EP0340087B1 - Apparat für die Zentrifugaltrennung, versehen mit einer Anlage zum Zurückhalten der dichten Phase - Google Patents

Apparat für die Zentrifugaltrennung, versehen mit einer Anlage zum Zurückhalten der dichten Phase Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0340087B1
EP0340087B1 EP89401132A EP89401132A EP0340087B1 EP 0340087 B1 EP0340087 B1 EP 0340087B1 EP 89401132 A EP89401132 A EP 89401132A EP 89401132 A EP89401132 A EP 89401132A EP 0340087 B1 EP0340087 B1 EP 0340087B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
rotor
sheath
phase
heavy phase
mixture
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EP89401132A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0340087A1 (de
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Pierre Laurent Saget
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/12—Centrifuges in which rotors other than bowls generate centrifugal effects in stationary containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/12—Centrifuges in which rotors other than bowls generate centrifugal effects in stationary containers
    • B04B2005/125—Centrifuges in which rotors other than bowls generate centrifugal effects in stationary containers the rotors comprising separating walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a centrifugal separation device equipped with a device making it possible to trap the heavy phase as it reaches the periphery without opposing the fact that the light phase at this point returns to the center.
  • the treatment rotor may comprise, downstream, a rotary rectifier and, alternatively, upstream, a rotary distributor.
  • the centrifugal separation device of the aforementioned counter-current type is described in the French patent. n ° 2.576.526.
  • an inner wall is provided under the rotor channeling the mixture to be treated towards it.
  • the inner wall is spaced from the outer wall of the enclosure to define a chimney channeling the leakage flow of the light phase.
  • the heavy phase separated by the rotor is trapped at the periphery of the rotor by a stack of frustoconical deflectors. The heavy phase thus trapped travels towards the periphery and precipitates against the wall of the enclosure along which it descends by borrowing a narrowing of the chimney in which the leakage of light phase flows.
  • the leakage flow of the light phase is not similar to the flow of the mixture in the rotor and practically does not force the heavy phase to descend faster than by gravity. Consequently, the heavy phase is well trapped, but it does not escape easily and tends to re-mix.
  • the object of the invention is always as in the prior art, to achieve an optimal flow rate of separated light phase with the lowest possible rate of residual heavy phase entrained.
  • the object of the invention is to trap the heavy phase at the periphery during centrifugation and to keep it trapped until it is removed; it aims concomitantly for certain cases to recycle the light phase of the concentrated mixture in order to integrate into the centrifugal separation apparatus of the initial mixture to be treated, the separation of the heavy phase from the concentrated mixture.
  • the selective transfer barrier (s) are arranged, if the flow direction of the leak is considered, downstream of the rotor on one of the walls of the sheath and connected, if we consider the direction of flow of the mixture, upstream of the rotor on the inner wall of said sheath so that the light phase of the leakage flow can be recycled in the flow of the mixture and is thus constantly renewed without the heavy phase being able to return to the mixture.
  • the or each selective barrier or transfer grid is formed by a plurality of fixed longitudinal flaps whose inner and outer edges define fictitious cylindrical envelopes concentric with the rotor, each flap extending , if we consider in a plane perpendicular to said rotor the direction of rotation thereof, from the rear interior to the front exterior.
  • the selective transfer barrier can cooperate with a device for coalescing the liquid mist constituting the separate heavy phase, this coalescing device can be constituted by descending elements located between the two walls of the sheath.
  • the invention provides different embodiments of the means of forced circulation of the peripheral leak.
  • the means of forced circulation comprises fixed blades integral with the head of the fixed enclosure in order to form a marginal centrifugal fan, these blades being inclined, if we consider the direction of rotation of the rotor, from the rear center to the front periphery, the fan then forcing said light phase flow charged with the separated heavy phase, downstream of this leakage flow.
  • the means of forced circulation comprises at least one nozzle connected to a light phase source, such as the discharge of the means causing in this apparatus the pressure drop, opening in upstream of the above-mentioned fixed blades if we consider the peripheral leakage flow and extending substantially in the direction of the neighboring blade or blades.
  • the means of forced circulation comprises at least one nozzle connected to a light phase source, such as the discharge of the means causing in this apparatus the pressure drop, opening at the head of the sheath and extending tangentially in the direction of rotation of the rotor.
  • the means of forced circulation comprises at least one nozzle connected to a light phase source, such as the discharge of the means generating in this device the pressure drop, emerging between the rotor and the sheath substantially at the level of the first disc of the rotor disposed upstream of the peripheral leakage flow and extending obliquely substantially in the direction of the flap or flaps neighboring the collection grid.
  • a light phase source such as the discharge of the means generating in this device the pressure drop, emerging between the rotor and the sheath substantially at the level of the first disc of the rotor disposed upstream of the peripheral leakage flow and extending obliquely substantially in the direction of the flap or flaps neighboring the collection grid.
  • centrifugal apparatus applying the device for trapping the heavy phase according to the invention can be envisaged.
  • the improved device according to the invention is applicable in particular to one or the other of the centrifugal apparatuses described in what follows with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the counter-current separating device illustrated in FIG. 1 is the subject of French patent 2 468 410. It comprises a fixed enclosure 1 in which is rotatably mounted a centrifugation rotor 2 constituted by discs 3 wedged on a driving shaft 4, these discs can be flat or conical.
