EP0226951A1 - Bandstop filter with line elements for short electromagnetic waves - Google Patents

Bandstop filter with line elements for short electromagnetic waves Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0226951A1
EP0226951A1 EP86117196A EP86117196A EP0226951A1 EP 0226951 A1 EP0226951 A1 EP 0226951A1 EP 86117196 A EP86117196 A EP 86117196A EP 86117196 A EP86117196 A EP 86117196A EP 0226951 A1 EP0226951 A1 EP 0226951A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
coupling
input
electromagnetic waves
line elements
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Granted
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EP86117196A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0226951B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Langer
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • H01P1/209—Hollow waveguide filters comprising one or more branching arms or cavities wholly outside the main waveguide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a band stopper according to the preamble of the claim.
  • Band locks of the aforementioned type are known in principle from US Pat. No. 4,449,108.
  • the lengths of the coupling line sections are chosen to deviate from the value ⁇ / 4 in order to improve the barrier damping of the band stopper with this measure.
  • at least three blocking circuits are required and the band stop is designed so that a blocking circuit is present at the input and the output.
  • the blocking circuits can also be constructed from concentrated switching elements, then a number of synthetic methods, in particular for broadband barriers, result in line pieces with different wave resistances for the coupling lines. This leads to a complicated implementation because stepped transmission lines have to be used. The jumps make it more difficult to manufacture and control the interference reactions.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying possible implementations of bandstops from line elements, in which wave resistance jumps are no longer necessary in the coupling line sections. It is thereby achieved to optimize the echo attenuation.
  • Fig. 1 the general electrical equivalent circuit of a bandstop from line elements is shown.
  • the individual line elements lie between the terminating resistors Z A on the input and output sides.
  • the input-side resistance Z A is therefore followed by a line of length lK1 with the wave resistance ZK1.
  • a line element for example in the form of a resonator, with the line length IS1 and the characteristic impedance ZS1 is connected in parallel.
  • further coupling lines then follow in the chain, as is also indicated by the dashed lines.
  • the last reactance element is identified by a short-circuited line of length lSn and wave impedance ZSn, which in turn is followed by the last coupling line section with length lK, n + 1. This is followed by the terminating resistor Z A.
  • Such circuits can be calculated, for example, according to the book by Matthaei, Young, Jonas "Design of Microwaves Filters Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures" (McGraw-Hill, New York 1964), with particular reference to pages 733 to 737 and pages 757 to 759.
  • An approximate calculation with a narrow blocking range and an exact calculation for filters with a wide and narrow blocking range are shown there in detail.
  • Table A shows the following in columns I, II and III.
  • the corresponding values can be seen in column III if only wave resistance jumps (Zk jumps) are made when the bandstop is implemented.
  • the invention now solves the technical problem in such a way that a wave resistance jump occurs only at the input and output of an at least two-circuit bandstop and the lengths of the coupling and coupling line sections deviate considerably from the value ⁇ / 4. Lines of length ⁇ / 2 can also be connected in a known manner.
  • the analysis curves in FIGS. 2a and 2b show the gain in echo attenuation and the change in the blocking attenuation with a four-circuit bandstop.
  • the dashed curves I and II show the course according to the classic filter design, the dotted curve III shows the course if only Zk jumps are made and the solid curve IV shows if only a Zk jump is made, the line length Lk is graded.
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c A four-circuit embodiment using line elements is shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c.
  • the individual lengths of the coupling lines lK1, lK2, lK3, lK2 and finally lK1 can again be seen.
  • the blocking circles are denoted as IS in Table A.
  • section AB or section EF the structural design of the band stop can also be seen.
  • a surge in the impedance is no longer necessary in the coupling lines, while the lines only become wider at input 1 and output 2 and the impedance changes there.
  • the cable lengths lK deviate considerably from the value ⁇ / 4, as can be seen in column IV of table A.
  • the band lock described has the advantage that a sufficiently large manufacturing accuracy can also be achieved with a relatively space-saving and simple production.

Abstract

1. Bandstop filter with line elements for short electromagnetic waves, consisting of at least two resonators, an input line and an output line, in which the individual resonators are connected to one another via coupling lines, which have an electrical length deviating from lambda /4, if lambda is the wavelength of a frequency lying in the stop range, characterized in that characteristic impedance jumps are only envisaged in the input line and in the output line and the lengths of the input-coupling and coupling line sections deviate considerably from the value (2n-1) lambda /4 (n=1, 2, ...).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bandsperre gemäß dem Oberbe­griff des Patentanspruches.The invention relates to a band stopper according to the preamble of the claim.

