EP0012202A1 - Process for producing metallic powders - Google Patents
Process for producing metallic powders Download PDFInfo
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- EP0012202A1 EP0012202A1 EP79104211A EP79104211A EP0012202A1 EP 0012202 A1 EP0012202 A1 EP 0012202A1 EP 79104211 A EP79104211 A EP 79104211A EP 79104211 A EP79104211 A EP 79104211A EP 0012202 A1 EP0012202 A1 EP 0012202A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1026—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a solution or a suspension of (a) compound(s) of at least one of the alloy constituents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
- B22F9/26—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions using gaseous reductors
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- Metal alloys are usually produced by melt metallurgy, i.e. melts of the metals involved are produced and mixed in the desired ratio or one alloy partner is melted in the melt of the other.
- melt metallurgical production of alloys is also very difficult if the vapor pressures of the alloy partners are very different at a certain temperature, since the evaporation of one alloy partner may then already take place at temperatures at which another alloy partner is not yet molten. In this case, the melt metallurgical alloy production must be carried out under pressure in order to prevent evaporation. If there are large differences in the melting temperatures of the alloy partners, this process cannot be carried out for technical reasons.
- the alloy is usually produced by powder metallurgy.
- powders of the alloy partners that are as fine as possible are mixed, compressed by pressing and subjected to a heat treatment at temperatures below the melting point. Alloy formation takes place by interdiffusion of the individual alloy components. The production of homogeneous alloys with this process is difficult if the diffusion rate of the alloy partners is very low.
- the production of certain, pure alloy phases e.g. not possible with intermetallic compounds if other stable intermetallic phases can form that lead to final layers and thus prevent further alloying to the desired phase.
- the figure shows the phase diagram from Nb - Al according to Ch.E. Lundin, A.S. Yamamoto, Trans. AIME 236 (1966) 863.
- the production of the stoichiometric phase A15 is not possible by melt metallurgy (vertical line), since the solid A2 phase forms when the liquidus line is reached and the melt depletes the niobium on further cooling. In the cooled state, there is a mixture of A2 and possibly A15 phase which does not completely convert into the stoichiometric A15 phase corresponding to the overall composition, since the other phases represent stable, intermetallic compounds.
- the A2 phase forms on the niobium-rich side and the A15 phase or phase on the Al-rich side.
- the stability of these phases prevents complete further alloying to the desired A15 phase.
- Another difficulty in alloy production is the achievement of a homogeneous distribution of additional elements that are to be introduced into the alloy either additively or substitutionally.
- This class of metal compounds includes, for example, the ternary molybdenum sulfides (Chevrel phases) such as Pb Mo 6 S 8 , which have superconducting properties.
- Calciothermal process Reduction of a mixture of rare earth oxides and cobalt oxide with the help of metallic calcium.
- the alloy partners are alloyed in a closed tube with a tenfold excess of mercury at high temperature and the mercury is then distilled off.
- the second step in the manufacture of metal powders is the conversion of the metal, alloy or metal compound into powder form.
- a commonly used manufacturing process for manufacturing press. and sinterable metal powder is the atomization of the metallic melt with subsequent cooling in water, air or on a cold surface. This manufacturing process is limited to systems that can be produced by melt metallurgy.
- Alloys produced by melt metallurgy or powder metallurgy can also be powdered in a conventional manner by grinding.
- undesirable side effects often occur, such as the formation of lattice defects, e.g. are responsible for a drastic reduction in the coercive force in the case of magnetic alloys.
- the object of the invention is to produce metallic powders, alloy powders or powders from metal compounds which are distinguished by a high degree of homogeneity of the element distribution in the macroscopic (microstructural structure) and microscopic (atomic) range and Sauer contain at most as an impurity.
- the method according to the invention is based on the production of a common solution of compounds of the metallic and / or non-metallic constituents in an organic or inorganic solvent and the heat treatment of this common solution (by atomization into a reaction vessel) with the exclusion of oxygen and with the addition of hydrogen or other reducing gases.
- powders are made from pure metals, from metal alloys, from mixtures of metallic phases or from metal compounds by atomizing a common solution of the metal components or connection partners together with a reducing gas into a hot reactor , the metals or metal compounds forming directly after evaporation or after decomposition of the solvent.
- the process according to the invention is carried out in such a way that oxidation of the metals is prevented.
