EP0338401A1 - Powder-metallurgical process for the production of a semi-finished product for electrical contacts made from a composite material based on silver and iron - Google Patents
Powder-metallurgical process for the production of a semi-finished product for electrical contacts made from a composite material based on silver and iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0338401A1 EP0338401A1 EP89106490A EP89106490A EP0338401A1 EP 0338401 A1 EP0338401 A1 EP 0338401A1 EP 89106490 A EP89106490 A EP 89106490A EP 89106490 A EP89106490 A EP 89106490A EP 0338401 A1 EP0338401 A1 EP 0338401A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- composite
- alloy
- silver
- composite material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OVMJVEMNBCGDGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silver Chemical compound [Fe].[Ag] OVMJVEMNBCGDGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GXBKELQWVXYOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron tungsten Chemical compound [W][Fe][W] GXBKELQWVXYOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UYKQQBUWKSHMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver tungsten Chemical compound [Ag][W][W] UYKQQBUWKSHMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001136792 Alle Species 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/30—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with decomposition of metal compounds, e.g. by pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
- B22F9/26—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions using gaseous reductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0466—Alloys based on noble metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
- H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
Definitions
- the invention is based on a powder-metallurgical method for producing a semi-finished product for electrical contacts from a composite material based on silver 5 to 50 wt .-% iron as the first secondary component and 0 to 5% by weight of a second secondary constituent from one or more substances from the group which contains the metals titanium, zircon, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, copper and zinc, their oxides and their carbides, and the rest of silver as the main component, which is disclosed in the older, but not prepublished DE-A-38 16 895.
- the individual constituents of the composite material are mixed with one another in powder form, pressed into shaped bodies and sintered, that is to say produced by a conventional powder metallurgical process.
- the composite material cannot be produced by melt metallurgy, because iron is not significantly soluble in silver even in the molten state.
- the invention has for its object to find a way in which the frequency of such spontaneously occurring increases in contact resistance can be reduced.
- the alloy or composite powder by adding compounds present in aqueous solution for the alloying or ver Metals provided in the powder are pyrolytically decomposed by the process of spray pyrolysis.
- the method of spray pyrolysis is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,510,291, in EP 0 012 202 A1 and in DE 29 29 630 C2. Salts of the metals intended for the alloy or composite powder are dissolved in a liquid and the solution is atomized in a hot reactor or in a flame, so that the solvent evaporates suddenly, at a temperature below the melting temperature of the dissolved Metals lies. The sudden evaporation of the solvent results in composite powder particles in which the metals are bound together in a very fine and uniform distribution.
- the composite powders are usually created by spray pyrolysis with particles that are smaller than 100 ⁇ m (diameter). For the process according to the invention, preference is given to using powders whose particles are not larger than 40 ⁇ m. In the composite powder produced by spray pyrolysis, the individual constituents are predominantly in the form of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m (diameter) large particles which are connected to one another. The use of such finely structured powder particles favors the formation of the desired properties of the contact pieces (low erosion, low tendency to weld, consistently low contact resistance).
- the spray-pyrolytically produced composite powder can contain not only metallic components, but also oxides or carbides if the oxide-forming or carbide-forming metals are added to the solution to be sprayed from the outset in the form of a soluble salt.
- the atmosphere In order for oxides or carbides to form in the hot atmosphere in which the metal salt solution is sprayed, the atmosphere must of course contain free oxygen or oxygen in a reactive compound or a gaseous carbon compound, for example a gaseous hydrocarbon, with which the spray pyrolysis is used initially formed, reactive metals can react with the formation of oxide or carbide.
- the oxidic or carbidic constituents that may be provided bring about, in part, a lowering of the contact point temperature in switching operation and, in part, an extension of the service life of the contact pieces not only in the case of small and medium current loads, but also in the heavy load range, as described in IEC standard 158-1 for AC4 Test conditions is specified (switch-off current equals switch-on current).
- switch-off current equals switch-on current.
- Molybdenum oxide, molybdenum carbide, tungsten oxide and tungsten carbide work even in small quantities (in the order of magnitude from 0.1% by weight).
- Alloy powders and composite powders that can be used in the process according to the invention can be produced not only by spray pyrolysis, but also in other ways, for example by chemical mixed precipitation of the metals intended for the alloy or composite powders from a solution of their salts or by atomizing of molten metals. Chemical mixed precipitation is an option for the production of composite powders from components that can be dissolved and chemically precipitated under similar conditions.
- the atomization of molten metals is primarily considered for the production of alloy or composite powders from metals which are soluble in one another at least in the molten state in the quantitative ratios of interest here, which applies to iron pairings with most of the metals intended for the second secondary constituent;
- manganese is also firmly soluble in an amount of up to a few percent, whereas titanium and zircon in silver are not soluble in the solid state, but are to a certain extent soluble in the molten state.
- a composite powder can only be formed by atomization if the molten metals are mixed intensively with one another by stirring or if the spray jets of the molten metals are allowed to penetrate one another.