Bandsperren der vorgenannten Art sind dem Grundkonzept nach aus der US-PS 4 449 108 bekannt. Bei den dort be­schriebenen Bandsperren werden die Längen der Koppellei­tungsabschnitte abweichend vom Wert λ/4 gewählt, um mit dieser Maßnahme die Sperrdämpfung der Bandsperre zu ver­bessern. Es werden bei dieser Lösung jedoch wenigstens drei Sperrkreise benötigt und es ist die Ausgestaltung der Bandsperre so vorgenommen, daß am Eingang und am Aus­gang ein Sperrkreis anliegt.Band locks of the aforementioned type are known in principle from US Pat. No. 4,449,108. In the case of the band locks described there, the lengths of the coupling line sections are chosen to deviate from the value λ / 4 in order to improve the barrier damping of the band stopper with this measure. In this solution, however, at least three blocking circuits are required and the band stop is designed so that a blocking circuit is present at the input and the output.

Bekanntlich wird bei Bandsperren im allgemeinen für einen begrenzten Frequenzbereich eine möglichst hohe Sperrdämp­fung gewünscht und für einen weiteren Frequenzbereich eine möglichst geringe Durchlaßdämpfung gefordert, was gleichbedeutend mit einer hohen Echodämpfung ist, während im restlichen Frequenzbereich in der Regel keine speziel­len Anforderungen bestehen. Das Erfüllen der Echodämpfung­forderung stellt bekanntlich ein besonderes technisches Problem dar. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es auch bekannt, daß der sogenannte klassische Filterentwurf neben dem ge­wünschten Sperrbereich im restlichen Frequenzbereich einen einheitlichen Durchlaßbereich ergibt. Bei einer Realisierung der Sperrenschaltung aus Leitungselementen ergeben sich aufgrund der Leitungscharakteristik weitere Sperrbereiche bei ungeradzahligen Vielfachen der Sperr­bereichsmittenfrequenz. Zwischen den Sperrbereichen lie­gen Durchlaßbereiche mit gleich großem Dämpfungsrippel, wie dies beispielsweise aus dem Buch von Matthaei, Young, Jones "Design of Microware Filters Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures" (McGraw-Hill, New York 1964) und dort insbesondere Seite 758 bekannt ist. Die in diesem Zusammenhang bekannten Bandsperren aus Lei­tungselementen bestehen aus Sperrkreisen, die mit Kop­pelleitungen der Länge λ/4 oder ungeradzahligen Vielfa­chen davon versehen sind, wobei λ die Wellenlänge einer im Sperrbereich liegenden Frequenz ist. Wenn man solche Bandsperren aus Leitungselementen gemäß ihrem elektri­schen Ersatzschaltbild aufbaut, die Sperrkreise können auch aus konzentrierten Schaltelementen aufgebaut sein, dann ergeben sich bei einer Reihe von Syntheseverfahren, insbesondere für breitbandige Sperren Leitungsstücke mit unterschiedlichen Wellenwiderständen für die Koppeleitun­gen. Dies führt zu einer komplizierten Realisierung, weil gestufte Übertragungsleitungen verwendet werden müssen. Die Sprünge erschweren nämlich die Herstellung und die Beherrschung der Störreaktanzen.As is known, in the case of bandstop filters, as high a blocking attenuation as possible is generally desired for a limited frequency range and as low a pass-through attenuation as possible is required for a further frequency range, which is synonymous with high echo attenuation, while there are generally no special requirements in the remaining frequency range. Fulfilling the echo attenuation requirement is known to be a particular technical problem. In this context it is also known that the so-called classic filter design results in a uniform passband in addition to the desired stop band in the remaining frequency range. When the barrier circuit is implemented from line elements, further barrier regions with odd multiples of the center zone blocking frequency result due to the line characteristic. Passage areas with an equally large damping ripple lie between the restricted areas, as is known, for example, from the book by Matthaei, Young, Jones "Design of Microware Filters Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures" (McGraw-Hill, New York 1964) and there in particular page 758. The bandstops known in this connection from line elements consist of blocking circles which are provided with coupling lines of length λ / 4 or odd multiples thereof, where λ is the wavelength of a frequency lying in the stop band. If one builds up such bandstops from line elements in accordance with their electrical equivalent circuit diagram, the blocking circuits can also be constructed from concentrated switching elements, then a number of synthetic methods, in particular for broadband barriers, result in line pieces with different wave resistances for the coupling lines. This leads to a complicated implementation because stepped transmission lines have to be used. The jumps make it more difficult to manufacture and control the interference reactions.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Realisierungs­möglichkeiten von Bandsperren aus Leitungselementen anzu­geben, bei denen in den Koppelleitungsabschnitten Wellen­widerstandssprünge nicht mehr erforderlich sind. Es wird dadurch erreicht, die Echodämpfung zu optimieren.The invention is based on the object of specifying possible implementations of bandstops from line elements, in which wave resistance jumps are no longer necessary in the coupling line sections. It is thereby achieved to optimize the echo attenuation.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles wird nachstehend die Erfindung noch näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.

