EP0340599B1 - Adjustable bottom slab for high buildings and method for its production - Google Patents

Adjustable bottom slab for high buildings and method for its production Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0340599B1
EP0340599B1 EP89107414A EP89107414A EP0340599B1 EP 0340599 B1 EP0340599 B1 EP 0340599B1 EP 89107414 A EP89107414 A EP 89107414A EP 89107414 A EP89107414 A EP 89107414A EP 0340599 B1 EP0340599 B1 EP 0340599B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process according
chamber walls
chambers
injection
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89107414A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0340599A1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Stürmer
Hans-Jürgen Dr.-Ing. Bösch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philipp Holzmann AG
Original Assignee
Philipp Holzmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philipp Holzmann AG filed Critical Philipp Holzmann AG
Priority to AT89107414T priority Critical patent/ATE75274T1/en
Publication of EP0340599A1 publication Critical patent/EP0340599A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0340599B1 publication Critical patent/EP0340599B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/34—Foundations for sinking or earthquake territories
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D35/00—Straightening, lifting, or lowering of foundation structures or of constructions erected on foundations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing and controlling a controllable floor slab of high-rise buildings on settlement-sensitive floors that form lamellae, such as over-consolidated clays.
  • the invention relates in particular to those foundations which take place in the tertiary, namely in over-consolidated tones, or in younger layers immediately above, such as quaternary or young fillings.
  • These overconsolidated clays represent relatively solid soils that are characterized by - almost horizontal - lamella formation or leathering.
  • An example of such an over-consolidated tone is the so-called Frankfurt tone.
  • non-controllable shallow foundations are usually designed in the form of a floor slab, which is designed according to the center of gravity of the building to be erected above it and the geology.
  • the foundation takes place in the tertiary or younger classes immediately above. Any necessary adjustments to the structure must be made by applying dead loads above the foundation, ie the floor slab, or by inserting Presses are carried out in the body shop.
  • the disadvantage is that a targeted, permanent intervention in the adjustment of the building is difficult because the dead loads applied above the foundation plate only have an indirect effect and deformations can only be tracked over a long period of time and insufficiently corrected.
  • the adjustment options in the shell above the foundation slabs are limited in time and must be abandoned in the final state. Adjustment in the shell leads to an undesirable polygon in the structure; Compensation levels and drag plates are inevitable.
  • a controllable floor slab with an adjustment option under the floor slab has been provided.
  • water cushions made of a plastic which is known under the trade name "neoprene”
  • the skyscraper could be adjusted by draining water from individual water cushions in the raw state of the skyscraper. After the settling, which had been temporarily balanced, had subsided, the water was replaced by cement milk, which then hardened to cement stone.
  • mixed foundations In order to avoid partial subsidence from the outset, so-called mixed foundations are also known, in which large bored piles are arranged below a base plate. As a result, some of the loads are diverted via the slab area and some of the loads via the piles in order to bridge inhomogeneity of the ground.
  • the necessary bored pile work under the foundation bed is cost-intensive and can extend the overall construction time. Settlements are reduced, the higher the load-bearing part of the piles, however, there is no possibility of adjustment under the plate, since the piles claw in the ground and counteract a setting of the foundation plate that is desired for adjustment.
  • the concrete cylinders support the base plate, which only rests on the individual concrete cylinders. These concrete cylinders are intended to push a base plate like a hydraulic piston upwards when injecting injection material through injection pipes into different layers of gravel within the segment. For this purpose, injection pipes have been poured into different layers of gravel during the manufacture of the concrete cover.
  • a method for producing and controlling a controllable base plate is known, according to which downwardly open chambers are produced which are closed at the top and on which a load, in particular in the form of a base plate, rests at the top (GB-A-1 304 763).
  • each chamber there is only one sleeve for the injection material, into which an injection tube opens.
  • the chambers with solid, vertical lateral chamber walls do not subdivide the entire floor plan of the floor slab to be created, but only limited sub-areas. After creating the floor slab and erecting the building, hardening grout can be injected several times into a chamber to align the building.
  • the entire floor plan of the floor slab to be created is thus sub-chambered, with several shells being placed one above the other in each chamber, into each of which an injection tube extends.
  • the normal foundation work and construction progress are minimally hampered; the construction time is short. If differentiation occurs, these are specifically compensated for by predetermined amounts of injection material into the individual chambers and preferably with controlled different pressures.
  • the necessary pressing volume is known from the subdivision with chamber walls, so that time-consuming tests and adjustment processes can be omitted here.
  • the injections can also be carried out several times if necessary. Correction processes are also possible after the end of the shell construction phase without major expenditure.
  • the injection tubes forming part of the adjustment system can consist of metals or plastics or can be designed as hoses. If they are laid straight into the chambers from above, a hardened layer of material to be injected can be drilled through them so that the material to be injected for the next adjustment reaches a deeper layer through the same injection tube.
  • the geometry of the chambers can be flexibly adapted to the different geological and static conditions.
  • the base areas of the individual chambers can e.g. be round, oval or angular.
  • the chamber walls can be flexibly selected according to the special requirements of the building, its foundation and the geological conditions. It is important, however, that the chamber walls are firm enough to withstand the injection pressure and also any cracking process that may take place before the injection, so that the chamber volume is limited laterally and the advantageous effects of the adjustment can occur.
  • hardening liquids can be selected from emulsions, solutions, suspensions, pastes and mortars made of solids or synthetic resins according to DIN 4093 and DIN 18309 depending on the requirements.
  • a mixture of bentonite and cement is preferred which obtains clay-like properties when solidifying, which can be cracked for further adjustments if necessary.
  • Clay materials that remain plastic are particularly suitable for chambers that lie below the building's pivot points. If, on the other hand, it is only a question of partially filling the volumes of the chambers with hardening material for adjustment, cement milk can be used.
  • a special hardness, which is suitable for sandy soils, can be achieved with silicates as injection material.
  • the chamber walls extend into the floor under the cleanliness layer, which can consist of sub-concrete or another separating layer and which is preferably slotted at the position of the chamber walls.
  • the chamber walls if consisting of concrete, can advantageously be produced at the same time as the cleanliness layer.
  • the base plate lies over the cleanliness layer on the chamber volumes.
  • the chamber walls extend above the cleanliness layer.
  • the lifting of the chambers occurring during the adjustment can be facilitated by a sliding layer on the chamber walls, so that correspondingly lower injection pressures are sufficient.
  • a cleanliness layer initially made of sub-concrete or as a separating layer is designated by 1.
  • Chambers for example 2, 3, with a rectangular plan are arranged under the cleanliness layer. They are laterally delimited by essentially perpendicular solid walls which extend through slots 13, 14 in the cleanliness layer and merge tightly into a base plate 18 arranged on the cleanliness layer. The base plate supports the building. Continuous walls on the outer circumference of the entire chamber arrangement are designated by 4-7, further walls for internal division by 8 and 9.
  • chamber 2 is laterally delimited by walls 4, 7, 8 and 9.
  • the chambers are open at the bottom and include bottom 10.
  • the chambers lie in the tertiary 11, while a quaternary layer 12 is located in the area above the chambers.
  • Injection tubes extend into the chamber walls from above, e.g. 15, 16, 17.
  • the injection tubes are guided downwards through the base plate 18 and the cleanliness layer 1.
  • FIG. 3 it is shown how individual injection tubes 19-21 through a base plate 22 and a separating layer 29 as injection material guides into different injection bladders 23, 24, 25, which are formed by shells for injection material, in a side bounded by walls 26, 27 Pass chamber 28 open downwards.