- Alloy or composite powders obtained by mixed precipitation or atomization can subsequently be subjected to an internal process Undergo oxidation and thereby produce an oxide composite powder or carburize and thereby produce a carbide-containing composite powder.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem pulvermetallurgischen Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Halbzeugs für elektrische Kontakte aus einem Verbundwerkstoff auf Silberbasis bestehend aus
5 bis 50 Gew.-% Eisen als erstem Nebenbestandteil und
0 bis 5 Gew.-% eines zweiten Nebenbestandteils aus einem oder mehreren Substanzen aus der Gruppe, welche die Metalle Titan, Zirkon, Niob, Tantal, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Kupfer und Zink, ihre Oxide und ihre Karbide enthält,
und zum Rest aus Silber als Hauptbestandteil, welches in der älteren, aber nicht vorveröffentlichten DE-A-38 16 895 offenbart ist. Gemäß der DE-A-38 16 895 werden die einzelnen Bestandteile des Verbundwerkstoffs in Pulverform miteinander gemischt, zu Formkörpern gepreßt und gesintert, also nach einem üblichen pulvermetallurgischen Verfahren hergestellt. Auf schmelzmetallurgischem Weg kann der Verbundwerkstoff nicht hergestellt werden, weil Eisen in Silber selbst im schmelzflüssigen Zustand nicht nennenswert löslich ist.The invention is based on a powder-metallurgical method for producing a semi-finished product for electrical contacts from a composite material based on silver
5 to 50 wt .-% iron as the first secondary component and
0 to 5% by weight of a second secondary constituent from one or more substances from the group which contains the metals titanium, zircon, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, copper and zinc, their oxides and their carbides,
and the rest of silver as the main component, which is disclosed in the older, but not prepublished DE-A-38 16 895. According to DE-A-38 16 895, the individual constituents of the composite material are mixed with one another in powder form, pressed into shaped bodies and sintered, that is to say produced by a conventional powder metallurgical process. The composite material cannot be produced by melt metallurgy, because iron is not significantly soluble in silver even in the molten state.
Ein vorveröffentlichter Stand der Technik findet sich in der japanischen Patentanmeldung 79/148 109, welche elek trische Kontaktwerkstoffe offenbart, die neben Silber noch Eisen, Nickel, Chrom und/oder Kobalt enthalten, darunter einen Werkstoff der Zusammensetzung Ag90 Fe10. Die hier in Rede stehenden Kontaktwerkstoffe sollen als Ersatz für herkömmliche Kontaktwerkstoffe aus Silber-Nickel in Niederspannungsschaltgeräten, insbesondere in Motorschützen, zum Einsatz kommen. Man verlangt deshalb von ihnen, dass sie niedrigen Abbrand, geringe Verschweißneigung, gleichbleibend niedrigen Kontaktwiderstand (und damit eine geringe Kontakterwärmung) sowie gute Lichtbogenlöschung miteinander verbinden.A previously published prior art can be found in Japanese patent application 79/148 109, which elec trical contact materials disclosed, which in addition to silver also contain iron, nickel, chromium and / or cobalt, including a material with the composition Ag90 Fe10. The contact materials in question are to be used as replacements for conventional silver-nickel contact materials in low-voltage switchgear, especially in motor contactors. They are therefore expected to combine low burn-up, a low tendency to weld, consistently low contact resistance (and thus low contact heating) and good arc quenching.
Ein Kontaktwerkstoff der Zusammensetzung Ag90 Fe10 zeigt zwar eine geringe Verschweißneigung bei zunächst niedrigem elektrischem Kontaktwiderstand, doch bilden sich im Schaltbetrieb auf den kontaktgebenden Oberflächen zunehmend Eisenoxidschichten, die den Kontaktwiderstand erhöhen und zu einer unerwünschten Erwärmung der Kontaktstücke führen. Um dieser Erhöhung des Kontaktwiderstandes zu entgehen, sind in der DE-A-38 16 895 Zusätze zum Silber-Eisen in geringerer Menge vorgeschlagen, darunter Titan, Tantal, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Zink, Tantaloxid, Molybdänoxid, Wolframoxid und Zinkoxid einzeln oder in Kombination miteinander. Erste Erfahrungen zeigen, dass solche Zusätze in der Tat den Kontaktwiderstand herabsetzen können, ohne die Verschweißneigung zu erhöhen. Es hat sich jedoch auch gezeigt, dass der Kontaktwiderstand trotz dieser Zusätze in ein und demselben Schaltgerät in ein und demselben Kontaktpaar gelegentlich, z.T. auch vorübergehend, wieder ansteigt und unter Dauerstrombedingungen zu einer unerwünschten und von Fall zu Fall auch untragbaren Erwärmung im Schaltgerät führt.Although a contact material with the composition Ag90 Fe10 shows a low tendency to weld with initially low electrical contact resistance, iron oxide layers are increasingly formed on the contacting surfaces during switching operation, which increase the contact resistance and lead to undesired heating of the contact pieces. In order to avoid this increase in contact resistance, DE-A-38 16 895 proposes smaller amounts of silver iron additives, including titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, zinc, tantalum oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide and zinc oxide, individually or in combination with each other. Initial experience shows that such additives can indeed reduce contact resistance without increasing the tendency to weld. However, it has also been shown that the contact resistance despite these additions in one and the same switching device in the same contact pair occasionally, sometimes also temporarily, rises again and, under continuous current conditions, leads to undesirable and in some cases also intolerable heating in the switching device.