  • the enclosure 1 surrounds, under the rotor 2, a coaxial supply sleeve 5, through which the mixture to be treated flows in the direction of the arrow F. It is surmounted, above said rotor 2, by the casing 6 of a fan 7 fixed on the shaft 4, casing in the form of a scroll, the tangential tubing of output 8 is intended to be connected with the purified light phase circuit.
  • the discs 3 of the rotor 2 delimit openings 11 separated by solid parts 12 having protruding edges 13, called upstream rear edges if we consider the direction T of rotation and the direction F of axial flow, as well as flanges 14 (FIG. 5), called flanges before downstream relative to the same directions.
  • the discs are spaced apart and generally angularly offset from one another, so as to determine the slope of the helical flow of live veins of the mixture through the openings.
  • This helical flow of the live veins at a tangential speed greater than that of the rotor is due to the upstream pressure drop generated by the fan 7 and to the transformation of this by the distributor 10 or at least the first disc 3 which fills it the function, in a helical speed.
  • These living veins flow faster than dead blades of the mixture which separate them and which are trapped in the rotor by the solid parts 12 and their edges 13, 14.
  • the heavy phase migrates under the action of the centrifugal field towards the periphery and precipitates against the wall of the enclosure 1 of where it travels against the current along it (i.e. upstream) while being supported by a light phase leakage current in the direction of arrow G.
  • the cross-current separating apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2 is the subject of French patent 2,575,676. It comprises, like the previous one, a fixed enclosure 1 in which is mounted rotating a centrifugation rotor 2 with perforated discs 3, planar or conical .
  • the mixture to be treated flows through the rotor 2 ( Figure 2) from top to bottom along the same helical path as in the device described with reference to Figure 1.
  • the axial component of this flow is directed in the direction of arrow F ′ which is the same as that of arrow G defining the axial component of the helical flow of the light phase leak loaded with the heavy phase which is located in a peripheral chamber 25 formed in the enclosure 1 around said rotor to a cyclonic convergent 26.
  • the flows of the mixture, of the purified light phase and of the separated and fluidized heavy phase are therefore equicurrent, which limits the risks of remixing.
  • the purified light phase flows through the barrel 17 and the transit chamber 21 in the axial direction F opposite to that of the arrow F ′ to be evacuated by the pipe 8 of the fan, the return of the helical flow in the direction reverse axial being channeled by pants 27 fixed in the enclosure under the rotor.
  • the centrifugation apparatus - whether that of FIG. 1 or that of FIG. 2 - comprises under the rotor 2 a sheath with concentric walls 28 and 29.
  • the outer wall 28 is surmounted by the enclosure 1 and the inner wall 29 by a collecting grid 30 located opposite the rotor 2.
  • This grid is constituted by a plurality of fixed flaps 31 (FIG. 4) whose edges interior 32 define a fictitious cylindrical envelope 33 very close (apart from operating clearance) to the discs 3 of the rotor 2 and whose outer edges 34 define a fictitious cylindrical envelope 35 concentric with the previous one and relatively distant from the enclosure 1.
  • the flaps 31 have an angle of incidence "a" relative to the tangent and this incidence is oriented so that the outer edge 34 of each blade is located in front from the inner edge 32 of said blade if one refers to the direction of rotation T of the rotor 2 and consequently of the helical flow of the light phase leak loaded with heavy phase through the corresponding slot 36.
  • the flaps 11 are curved so that their concavity is oriented towards the center. Indeed, this curvature allows the trailing threads to be brought back on circular trajectories in a chimney 37 delimited, opposite the rotor 2, by the enclosure 1 and the grid 30, chimney which extends below between the walls 28 and 29 of the sheath.
  • the light leaking phase flows downwards because the chimney 37 is closed at the top.
  • a forced circulation means 100 is provided at the top of the chimney 37.
  • the forced circulation means 100 is a fan centrifugal constituted by fixed inclined blades 101 projecting downwards on a crown 102, arranged in the enclosure 1 opposite the solid peripheral part 103 of the head disc of the rotor; this head disc is, if we consider the direction of flow of the mixture according to arrow F in the rotor 2, the last downstream disc 3 a in the counter-current separating apparatus of FIG. 1 or the first disc upstream 3 b in the equal current separating device of figure 2.
  • the blades 101 are inclined from the rear center to the front periphery. Furthermore, the lower edge of these blades extending at more closely, that is to say with minimal operating play, of the solid portion 103 that extends outside the cut-outs 11 of the disc 3 has or 3 b of head. Finally, sloping notches 104 are formed in the enclosure 1 between the crown 102 and the grid 30 to divert the stream of purified light phase, coming from the rotor and blown by the centrifugal fan 101-103, towards the slots 36 of this grid 30 and possibly the chimney 37 so that the axial component G of the leakage flow is directed downwards.
  • the spacing of the flaps 31 depends, under the conditions of use provided, on their width and their incidence so that the slots 36 behave well with respect to the phases as indicated above.
  • the flaps 31 of the grid 30 can, instead of being rectilinear and parallel to the axis of the rotor, be shaped as helicoid defining cylindrical envelopes 33 and 35. In addition, whatever the shape of the flaps, these can be arranged in frustoconical envelopes.
  • each disc 3 of the rotor 2 may behave at its periphery like a centrifugal fan to better force-feed in the heavy phase and, in the alternative, in the light phase, the slots 36 of the collection grid 30.
  • the rear rear radial rim 13 of each solid part 12 of each disc 3 is extended beyond the openings 11 by curved or simply inclined parts 38 extending to the periphery.
