1 und dem Wellenwiderstand ZS1 parallel angeschaltet. Im Verlauf der Gesamtschaltung folgen dann in Kette nachgeschaltet weitere Koppelleitungen, wie dies auch durch die gestrichelten Linien angedeutet ist. Das letzte Blindwiderstandselement ist durch eine kurzgeschlossene Leitung der Länge ISn und des Wellenwiderstandes ZSn kenntlich gemacht, an den sich wiederum der letzte Koppelleitungsabschnitt mit der Länge IK, n+1 anschließt. Danach folgt der Abschlußwiderstand ZA.In Fig. 1 the general electrical equivalent circuit diagram of a bandstop from line elements is shown. The individual line elements lie between the terminating resistors Z A on the input and output sides. The input-side resistance Z A is therefore followed by a line of length 1K1 with the characteristic impedance ZK1. After this coupling line, a line element, for example in the form of a resonator, with the line length IS1 and the characteristic impedance ZS1 is connected in parallel. In the course of the overall circuit, further coupling lines then follow in the chain, as is also indicated by the dashed lines. The last reactance element is identified by a short-circuited line of length ISn and wave impedance ZSn, which in turn is followed by the last coupling line section with length IK, n + 1. This is followed by the terminating resistor Z A.
Die Berechnung solcher Schaltungen kann beispielsweise nach dem Buch von Matthaei, Young, Jonas "Design of Microwaves Filters Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures" (McGraw-Hill, New York 1964) erfolgen, wobei insbesondere auf die Seiten 733 bis 737 und die Seiten 757 bis 759 verwiesen sei. Dort ist im einzelnen eine näherungsweise Berechnung mit einem schmalen Sperrbereich und eine genaue Berechnung für Filter mit breiten und schmalen Sperrbereich dargestellt. Tabelle A läßt in den Spalten I, II und 111 folgendes erkennen. Die Spalten I und 11 bringen die Werte für die Übertragungsleitung (lk1'-...) und für die Sperrkreise (IS1'-...) und die jeweiligen Wellenwiderstände ZK1'-ZK5' der Ubertragungsleitungen und die Wellenwiderstände der Sperrkreise Zs1'-Zs4' bei einem klassischen Entwurf für eine Echodämpfung AE=30dB und AE=60dB. In Spalte 111 sind die entsprechenden Werte zu erkennen, wenn bei der Realisierung der Bandsperre nur Wellenwiderstandssprünge (Zk-Sprünge) vorgenommen werden. Die Erfindung löst nun das technische Problem in der Weise, daß nur am Ein- und Ausgang einer mindestens zweikreisigen Bandsperre ein Wellenwiderstandssprung vorliegt und die Längen der Einkoppel-und Koppelleitungsabschnitte vom Wert λ/4 erheblich abweicht. In bekannter Weise können auch Leitungen der Länge λ/2 zugeschaltet werden.Such circuits can be calculated, for example, according to the book by Matthaei, Young, Jonas "Design of Microwaves Filters Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures" (McGraw-Hill, New York 1964), with particular reference to pages 733 to 737 and pages 757 to 759. An approximate calculation with a narrow blocking range and an exact calculation for filters with a wide and narrow blocking range are shown there in detail. Table A shows the following in columns I, II and 111. Columns I and 11 contain the values for the transmission line (lk1 '-...) and for the blocking circuits (IS1' -...) and the respective wave resistances ZK1'-ZK5 'of the transmission lines and the wave resistances of the blocking circuits Zs1'- Zs4 'in a classic design for an echo attenuation AE = 30dB and AE = 60dB. The corresponding values can be seen in column 111 if only wave resistance jumps (Zk jumps) before the band stop was implemented be taken. The invention now solves the technical problem in such a way that a wave resistance jump occurs only at the input and output of an at least two-circuit bandstop and the lengths of the coupling and coupling line sections deviate considerably from the value λ / 4. Lines of length λ / 2 can also be connected in a known manner.
Für das gezeigte Beispiel ist dies in Spalte IV von Tabelle A zu erkennen.For the example shown, this can be seen in column IV of table A.
Mit Hilfe von Analyse- bzw. Optimierungsprogrammen können der Wellenwiderstandssprung und die Längen bestimmt werden, bei denen sich ein gewünschter Verlauf der Echodämpfung einstellt.With the aid of analysis or optimization programs, the jump in wave resistance and the lengths at which a desired course of the echo attenuation occurs.