Es zeigen in der Zeichnung

  • Fig. 1 das elektrische Ersatzschaltbild einer Bandsperre aus Leitungselementen,
  • Fig. 2a Analysekurven für die Echodämpfung AE in Abhängig­keit von der Frequenz f zwischen 8 und 13 GHz,
  • Fig. 2b Analysekurven für die Betriebsdämpfung AE in Ab­hängigkeit von der Frequenz f zwischen 13 und 14,6 GHz,
  • Fig. 3a, 3b, 3c die Realisierung einer vierkreisigen Bandsperre aus Leitungselementen, insbesondere zeigt Fig. 3b einen Schnitt von Fig. 3a entlang der Schnittlinie A-B und weiterhin zeigt Fig. 3c einen Schnitt von Fig. 3a entlang der Schnittli­nie E-F.
It show in the drawing
  • 1 is the electrical equivalent circuit diagram of a bandstop made of line elements,
  • 2a analysis curves for the echo attenuation AE depending on the frequency f between 8 and 13 GHz,
  • 2b analysis curves for the operational damping AE depending on the frequency f between 13 and 14.6 GHz,
  • 3a, 3b, 3c the realization of a four-circle band stop from line elements, in particular FIG. 3b shows a section of FIG. 3a along the section line AB and furthermore FIG. 3c shows a section of FIG. 3a along the section line EF.

In Fig. 1 ist das allgemeine elektrische Ersatzschaltbild einer Bandsperre aus Leitungselementen dargestellt. Zwi­schen den ein- und ausgangsseitigen Abschlußwiderständen ZA liegen die einzelnen Leitungselemente. Es folgt also dem eingangsseitigen Widerstand ZA eine Leitung der Län­ge lK1 mit dem Wellenwiderstand ZK1. Nach dieser Koppel­leitung ist ein Leitungselement, z.B. in Form eines Reso­nators, mit der Leitungslänge lS1 und dem Wellenwider­stand ZS1 parallel angeschaltet. Im Verlauf der Gesamt­schaltung folgen dann in Kette nachgeschaltet weitere Koppelleitungen, wie dies auch durch die gestrichelten Linien angedeutet ist. Das letzte Blindwiderstandselement ist durch eine kurzgeschlossene Leitung der Länge lSn und des Wellenwiderstandes ZSn kenntlich gemacht, an den sich wiederum der letzte Koppelleitungsabschnitt mit der Länge lK, n+1 anschließt. Danach folgt der Abschlußwiderstand ZA.In Fig. 1, the general electrical equivalent circuit of a bandstop from line elements is shown. The individual line elements lie between the terminating resistors Z A on the input and output sides. The input-side resistance Z A is therefore followed by a line of length lK1 with the wave resistance ZK1. After this coupling line, a line element, for example in the form of a resonator, with the line length IS1 and the characteristic impedance ZS1 is connected in parallel. In the course of the overall circuit, further coupling lines then follow in the chain, as is also indicated by the dashed lines. The last reactance element is identified by a short-circuited line of length lSn and wave impedance ZSn, which in turn is followed by the last coupling line section with length lK, n + 1. This is followed by the terminating resistor Z A.