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Weg zu finden, auf dem die Häufigkeit solcher spontan auftretender Erhöhungen des Kontaktwiderstandes verringert werden kann.The invention has for its object to find a way in which the frequency of such spontaneously occurring increases in contact resistance can be reduced.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by a method with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die Erfinder haben herausgefunden, dass die Häufigkeit der Erhöhung des Kontaktwiderstandes im Schaltbetrieb drastisch reduziert wird, wenn der Verbundwerkstoff nicht nach dem üblichen pulvermetallurgischen Verfahren durch Mischen der für den Verbundwerkstoff vorgesehenen einzelnen Bestandteile in Pulverform mit nachfolgendem Pressen und Sintern hergestellt wird, sondern wenn zunächst aus wenigstens zwei unterschiedlichen Bestandteilen des Verbundwerkstoffs, von denen einer Silber oder Eisen ist, ein Verbundpulver oder - wenn dies bei den gewählten Bestandteilen möglich ist ein Legierungspulver hergestellt und dieses dann mit den ggfs. noch zuzusetzenden restlichen Bestandteilen des Verbundwerkstoffs in Pulverform gemischt, gepreßt und ggfs. gesintert wird. Vermutlich beruht der positive Effekt der Erfindung darauf, dass der Verbundwerkstoff wesentlich homogener aufgebaut ist, wenn man bei seiner Herstellung Pulver einzelner Bestandteile zumindestens teilweise durch ein Legierungspulver oder ein Verbundpulver ersetzt, in welchem zwei oder mehr Bestandteile des Verbundwerkstoffes bereits in feiner, gleichmässiger Verteilung vorliegen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde festgestellt, dass bereits bei einem nur aus Silber und Eisen bestehenden Kontaktwerkstoff eine Verbesserung in den geforderten Kontakteigenschaften erreicht wird, wenn der Kontaktwerkstoff statt aus einer Mischung eines Eisenpulvers mit einem Silberpulver aus einem Eisen-Silber-Verbundpulver hergestellt wird, in dessen Pulverteilchen das Eisen und das Silber in feiner Verteilung nebeneinander vorliegen. Besonders deutlich ist der technische Fortschritt jedoch bei einem Kontaktwerkstoff, welcher den zweiten Nebenbestandteil, der aus einem oder mehreren der Metalle Titan, Zirkon, Niob, Tantal, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan und Zink und/oder ihrer Oxide und/oder ihrer Karbide besteht, als Mußkomponente enthält, und zwar in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 2 Gew.-% bezogen auf den Verbundwerkstoff. Es scheint nämlich so zu sein, dass vor allem eine möglichst feine und gleichmässige Verteilung des zweiten Nebenbestandteils im Verbundwerkstoff einen günstigen Einfluss auf das Erzielen eines gleichbleibend niedrigen Kontaktwiderstandes ausübt. Demgemäß empfehlen wir die folgenden Varianten für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens:
- 1. Es wird ein Legierungs- bzw. Verbundpulver aus dem Silber und dem zweiten Nebenbestandteil hergestellt, mit einem möglichst feinen Eisenpulver gemischt, zu Formlingen gepreßt und gesintert.
- 2. Es wird aus dem Eisen und dem zweiten Nebenbestandteil ein Legierungs- bzw. Verbundpulver hergestellt und mit einem möglichst feinteiligen Silberpulver gemischt, zu Formlingen gepreßt und gesintert.
- 3. Aus dem Silber und einem Teil des zweiten Nebenbestandteils wird ein erstes Legierungs- bzw. Verbundpulver hergestellt. Aus dem Eisen und dem Rest des zweiten Nebenbestandteils wird ein zweites Legierungs- bzw. Verbundpulver hergestellt. Beide Verbundpulver werden miteinander gemischt, zu Formlingen gepreßt und gesintert.
- 4. Es wird ein Verbundpulver hergestellt, welches alle für den Verbundwerkstoff vorgesehenen Bestandteile enthält, zu Formlingen gepreßt und gesintert.
- 1. An alloy or composite powder is produced from the silver and the second secondary component, mixed with the finest possible iron powder, pressed into moldings and sintered.
- 2. An alloy or composite powder is produced from the iron and the second secondary constituent and mixed with the finest possible silver powder, pressed into shaped articles and sintered.
- 3. A first alloy or composite powder is produced from the silver and part of the second secondary component. A second alloy or composite powder is produced from the iron and the rest of the second secondary component. Both composite powders are mixed together, pressed into moldings and sintered.
- 4. A composite powder is produced, which contains all the constituents intended for the composite material, is pressed into shaped articles and is sintered.
Von diesen Verfahrensweisen ist die zuletzt genannte besonders bevorzugt.Of these procedures, the latter is particularly preferred.