Die Analysekurven in den Fig. 2a und 2b zeigen den Gewinn an Echodämpfung und die Veränderung der Sperrdämpfung bei einer vierkreisigen Bandsperre. Die gestrichelten Kurven und II zeigen dabei den Verlauf nach dem klassischen Filterentwurf, die gepunktete Kurve lll zeigt den Verlauf, wenn nur Zk-Sprünge vorgenommen werden und die ausgezogene Kurve IV zeigt, wenn nur ein Zk-Sprung vorgenommen wird, wobei die Leitungslänge Lk gestuft ist.The analysis curves in FIGS. 2a and 2b show the gain in echo attenuation and the change in the blocking attenuation with a four-circuit bandstop. The dashed curves and II show the course according to the classic filter design, the dotted curve III shows the course if only Zk jumps are made and the solid curve IV shows if only one Zk jump is made, the line length Lk being graded is.
Ein vierkreisiges Ausführungsbeispiel unter Verwendung von Leitungselementen ist in Fig. 3a, 3b und 3c angezeigt. Für die dargestellte Bandsperre sind wiederum die einzelnen Längen der Koppelleitungen IK1, IK2, IK3, IK2 und schließlich iK1 zu erkennen. Die Sperrkreise sind ebenso wie in der Tabelle A mit IS bezeichnet. Durch die dargestellten Schnittzeichnungen in den Fig. 3b und 3c als Schnitt A-B bzw. als Schnitt E-F ist auch die konstruktive Ausgestaltung der Bandsperre erkennbar. In den Koppelleitungen ist ein Wellenwiderstandssprung also nicht mehr erforderlich, während nur am Eingang 1 und am Ausgang 2 die Leitungen breiter werden und dort sich also der Wellenwiderstand ändert. Die Leitungslängen IK weichen erheblich vom Wert λ/4 und von den äquivalenten Werten (2n+1) λ/4 (n=1, 2, ...) ab, wie dies in Spalte IV von Tabelle A erkennbar ist.A four-circuit embodiment using line elements is shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c. For the band stop shown, the individual lengths of the coupling lines IK1, IK2, IK3, IK2 and finally iK1 can again be seen. The blocking circles are labeled IS as in Table A. The sectional drawings shown in FIGS. 3b and 3c as section A-B and section E-F also show the design of the band stopper. A surge in the impedance is no longer necessary in the coupling lines, while the lines only become wider at
Die beschriebene Bandsperre hat den Vorteil, daß sich bei einer verhältnismäßig raumsparenden und einfachen Herstellung auch eine ausreichend große Fertigungsgenauigkeit erreichen läßt.
Claims (1)
- Bandstop filter with line elements for short electromagnetic waves, consisting of at least two resonators, an input line and an output line, in which the individual resonators are connected to one another via coupling lines, which have an electrical length deviating from V4, if λ is the wavelength of a frequency lying in the stop range, characterized in that characteristic impedance jumps are only envisaged in the input line and in the output line and the lengths of the input-coupling and coupling line sections deviate considerably from the value (2n-1) λ/4 (n = 1, 2, ...).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT86117196T ATE55847T1 (en) | 1985-12-13 | 1986-12-10 | SHORT ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE REMOVAL WITH CONDUCTING ELEMENTS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3544171 | 1985-12-13 | ||
| DE3544171 | 1985-12-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0226951A1 EP0226951A1 (en) | 1987-07-01 |
| EP0226951B1 true EP0226951B1 (en) | 1990-08-22 |
Family
ID=6288399
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86117196A Expired - Lifetime EP0226951B1 (en) | 1985-12-13 | 1986-12-10 | Bandstop filter with line elements for short electromagnetic waves |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0226951B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE55847T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3673622D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2665576B1 (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-11-20 | Alcatel Telspace | MICROWAVE FILTER. |
| US5256990A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1993-10-26 | Skydata, Inc. | Compact, die-cast precision bandstop filter structure |
| US5407904A (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-04-18 | Das; Satyendranath | High Tc superconducting high power filters |
| DE19941311C1 (en) * | 1999-08-31 | 2001-06-07 | Cryoelectra Ges Fuer Kryoelek | Band filter |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3579153A (en) * | 1967-09-07 | 1971-05-18 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave filter |
-
1986
- 1986-12-10 EP EP86117196A patent/EP0226951B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-10 DE DE8686117196T patent/DE3673622D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-12-10 AT AT86117196T patent/ATE55847T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3673622D1 (en) | 1990-09-27 |
| ATE55847T1 (en) | 1990-09-15 |
| EP0226951A1 (en) | 1987-07-01 |
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