- the use of an aqueous solution of metal salts is possible if the oxygen partial pressure is added by adding a reducing gas such as H 2 or CO is kept so low in the reaction space that oxidation is prevented.
- a reducing gas such as H 2 or CO
- the oxygen partial pressure is set so that even the most base alloy component is not oxidized.
- Oxygen-free solvents are e.g. Carbon tetrachloride, pyridine, benzene or liquid ammonia
- oxygen-free soluble compounds of metals are e.g. the anhydrous metal halides or certain organometallic compounds, e.g. the metal ethylene.
- liquid, oxygen-free metal compounds without additional solvents is also possible. This applies e.g. for tin tetrabutyl, which is liquid at room temperature.
- the method according to the invention has particular advantages in the production of metallic alloys.
- the advantages result from the fact that the homogeneous distribution of the alloy partners in the common solution is practically retained during the thermal decomposition process of the individual droplets, so that the element distribution in the resulting solid particles is homogeneous and the proportions correspond to the ratio of the metal proportions in the common solution .
- the formation of undesired alloy phases is ver prevents; only the phase that corresponds to the ratio of the alloy partners used is formed. This is important, for example, for superconducting, intermetallic compounds, for magnetic alloys (rare earth cobalt compounds), hydrogen-storing, intermetallic compounds.
- the reaction temperature is chosen so that the metal alloy does not form molten phases. For this reason, the temperature in the production of phase A 15 must be below 1870 ° C. according to the figure.
- the reaction temperature may be higher than the melting temperature of the lowest melting alloy partner if no liquid phases occur at the reaction temperature in the selected alloy composition.
- the method according to the invention is also very suitable for the production of metal powder with a dispersed phase from metal oxides.
- the oxide particles are e.g. used as bearing materials, contact materials or high-temperature materials.
- the oxide particles In order to achieve the desired material properties, the oxide particles must be very fine precipitates ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ m)
- cermets according to the invention is carried out by adding a soluble metal compound of the desired oxide to the dissolved compounds of the merall matrix and subsequent heat treatment, for example by spraying the common solution into a hot reactor, the oxygen partial pressure in the reaction vessel having to be set such that only the dispersion oxide but does not form the oxide of the metal matrix. This procedure is only applicable if the matrix metal is nobler than the metal of the dispersion oxide.
- a variant for the production of cermets is the use of suspensions of the dispersion oxide, which is added to the solution of the matrix metal, and the spraying of this mixture into the reactor.
- the process is also suitable for the production of metal powders from various metallic components that are not soluble in one another in the solid or molten phase (e.g. Ag - Ni). They are produced by heat treatment of a common solution, with the various metal phases forming in a very homogeneous distribution.
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Abstract
Description
Die Herstellung metallischer Pulver kann in zwei Teilschritte zerlegt werden, die bei bisher technisch üblichen Herstellungsverfahren auch voneinander getrennt durchgeführt werden.
- 1. Legierungsbildung
- 2. Überführen der Legierung in Pulverform
- 1. Alloy formation
- 2. Transfer the alloy into powder form
Die Herstellung von Metallegierungen erfolgt üblicherweise schmelzmetallurgisch, d.h. es werden Schmelzen der beteiligten Metalle hergestellt und im gewünschten Verhältnis gemischt oder es werden die einen Legierungspartner in der Schmelze der anderen aufgeschmolzen.Metal alloys are usually produced by melt metallurgy, i.e. melts of the metals involved are produced and mixed in the desired ratio or one alloy partner is melted in the melt of the other.
Wenn vollständige Mischbarkeit der schmelzflüssigen Phasen vorliegt, ist mit diesem Verfahren eine homogene Schmelze erzielbar, da die Durchmischung in der flüssigen Phase sehr effektiv ist.If there is complete miscibility of the molten phases, a homogeneous melt can be achieved with this method, since the mixing in the liquid phase is very effective.
Beim Erstarren einer Legierungsschmelze erfolgt normalerweise eine Konzentrationsveränderung der Legierungsbestandteile in der festen Phase gegenüber der flüssigen Phase.When an alloy melt solidifies, there is normally a change in the concentration of the alloy components in the solid phase compared to the liquid phase.
Je nach Gestalt des Phasendiagramms kann dadurch die Herstellung bestimmter Legierungszusammensetzungen auf schmelzmetallurgischem Wege unmöglich sein. Darauf wird später.anhand von Beispielen aus dem Bereich der intermetallischen Verbindungen eingegangen.Depending on the shape of the phase diagram, the production of certain alloy compositions by melt metallurgy may be impossible. This will be discussed later using examples from the field of intermetallic compounds.