Besonders günstig ist es, das Legierungs- bzw. Verbundpulver dadurch herzustellen, dass man in wässriger Lösung vorliegende Verbindungen der für das Legierungs- bzw. Ver bundpulver vorgesehenen Metalle durch das Verfahren der Sprühpyrolyse pyrolytisch zersetzt. Das Verfahren der Sprühpyrolyse ist z.B. in der US-A-3 510 291, in der EP-0 012 202 A1 sowie in der DE-29 29 630 C2 beschrieben. Dabei werden Salze der für das Legierungs- bzw. Verbundpulver vorgesehenen Metalle in einer Flüssigkeit gelöst und die Lösung in einem heißen Reaktor oder in eine Flamme hinein zerstäubt, so dass das Lösungsmittel schlagartig verdampft, und zwar bei einer Temperatur, die unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur der gelösten Metalle liegt. Bei der schlagartigen Verdampfung des Lösungsmittels entstehen Verbundpulverteilchen, in denen die Metalle in sehr feiner und gleichmässiger Verteilung gemischt aneinander gebunden vorliegen. Die Verbundpulver entstehen durch die Sprühpyrolyse zumeist mit Teilchen, die kleiner als 100 µm (Durchmesser) sind. Für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren verwendet man vorzugsweise Pulver, deren Teilchen nicht größer als 40 µm sind. In dem sprühpyrolytisch hergestellten Verbundpulver liegen die einzelnen Bestandteile überwiegend als 0,1 µm bis 1 µm (Durchmesser) große Teilchen vor, welche miteinander verbunden sind. Die Verwendung derartig fein strukturierter Pulverteilchen begünstigt das Ausbilden der erwünschten Eigenschaften der Kontaktstücke (niedriger Abbrand, geringe Verschweißneigung, gleichbleibend geringer Kontaktwiderstand).It is particularly expedient to produce the alloy or composite powder by adding compounds present in aqueous solution for the alloying or ver Metals provided in the powder are pyrolytically decomposed by the process of spray pyrolysis. The method of spray pyrolysis is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,510,291, in EP 0 012 202 A1 and in DE 29 29 630 C2. Salts of the metals intended for the alloy or composite powder are dissolved in a liquid and the solution is atomized in a hot reactor or in a flame, so that the solvent evaporates suddenly, at a temperature below the melting temperature of the dissolved Metals lies. The sudden evaporation of the solvent results in composite powder particles in which the metals are bound together in a very fine and uniform distribution. The composite powders are usually created by spray pyrolysis with particles that are smaller than 100 µm (diameter). For the process according to the invention, preference is given to using powders whose particles are not larger than 40 μm. In the composite powder produced by spray pyrolysis, the individual constituents are predominantly in the form of 0.1 μm to 1 μm (diameter) large particles which are connected to one another. The use of such finely structured powder particles favors the formation of the desired properties of the contact pieces (low erosion, low tendency to weld, consistently low contact resistance).
Ein weiterer Grund für die überraschend günstigen Eigenschaften von erfindungsgemäßen Kontaktstücken, die mit Hilfe eines sprühpyrolytisch hergestellten Verbundpulvers hergestellt wor den sind, liegt vermutlich darin, dass bei der Sprühpyrolyse zwischen den für das Verbundpulver vorgesehenen Bestandteilen, insbesondere zwischen dem Eisen und den Substanzen des zweiten Nebenbestandteils, Wechselwirkungen auftreten, die bei herkömmlicher pulvermetallurgischer Herstellung des Verbundwerkstoffes nicht möglich sind.Another reason for the surprisingly favorable properties of contact pieces according to the invention, which was produced with the aid of a spray-pyrolytically produced composite powder This is probably due to the fact that in the spray pyrolysis interactions occur between the components intended for the composite powder, in particular between the iron and the substances of the second secondary component, which are not possible with conventional powder metallurgical production of the composite material.