Abstract

In the case of an adjustable bottom slab for high buildings on soils susceptible to settlement, in particular over-consolidated clays which form laminations, at least one adjustable space is provided under the bottom slab in the soil. So that an accurate adjustment can be made within a wide adjusting range even after completion of the carcass, fixed chamber walls (4 - 9) are connected to the bottom slab (18), which chamber walls (4 - 9) extend essentially vertically below the bottom slab (18) into the soil (11, 12) and laterally define chambers (2, 3) open at the bottom. Extending into each of the chambers is at least one injection tube (15, 16) into which an injection material can be injected. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung und Steuerung einer steuerbaren Bodenplatte von Hochhäusern auf setzungsempfindlichen Böden, die Lamellen bilden, wie überkonsolidierten Tonen.The invention relates to a method for producing and controlling a controllable floor slab of high-rise buildings on settlement-sensitive floors that form lamellae, such as over-consolidated clays.

Gründungen von Hochhäusern in setzungsempfindlichen Böden erfahren partiell unterschiedliche Setzungen, die somit Schiefstellungen des Bauwerkes hervorrufen. Diese Schiefstellungen werden mit zunehmender Bauwerkshöhe problematisch, z.B. weil sie Störungen von Installationen in den Bauwerken, wie Fahrstühlen, hervorrufen können. Man hat daher bereits versucht, Gründungen mit steuerbaren Bodenplatten von Hochhäusern, mit denen solche ungleichmäßigen Setzungen vermieden bzw., wenn Sie eingetreten sind, ausgeglichen werden können, zu schaffen.Foundations of high-rise buildings in subsidence-sensitive floors experience different settlements, which thus cause the building to be misaligned. These misalignments become problematic with increasing building height, e.g. because they can cause faults in installations in buildings, such as elevators. Attempts have therefore already been made to create foundations with controllable floor slabs of high-rise buildings, with which such uneven settlement can be avoided or, if they have occurred, compensated for.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere auf solche Gründungen, die im Tertiär, und zwar in überkonsolidierten Tonen, oder in unmittelbar darüberliegenden jüngeren Schichten, wie Quartär oder jungen Auffüllungen, erfolgen. Diese überkonsolidierten Tone stellen relativ feste Böden dar, die sich durch eine - annähernd horizontale - Lamellenbildung oder Lederung auszeichnen. Ein Beispiel eines solchen überkonsolidierten Tons ist der sogenannte Frankfurter Ton.The invention relates in particular to those foundations which take place in the tertiary, namely in over-consolidated tones, or in younger layers immediately above, such as quaternary or young fillings. These overconsolidated clays represent relatively solid soils that are characterized by - almost horizontal - lamella formation or leathering. An example of such an over-consolidated tone is the so-called Frankfurt tone.