Die schmelzmetallurgische Herstellung von Legierungen ist auch dann stark erschwert, wenn die Dampfdrucke der Legierungspartner bei einer bestimmten Temperatur sehr unterschiedlich sind, da dann unter Umständen die Verdampfung des einen Legierungspartners bereits bei Temperaturen erfolgt, bei denen ein anderer Legierungspartner noch nicht schmelzflüssig ist. Die schmelzmetallurgische Legierungsherstellung muss in diesem Fall unter Druck durchgeführt werden, um die Verdampfung zu verhindern. Bei grossen Unterschieden in den Schmelztemperaturen der Legierungspartner ist dieses Verfahren aus technischen Gründen nicht durchführbar.The melt metallurgical production of alloys is also very difficult if the vapor pressures of the alloy partners are very different at a certain temperature, since the evaporation of one alloy partner may then already take place at temperatures at which another alloy partner is not yet molten. In this case, the melt metallurgical alloy production must be carried out under pressure in order to prevent evaporation. If there are large differences in the melting temperatures of the alloy partners, this process cannot be carried out for technical reasons.
In solchen Fällen, und auch in Fällen unvollständiger Mischbarkeit in der flüssigen und festen Phase, wird üblicherweise die Legierung pulvermetallurgisch hergestellt. Zu diesem Zweck werden möglichst feine Pulver der Legierungspartner gemischt, durch Pressen verdichtet und einer Wärmebehandlung bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Schmelzpunkts unterzogen. Die Legierungsbildung erfolgt-dabei durch Interdiffusion der einzelnen Legierungsbestandteile. Die Herstellung homogener Legierungen mit diesem Verfahren ist dann erschwert, wenn die Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit der Legierungspartner sehr klein ist. Darüberhinaus ist die Herstellung bestimmter, reiner Legierungsphasen z.B. bei intermetallischen Verbindungen dann nicht möglich, wenn sich andere stabile intermetallische Phasen bilden können, die zu abschließenden Schichten führen und somit die Weiterlegierung bis zur gewünschten Phase verhindern.In such cases, and also in cases of incomplete miscibility in the liquid and solid phases, the alloy is usually produced by powder metallurgy. For this purpose, powders of the alloy partners that are as fine as possible are mixed, compressed by pressing and subjected to a heat treatment at temperatures below the melting point. Alloy formation takes place by interdiffusion of the individual alloy components. The production of homogeneous alloys with this process is difficult if the diffusion rate of the alloy partners is very low. In addition, the production of certain, pure alloy phases e.g. not possible with intermetallic compounds if other stable intermetallic phases can form that lead to final layers and thus prevent further alloying to the desired phase.
Die Problematik, derartige intermetallische Verbindungen in reiner Form mit konventionellen Verfahren herzustellen, wird anhand der Figur erläutert.The problem of producing such intermetallic compounds in pure form using conventional methods is explained with the aid of the figure.
Die Figur zeigt das Phasen-diagramm von Nb - Al nach Ch.E. Lundin, A.S. Yamamoto, Trans. AIME 236 (1966) 863.The figure shows the phase diagram from Nb - Al according to Ch.E. Lundin, A.S. Yamamoto, Trans. AIME 236 (1966) 863.
Die Herstellung der stöchiometrischen Phase A15 ist schmelzmetallurgisch nicht möglich (senkrechte Linie), da beim Erreichen der Liquiduslinie sich die feste A2-Phase bildet und bei weiterem Abkühlen die Schmelze an Niob verarmt. Im erkalteten Zustand liegt eine Mischung von A2-und evtl. A15-Phase vor, die sich nicht vollständig in die der Gesamtzusammensetzung entsprechenden stöchiometrischen A15-Phase umwandelt, da die anderen Phasen stabile, intermetallische Verbindungen darstellen.The production of the stoichiometric phase A15 is not possible by melt metallurgy (vertical line), since the solid A2 phase forms when the liquidus line is reached and the melt depletes the niobium on further cooling. In the cooled state, there is a mixture of A2 and possibly A15 phase which does not completely convert into the stoichiometric A15 phase corresponding to the overall composition, since the other phases represent stable, intermetallic compounds.