Die Berechnung solcher Schaltungen kann beispielsweise nach dem Buch von Matthaei, Young, Jonas "Design of Mi­crowaves Filters Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures" (McGraw-Hill, New York 1964) erfolgen, wobei insbesondere auf die Seiten 733 bis 737 und die Seiten 757 bis 759 verwiesen sei. Dort ist im einzelnen eine näherungsweise Berechnung mit einem schmalen Sperrbereich und eine genaue Berechnung für Filter mit breiten und schmalen Sperrbereich dargestellt. Tabelle A läßt in den Spalten I, II und III folgendes erkennen. Die Spalten I und II bringen die Werte für die Übertragungsleitung (lk1′-...) und für die Sperrkreise (lS1′-...) und die jeweiligen Wellenwiderstände ZK1′-ZK5′ der Übertragungs­leitungen und die Wellenwiderstände der Sperrkreise Zs1′-Zs4′ bei einem klassischen Entwurf für eine Echo­dämpfung AE=30dB und AE=60dB. In Spalte III sind die entsprechenden Werte zu erkennen, wenn bei der Reali­sierung der Bandsperre nur Wellenwiderstandssprünge (Zk-Sprünge) vorgenommen werden. Die Erfindung löst nun das technische Problem in der Weise, daß nur am Ein- und Ausgang einer mindestens zweikreisigen Bandsperre ein Wellenwiderstandssprung vorliegt und die Längen der Ein­koppel-und Koppelleitungsabschnitte vom Wert λ/4 erheb­lich abweicht. In bekannter Weise können auch Leitungen der Länge λ/2 zugeschaltet werden.Such circuits can be calculated, for example, according to the book by Matthaei, Young, Jonas "Design of Microwaves Filters Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures" (McGraw-Hill, New York 1964), with particular reference to pages 733 to 737 and pages 757 to 759. An approximate calculation with a narrow blocking range and an exact calculation for filters with a wide and narrow blocking range are shown there in detail. Table A shows the following in columns I, II and III. Columns I and II contain the values for the transmission line (lk1 ′ -...) and for the blocking circuits (lS1 ′ -...) and respective wave resistances ZK1'-ZK5 'of the transmission lines and the wave resistances of the blocking circuits Zs1'-Zs4' in a classic design for an echo attenuation AE = 30dB and AE = 60dB. The corresponding values can be seen in column III if only wave resistance jumps (Zk jumps) are made when the bandstop is implemented. The invention now solves the technical problem in such a way that a wave resistance jump occurs only at the input and output of an at least two-circuit bandstop and the lengths of the coupling and coupling line sections deviate considerably from the value λ / 4. Lines of length λ / 2 can also be connected in a known manner.

Für das gezeigte Beispiel ist dies in Spalte IV von Ta­belle A zu erkennen.For the example shown, this can be seen in column IV of table A.

Mit Hilfe von Analyse- bzw. Optimierungsprogrammen können der Wellenwiderstandssprung und die Längen bestimmt wer­den, bei denen sich ein gewünschter Verlauf der Echodämp­fung einstellt.With the aid of analysis or optimization programs, the jump in wave resistance and the lengths at which a desired course of the echo attenuation occurs.

Die Analysekurven in den Fig. 2a und 2b zeigen den Ge­winn an Echodämpfung und die Veränderung der Sperrdämp­fung bei einer vierkreisigen Bandsperre. Die gestrichel­ten Kurven I und II zeigen dabei den Verlauf nach dem klassischen Filterentwurf, die gepunktete Kurve III zeigt den Verlauf, wenn nur Zk-Sprünge vorgenommen werden und die ausgezogene Kurve IV zeigt, wenn nur ein Zk-Sprung vorgenommen wird, wobei die Leitungslänge Lk gestuft ist.The analysis curves in FIGS. 2a and 2b show the gain in echo attenuation and the change in the blocking attenuation with a four-circuit bandstop. The dashed curves I and II show the course according to the classic filter design, the dotted curve III shows the course if only Zk jumps are made and the solid curve IV shows if only a Zk jump is made, the line length Lk is graded.