Nach dem Stand der Technik werden nicht steuerbare Flachgründungen üblicherweise in Form einer Bodenplatte ausgeführt, die entsprechend dem Lastschwerpunkt des über ihr zu errichtenden Gebäudes und der Geologie ausgebildet wird. Die Gründung erfolgt dabei im Tertiär oder unmittelbar darüberliegenden jüngeren Schichten. Notwendig werdende Justierungen des Bauwerkes müssen durch Aufbringen von Totlasten oberhalb der Gründung, d.h. der Bodenplatte oder durch die Einfügung von Pressen im Rohbau erfolgen. Nachteilig ist, daß damit ein gezielter, dauerhafter Eingriff in die Justierung des Bauwerkes nur schwer möglich ist, da sich oberhalb der Fundamentplatte aufgebrachte Totlasten nur indirekt auswirken und Verformungen nur über einen lang andauernden Zeitraum verfolgt und unzureichend korrigiert werden können. Die Justiermöglichkeiten im Rohbau oberhalb der Gründungsplatten sind zeitlich begrenzt und müssen im Endzustand aufgegeben werden. Eine Justierung im Rohbau führt zu einem unerwünschten Polygon im Bauwerk; Ausgleichsstufen und Schlepp-Platten sind unvermeidbar.According to the prior art, non-controllable shallow foundations are usually designed in the form of a floor slab, which is designed according to the center of gravity of the building to be erected above it and the geology. The foundation takes place in the tertiary or younger classes immediately above. Any necessary adjustments to the structure must be made by applying dead loads above the foundation, ie the floor slab, or by inserting Presses are carried out in the body shop. The disadvantage is that a targeted, permanent intervention in the adjustment of the building is difficult because the dead loads applied above the foundation plate only have an indirect effect and deformations can only be tracked over a long period of time and insufficiently corrected. The adjustment options in the shell above the foundation slabs are limited in time and must be abandoned in the final state. Adjustment in the shell leads to an undesirable polygon in the structure; Compensation levels and drag plates are inevitable.

In einem Fall, in dem unter dem Hochhausfundament aufgrund der Geologie unterschiedliche Setzungen zu erwarten waren, ist eine steuerbare Bodenplatte mit einer Justiermöglichkeit unter der Bodenplatte vorgesehen worden. Hierzu sind als einstellbare Volumen unter dem Fundament Wasserkissen aus einem Kunststoff, der unter dem Handelsnamen "Neopren" bekannt ist, angeordnet worden. Das Hochhaus konnte durch gezieltes Ablassen von Wasser aus einzelnen Wasserkissen im Rohzustand des Hochhauses justiert werden. Nach dem Abklingen der damit vorläufig ausgeglichenen Setzungen wurde das Wasser durch Zementmilch ersetzt, die dann zu Zementstein erhärtete. - Diese Justiermöglichkeit zwischen Gründungsplatte und Boden durch Wasserkissen, die durch flexible Wände gekennzeichnet sind, haben verschiedene Nachteile: Generell sind die Wasserkissen aus Kunststoff für den Baustellenbetrieb schlecht geeignet und werden häufig schon vor dem endgültigen Einbau undicht, wodurch das gesamte Justierungssystem gefährdet ist. Die Justierung selbst kann nur in begrenztem Umfange und nach unten erfolgen, da die maximale Höhe der Wasserkissen durch deren Geometrie begrenzt ist und die Kissen durch Ablassen von Justierflüssigkeit bzw. Wasser nur flacher eingestellt werden können. Da dabei das Verhältnis der Höhe des Kissens zu dessen Breite infolge der felxiblen Wände nicht festliegt, stellt das abgelassene Flüssigkeitsvolumen nicht immer ein lineares Maß für die Absenkung dar. Darüber hinaus eignet sich die Steuerung der Bodenplatte mit Wasserkissen nicht zu einer nachträglichen Justierung nach Austausch der Justierflüssigkeit durch Zementmilch und deren Erhärten.In a case in which different settlements were to be expected under the high-rise foundation due to the geology, a controllable floor slab with an adjustment option under the floor slab has been provided. For this purpose, water cushions made of a plastic, which is known under the trade name "neoprene", have been arranged as an adjustable volume under the foundation. The skyscraper could be adjusted by draining water from individual water cushions in the raw state of the skyscraper. After the settling, which had been temporarily balanced, had subsided, the water was replaced by cement milk, which then hardened to cement stone. - This adjustment option between the foundation plate and the floor by means of water cushions, which are characterized by flexible walls, has various disadvantages: Generally, the water cushions made of plastic are poorly suited for use on construction sites and often leak before the final installation, which endangers the entire adjustment system. The adjustment itself can only be carried out to a limited extent and downwards, since the maximum height of the water cushions is limited by their geometry and the cushions can only be adjusted more flatly by draining off adjustment liquid or water. Since the ratio of the height of the pillow to its width is not fixed due to the flexible walls, the drained volume of liquid does not always set is a linear measure of the lowering. In addition, the control of the base plate with a water cushion is not suitable for subsequent adjustment after replacing the adjustment liquid with cement milk and hardening it.

Um ein Hochhaus, welches bereits eine Schiefstellung erfahren hat, nachträglich zu justieren, ist es bereits bekannt, von der Seite unter das Hochhaus fächerartig Bohrungen vorzusehen, in welche Injektionslanzen eingeführt werden. Durch diese Injektionslanzen wird dann Injektionsgut in den Baugrund gepumpt, der damit gesteuert gehoben werden soll. Nachteilig sind für diese Steuerung der hohe Aufwand für die Vielzahl notwendiger Bohrungen und Injektionslanzen, die fächerförmig anzuordnen sind. Gleichwohl ist nach dieser Methode, die auch als Soilfractoring-Verfahren bezeichnet wird, eine partielle Hebung des Bauwerkes schlecht kontrollierbar, u.a. weil die Injektionsräume nicht begrenzt sind. Da sich das Injektionsgut unbegrenzt ausbreiten kann, ist der Injektionsgutverbrauch hoch und der Boden wird durch die Ausbreitung des Injektionsguts stark beansprucht. Durch die ungenaue Dosierung und Hebung kann das Bauwerk überbeansprucht werden.In order to subsequently adjust a skyscraper that has already been misaligned, it is already known to provide fan-like bores from the side under the skyscraper, into which injection lances are introduced. Injection material is then pumped through the injection lances into the ground, which is to be lifted in a controlled manner. The disadvantage of this control is the high outlay for the large number of necessary bores and injection lances which are to be arranged in a fan shape. Nevertheless, according to this method, which is also referred to as soil fracturing method, a partial lifting of the structure is difficult to control, including because the injection spaces are not limited. Since the injection material can spread indefinitely, the injection material consumption is high and the floor is heavily stressed by the spreading of the injection material. Due to the imprecise metering and lifting, the structure can be overstressed.