Bei pulvermetallurgischer Legierungsherstellung (waagrechte Linie) bildet sich auf der Niob-reichen Seite die A2-Phase und auf der Al-reichen Seite die A15-Phase bzw. die -Phase. Die Stabilität dieser Phasen verhindert die vollständige Weiterlegierung zur gewünschten A15-Phase.In powder metallurgical alloy production (horizontal line), the A2 phase forms on the niobium-rich side and the A15 phase or phase on the Al-rich side. The stability of these phases prevents complete further alloying to the desired A15 phase.
Eine ähnliche Problematik bei der Herstellung reiner intermetallischer Verbindungen besteht z.B. für die magnetischen Seltenerd-Kobalt-Verbindungen.A similar problem in the production of pure intermetallic compounds is e.g. for the rare earth cobalt magnetic compounds.
Eine weitere Schwierigkeit bei der Legierungsherstellung ist das Erreichen einer homogenen Verteilung von Zusatzelementen, die entweder additiv oder substitutionell in die Legierung eingebracht werden sollen.Another difficulty in alloy production is the achievement of a homogeneous distribution of additional elements that are to be introduced into the alloy either additively or substitutionally.
Allen Legierungsmethoden gemeinsam ist die Notwendigkeit des Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffausschlusses bei der Legierungsherstellung, um die Oxidation oder Nitrierung der Legierungspartner zu verhindern. Dies ist umso wichtiger, je höher die Bildungsenthalpie der Metalloxide ist, da die Reduktion von Metalloxiden wie Al2O3, Sm2 03 z.B. mit H2 oder CO nicht möglich ist und daher die Oxidbildung bei der Legierungsherstellung vermieden werden muss.Common to all alloying methods is the need to exclude oxygen and nitrogen from the alloy production to prevent oxidation or nitriding of the alloy partners. This is the more important the higher the enthalpy of formation of the metal oxides, since the reduction of metal oxides such as Al 2 O 3 ,
Der Sauerstoffausschluss ist auch bei der Herstellung von Metall-Nichtmetall-Verbindungen (ausser Oxide) wichtig, um die konkurrierende Oxidbildung zu verhindern. Zu dieser Metall-Verbindungsklasse gehören z.B. die ternären Molybdän-Sulfide (Chevrel-Phasen) wie Pb Mo6 S8, die supraleitende Eigenschaften aufweisen.Exclusion of oxygen is also important in the production of metal-non-metal compounds (except oxides) in order to prevent competing oxide formation. This class of metal compounds includes, for example, the ternary molybdenum sulfides (Chevrel phases) such as Pb Mo 6 S 8 , which have superconducting properties.
In der Literatur werden verschiedene, über die konventionellen Verfahren hinausgehende Methoden zur Legierungsherstellung beschrieben.Various methods of alloy production that go beyond conventional processes are described in the literature.
C.Herget und H.G. Domazer beschreiben in "Goldschmidt informiert ...." 4/75 Nr. 35 verschiedene Methoden zur Herstellung von Seltenerd-Kobalt-hegierungen.C.Herget and H.G. Domazer describes in "Goldschmidt informed ...." 4/75 No. 35 different methods for the production of rare earth cobalt alloys.
Kalziothermische Verfahren: Reduktion eines Gemisches von seltenen Erdoxiden und Cobaltoxid mit Hilfe von metallischem Kalzium.Calciothermal process: Reduction of a mixture of rare earth oxides and cobalt oxide with the help of metallic calcium.
Schichtlegierung durch gemeinsames Sputtern oder Plasmaspritzen.der Legierungspartner, wobei dünne Schichten von Legierungen hergestellt werden.Layer alloy by joint sputtering or plasma spraying. The alloy partner, whereby thin layers of alloys are produced.
Die Legierungspartner werden in einem geschlossenen Rohr mit einem zehnfachen filberschuss an Quecksilber bei hoher Temperatur legiert und das Quecksilber dann abdestilliert.The alloy partners are alloyed in a closed tube with a tenfold excess of mercury at high temperature and the mercury is then distilled off.
Die Versuche zur Legierungsherstellung durch Elektrolyse organischer Lösungen waren erfolglos.The attempts to produce alloys by electrolysis of organic solutions have been unsuccessful.