Ein vierkreisiges Ausführungsbeispiel unter Verwendung von Leitungselementen ist in Fig. 3a, 3b und 3c ange­zeigt. Für die dargestellte Bandsperre sind wiederum die einzelnen Längen der Koppelleitungen lK1, lK2, lK3, lK2 und schließlich lK1 zu erkennen. Die Sperrkreise sind ebenso wie in der Tabelle A mit lS bezeichnet. Durch die dargestellten Schnittzeichnungen in den Fig. 3b und 3c als Schnitt A-B bzw. als Schnitt E-F ist auch die kon­struktive Ausgestaltung der Bandsperre erkennbar. In den Koppelleitungen ist ein Wellenwiderstandssprung also nicht mehr erforderlich, während nur am Eingang 1 und am Ausgang 2 die Leitungen breiter werden und dort sich also der Wellenwiderstand ändert. Die Leitungslängen lK wei­chen erheblich vom Wert λ/4 ab, wie dies in Spalte IV von Tabelle A erkennbar ist.A four-circuit embodiment using line elements is shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c. For the band stop shown, the individual lengths of the coupling lines lK1, lK2, lK3, lK2 and finally lK1 can again be seen. The blocking circles are denoted as IS in Table A. Through the 3b and 3c as section AB or as section EF, the structural design of the band stop can also be seen. A surge in the impedance is no longer necessary in the coupling lines, while the lines only become wider at input 1 and output 2 and the impedance changes there. The cable lengths lK deviate considerably from the value λ / 4, as can be seen in column IV of table A.

Die beschriebene Bandsperre hat den Vorteil, daß sich bei einer verhältnismäßig raumsparenden und einfachen Herstellung auch eine ausreichend große Fertigungsge­nauigkeit erreichen läßt.

Figure imgb0001
The band lock described has the advantage that a sufficiently large manufacturing accuracy can also be achieved with a relatively space-saving and simple production.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (1)

Bandsperre für kurze elektromagnetische Wellen mit Lei­tungselementen, bestehend aus wenigstens zwei Resonato­ren, einer Eingangs- und einer Ausgangsleitung, bei der die einzelnen Resonatoren über Koppelleitungen miteinan­der verbunden sind, die eine von λ/4 abweichende elek­trische Länge haben, wenn λ die Wellenlänge einer im Sperrbereich liegenden Frequenz ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß Wellenwiderstandssprünge nur in der Eingangs- und in der Ausgangsleitung vorgesehen sind und die Längen der Einkoppel- und Koppelleitungsabschnitte vom Wert λ/4 erheblich abweichen.Bandstop for short electromagnetic waves with line elements, consisting of at least two resonators, an input and an output line, in which the individual resonators are connected to one another via coupling lines which have an electrical length deviating from λ / 4, if λ the wavelength is one in the stop band lying frequency is
characterized in that jumps in wave resistance are provided only in the input and in the output line and the lengths of the coupling and coupling line sections deviate considerably from the value λ / 4.
EP86117196A 1985-12-13 1986-12-10 Bandstop filter with line elements for short electromagnetic waves Expired - Lifetime EP0226951B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86117196T ATE55847T1 (en) 1985-12-13 1986-12-10 SHORT ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE REMOVAL WITH CONDUCTING ELEMENTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3544171 1985-12-13
DE3544171 1985-12-13

Publications (2)

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EP0226951A1 true EP0226951A1 (en) 1987-07-01
EP0226951B1 EP0226951B1 (en) 1990-08-22

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AT (1) ATE55847T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3673622D1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2665576A1 (en) * 1990-07-31 1992-02-07 Alcatel Telspace UHF filter
US5256990A (en) * 1992-05-08 1993-10-26 Skydata, Inc. Compact, die-cast precision bandstop filter structure
US5407904A (en) * 1993-08-13 1995-04-18 Das; Satyendranath High Tc superconducting high power filters
WO2001017057A1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-03-08 Cryoelectra Gmbh High-frequency band pass filter assembly, comprising attenuation poles

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3579153A (en) * 1967-09-07 1971-05-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave filter

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3579153A (en) * 1967-09-07 1971-05-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave filter

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2665576A1 (en) * 1990-07-31 1992-02-07 Alcatel Telspace UHF filter
US5256990A (en) * 1992-05-08 1993-10-26 Skydata, Inc. Compact, die-cast precision bandstop filter structure
US5407904A (en) * 1993-08-13 1995-04-18 Das; Satyendranath High Tc superconducting high power filters
WO2001017057A1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-03-08 Cryoelectra Gmbh High-frequency band pass filter assembly, comprising attenuation poles

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EP0226951B1 (en) 1990-08-22
ATE55847T1 (en) 1990-09-15
DE3673622D1 (en) 1990-09-27

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