  • the angle of incidence "b" of these edge portions 38 relative to the tangent is opposite to that "a" of the flaps 31 of the collection grid 30.
  • the tubular enclosure 1 extends between two flanges 39 and 40 to which it is welded and which hold the flaps 31 of the grid 30.
  • This cassette 10 30, 39, 40 surrounds the rotor 2 and is interposed with sealing between two fixed flanges 41 and 42 of the device, the flanges being fitted into grooves and pressing O-rings 43.
  • the crown 102 is fixed on the flange 41 so that the crest of its blades 101 is located as close as possible to the disc 3 a (or 3 b ).
  • the sloping notches 104 which connect the interpale spaces to the slots 36 of the grid 30 and possibly to the chimney 37, are cut in the flange 39 whose teeth separating the notches hold the flaps 31 of the grid 30.
  • the flange 42 is fixed to a counter-flange 44 on which the walls 28 and 29 of the sheath are welded.
  • Passages 45 are provided opposite in the lower flange 40 of the cassette as well as in the flange 42 and the counter-flange 44 in order to establish permanent communication between the sections of the chimney 37 of said cassette and said sheath.
  • the forced circulation means 100 comprises, in combination with the centrifugal fan 101-103, one or more nozzles 105 hollowed out in the flange 41 or attached therein.
  • This or these nozzles are connected to a light phase source which can be the discharge 8 of the fan 7 or else an independent light phase circuit, such as a compressed air circuit.
  • the nozzle (s) 105 extend substantially in the direction of the neighboring blades 101. It or they open facing the free spaces which separate these blades and are located upstream of said blades if we consider the direction G of the flow of leak, i.e. on the inside of the blades and above the rotor.
  • the means of forced circulation comprises, in combination or not with the centrifugal fan 101-103, one or more nozzles 106 connected to the light phase source under pressure, extending tangentially to the rotor 2 and opening into the chimney 37 at the head and downstream of the helical flow leakage coinciding with the front of the rotor rotation (arrow T).
  • centrifugal fan 101-103 constitutes, when it exists, a blown seal preventing the make-up flow coming from the nozzle (s) 106 from pushing upstream of the leak.
  • a minimum clearance must be provided between the full peripheral part 103 of the head disc 3 a or 3 b and the flange 41.
  • the nozzle or nozzles 106 can be inclined along the slope of the downward helical leakage flow.
  • the forced circulation means 100 comprises, in combination or not with the centrifugal fan 101-103 and / or the nozzle (s) 106, one or more nozzles 107 connected to the source light phase under the above pressure.
  • This or these nozzles 107 open out between the sheath and the rotor, advantageously near the grid 30 between the two head discs of said rotor.
  • the nozzle (s) 107 extend obliquely substantially in the direction of the neighboring flap (s) 31 of this grid 30 to blow through slots 36 in the latter.
  • FIG. 7 A particular embodiment of the combination of the selective collection barrier 30 with a selective transfer barrier 49 is illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the enclosure 1 surrounds a collection grid 30 whose flaps 31 extend as close as possible to the fictitious envelope of the conical discs 3 of the rotor 2 and delimit slots 36 which open into the chimney section 37 formed between said enclosure and said grid. These are extended downwards by the outer 28 and inner 29 walls of the sheath defining between them a second chimney section 37 communicating permanently with the first.
  • the centrifuge device which can be of any type (FIGS. 7 and 17 to 23) has a selective transfer barrier 49 (FIGS. 7 to 16) which is arranged on one of the walls 28 or 29 of the sheath downstream of the rotor, if we consider the axial direction of flow of the leak according to arrow G, and connected to the inner wall 29 of the sheath upstream of the rotor 2, if we consider the axial direction of flow of the mixture according to arrow F.
  • the location of the selective transfer barrier 49 is defined in general in the above to cover all the possible embodiments including those which are illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 17 to 23.
  • this transfer barrier is mounted on the inner wall 29 of the sheath below the rotor to open into the chimney 37 and into the delimited central duct. through this wall to convey the mixture to be treated.
  • the selective transfer barrier 49 is a grid 50 absolutely identical to the aforementioned collection grid 30; its shutters 31 are oriented in the same way, relative to the leakage flow in the chimney 37, as those of said collection grid 30; therefore, when passing the transfer grid 50, the heavy phase remains trapped in the chimney 37 since it cannot, because of its rotation, engage between the flaps oriented opposite to this rotation in the slots 36; on the other hand, the light phase which is in slight overpressure with respect to the mixture of the conduit, flows through the said slots as far as the said conduit but with a sufficiently low speed so that it practically does not involve any heavy phase.
  • this transfer grid 50 is applicable, like the other equivalent means described below with reference to FIGS. 8 to 16, to the other embodiments of the centrifuge apparatus and in particular to those of FIGS. 17 to 23.
  • the selective transfer barrier 49 is a perforated plate 51, the holes 52 of which have a diameter and a distribution such that the particles of heavy phase, even the finest, cannot cross them. Moreover, this is all the more difficult for them as they circulate in a manner substantially parallel to the plate or with a low incidence, which considerably reduces the chance of penetrating a hole.
  • the selective transfer barrier 49 is a mass filtration membrane 53.
  • This membrane delimits channels 54 into which the heavy phase particles may attempt to penetrate. If they are very thin, they can pass completely through the membrane provided they reach it at an appropriate angle. But in general, they get blocked in channels whose section is not constant and whose shape is sinuous. Consequently, the membrane stops in its mass the particles of heavy phase and allows itself to be traversed by the light phase which then returns to the mixture.