D.Dew-Hughes beschreibt in "Cryogenics" August 1979 Seite 435 die Herstellung supraleitender A15-Legierungen durch einen CVD-Prozess. Dabei werden gasförmige Chloride der Legierungspartner durch Reduktion mit H2 aus der Gasphase als dünne Schicht abgeschieden.D.Dew-Hughes describes in "Cryogenics" August 1979 page 435 the manufacture of superconducting A15 alloys by a CVD process. Gaseous chlorides of the alloy partners are separated from the gas phase as a thin layer by reduction with H 2 .
Der zweite Schritt bei der Herstellung von Metallpulvern ist die Überführung des Metalls, der Legierung oder der Metallverbindung in Pulverform.The second step in the manufacture of metal powders is the conversion of the metal, alloy or metal compound into powder form.
Ein häufig angewandtes Herstellungsverfahren zur Herstellung press-. und sinterfähiger Metallpulver ist das Verdüsen der metallischen Schmelze mit anschliessender Abkühlung in Wasser, Luft oder auf einer kalten Unterlage. Dieses Herstellungsverfahren ist auf solche Systeme beschränkt, die schmelzmetallurgisch herstellbar sind.A commonly used manufacturing process for manufacturing press. and sinterable metal powder is the atomization of the metallic melt with subsequent cooling in water, air or on a cold surface. This manufacturing process is limited to systems that can be produced by melt metallurgy.
Schmelzmetallurgisch oder pulvermetallurgisch hergestellte Legierungen können auch auf konventionelle Weise durch Mahlen in Pulverform gebracht werden. Dabei treten jedoch häufig unerwünschte Nebeneffekte auf, wie z.B. die Bildung von Gitterfehlern, die z.B. im Fall von Magnetlegierungen für eine drastische Verringerung der Koerzitivfeldstärke verantwortlich sind.Alloys produced by melt metallurgy or powder metallurgy can also be powdered in a conventional manner by grinding. However, undesirable side effects often occur, such as the formation of lattice defects, e.g. are responsible for a drastic reduction in the coercive force in the case of magnetic alloys.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, metallische Pulver, Legierungspulver oder Pulver aus Metallverbindungen herzustellen, die sich durch eine grosse Homogenität der Elementverteilung im makroskopischen (Gefügestruktur) und mikroskopischen (atomaren) Bereich auszeichnen und Sauerstoff allenfalls als Verunreinigung enthalten.The object of the invention is to produce metallic powders, alloy powders or powders from metal compounds which are distinguished by a high degree of homogeneity of the element distribution in the macroscopic (microstructural structure) and microscopic (atomic) range and Sauer contain at most as an impurity.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren beruht auf der Herstellung einer gemeinsamen Lösung von Verbindungen der metallischen und/oder nichtmetallischen Bestandteile in einem organischen oder anorganischen Lösungsmittel und der Wärmebehandlung dieser gemeinsamen Lösung (durch Zerstäuben in ein Reaktionsgefäss) unter Sauerstoffausschluss und unter Zuführung von Wasserstoff oder anderen reduzierenden Gasen.The method according to the invention is based on the production of a common solution of compounds of the metallic and / or non-metallic constituents in an organic or inorganic solvent and the heat treatment of this common solution (by atomization into a reaction vessel) with the exclusion of oxygen and with the addition of hydrogen or other reducing gases.
Beim Gegenstand der Erfindung werden Pulver (Partikelgröße 1 - 20 µm) aus reinen Metallen, aus Metallegierungen, aus Mischungen von metallischen Phasen oder aus Metallverbindungen dadurch hergestellt, dass eine gemeinsame Lösung der Metallkomponenten oder Verbindungspartner gemeinsam mit einem reduzierenden Gas in einen heissen Reaktor zerstäubt wird, wobei sich nach Verdampfen oder nach Zersetzung des Lösungsmittels direkt die Metalle oder Metallverbindungen bilden. Durch Wahl von Art und Menge des Lösungsmittels, der löslichen Metallverbindungen sowie des Reduktionsgases wird der Prozess erfindungsgemäss so geführt, dass eine Oxidation,der Metalle verhindert wird.In the subject matter of the invention, powders (particle size 1-20 μm) are made from pure metals, from metal alloys, from mixtures of metallic phases or from metal compounds by atomizing a common solution of the metal components or connection partners together with a reducing gas into a hot reactor , the metals or metal compounds forming directly after evaporation or after decomposition of the solvent. By selecting the type and amount of the solvent, the soluble metal compounds and the reducing gas, the process according to the invention is carried out in such a way that oxidation of the metals is prevented.