Um partielle Setzungen von vorne herein möglichst zu vermeiden, sind auch sogenannte gemischte Gründungen bekannt, bei denen unterhalb einer Bodenplatte Großbohrpfähle angeordnet sind. Dadurch wird ein Teil der Lasten über die Plattenfläche und ein Teil der Lasten über die Pfähle abgeleitet, um Baugrundinhomogenitäten zu überbrücken. Die dazu notwendigen Bohrpfahlarbeiten unter der Gründungssohle sind jedoch kostenintensiv und können die Bauzeit insgesamt verlängern. Die Setzungen werden zwar reduziert, und zwar je höher der Lasttragungsteil der Pfähle ist, jedoch besteht keine Justiermöglichkeit unter der Platte, da sich die Pfähle im Boden verkrallen und einer zur Justierung erwünschten Einstellung der Gründungsplatte entgegenwirken.In order to avoid partial subsidence from the outset, so-called mixed foundations are also known, in which large bored piles are arranged below a base plate. As a result, some of the loads are diverted via the slab area and some of the loads via the piles in order to bridge inhomogeneity of the ground. The necessary bored pile work under the foundation bed is cost-intensive and can extend the overall construction time. Settlements are reduced, the higher the load-bearing part of the piles, however, there is no possibility of adjustment under the plate, since the piles claw in the ground and counteract a setting of the foundation plate that is desired for adjustment.

Bei einem bekannten Verfahren zur örtlichen Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit von lockerem Boden, insbesondere bei der Durchführung von Gründungsarbeiten für die Aufnahme schwerer Lasten, war es bereits bekannt, an beiden Enden offene Tübbings in den Boden senkrecht einzutreiben, um vorbestimmte Bodenvolumen von dem umgebenden Boden abzugrenzen (DE-A-2 639 792). Dabei soll das von den Tübbings umschlossene Bodenvolumen möglichst weitgehend komprimiert werden. Um im Falle von Sackungen, die trotz der Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit des lockeren Bodens eintreten, das richtige Höhenniveau der Last wiederherzustellen, wird in die durch die Tübbings gebildeten Kammern Material eingebracht, welches Verteilungskanäle für eine Einspritzmasse bildet. Nach Einbringen dieses Materials, insbesondere Kies, wird der Tübbing oben mit einem eingesetzten Betonzylinder abgeschlossen. Die Betonzylinder stützen die Bodenplatte ab, die nur auf den einzelnen Betonzylindern aufliegt. Diese Betonzylinder sollen beim Einspritzen von Injektionsmasse durch Injektionsrohre in verschiedene Kiesschichten innerhalb des Tübbings eine Bodenplatte nach Art eines Hydraulikkolbens nach oben drücken. Hierzu sind Injektionsrohre in verschiedene Kiesschichten mündend bei der Herstellung des Betondeckels in diesen eingegossen worden.In a known method for locally increasing the load-bearing capacity of loose soil, in particular when carrying out foundation work for the absorption of heavy loads, it was already known to vertically drive open segments at both ends into the soil in order to delimit predetermined soil volumes from the surrounding soil ( DE-A-2 639 792). The floor volume enclosed by the tubbings should be compressed as much as possible. In order to restore the correct height level of the load in the case of sacks that occur despite the increase in the load-bearing capacity of the loose soil, material is introduced into the chambers formed by the tubbings, which forms distribution channels for an injection compound. After the introduction of this material, especially gravel, the tubbing is completed at the top with an inserted concrete cylinder. The concrete cylinders support the base plate, which only rests on the individual concrete cylinders. These concrete cylinders are intended to push a base plate like a hydraulic piston upwards when injecting injection material through injection pipes into different layers of gravel within the segment. For this purpose, injection pipes have been poured into different layers of gravel during the manufacture of the concrete cover.

Weiterhin ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung und Steuerung einer steuerbaren Bodenplatte bekannt, nach dem nach unten offene Kammern hergestellt werden, die oben abgeschlossen sind und auf denen oben eine Last, insbesondere in Form einer Bodenplatte, aufliegt (GB-A-1 304 763). In je eine Kammer ist nur eine Hülle für das Injektionsgut eingelegt, in welche ein Injektionsrohr mündet. Die Kammern mit festen, vertikalen seitlichen Kammerwänden unterkammern dabei nicht die gesamte Grundrißfläche der zu erstellenden Bodenplatte, sondern nur begrenzte Teilbereiche. Nach Erstellen der Bodenplatte und Errichten des Gebäudes kann erhärtendes Injektionsgut mehrfach in eine Kammer injiziert werden, um das Gebäude auszurichten.Furthermore, a method for producing and controlling a controllable base plate is known, according to which downwardly open chambers are produced which are closed at the top and on which a load, in particular in the form of a base plate, rests at the top (GB-A-1 304 763). In each chamber there is only one sleeve for the injection material, into which an injection tube opens. The chambers with solid, vertical lateral chamber walls do not subdivide the entire floor plan of the floor slab to be created, but only limited sub-areas. After creating the floor slab and erecting the building, hardening grout can be injected several times into a chamber to align the building.

Die wiederholte Injektion erfolgt dabei immer an der gleichen Stelle in der Kammer bzw. in der einen Hülle. Das darin erhärtete Injektionsgut wird vor einer erneuten Höhenjustierung durch Wärmeeinwirkung wieder verflüssigt.The repeated injection always takes place at the same place in the chamber or in one shell. The injection material hardened in it is liquefied again by the action of heat before a new height adjustment.