  • the membrane behaves like a filter with the disadvantage that this filter is clogged and must therefore be changed periodically.
  • the selective transfer barrier 49 is a surface filtration membrane 55.
  • This membrane has an underlayer 56 through which the charged light phase could pass but which in reality does not is crossed only by the light phase free of heavy phase. Indeed, the heavy phase is stopped by a filtering skin 57 covering the sub-layer and having calibrated orifices 58 of dimensions such that the light phase passes.
  • a membrane 55 is non-clogging and its replacement may only be considered during revisions of the device.
  • the transfer barriers 51, 53 and 55 can be cylindrical sleeves rigidly interposed between two elements of the inner wall 29 of the sheath. They can also be screens inserted in windows delimited by said interior wall 29.
  • barriers 51, 53 and 55 can cooperate, when the concentrated mixture flowing in the chimney 37 is a liquid mist, with a coalescing device 59 making it possible to improve their efficiency and to remove them from most of the droplets.
  • the coalescing device 59 is constituted by a stack of frustoconical deflectors 60 spaced from one another and diverging downstream from the flow along the arrow G of the concentrated mixture in the chimney 37. Observed in projection on the corresponding barrier 51 or 53 or 55, the deflectors overlap each other. Consequently, the droplets entrained by the gaseous phase which escapes through said barrier, meet the deflectors, meet, enlarge and flow downwards, thus not being able to cross this barrier.
  • the coalescing device 59 consists of a plurality of fixed longitudinal flaps 61 oriented and distributed, relative to the rotation along the arrow T of the mixture concentrated in the chimney 37, like the flaps 31 of the transfer grid 50 according to FIG. 7. Consequently, the droplets, turning in the chimney, meet the flaps 61 and tend to meet, to enlarge and to flow downwards along said flaps without reaching to the corresponding barrier 51, 53 or 55, the risk of being driven through it by the gaseous phase being thus eliminated.
  • the coalescing device 59 consists of two perforated cylinders 62 and 63 concentric with one another and with the corresponding barrier 51, 53 or 55, these cylinders being closed at the top by an annular partition 64.
  • the perforations 65 of said cylinders are staggered with respect to each other and relative to the orifices of said barrier in order to form an impact filter.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 A first embodiment of an apparatus of the counter-current type according to FIG. 1 is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 17 and 18.
  • This apparatus is intended for treating a phase mixture gas and powder phase. It comprises a rotor 2 mounted in an enclosure 1 surmounting a sheath whose inner 29 and outer 28 walls define a chimney 37 in which the gaseous leakage phase charged with the separate pulverulent phase flows helically.
  • the internal wall 29 is provided with a selective transfer barrier 49 which can be of any type, for example a grid 50.
  • the two walls are connected by a bottom 66 constituted by two helical ramps 67 extending symmetrically from their common base 68 in a first half of the chimney 37 and by two other helical ramps 69 extending symmetrically from their common base 70 in the second half of the chimney, these two pairs 67 and 69 of ramps meeting at two vertices 71 diametrically opposite.
  • the bases 68 and 70 are connected to a means for discharging the pulverulent heavy phase guided towards the bottom by the ramps 67 and 69, means which can be constituted by a closed tank 72, a rotary lock 73 or the like.
  • the heavy pulverulent phase is discharged and that the light leakage phase which keeps it in rotating suspension in the chimney 37 cannot escape with said pulverulent material, but returns through the barrier. transfer 49 in the conduit delimited by the wall 29 to unite with the mixture before it reaches the rotor 2.
  • the inner wall 29 delimiting the conduit for rotating the mixture to be treated and for distributing it to the rotor 2 is connected to a tangential supply pipe 74 passing through the sheath under the inclined ramps 67, 69 and between these; moreover, this inner wall 29 is extended downwards by a converging 75 which forms a cyclonic device by which a first separation of the larger pulverulent phase is carried out before that which is carried out in the rotor 2.
  • FIG. 19 A second embodiment of a device of the type with against the current according to Figure 1 is shown schematically in Figures 19 and 20.
  • This device is intended to treat a mixture of gas phase and a liquid phase. It comprises a rotor 2 mounted in an enclosure 1 surmounting a sheath the inner and outer walls of which delimit a chimney 37 in which the gaseous phase of leakage forms with the separated liquid phase a mist which flows in a helical manner.
  • the internal wall 29 is provided with a selective transfer barrier 49 which can be of any type, for example a grid 50.
  • the outer wall 28 is surrounded by a concentric peripheral wall 76 and these walls are connected to each other near the rotor by a shutter ring 77.
  • the peripheral wall 76 is connected to a tangential tube 78 for supplying mixture to be treated. Therefore, the mixture is rotated in the chamber 79 delimited by these walls 28, 76 and descends in the direction of the arrow F ′ in a helical movement.
  • the peripheral wall 76 is extended by a descending convergent 80 which forms a cyclonic device by which a first separation of the larger droplets is effected.
  • the inner wall 29 of the sheath is conical and diverges downwards so that its lower end 81 is very close to that 82 of the outer wall 28.
  • These ends 81 and 82 define a narrowed annular opening 83 through which the liquid coming from the meeting of the droplets trapped in the chimney 37, flows and falls on the convergent 80.
  • the opening 83 is insufficient for the excess gas phase which flows in the chimney to be able to escape through said opening. This constriction generates a slight overpressure by which an appropriate flow rate for the gas phase through the barrier 49 is established.