Bei relativ edlen Metallen mit kleiner freier Bildungsenthalpie der Oxide, wie z.B. Cu, Ni oder Co ist die Verwendung einer wässrigen Lösung von Metallsalzen (Chloriden, Nitraten etc.) möglich, wenn durch Zusatz eines reduzierenden Gases, wie z.B. H2 oder CO der Sauerstoffpartialdruck im Reaktionsraum so niedrig gehalten wird, dass die Oxidation verhindert wird. Die erforderlichen Mengen der reduzierenden Gase sind aus den thermodynamischen Daten zu errechnen.In the case of relatively noble metals with a small free enthalpy of formation of the oxides, such as Cu, Ni or Co, the use of an aqueous solution of metal salts (chlorides, nitrates etc.) is possible if the oxygen partial pressure is added by adding a reducing gas such as H 2 or CO is kept so low in the reaction space that oxidation is prevented. The required quantities of reducing gases have to be calculated from the thermodynamic data.
Bei der Herstellung von Metallegierungen mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren wird der Sauerstoffpartialdruck so eingestellt, dass auch die unedelste Legierungskomponente nicht oxidiert wird.In the production of metal alloys using the method according to the invention, the oxygen partial pressure is set so that even the most base alloy component is not oxidized.
Dies erfordert im Falle von sehr unedlen Metallen, wie z.B. Al, Zr, Mg etc., die Verwendung von sauerstofffreien Lösungsmitteln und sauerstofffreien löslichen Verbindungen der Metalle sowie den Zusatz von möglichst trockenem und sauerstofffreiem Wasserstoff.This requires in the case of very base metals, e.g. Al, Zr, Mg etc., the use of oxygen-free solvents and oxygen-free soluble compounds of the metals, and the addition of as dry and oxygen-free hydrogen as possible.
Sauerstofffreie Lösungsmittel sind z.B. Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, Pyridin, Benzol oder flüssiges Ammoniak, sauerstofffreie lösliche Verbindungen von Metallen sind z.B. die wasserfreien Metallhalogenide oder bestimmte metallorganische Verbindungen, wie z.B. die Metalläthyle.Oxygen-free solvents are e.g. Carbon tetrachloride, pyridine, benzene or liquid ammonia, oxygen-free soluble compounds of metals are e.g. the anhydrous metal halides or certain organometallic compounds, e.g. the metal ethylene.
Teilweise ist auch die Verwendung von flüssigen, sauerstofffreien Metallverbindungen ohne zusätzliches Lösungsmittel mögliche Dies gilt z.B. für Zinn-Tetrabutyl, das bei Zimmertemperatur flüssig ist. Andere, bei Raumtemperatur feste Verbindungen, wie z.B. Tetraphenyl-Zinn, können bei erhöhter Temperatur in flüssiger Form ohne Zusatz von Lösungsmittel zerstäubt werden.In some cases, the use of liquid, oxygen-free metal compounds without additional solvents is also possible. This applies e.g. for tin tetrabutyl, which is liquid at room temperature. Other compounds that are solid at room temperature, e.g. Tetraphenyl tin, can be atomized at elevated temperature in liquid form without the addition of solvents.
Besondere Vorteile besitzt das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren bei der Herstellung von metallischen Legierungen. Die Vorteile ergeben sich aus der Tatsache, dass die homogene Verteilung der Legierungspartner in der gemeinsamen Lösung beim thermischen Zersetzungsprozess der einzelnen Tröpfchen praktisch erhalten bleibt, so dass die Elementverteilung in den entstehenden Feststoffpartikeln homogen ist und die Mengenanteile dem Verhältnis der Metallanteile in der gemeinsamen Lösung entsprechen. Auf diese Weise wird z.B. die Entstehung von unerwünschten Legierungsphasen verhindert; es bildet sich ausschliesslich diejenige Phase, die dem Verhältnis der eingesetzten Legierungspartner entspricht. Dies ist beispielsweise für supraleitende, intermetallische Verbindungen, für Magnetlegierungen (Seltenerd-Cobalt-Verbindungen), wasserstoffspeichernde, intermetallische Verbindungen wichtig.The method according to the invention has particular advantages in the production of metallic alloys. The advantages result from the fact that the homogeneous distribution of the alloy partners in the common solution is practically retained during the thermal decomposition process of the individual droplets, so that the element distribution in the resulting solid particles is homogeneous and the proportions correspond to the ratio of the metal proportions in the common solution . In this way, the formation of undesired alloy phases is ver prevents; only the phase that corresponds to the ratio of the alloy partners used is formed. This is important, for example, for superconducting, intermetallic compounds, for magnetic alloys (rare earth cobalt compounds), hydrogen-storing, intermetallic compounds.