Eine Unterkammerung eines gesamten Grundrißbereichs gehört zum Stand der Technik nach einem anderen bekannten Verfahren mit einem System untereinander verbundener vertikaler Wände, die zum Unterfangen eines Gebäudes ausgelegt sind (DE-A-2 025 449). Das System untereinander verbundener vertikaler Wände dient zur Aufnahme losen Materials, welches nach einer Höhenausrichtung des Wandsystems in einer gewünschten Stellung vertikale und seitliche Abstützungen für das Wandsystem bildet. Dieses lose Material stellt jedoch kein Injektionsgut dar, welches selbst zur Durchführung der Justierung dient. Vielmehr soll es nur ein Ausbeulen und Abknicken der Wände des Wandsystems reduzieren. Es ist daher nicht ersichtlich, wie durch vollständige Unterkammerung der Grundrißfläche einer Bodenplatte der Justierbereich bei Injizieren eines Injektionsguts vergrößert werden kann, insbesondere wenn eine Mehrfachinjektion mit erhärtendem Injektionsgut durchgeführt werden soll.Subdivision of an entire floor plan area is part of the prior art according to another known method with a system of interconnected vertical walls designed to undertake a building (DE-A-2 025 449). The system of interconnected vertical walls is used to hold loose material, which forms a vertical and lateral support for the wall system after a vertical alignment of the wall system in a desired position. However, this loose material is not an injection material that itself serves to carry out the adjustment. Rather, it should only reduce bulging and buckling of the walls of the wall system. It is therefore not evident how the entire area of a floor slab can be subdivided, so that the adjustment area when injecting an injection material can be enlarged, in particular if a multiple injection with hardening injection material is to be carried out.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einfach realisierbares Verfahren für eine genaue, gezielte Justierung mit einer steuerbaren, unterkammerten Bodenplatte in einem großen Justierbereich zu schaffen, das sich zur Mehrfachinjektion mit erhärtendem Injektionsgut eignet und bei dessen Anwendung der Boden nicht überbeansprucht wird. In dieser Weise sollen auch partielle Setzungen nachträglich als Nachjustierung ausgeglichen werden können.The invention has for its object to provide an easy to implement method for accurate, targeted adjustment with a controllable, sub-chambered base plate in a large adjustment area, which is suitable for multiple injection with hardening grout and the use of which does not overstress the floor. In this way, partial settlements should also be able to be subsequently compensated for as readjustments.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Verfahrensschritten gelöst.This object is achieved by a method with the method steps specified in claim 1.

Es wird somit die gesamte Grundrißfläche der zu erstellenden Bodenplatte unterkammert, wobei in jeder Kammer übereinander mehrere Hüllen eingelegt werden, in die je ein Injektionsrohr hineinreicht.The entire floor plan of the floor slab to be created is thus sub-chambered, with several shells being placed one above the other in each chamber, into each of which an injection tube extends.

Zu der Vorgabe von Hohlraumschichten werden also bereits bei der Herstellung der Kammern in diesen Hüllen für das Injektionsgut eingelegt, in welche jeweils ein Injektionsrohr mündet. Dadurch kann auf Crackvorgänge weitgehend verzichtet werden. Es reichen dabei in eine Kammer jeweils mehrere Injektionsrohre hinein, deren Öffnungen in unterschiedlicher Höhe liegen Die Öffnungen sind also in unterschiedlichen Schichten in den Boden in der Kammer gestaffelt. Diese Anordnung eignet sich besonders für mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Justiervorgänge, wobei jeweils in der Zwischenzeit das zur Justierung injizierte Gut hart werden kann. Bei jedem Justiervorgang wird ein Hohlraum in einer anderen Schicht bzw. Lamelle des Bodens gebildet.In the manufacture of the chambers in these shells for the material to be injected, cavity layers are thus specified inserted into each of which an injection tube opens. As a result, cracking processes can largely be dispensed with. In each case, several injection tubes extend into one chamber, the openings of which are at different heights. The openings are therefore staggered in different layers in the bottom of the chamber. This arrangement is particularly suitable for several successive adjustment processes, the material injected for adjustment in the meantime becoming hard in the meantime. With each adjustment process, a cavity is formed in a different layer or lamella of the floor.

Bei diesem Herstellungsverfahren werden die normalen Gründungsarbeiten und der Baufortschritt minimal behindert; die Bauzeit ist kurz. Wenn Differenzsetzungen auftreten, werden diese gezielt durch vorgegebene Mengen Injektionsguts in die einzelnen Kammern und bevorzugt mit gesteuerten verschiedenen Drücken ausgeglichen. Das notwendige Verpreßvolumen ist durch die Unterteilung mit Kammerwänden bekannt, so daß hier zeitaufwendige Versuche und Einstellvorgänge entfallen können. Die Injektionen können je nach Notwendigkeit auch mehrfach erfolgen. Korrekturvorgänge sind auch nach dem Ende der Rohbauzeit ohne große Aufwendungen möglich.In this manufacturing process, the normal foundation work and construction progress are minimally hampered; the construction time is short. If differentiation occurs, these are specifically compensated for by predetermined amounts of injection material into the individual chambers and preferably with controlled different pressures. The necessary pressing volume is known from the subdivision with chamber walls, so that time-consuming tests and adjustment processes can be omitted here. The injections can also be carried out several times if necessary. Correction processes are also possible after the end of the shell construction phase without major expenditure.