  • FIG. 21 A third embodiment of an apparatus of the counter-current type according to FIG. 1 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 21.
  • This apparatus is intended for treating a mixture of gaseous phase and of pulverulent phase. It comprises, under the fixed enclosure 1 and the rotor 2 not shown, a sheath whose inner 29 and outer 28 walls delimit between them a chimney 37 in which the leakage of gas phase in helical flow keeps the separate pulverulent phase in suspension.
  • the internal wall 29 is provided with a selective transfer barrier 49 which can be of any type, for example a grid 50.
  • the outer wall 28 is connected by a bottom 85 to the inner wall 29, an extension 86 of which extends below and plunges into a descending convergent 87.
  • the upper mouth 88 of this converging which surrounds with play the extension 86 is connected to a tangential tube 89 for supplying the cyclonic device thus formed with mixture.
  • the largest solid particles fall and pass through a tubular base 90 connected to an ashtray or other means for removing the separated heavy phase.
  • the mixture in helical flow rises in the direction of arrow F in the duct delimited by the wall 29, taking in passing the light phase escaping through the barrier 50 of the chimney 37, then it passes through the rotor 2 to be treated there.
  • the heavy phase ejected from the rotor and a slight phase leak, whether or not they have crossed a collection barrier 30, are obtained by turning in the same direction in the stack 37, but by moving axially in the opposite direction defined by the arrow G.
  • the bottom 85 of the sheath is connected by at least one external conduit to the base 90.
  • two conduits 91, 92 are provided and include an internal nozzle 93, 94 respectively.
  • Each nozzle allows the passage of the pulverulent phase, but calibrates the leak at this point in the phase gaseous in order to properly balance the pressures of the system and thus, the recycling of the light phase in the chimney 37 is adjusted under the best established operating conditions.
  • the enclosure 1 comprises, above the rotor 2, an extension 95 leading to the tube 24 and, below the said rotor, a wall 28 leading to the convergent 26.
  • This outer wall 28 cooperates with an inner wall 29 to form a sheath in which the light phase leakage laden with the separated heavy phase flows helically.
  • One or more external conduits 96 connect as many windows 97 formed in the wall 28 to as many windows 98 formed in the riser 95.
  • the windows 97 opening into the sheath 28, 29 are provided with selective transfer barriers 49.
  • a passage 99 provided between the inner sheath wall 29 and the convergent 26 lets pass the heavy phase escaping from the chimney. This passage is adjusted as indicated above so that a balance of pressures is stabilized so that recycling of the excess light phase is established through the conduit (s) 96 between the sheath 28, 29 and the chamber 23.
  • FIG. 23 A variant is illustrated in FIG. 23.
  • the apparatus comprises elements identical to those of the fourth embodiment and are designated by the same reference signs. The only difference lies in the fact that the enclosure 1 is distant from the rotor 2 so as to mount therein, in extension of the inner wall 29 of the sheath, a collecting grid 30.
  • the apparatus of this variant operates in the same way as that of FIG. 22, with the only difference that the collection of the heavy phase is carried out through the grid 30 and that the latter participates in the recycling of the light phase through the transfer barrier 49 and the outer conduit (s) 96.

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Claims (20)

  1. Trennzentrifuge zum Abtrennen einer schweren Phase aus einer eine leichte Phase enthaltenden Mischung, wobei diese Zentrifuge entweder vom Gegenstromtypus ist, bei welcher die im axialen Bereich vorhandenen Bestandteile der Mischung und die im peripheren Bereich abgetrennte Flüssigkeit in entgegengesetzten Richtungen (F, G) fließen, oder vom Gleichstromtypus ist, bei welcher die erwähnten Flüssigkeiten in derselben Richtung (F, G) strömen, und wobei innerhalb eines starren Gehäuses (1) die folgenden Elemente angeordnet sind:
    - ein der Verarbeitung dienender Rotor (2) mit im bestand voneinander angeordneten Scheiben (3), in nerhalb welcher Durchbrechungen (11) vorgesehen sind, welche von einer Scheibe zur nächsten winkelmäßig versetzt sind, wodurch eine schraubenförmige Strömung der Mischung erreicht ist,
    - eine Einrichtung, beispielsweise in Form eines Flügel rades (7), mit welchem auf der Zuflußseite ein Druck abfall erzeugt ist, während über die Durchbrechungen (11) des Rotors hinweg in Richtung der Abströmseite eine Strömung der Mischung erreicht ist, welche ent lang von schraubenförmiger untereinander getrennter Adern schneller als der Rotor rotiert, wobei die im peripheren Bereich sich ergebende schraubenförmige Strömung der abfließenden Flüssigkeit durch schrauben förmige Lamellen strömt, welche im wesentlichen mit derselben Geschwindigkeit wie der Rotor rotieren, und wobei die schraubenförmige Strömung der abfließenden Flüssigkeit dieselbe Drehrichtung (T) wie die schrau benförmigen Strömungen durch den Rotor (2) aufweist, und