Die Reaktionstemperatur wird so gewählt, dass die Metalllegierung keine schmelzflüssigen Phasen bildet. Aus diesem Grund muss nach der Figur bei der Herstellung der Phase A 15 die Temperatur unterhalb von 18700 C liegen. Die Reaktionstemperatur darf dagegen höher sein als die Schmelztemperatur des niedrigst-schmelzenden Legierungspartners, wenn bei der Reaktionstemperatur in der gewählten Legierungszusammensetzung keine flüssigen Phasen auftreten.The reaction temperature is chosen so that the metal alloy does not form molten phases. For this reason, the temperature in the production of phase A 15 must be below 1870 ° C. according to the figure. The reaction temperature, on the other hand, may be higher than the melting temperature of the lowest melting alloy partner if no liquid phases occur at the reaction temperature in the selected alloy composition.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren eignet sich darüberhinaus sehr gut zur Herstellung von Metallpulver mit dispergierter Phase aus Metalloxiden.The method according to the invention is also very suitable for the production of metal powder with a dispersed phase from metal oxides.
Diese sogenannten "Cermets" werden z.B. als Lagerwerkstoffe, Kontaktmaterialien oder Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe eingesetzt. Um die gewünschten Materialeigenschaften zu erzielen, müssen die Oxidpartikel als sehr feine Ausscheidungen vorliegen (<1 µm)These so-called "cermets" are e.g. used as bearing materials, contact materials or high-temperature materials. In order to achieve the desired material properties, the oxide particles must be very fine precipitates (<1 µm)
Die erfindungsgemässe Herstellung von Cermets erfolgt durch Zugabe einer löslichen Metallverbindung des gewünschten Oxids zu den gelösten Verbindungen der Merallmatrix und anschliessender Wärmebehandlung, z.B. durch Verdüsen der gemeinsamen Lösung in einen heissen Reaktor, wobei der Sauerstoffpartialdruck im Reaktionsgefäss so eingestellt werden muss, dass sich nur das Dispersionsoxid, nicht jedoch das Oxid der Metallmatrix bildet. Dieses Verfahren ist nur dann anwendbar, wenn das Matrixmetall edler ist als das Metall des Dispersionsoxids.The production of cermets according to the invention is carried out by adding a soluble metal compound of the desired oxide to the dissolved compounds of the merall matrix and subsequent heat treatment, for example by spraying the common solution into a hot reactor, the oxygen partial pressure in the reaction vessel having to be set such that only the dispersion oxide but does not form the oxide of the metal matrix. This procedure is only applicable if the matrix metal is nobler than the metal of the dispersion oxide.
Eine Variante zur Herstellung von Cermets ist die Verwendung von Suspensionen des Dispersionsoxids, die der Lösung des Matrixmetalls zugegeben wird und das Versprühen dieser Mischung in den Reaktor.A variant for the production of cermets is the use of suspensions of the dispersion oxide, which is added to the solution of the matrix metal, and the spraying of this mixture into the reactor.
Ebenso eignet sich das Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallpulvern aus verschiedenen metallischen Anteilen, die in der festen oder schmelzflüssigen Phase nicht ineinander löslich sind (z.B. Ag - Ni). Die Herstellung erfolgt durch Wärmebehandlung einer gemeinsamen Lösung, wobei sich die verschiedenen Metallphasen in sehr homogener Verteilung bilden.The process is also suitable for the production of metal powders from various metallic components that are not soluble in one another in the solid or molten phase (e.g. Ag - Ni). They are produced by heat treatment of a common solution, with the various metal phases forming in a very homogeneous distribution.