Die einen Teil des Justiersystems bildenden Injektionsrohre können aus Metallen oder Kunststoffen bestehen oder als Schläuche ausgeführt sein. Werden sie gerade, von oben in die Kammern hineinreichend verlegt, so kann durch sie hindurch eine erhärtete Injektionsgutschicht durchbohrt werden, damit das für die nächste Justierung eingeführte Injektionsgut eine tiefere Schicht durch dasselbe Injektionsrohr erreicht.The injection tubes forming part of the adjustment system can consist of metals or plastics or can be designed as hoses. If they are laid straight into the chambers from above, a hardened layer of material to be injected can be drilled through them so that the material to be injected for the next adjustment reaches a deeper layer through the same injection tube.

Bei der Mehrfachinjektion in verschiedenen Schichten ist vorteilhaft, daß weitgehend voneinander unabhängige Hohlräume zur Aufnahme des Injektionsguts durch den Lamellen bildenden Boden, insbesondere überkonsolidierten Ton, bereitgestellt werden.In the case of multiple injection in different layers, it is advantageous that largely independent cavities for receiving the injection material through the lamella-forming bottom, in particular over-consolidated clay, are provided.

Die Geometrie der Kammern kann flexibel an die unterschiedlichen geologischen und statischen Gegebenheiten angepaßt werden. So können die Grundflächen der einzelnen Kammern z.B. rund, oval oder eckig sein. Die Kammerwände können nach den speziellen Erfordernissen des Bauwerks, dessen Gründung und den geologischen Gegebenheiten flexibel ausgewählt werden. Wichtig ist jedoch, daß die Kammerwände fest genug sind, um dem Injektionsdruck und auch einem gegebenenfalls vor der Injektion stattfindenden Crackvorgang standzuhalten, damit das Kammervolumen seitlich begrenzt ist und die vorteilhaften Wirkungen der Justierung eintreten können.The geometry of the chambers can be flexibly adapted to the different geological and static conditions. The base areas of the individual chambers can e.g. be round, oval or angular. The chamber walls can be flexibly selected according to the special requirements of the building, its foundation and the geological conditions. It is important, however, that the chamber walls are firm enough to withstand the injection pressure and also any cracking process that may take place before the injection, so that the chamber volume is limited laterally and the advantageous effects of the adjustment can occur.

An das Injektionsgut werden keine außergewöhnlichen Anforderungen gestellt, hier können aushärtende Flüssigkeiten je nach den Anforderungen aus Emulsionen, Lösungen, Suspensionen, Pasten und Mörtel aus Feststoffen oder Kunstharzen gemäß DIN 4093 und DIN 18309 ausgewählt werden. Bevorzugt ist eine Mischung aus Bentonit und Zement, welche beim Verfestigen tonähnliche Eigenschaften erhält, der notwendigenfalls für weitere Justierungen gecrackt werden kann. Plastisch bleibende Tonmaterialien eignen sich vor allem für Kammern, die unter zu bildenden Drehpunkten des Bauwerks liegen. Wenn es hingegen nur darum geht, die Volumina der Kammern teilweise zur Justierung mit hart werdendem Material zu füllen, kann Zementmilch verwendet werden. Eine besondere Härte, die sich für Sandböden eignet, kann mit Silikaten als Injektionsgut erreicht werden.No exceptional requirements are placed on the injection material, here hardening liquids can be selected from emulsions, solutions, suspensions, pastes and mortars made of solids or synthetic resins according to DIN 4093 and DIN 18309 depending on the requirements. A mixture of bentonite and cement is preferred which obtains clay-like properties when solidifying, which can be cracked for further adjustments if necessary. Clay materials that remain plastic are particularly suitable for chambers that lie below the building's pivot points. If, on the other hand, it is only a question of partially filling the volumes of the chambers with hardening material for adjustment, cement milk can be used. A special hardness, which is suitable for sandy soils, can be achieved with silicates as injection material.

Die einzelnen voneinander unabhängigen Hohlräume in einer Kammer können in dem Lamellen bildenden Boden dadurch realisiert werden, daß vor der Injektion jeweils eine Höhenschicht in der Kammer aufgebrochen wird.The individual cavities in a chamber, which are independent of one another, can thereby be realized in the lamella-forming bottom be that a height layer is broken up in the chamber before the injection.

Die Kammerwände reichen unter der Sauberkeitsschicht, die aus Unterbeton oder einer sonstigen Trennlage bestehen kann und welche an der Position der Kammerwände bevorzugt geschlitzt ist, in den Boden hinein. Die Kammerwände können, wenn aus Beton bestehend, dabei vorteilhaft zugleich mit der Sauberkeitsschicht hergestellt werden. Die Grundplatte liegt in diesem Fall über der Sauberkeitsschicht auf den Kammervolumina auf. Es sind aber auch andere Ausführungsformen denkbar, in denen sich die Kammerwände oberhalb der Sauberkeitsschicht erstrecken.The chamber walls extend into the floor under the cleanliness layer, which can consist of sub-concrete or another separating layer and which is preferably slotted at the position of the chamber walls. The chamber walls, if consisting of concrete, can advantageously be produced at the same time as the cleanliness layer. In this case, the base plate lies over the cleanliness layer on the chamber volumes. However, other embodiments are also conceivable in which the chamber walls extend above the cleanliness layer.

Bevorzugt sind die Injektionsrohre von oben durch die Bodenplatte und die Sauberkeitsschicht in die Kammern eingeführt. In einer Alternative, die zwar in der Regel längere Injektionsrohre, jedoch keine Durchbrechung der Bodenplatte und gegebenenfallls der Sauberkeitsschicht voraussetzt, können die Injektionsrohre auch von unten seitlich in die Kammern eingeführt werden.The injection tubes are preferably introduced into the chambers from above through the base plate and the cleanliness layer. In an alternative which, as a rule, requires longer injection tubes, but does not require an opening in the base plate and possibly the cleansing layer, the injection tubes can also be inserted laterally into the chambers from below.