Das sprühpyrolytisch hergestellte Verbundpulver kann nicht nur metallische Bestandteile, sondern auch Oxide oder Karbide enthalten, wenn die oxidbildenden oder die karbidbildenden Metalle der zu versprühenden Lösung von vornherein in Form eines löslichen Salzes zugegeben werden. Damit in der heißen Atmosphäre, in welcher die Metallsalzlösung versprüht wird, Oxide bzw. Karbide entstehen, muss die Atmosphäre natürlich freien Sauerstoff oder Sauerstoff in einer reaktionsfähigen Verbindung bzw. eine gasförmige Kohlenstoffverbindung, z.B. einen gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoff, enthalten, mit dem die durch die Sprühpyrolyse zunächst entstehenden, reaktionsfähigen Metalle unter Oxidbildung bzw. Karbidbildung reagieren können. Die gegebenenfalls vorgesehenen oxidischen oder karbidischen Bestandteile bewirken teils eine Erniedrigung der Kontaktstellentemperatur im Schaltbetrieb und teils eine Verlängerung der Lebensdauer der Kontaktstücke nicht nur bei kleiner und mittlerer Strombelastung, sondern auch im Schwerlastbereich, wie er in der IEC-Norm 158-1 für die AC4-Prüfbedingungen festgelegt ist (Ausschaltstrom gleich Einschaltstrom). Molybdänoxid, Molybdänkarbid, Wolframoxid und Wolframkarbid wirken schon in geringen Mengen (größenordnungsmässig ab 0,1 Gew.-%).The spray-pyrolytically produced composite powder can contain not only metallic components, but also oxides or carbides if the oxide-forming or carbide-forming metals are added to the solution to be sprayed from the outset in the form of a soluble salt. In order for oxides or carbides to form in the hot atmosphere in which the metal salt solution is sprayed, the atmosphere must of course contain free oxygen or oxygen in a reactive compound or a gaseous carbon compound, for example a gaseous hydrocarbon, with which the spray pyrolysis is used initially formed, reactive metals can react with the formation of oxide or carbide. The oxidic or carbidic constituents that may be provided bring about, in part, a lowering of the contact point temperature in switching operation and, in part, an extension of the service life of the contact pieces not only in the case of small and medium current loads, but also in the heavy load range, as described in IEC standard 158-1 for AC4 Test conditions is specified (switch-off current equals switch-on current). Molybdenum oxide, molybdenum carbide, tungsten oxide and tungsten carbide work even in small quantities (in the order of magnitude from 0.1% by weight).
Legierungspulver und Verbundpulver, die zur Verwendung im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren infrage kommen, können aber nicht nur durch Sprühpyrolyse, sondern auch auf andere Weise erzeugt werden, beispielsweise durch chemische Mischfällung der für das Legierungs- bzw. Verbundpulver vorgesehenen Metalle aus einer Lösung ihrer Salze oder durch Verdüsen der schmelzflüssigen Metalle. Eine chemische Mischfällung kommt infrage für die Herstellung von Verbundpulvern aus solchen Bestandteilen, die sich in Lösung bringen und unter einander ähnlichen Bedingungen chemisch fällen lassen. Das Verdüsen schmelzflüssiger Metalle kommt in erster Linie infrage zur Herstellung von Legierungs- oder Verbundpulvern aus Metallen, die zumindest in schmelzflüssigem Zustand in den hier interessierenden Mengenverhältnissen ineinander löslich sind, was für Paarungen von Eisen mit den meisten der für den zweiten Nebenbestandteil vorgesehenen Metalle zutrifft; im Silber ist Mangan in einer Menge bis zu einigen Prozent auch fest löslich, wohingegen Titan und Zirkon im Silber zwar nicht in festem Zustand, wohl aber in schmelzflüssigem Zustand bis zu einem gewissen Grade löslich sind. Aus Metallen, die auch in schmelzflüssigem Zustand nicht ineinander löslich sind, läßt sich durch Verdüsen nur dann ein Verbundpulver bilden, wenn man die schmelzflüssigen Metalle durch Rühren intensiv miteinander vermischt oder wenn man die Sprühstrahlen der schmelzflüssigen Metalle einander durchdringen läßt.Alloy powders and composite powders that can be used in the process according to the invention can be produced not only by spray pyrolysis, but also in other ways, for example by chemical mixed precipitation of the metals intended for the alloy or composite powders from a solution of their salts or by atomizing of molten metals. Chemical mixed precipitation is an option for the production of composite powders from components that can be dissolved and chemically precipitated under similar conditions. The atomization of molten metals is primarily considered for the production of alloy or composite powders from metals which are soluble in one another at least in the molten state in the quantitative ratios of interest here, which applies to iron pairings with most of the metals intended for the second secondary constituent; In silver, manganese is also firmly soluble in an amount of up to a few percent, whereas titanium and zircon in silver are not soluble in the solid state, but are to a certain extent soluble in the molten state. From metals which are not soluble in one another even in the molten state, a composite powder can only be formed by atomization if the molten metals are mixed intensively with one another by stirring or if the spray jets of the molten metals are allowed to penetrate one another.
Durch Mischfällung oder Verdüsen gewonnene Legierungs- oder Verbundpulver kann man nachträglich einem Verfahren der inneren Oxidation unterziehen und dadurch ein oxidisches Verbundpulver erzeugen oder einer Karburierung unterziehen und dadurch ein karbidhaltiges Verbundpulver erzeugen.Alloy or composite powders obtained by mixed precipitation or atomization can subsequently be subjected to an internal process Undergo oxidation and thereby produce an oxide composite powder or carburize and thereby produce a carbide-containing composite powder.