    - ein Mantel von konzentrischen Wandungen (28, 29), bei welchem die äußere Wandung (28) von dem starren Gehäu se (1) umgeben ist, während die innere Wandung (29) von einer den Rotor (2) umgebenden Falle für die schwere Phase angeben ist, wobei die beiden Wandungen in einem derartigen Abstand voneinander gehalten sind, daß zwischen denselben die abfließende Flüssigkeit ab strömt, während innerhalb der inneren Wandung eine Strömung der Mischung stattfindet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    - die den Rotor (2) umgebende Falle für die schwere Phase in Form eines Sammelgitters (30) ausgebildet ist, welche durch eine Mehrzahl von in Längsrichtung sich erstreckenden starren Flügellamellen (31) gebildet ist, bei denen die Innenkanten (32) und die Außenkanten (34) auf konzentrisch zum Rotor (2) ver laufenden gedachten Zylinderflächen (33 bzw. 35) zu liegen gelangen, wobei die einzelnen Flügelblätter (31) in einer senkrecht zur Achse des Rotors verlau fenden Ebene in Bezug auf die Drehrichtung (T) derart angeordnet sind, daß die inneren kanten nach rückwärts und die äußeren kanten nach vorne weisen, so daß die schraubenförmige Strömung der abfließenden Flüssigkeit zwischen die Flügelblätter einströmt und die schwere Phase, welche innerhalb einer zwischen dem Mantel und dem Gehäuse (1) vorhandenen Wandung (37) vorhanden ist, mitnimmt, während die erwähnten Flügelblätter (31) eine Rückströmung der einer schraubenförmigen Strömung ausgesetzten schweren Phase von der Wandung in Richtung des Rotors (2) verhindern,
    - ferner daß wenigstens ein Teil von einer dieser Wan dungen des Mantels durch wenigstens eine selektiv durchlässige Wandung (49) gebildet ist, welche derart ausgebildete Öffnungen aufweist, daß die leichte Phase der innerhalb des Mantels (28, 29) in schraubenförmiger Weise abströmenden Flüssigkeit dieselbe durchströ men kann, und zurück in den mittleren Bereich gelangt, während nur ein sehr geringer Teil der abgetrennten schweren Phase mitgeführt wird und der größte Teil der abgetrennten schweren Phase von dem erwähnten Mantel zurückgehalten wird, und
    - daß im oberen Bereich der Wandung (37), welche durch das starre Gehäuse (1) und das Sammelgitter (30) begrenzt ist und welche nach unten hin zu den konzentrischen zylindrischen Wandungen (28, 29) führt, eine Fördereinrichtung (100) vorgesehen ist, mit welcher eine Strömung der leichten Phase erzeugt ist, die die abströmende Mischung nach unten hin mitnimmt und dabei die schwere Phase nach unten drückt.
  2. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die selektiv durchlässige Wandung bzw. -wandungen (49) in Strömungsrichtung der abströmenden Flüssigkeit (G) gesehen stromabwärts vom Rotor (2) auf einer der Wandungen (28, 29) des Mantels vorgesehen sind, und daß dieselben in Strömungsrichtung (F) der Mischung gesehen auf der Anströmseite des Rotors (2) auf der inneren Wandung (29) des Mantels vorgesehen sind, so daß die leichte Phase der abströmenden Flüssigkeit sich mit der Strömung der Mischung erneut vermischen kann und demzufolge konstant erneuert ist, ohne daß die schwere Phase in die Mischung zurück strömen kann.
  3. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die selektiv durchlässige Wandung bzw. Wandungen (49) aus einer Mehrzahl von starren Flügelblättern (31) bestehen, bei welchen die Innenkanten (32) und die Außenkanten (34) auf konzentrisch zum Rotor verlaufenden gedachten Zylinderflächen (33 bzw. 35) zu liegen gelangen, wobei die einzelnen Flügelblätter (31) in einer zum Rotor (2) senkrecht stehenden Ebene in Rotationsrichtung (T) auf der Innenseite nach rückwärts und auf der Außenseite nach vorne gerichtet sind.
  4. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flügelblätter (31) parallel zueinander und in gleichmäßigen Winkelabständen angeordnet sind.
  5. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flügelblätter (31) zur Mitte hin gekrümmt sind.
  6. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die selektiv durchlässige Wandung durch wenigstens eine perforierte Platte (51) gebildet ist.
  7. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die selektiv durchlässige Wandung durch wenigstens eine im Innern wirksame Filtermembran (53) gebildet ist.
  8. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die selektiv durchlässige Wandung durch wenigstens eine auf der Oberfläche wirksame Filtermembran (55) gebildet ist.
  9. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die selektiv durchlässige Wandung (49) mit einen gegenüber der abgetrennten schweren Phase wirksamen Hemmeinrichtung (59) in Verbindung steht, welche aus zwischen den beiden Wandungen (28, 29) des Mantels angeordneten geneigten Elementen besteht.
  10. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hemmeinrichtung (59) aus einer Anordnung von voneinander getrennten, kegelstumpfförmigen Leitblechen (60) besteht, welche in der Abströmrichtung der abgetrennten Flüssigkeit divergieren.
  11. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hemmeinrichtung (59) durch eine Mehrzahl von in Längsrichtung sich erstreckenden unbeweglichen Flügelblättern (61) besteht, bei welchen die Innen- und Außenkanten (32, 34) konzentrisch zu der filtrierenden Transfermembran auf gedachten Zylinderflächen (33, 35) zu liegen gelangen, wobei die Flügelblätter (61) in einer senkrecht zur Achse der betreffenden Membran verlaufenden Ebene unter Berücksichtigung der Rotationsrichtung (T) der abströmenden Flüssigkeit auf der Innenseite nach rückwärts und auf der Außenseite nach vorne geneigt sind.