Das bei der Justierung eintretende Heben der Kammern kann durch eine Gleitschicht an den Kammerwänden erleichtert werden, so daß entsprechend geringere Injektionsdrücke ausreichen.The lifting of the chambers occurring during the adjustment can be facilitated by a sliding layer on the chamber walls, so that correspondingly lower injection pressures are sufficient.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung mit vier Figuren erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1a einen vertikalen Schnitt duch eine Ausführungsform der steuerbaren Bodenplatte mit den zur Steuerung vorgesehenen Kammern,
  • Fig. 1b ein zugehöriges Bodenprofil als Beispiel,
  • Fig. 2 eine Unteransicht auf die Kammern (Grundriß) und
  • Fig. 3 einen senkrechten Schnitt durch eine alternative Ausführungsform einer Kammer.
The invention is explained below with reference to a drawing with four figures. Show it:
  • 1a is a vertical section through an embodiment of the controllable base plate with the chambers provided for control,
  • 1b an associated floor profile as an example,
  • Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the chambers (floor plan) and
  • Fig. 3 shows a vertical section through an alternative embodiment of a chamber.

In Fig. 1 ist eine zunächst aus Unterbeton oder als Trennlage hergestellte Sauberkeitsschicht mit 1 bezeichnet. Unter der Sauberkeitsschicht sind Kammern, beispielsweise 2, 3, mit rechteckförmigem Grundriß angeordnet. Sie sind seitlich von im wesentlichen lotrechten festen Wänden begrenzt, die oben durch Schlitze 13, 14 in der Sauberkeitsschicht hindurchreichen und in eine auf der Sauberkeitsschicht angeordnete Bodenplatte 18 dicht übergehen. Die Bodenplatte trägt das Bauwerk. Durchgehende Wände an dem Außenumfang der gesamten Kammeranordnung sind mit 4 - 7 bezeichnet, weitere Wände zur inneren Unterteilung mit 8 und 9. So ist die Kammer 2 beispielsweise von den Wänden 4, 7, 8 und 9 seitlich begrenzt. Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 1a ersichtlich ist, sind die Kammern nach unten offen und schließen Boden 10 ein. Wie aus Fig. 1b hervorgeht, liegen die Kammern im Tertiär 11, während sich eine Quartärschicht 12 in dem Bereich oberhalb der Kammern befindet.In Fig. 1, a cleanliness layer initially made of sub-concrete or as a separating layer is designated by 1. Chambers, for example 2, 3, with a rectangular plan are arranged under the cleanliness layer. They are laterally delimited by essentially perpendicular solid walls which extend through slots 13, 14 in the cleanliness layer and merge tightly into a base plate 18 arranged on the cleanliness layer. The base plate supports the building. Continuous walls on the outer circumference of the entire chamber arrangement are designated by 4-7, further walls for internal division by 8 and 9. For example, chamber 2 is laterally delimited by walls 4, 7, 8 and 9. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1 a, the chambers are open at the bottom and include bottom 10. As can be seen from FIG. 1b, the chambers lie in the tertiary 11, while a quaternary layer 12 is located in the area above the chambers.

Von oben reichen in die Kammerwände Injektionsrohre hinein, z.B. 15, 16, 17. Die Injektionsrohre sind durch die Bodenplatte 18 und die Sauberkeitsschicht 1 nach unten geführt.Injection tubes extend into the chamber walls from above, e.g. 15, 16, 17. The injection tubes are guided downwards through the base plate 18 and the cleanliness layer 1.

In Fig. 3 ist dargestellt, wie einzelne Injektionsrohre 19 - 21 durch eine Bodenplatte 22 und eine Trennlage 29 als Injektionsgutführungen in verschiedene Injektionsblasen 23, 24, 25, die durch Hüllen für Injektionsgut gebildet werden, in eine durch Wände 26, 27 seitlich fest begrenzte, nach unten offene Kammer 28 hineinreichen.In Fig. 3 it is shown how individual injection tubes 19-21 through a base plate 22 and a separating layer 29 as injection material guides into different injection bladders 23, 24, 25, which are formed by shells for injection material, in a side bounded by walls 26, 27 Pass chamber 28 open downwards.

Claims (14)

1. Process for producing and controlling an adjustable foundation plate (22) for high-rise buildings on soils which are susceptible to settlements and which form strata, such as compacted clays, involving the following steps:
Excavation of a foundation trench in the soil, in which chambers (28) are to be formed,
Introduction of casings (23,24,25) over each other for the injection material in the area, in each case, of a chamber (28) to be formed so that, in each case, an injection pipe (19,20,21) opens out into each casing,
Formation of a sub-layer (separating layer), which is located between the soil and a foundation plate to be provided,
From the level of the separating layer, the formation of chambers (28) which are open in the downward direction and which are located below the complete plan view area of the foundation plate (22) to be formed, with fixed, substantially vertical lateral chamber walls (26,27), which border on each other directly,
Closing of the chambers in the upward direction with the foundation plate (22),
After the formation of the foundation plate (22) and construction of the shell of the high-rise building, multiple injection of pre-determined quantities of a hardening injection material according to differential settlements in, in each case, a stratum (soil layer) of selected chambers.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the injections into the individual chambers (28) are carried out so that they are controlled with different pressures.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that before the injection, in each case, a layer in the chamber is broken up.
4. Process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sub-layer (29) is separated at the position (13,14) of the chamber walls (26,27).
5. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injection pipes (19,20,21) are introduced from above through the foundation plate (22) and, where applicable, the sub-layer (29) into the chambers (2,3).
6. Process according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the injection pipes (19,20,21) are introduced into the chambers (28) from below at the side.
7. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber walls (26,27) are made of site concrete.
8. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that precast concrete parts are used as chamber walls (26,27).
9. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber walls (26,27) are constructed as a subterraneous curtain.
10. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber walls (26,27) are constructed as an overlapping pile wall.
11. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber walls (26,27) are made of steel plates.
12. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber walls (26,27) are composed of steel sections.
13. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber walls (26,27) are made of wood.
14. Process according to one of claims 1 or 7 to 13, characterized in that the chamber walls (26,27) are provided with a separating layer.
EP89107414A 1988-05-02 1989-04-25 Adjustable bottom slab for high buildings and method for its production Expired - Lifetime EP0340599B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89107414T ATE75274T1 (en) 1988-05-02 1989-04-25 CONTROLLABLE FLOOR PANEL OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS, AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3814885 1988-05-02
DE3814885A DE3814885A1 (en) 1988-05-02 1988-05-02 CONTROLLABLE FLOOR PANEL OF HIGH-RISE HOUSES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0340599A1 EP0340599A1 (en) 1989-11-08
EP0340599B1 true EP0340599B1 (en) 1992-04-22