- 1. Zur Herstellung eines Halbzeugs aus Silber mit 9,5 Gew.-% Eisen und 0,5 Gew.-% Wolfram wird zunächst ein EisenWolfram-Verbundpulver hergestellt, welches 5 Gew.-% Wolfram enthält, und zwar durch Versprühen einer wässrigen Lösung von Eisen (III)-Chlorid FeCl₃ und Ammoniummetawolframat (NH₄)₆H₂W₁₂O₄₀ in einem auf ca. 950°C aufgeheizten Reaktor mit inerter Atmosphäre, z.B. unter Argon, wobei ein Eisen-Wolfram-Pulver ausfällt in welchem Eisen und Wolfram sehr fein verteilt nebeneinander vorliegen. Anschließend werden 10 Gew.-Teile dieses Pulvers mit 90 Gew.-Teilen eines Silberpulvers mit einer Teilchengröße kleiner als 20 µm eine Stunde lang trocken gemischt, anschließend isostatisch zu Blöcken gepreßt und danach bei einer Temperatur von 1100° K 1,5 Stunden lang gesintert. Der so gebildete Rohling wird vorgewärmt in den Rezipienten einer Strangpresse eingelegt und darin unter Querschnittsverminderung zu einem Strang mit einem Querschnitt von 10 x 75 mm² heiß, bei einer Temperatur von ca. 1120° K stranggepreßt und anschließend durch Warmwalzplattieren auf seine endgültige Dicke von ca. 2 mm herabgewalzt und nach üblichen Verfahren zu Kontaktplättchen weiterverarbeitet, die auf Kontaktträger aufgelötet werden können.1. In order to produce a semi-finished product from silver with 9.5% by weight iron and 0.5% by weight tungsten, an iron-tungsten composite powder is first produced which contains 5% by weight tungsten, by spraying an aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride FeCl₃ and ammonium metatungstate (NH₄) ₆H₂W₁₂O₄₀ in a reactor heated to approx. 950 ° C with an inert atmosphere, for example under argon, an iron-tungsten powder precipitating in which iron and tungsten are very finely distributed next to one another . Then 10 parts by weight of this powder are mixed with 90 parts by weight of a silver powder with a particle size of less than 20 μm dry for one hour, then isostatically pressed into blocks and then sintered at a temperature of 1100 ° K for 1.5 hours . The blank thus formed is preheated and placed in the recipient of an extrusion press and hot therein, reducing the cross-section to a strand with a cross-section of 10 x 75 mm², extruded at a temperature of approx. 1120 ° K and then by hot roll cladding to its final thickness of approx. Rolled down 2 mm and further processed into contact wafers according to customary methods, which can be soldered onto contact carriers.
- 2. Das erste Beispiel wird dahingehend abgewandelt, dass zunächst ein Silber-Wolfram-Verbundpulver der Zusammensetzung 99,45 Gew.-% Silber und 0,55 Gew.-% Wolfram durch Versprühen einer wässrigen Lösung von Silbernitrat AgNO₃ und Ammoniummetawolframat in einem auf ca. 950° C aufgeheizten Reaktor mit inerter Atmosphöre hergestellt wird, wobei ein Silber-Wolfram-Verbundpulver ausfällt, in welchem das Silber und das Wolfram sehr fein verteilt nebeneinander vorliegen. Anschließend werden 90,5 Gew.-Teile dieses Pulvers mit 9,5 Gew.-Teilen eines Eisenpulvers mit einer Teilchengröße kleiner als 10 µm eine Stunde lang trocken gemischt und weiterverarbeitet wie im ersten Beispiel.2. The first example is modified in such a way that first a silver-tungsten composite powder of the composition 99.45 wt .-% silver and 0.55 wt .-% tungsten by spraying an aqueous solution of silver nitrate AgNO₃ and ammonium metatungstate in a to 950 ° C heated reactor is produced with an inert atmosphere, whereby a silver-tungsten composite powder fails, in which the silver and the tungsten are very finely distributed next to each other. 90.5 parts by weight of this powder are then dry mixed with 9.5 parts by weight of an iron powder with a particle size of less than 10 μm and processed as in the first example.
- 3. Das erste Beispiel wird dahingehend abgewandelt, dass ein Verbundpulver der Zusammensetzung 90 Gew.-% Silber mit 9,5 Gew.-% Eisen und 0,5 Gew.-% Wolfram hergestellt wird durch Versprühen einer wässrigen Lösung von Silbernitrat und Eisen (III)-Chlorid und Ammoniummetawolframat in einem auf ca. 950°C aufgeheizten Reaktor mit inerter Atmosphäre. Das dabei ausfallende Verbundpulver enthält Silber, Wolfram und Eisen nebeneinander in sehr feiner Verteilung und wird isostatisch zu Blöcken gepreßt und danach weiterverarbeitet wie im ersten Beispiel.3. The first example is modified in such a way that a composite powder of the composition 90% by weight silver with 9.5% by weight iron and 0.5% by weight tungsten is produced by spraying an aqueous solution of silver nitrate and iron ( III) -chloride and ammonium metatungstate in a reactor heated to approx. 950 ° C. with an inert atmosphere. The resulting composite powder contains silver, tungsten and iron side by side in a very fine distribution and is isostatically pressed into blocks and then further processed as in the first example.