  12. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hemmeinrichtung (59) durch wenigstens eine perforierte Zylinderwandung (62, 63) gebildet ist, welche konzentrisch zu der Transfermembran (51, 53, 55) verläuft, so daß auf diese Weise innerhalb der Innenwandung des Mantels gegenüber einer Rückströmung der leichten Phase der abgetrennten Flüssigkeit durch diese Membran hindurch ein Stoßfilter gebildet ist.
  13. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fördereinrichtung starre Flügelblätter (15) aufweist, welche im oberen Bereich des starren Gehäuses (1) angeordnet sind und welche mit der ersten Scheibe (3a) des Rotors (2) auf der Zuführseite der abgetrennten Flüssigkeit (G) zusammenarbeiten, wodurch ein Zentrifugalventilator gebildet ist, wobei diese Flügelblätter (15) in Drehrichtung (T) des Rotors gesehen zur Mitte hin nach hinten und nach außen hin nach vorne geneigt sind, so daß der betreffende Ventilator die mit der abgetrennten schweren Phase versetzte leichte Phase in Abströmrichtung der abgetrennten Flüssigkeit drücken.
  14. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fördereinrichtung wenigstens eine Öffnung (105) aufweist, welche an der Quelle für die leichte Phase angeschlossen ist, so daß die innerhalb der Vorrichtung einen Druckabfall hervorrufende Stauung, welche im Hinblick auf die Strömung der im Peripherbereich abfließenden Flüssigkeit auf der Zuführseite der starren Flügelblätter auftritt, sich im wesentlichen in Richtung des bzw. der benachbarten Flügelblätter erstreckt.
  15. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 1 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fördereinrichtung wenigstens eine Öffnung (106) aufweist, welche an der Quelle der leichten Phase derart angeschlossen ist, daß die den Druckabfall innerhalb der Vorrichtung hervorrufende Stauung, welche im Kopfbereich des Mantels auftritt, sich in Bezug auf die Rotationsrichtung des Rotors in tangentialer Richtung erstreckt.
  16. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 13 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fördereinrichtung wenigstens eine Öffnung (107) aufweist, welche mit der Quelle der leichten Phase derart verbunden ist, daß die Stauung der Flüssigkeit, welche innerhalb des Gerätes den Druckabfall hervorruft und welche zwischen dem Rotor (2) und dem Mantel im wesentlichen in der Höhe der auf der Einlaßseite der Strömung der abfließenden Flüssigkeit liegenden, ersten Scheibe (3a) des Rotors (2) einmündet sich in Bezug auf die Richtung des oder der benachbarten Flügelblätter des Sammelgitters im wesentlichen schräg erstreckt.
  17. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 2, bei welcher es sich um eine Einrichtung des Gegenstromtypus handelt, bei der die Mischung und die leichte Phase von unten nach oben fließen, während eine pulverförmige schwere Phase von oben nach unten geführt ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mit der selektiv durchlässigen Wandung (49) versehene Mantel, welcher in seinem unteren Bereich durch einen Boden (66) verschlossen ist, wenigstens zwei schraubenförmige Rampen (67, 69) aufweist, welche die beiden Wandungen (28, 29) untereinander verbinden, und welche in der Abwärtsrichtung die abgetrennte schwere Phase von wenigstens einem Ausgangspunkt (71) teilweise über die eine oder die andere Wandung bis zur wenigstens einer Basis (68, 70) führen, unxd daß diese Basis an einem Ableitungsrohr für die schwere Phase angeschlossen ist, während eine Zurückhaltung gegenüber der leichten Phase erfolgt, indem ein geschlossener Behälter (72) sowie eine drehbare Schleuße (73) vorgesehen sind, indem ferner die Innenwandung (29) des Mantels an einem tangentiellen Rohr (74) für die Zufuhr der zu behandelnden Mischung angeschlossen ist und indem ein konvergierender Trichter (75) vorgesehen ist, um auf diese Weise einen Zyklon bilden.
  18. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 2, bei welcher es sich um eine Einrichtung des Gegenstromtypus handelt, bei der die Mischung und die leichte Phase von unten nach oben fließen, während eine flüssige schwere Phase von oben nach unten geführt ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mit einer selektiv durchlässigen Wandung (49) versehene Mantel (28, 29) von einer der Rotation der Mischung dienenden Ringkammer (79) umgeben ist, bei welcher die im wesentlichen zylindrisch ausgebildete äußere Wandung (76) an seinem unterhalb des Rotors (29) angeordneten oberen geschlossenen Ende (77) an einer der Zufuhr der zu behandelnden Flüssigkeit dienenden tangentialen Rohr (78) angeschlossen ist, während das unterhalb des Mantels angeordnete untere Ende auf Grund eines konvergierenden Trichters (80) einen Zyklon bildet, bei welchem die oberhalb des konvergenten Teils einmündende untere Öffnung des Mantels (83) sich verengt und dabei vorzugsweise eine konische Form der Innenwandung (29) des Mantels bildet, so daß praktisch eine Strömung der Flüssigkeit verhinderrt ist, um an dieser Stelle die abgetrennte gasförmige Phase erheblich zu verringern.