Family

ID=6353409

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89107414A Expired - Lifetime EP0340599B1 (en) 1988-05-02 1989-04-25 Adjustable bottom slab for high buildings and method for its production

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0340599B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE75274T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3814885A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2252988B (en) * 1991-02-12 1995-01-18 Robert Michael Sloma Building method and apparatus
NL1010212C2 (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-03-30 Pieter Faber System for leveling subsided concrete raft used as building foundation, involves multiple injection points to force hardening material below areas which are lower than others
CN101798822B (en) * 2010-03-09 2012-02-22 三一电气有限责任公司 Sinking or floating control method and device of multi-chamber barrel-shaped base

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD84153A (en) *
DE836473C (en) * 1950-12-20 1952-04-15 Hans Lorenz Dr Ing Procedure for avoiding or largely reducing the stress on basic structures when strains and pressures occur in the subsoil in subsidence areas
SE338950B (en) * 1969-05-28 1971-09-20 K Algers
FR2056196A5 (en) * 1969-06-09 1971-05-14 Ty Lok Assembly Systems
DE2136645A1 (en) * 1971-07-22 1973-02-01 Horst Dipl Ing Meissner METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INFLUENCING THE SOLID PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AT BUILDINGS
DE2334735A1 (en) * 1973-07-09 1975-01-30 Guenther Dipl Ing Buch Aligning weight of building in relation to foundation - making use of cavity left under edge region of foundation body
CH590370A5 (en) * 1975-04-01 1977-08-15 Stump Bohr Ag Foundation post prodn. process - using injection of freshly mixed concrete material under pressure into hardening on site concrete
DE2639792A1 (en) * 1976-09-03 1978-03-09 Anderson Ind Ab Paul Increased bearing strength device for porous ground - includes driving open-ended linings into soil to reduce lateral movement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3814885C2 (en) 1992-07-02
DE3814885A1 (en) 1989-11-16
ATE75274T1 (en) 1992-05-15
DE58901221D1 (en) 1992-05-27
EP0340599A1 (en) 1989-11-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE3214243A1 (en) Method of producing a secant wall of concrete piles, and secant wall produced according to the method
DE4224042A1 (en) Method and device for pile foundation
DE4100137C2 (en) Sealing wall with piles placed at mutual distances from one another and with rigid sealing wall elements inserted between the piles, and methods for their production
EP0340599B1 (en) Adjustable bottom slab for high buildings and method for its production
WO1997007295A1 (en) Building underpinning process
DE69938438T2 (en) A CONCRETE ELEMENTS AND PILLAR METHOD EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE
EP1081290A2 (en) Apparatus and method for producing bearing columns sunk in the ground
EP1033446A1 (en) Method of erection of a foundation structure in a water flooded excavation
DE102005008679A1 (en) Pile driving by head-, internal-, or vibration driving of pile tube, employs double-walled pile tube with filling of sand in annulus between walls
EP1108818B1 (en) Active foundation
DE2639792A1 (en) Increased bearing strength device for porous ground - includes driving open-ended linings into soil to reduce lateral movement
DE3432706C2 (en)
EP1273713B1 (en) Method for constructing material columns to improve soil consolidation
DE102015106864A1 (en) Road construction and road construction equipment
DE102005013994B4 (en) Device for the concentrated introduction of force into unreinforced diaphragm walls in the ground
DE102021116487B3 (en) Geotextile covered liquid soil columns
EP3656926B1 (en) Method for stabilizing and lifting building structures
AT519819B1 (en) METHOD FOR SUBSEQUENT SOIL CONSOLIDATION
DE873529C (en) Procedure to increase the stability of all types of foundation structures
DE893469C (en) Process for the production of in-situ concrete piles
EP0791110A1 (en) Process and device for laying deep foundations
EP4095318A1 (en) Method for producing a support structure
AT388406B (en) Pile foundation structure and apparatus and concreting tank for producing the same
DE4104045A1 (en) Earth embankment retaining wall - is constructed from alternate layers of anchor elements and compacted soil
CH720069A2 (en) Method for producing a support body anchored in a subsoil using micropiles.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19891121

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT NL

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19900308

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 75274

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19920515

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BUGNION S.P.A.

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 58901221

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19920527

ET Fr: translation filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19990325

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19990408

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19990412

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19990414

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19990429

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000425

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000425

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000430

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: PHILIPP HOLZMANN A.G.

Effective date: 20000430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20001101

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20001109

Year of fee payment: 12

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20000425

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20001229

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20001101

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050425