- 4. Zur Herstellung eines Verbundwerkstoffes aus Silber mit 9 Gew.-% Eisen, 0,5 Gew.-% Zink und 0,5 Gew.-% Kupfer wird zunächst ein Verbundpulver aus Eisen mit 0,55 Gew.-% Kupfer hergestellt durch Versprühen einer wässrigen Lösung von Eisen-(III)-Chlorid und Kupfernitrat Cu(H₂O)₄(NO₃)₂ in einem auf ca. 950° C aufgeheizten Reaktor mit inerter Atmosphäre. Dabei fällt ein Eisen-Kupfer-Pulver aus, in welchem das Eisen und das Kupfer sehr fein verteilt nebeneinander vorliegen. Anschließend werden 90 Gew.-Teile eines Silberpulvers mit einer Teilchengröße kleiner als 20 µm, 0,5 Gew.-Teile eines Zinkpulvers mit einer Teilchengröße kleiner als 10 µm sowie 9,5 Gew.-Teile des Eisen-Kupfer-Pulvers eine Stunde lang trocken miteinander gemischt und dann weiterverarbeitet wie im ersten Beispiel.4. To produce a composite material made of silver with 9% by weight of iron, 0.5% by weight of zinc and 0.5% by weight of copper, a composite powder of iron with 0.55% by weight of copper is first used prepared by spraying an aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride and copper nitrate Cu (H₂O) ₄ (NO₃) ₂ in a reactor heated to approx. 950 ° C with an inert atmosphere. An iron-copper powder precipitates, in which the iron and copper are very finely distributed next to one another. Then 90 parts by weight of a silver powder with a particle size less than 20 microns, 0.5 parts by weight of a zinc powder with a particle size less than 10 microns and 9.5 parts by weight of the iron-copper powder for one hour dry mixed together and then processed as in the first example.
Claims (12)
5 bis 50 Gew.-% Eisen als erstem Nebenbestandteil und
0 bis 5 Gew.-% eines zweiten Nebenbestandteils aus einer oder mehreren Substanzen aus der Gruppe, welche die Metalle Titan, Zirkon, Niob, Tantal, Molybdän, Wolfram, Mangan, Kupfer und Zink sowie ihre Oxide und ihre Karbide enthält,
und zum Rest aus Silber als Hauptbestandteil,
durch Herstellen eines Verbundpulvers bzw. - wenn möglich - eines Legierungspulvers aus wenigstens zwei unterschiedlichen der für den Verbundwerkstoff vorgesehenen Bestandteile, von denen einer Silber oder Eisen ist,
Mischen des Verbund- bzw. Legierungspulvers mit den ggfs. vorhandenen restlichen Bestandteilen des Verbundwerkstoffs in Pulverform,
und Pressen des Verbundpulvers bzw. der Pulvermischung zur Bildung von Formkörpern aus dem Verbundwerkstoff.1. Powder metallurgical process for producing a semi-finished product for electrical contacts from a composite material based on silver
5 to 50 wt .-% iron as the first secondary component and
0 to 5% by weight of a second secondary component from one or more substances from the group which contains the metals titanium, zircon, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, copper and zinc and their oxides and carbides,
and the rest of silver as the main ingredient,
by producing a composite powder or - if possible - an alloy powder from at least two different components intended for the composite material, one of which is silver or iron,
Mixing the composite or alloy powder with any remaining components of the composite material in powder form,
and pressing the composite powder or the powder mixture to form moldings from the composite material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3812686 | 1988-04-16 | ||
DE3812686 | 1988-04-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0338401A1 true EP0338401A1 (en) | 1989-10-25 |
EP0338401B1 EP0338401B1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
Family
ID=6352116
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89106490A Expired - Lifetime EP0338401B1 (en) | 1988-04-16 | 1989-04-12 | Powder-metallurgical process for the production of a semi-finished product for electrical contacts made from a composite material based on silver and iron |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0338401B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE58909449D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2080052T3 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1992022079A1 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1992-12-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Silver-based contact material for use in power-engineering switchgear, and a method of manufacturing contacts made of this material |
WO2006010572A1 (en) * | 2004-07-24 | 2006-02-02 | Ami Doduco Gmbh | Arc splitter for an arcing chamber |
JP2010280971A (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-16 | Mabuchi Motor Co Ltd | Sliding contact material, clad composite material and motor |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102114546A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-07-06 | 兰州金川新材料科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing spherical silver powder |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE643567C (en) * | 1931-12-25 | 1937-04-12 | Molybdenum Comp Nv | Process for the production of two- or multi-substance bodies |
GB563511A (en) * | 1942-02-25 | 1944-08-17 | Mallory Metallurg Prod Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electric contacting elements |
DE888178C (en) * | 1943-04-04 | 1953-08-31 | Degussa | Contact material made of metals with good electrical conductivity and a hard material component produced by powder metallurgy |
GB771705A (en) * | 1954-05-14 | 1957-04-03 | Gen Electric | Improvements in electrical contact material and methods of making it |
DE1029571B (en) * | 1956-07-13 | 1958-05-08 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a sintered composite material, in particular for electrical contacts |
GB1489545A (en) * | 1976-05-20 | 1977-10-19 | Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Electrical contact materials for vacuum switches |
EP0012202A1 (en) * | 1978-12-14 | 1980-06-25 | DORNIER SYSTEM GmbH | Process for producing metallic powders |
DE2929630A1 (en) * | 1979-07-21 | 1981-01-29 | Dornier System Gmbh | MATERIAL POWDER FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
YU46258B (en) * | 1987-06-06 | 1993-05-28 | Degussa Ag. | APPLICATION OF SILVER IRON MATERIAL FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACTS |
-
1989
- 1989-04-12 DE DE58909449T patent/DE58909449D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-12 EP EP89106490A patent/EP0338401B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-12 ES ES89106490T patent/ES2080052T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE643567C (en) * | 1931-12-25 | 1937-04-12 | Molybdenum Comp Nv | Process for the production of two- or multi-substance bodies |