  19. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 2, bei welcher es sich um eine Einrichtung des Gegenstromtypus handelt, bei der die Mischung und die leichte Phase von unten nach oben fließen, während eine pulverförmige schwere Phase von oben nach unten geführt ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mit einer selektiv durchlässigen Wandung (49) versehene Mantel (28, 29) an seinem unteren Ende durch einen ringförmigen Boden (85) verschlossen ist, welcher über wenigstens eine äußere Leitung (91, 92) mit einem Rohrfuß (90) eines nach unten sich verengenden Trichters (87) verbunden ist, der wiederum an einem Kasten oder einer anderen der Entfernung der schweren Phase dienenden Einrichtung angeschlossen ist, wobei die obere Öffnung (88) dieses Trichters unter Einhaltung eines gewissen Spiels die Innenwandung (86) des Mantels umgibt, welcher unterhalb des erwähnten Bodens an einer der Zufuhr des zu behandelnden Gemisches dienenden tangentiellen Rohrleitung (89) unter Bildung eines Zyklons angeschlossen ist, und wobei die äußere Rohrleitung bzw. Rohrleitungen (90, 91) unter anderem eine innere Düse (93, 94) aufweisen, welche die Abtrennung einer gasförmigen Phase bei der Ableitung der schweren Phase begrenzt.
  20. Trennzentrifuge nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welcher es sich um eine Einrichtung des Gleichstromtypus handelt, bei der die Mischung und die schwere Phase in gleicher Richtung von oben nach unten strömen, während die leichte Phase innerhalb eines mittleren Rohres von unten nach oben geführt ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unterhalb des Rotors (2) und am Eingang von wenigstens einer äußeren Rohrleitung (96), welche bei (98) oberhalb des Rotors (2) und unterhalb des Einlasses (24) der zu behandelnden Mischung einmündet, innerhalb der äußeren Wandung (28) des Mantels wenigstens eine selektiv durchlässige Wandung (49) vorgesehen ist, welche sich unterhalb des Rotors (2) derart erstreckt, daß der Innenraum des Mantels, innerhalb welchem die schwere Phase strömt, oberhalb eines nach unten sich verjüngenden Trichters (26) einmündet.
EP89401132A 1988-04-25 1989-04-21 Apparat für die Zentrifugaltrennung, versehen mit einer Anlage zum Zurückhalten der dichten Phase Expired - Lifetime EP0340087B1 (de)

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AT89401132T ATE87507T1 (de) 1988-04-25 1989-04-21 Apparat fuer die zentrifugaltrennung, versehen mit einer anlage zum zurueckhalten der dichten phase.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8805468A FR2630348B1 (fr) 1988-04-25 1988-04-25 Dispositif permettant de pieger dans un appareil de separation centrifuge la phase lourde
FR8805468 1988-04-25

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EP0340087B1 true EP0340087B1 (de) 1993-03-31

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2686528B1 (fr) * 1992-01-24 1994-04-29 Saget Pierre Dispositif de soutirage force de la phase lourde dans un appareil de separation centrifuge.
FR2714850A1 (fr) * 1994-01-12 1995-07-13 Saget Pierre Appareil séparateur et épurateur de la pollution d'au moins un mélange gazeux.
FR2768067A1 (fr) * 1997-09-08 1999-03-12 Pierre Saget Appareil separateur et epurateur de la pollution d'au moins un melange fluide
DE10300729A1 (de) * 2003-01-11 2004-07-22 Mann + Hummel Gmbh Zentrifugal-Ölabscheider
SE525981C2 (sv) 2003-10-07 2005-06-07 3Nine Ab Anordning vid en centrifugalseparator
SE529611C2 (sv) 2006-02-13 2007-10-02 Alfa Laval Corp Ab Centrifugalseparator
DE202007010776U1 (de) * 2007-07-31 2008-12-11 Hengst Gmbh & Co.Kg Ölnebelabscheider für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE102012100438A1 (de) * 2012-01-19 2013-07-25 Elringklinger Ag Abscheider für Flüssigkeitströpfchen aus einem Aerosol
US20240299984A1 (en) * 2021-05-24 2024-09-12 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Classifier and classifying method

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GB186631A (en) * 1921-10-03 1923-02-08 Smidth & Co As F L Improvements in centrifugal apparatus for the separation of solid particles from fluids
GB821574A (en) * 1957-02-19 1959-10-07 Archibald Johnstone Engineers Improvements in or relating to dust-separators
FR1203718A (fr) * 1958-03-28 1960-01-20 Jansen Gmbh Th Dépoussiéreur à brosses
NL285656A (de) * 1961-11-22
FR2317967A1 (fr) * 1975-07-16 1977-02-11 Apstein Victor Separateur de particules a rotor tournant
FR2468410B1 (fr) * 1979-10-31 1985-06-21 Saget Pierre Procede de separation centrifuge et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre applicables a un melange de phases d'etats quelconques
FR2522528B1 (fr) * 1982-03-03 1987-05-07 Saget Pierre Appareil perfectionne pour la separation centrifuge d'un melange comprenant au moins une phase gazeuse
FR2576526B1 (fr) * 1985-01-25 1987-04-30 Saget Pierre Appareil separateur centrifuge pour le traitement d'un melange comprenant au moins une phase gazeuse, avec collecte horizontale forcee de la phase lourde
ATE52204T1 (de) * 1986-06-16 1990-05-15 Pierre Laurent Saget Apparat zur zentrifugaltrennung einer phasenmischung.

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ATE87507T1 (de) 1993-04-15
EP0340087A1 (de) 1989-11-02
DE68905649T2 (de) 1993-08-19
FR2630348B1 (fr) 1992-03-06
DE68905649D1 (de) 1993-05-06
FR2630348A1 (fr) 1989-10-27

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