GB563511A (en) * | 1942-02-25 | 1944-08-17 | Mallory Metallurg Prod Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electric contacting elements |
DE888178C (en) * | 1943-04-04 | 1953-08-31 | Degussa | Contact material made of metals with good electrical conductivity and a hard material component produced by powder metallurgy |
GB771705A (en) * | 1954-05-14 | 1957-04-03 | Gen Electric | Improvements in electrical contact material and methods of making it |
DE1029571B (en) * | 1956-07-13 | 1958-05-08 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a sintered composite material, in particular for electrical contacts |
GB1489545A (en) * | 1976-05-20 | 1977-10-19 | Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Electrical contact materials for vacuum switches |
EP0012202A1 (en) * | 1978-12-14 | 1980-06-25 | DORNIER SYSTEM GmbH | Process for producing metallic powders |
DE2929630A1 (en) * | 1979-07-21 | 1981-01-29 | Dornier System Gmbh | MATERIAL POWDER FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1992022079A1 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1992-12-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Silver-based contact material for use in power-engineering switchgear, and a method of manufacturing contacts made of this material |
US5422065A (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1995-06-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Silver-based contact material for use in power-engineering switchgear, and a method of manufacturing contacts made of this material |
WO2006010572A1 (en) * | 2004-07-24 | 2006-02-02 | Ami Doduco Gmbh | Arc splitter for an arcing chamber |
JP2010280971A (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-16 | Mabuchi Motor Co Ltd | Sliding contact material, clad composite material and motor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2080052T3 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
EP0338401B1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
DE58909449D1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69032065T2 (en) | Composite of silver and metal oxide and method of manufacturing the same | |
DE2659012C3 (en) | Process for producing a sintered contact material from silver and embedded metal oxides | |
DE2922075C2 (en) | Contact material for a vacuum interrupter | |
EP0440620B1 (en) | Semifinished product for electrical contacts, made of a composite material based on silver and tin oxide, and powder metallurgical process for producing it | |
DE2411322C2 (en) | Silver metal oxide material for electrical contacts | |
DE19535814C2 (en) | Material for making electrical contacts based on silver | |
EP0645049B1 (en) | Material for electrical contacts based on silver-tin oxide or silver-zinc oxide | |
EP0586410B1 (en) | Silver-based contact material for use in power-engineering switchgear, and a method of manufacturing contacts made of this material | |
DE3421758A1 (en) | SINTER CONTACT MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF | |
DE3911904A1 (en) | Powder-metallurgical process for producing a semifinished product for electric contacts from a silver-based composite with iron | |
DE2011002A1 (en) | Silver metal oxide material for use in contact pieces and process for its manufacture | |
EP0725154B1 (en) | Sintered material based on silver-tinoxide for electrical contacts and process for its production | |
WO1992022079A1 (en) | Silver-based contact material for use in power-engineering switchgear, and a method of manufacturing contacts made of this material | |
EP0660964B2 (en) | Material for electric contacts based on silver-tin oxide or silver-zinc oxide and process for its production | |
EP0338401B1 (en) | Powder-metallurgical process for the production of a semi-finished product for electrical contacts made from a composite material based on silver and iron | |
DE2824117A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING ANISOTROPIC SINTER COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH ORIENTATIONAL STRUCTURE | |
DE4319137A1 (en) | Material for electrical contacts consisting of silver@ or silver@-alloy matrix - incorporate tin oxide and other oxide(s) and carbide(s), has longer service life but is less brittle than other materials | |
EP0876670B1 (en) | Method of producing a shaped part from a silver-based contact material | |
EP0311134B1 (en) | Powder-metallurgically produced electrical contact material comprising silver and graphite, and process for producing it | |
DE1139281B (en) | Composite material for electrical contacts | |
DE2260559C3 (en) | Method for producing a composite material for electrical contacts, in particular in high-voltage engineering | |
DE2463019C2 (en) | Silver metal oxide material for electrical contacts produced by internal oxidation | |
DE19608490C1 (en) | Contact material made of silver and active components, molded part made therefrom and process for producing the molded part | |
WO1998006119A1 (en) | Method of producing a product from a silver-based contact material, contact material and product produced therefrom | |
DD209317A1 (en) | CONTACT MATERIAL FOR VACUUM SWITCHES AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19900414 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19920311 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 58909449 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19951102 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19951127 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2080052 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19960430 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19960430 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20020405 Year of fee payment: 14 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20020405 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20020416 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20020424 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: PC2A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030412 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030414 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031101 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20030412 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031231 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20030414 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050412 |