Beispiele:
- 1. Zur Herstellung von Pulver der Legierungszusammensetzung Nb3Sn wird-eine
gemeinsame Lösung von 0,27 Mol NbC15 und 0,09 Mol Sn (CH3)4 in CHC13 hergestellt und mit trockenem Wasserstoff in einheisses Reaktionsrohr mit 1000° C Wandtemperatur eingesprüht. Das Legierungspulver wird in einem Zentrifugalabscheider gesammelt und die Lösungsmittel werden über einen Abzug entfernt. - 2. Zur Herstellung von Nickel, das mit 5 Volumenprozent A12 O3 dispersionsgehärtet ist, wird eine 1-molare Lösung von Nickelnitrat in Wasser mit einer wässrigen Suspension von feinkörnigem Aluminiumoxid (0,02 µm) gemischt und in ein Reaktionsrohr versprüht. Als Zerstäubergas für die pneumatische Zweistoffdüse wird Formiergas (N2 : H2 = 80 : 20) verwendet.
- 1. To produce powder of the alloy composition Nb 3 Sn, a common solution of 0.27 mol of NbC1 5 and 0.09 mol of Sn (CH 3 ) 4 in CHC1 3 is prepared and with dry hydrogen in a hot reaction tube at 1000 ° C. Wall temperature sprayed. The alloy powder is collected in a centrifugal separator and the solvents are removed via a fume hood.
- 2. To produce nickel, which is dispersion-hardened with 5% by volume of A1 2 O 3 , a 1-molar solution of nickel nitrate in water is mixed with an aqueous suspension of fine-grained aluminum oxide (0.02 μm) and sprayed into a reaction tube. Forming gas (N 2 : H 2 = 80: 20) is used as the atomizing gas for the pneumatic two-component nozzle.
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2853931 | 1978-12-14 | ||
DE19782853931 DE2853931A1 (en) | 1978-12-14 | 1978-12-14 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING METALLIC POWDER |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0012202A1 true EP0012202A1 (en) | 1980-06-25 |
Family
ID=6057124
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79104211A Withdrawn EP0012202A1 (en) | 1978-12-14 | 1979-10-30 | Process for producing metallic powders |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0012202A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5582703A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2853931A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0022980A1 (en) * | 1979-07-21 | 1981-01-28 | DORNIER SYSTEM GmbH | Process for manufacturing silver powder |
EP0250813A2 (en) * | 1986-07-02 | 1988-01-07 | Dornier Gmbh | Process and apparatus for preparing composite powders |
US4732576A (en) * | 1985-07-13 | 1988-03-22 | Huels Aktiengesellschaft | Motor fuel and fuel oil emulsions using a salt as emulsifier |
EP0338401A1 (en) * | 1988-04-16 | 1989-10-25 | DODUCO GMBH + Co Dr. Eugen DÀ¼rrwächter | Powder-metallurgical process for the production of a semi-finished product for electrical contacts made from a composite material based on silver and iron |
WO1995013891A1 (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-05-26 | Isis Innovation Limited | Making quantum dot particles of uniform size |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3540255A1 (en) * | 1985-11-13 | 1987-07-23 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DISPERSION-HARDENED METAL ALLOY |
DE3715979A1 (en) * | 1985-11-13 | 1988-12-08 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Process for producing dispersion-hardened metal alloys |
JP3928309B2 (en) | 1998-10-06 | 2007-06-13 | 昭栄化学工業株式会社 | Nickel composite particles, conductor paste, and ceramic multilayer electronic components |
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US2893859A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | 1959-07-07 | Bernard H Triffleman | Method of manufacture of homogeneous compositions |
GB1150506A (en) * | 1966-02-03 | 1969-04-30 | Varta Ag | Powder produced by Vibrated Action upon a Metal Melt with Atomization of the Metal, and a method for its production |
US3510291A (en) * | 1966-11-10 | 1970-05-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Vapor phase conversion of molybdenum or tungsten compound to form the oxide or metal |
FR2024178A1 (en) * | 1968-11-25 | 1970-08-28 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | |
DE2024048A1 (en) * | 1969-05-19 | 1970-11-26 | Montecatini Edison S.P.A., Mailand (Italien) | Process for the production of finely divided nickel powder |
US4025334A (en) * | 1976-04-08 | 1977-05-24 | Gte Sylvania Incorporated | Tungsten carbide-cobalt flame spray powder and method |
-
1978
- 1978-12-14 DE DE19782853931 patent/DE2853931A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1979
- 1979-10-30 EP EP79104211A patent/EP0012202A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-12-12 JP JP16137979A patent/JPS5582703A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2893859A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | 1959-07-07 | Bernard H Triffleman | Method of manufacture of homogeneous compositions |
GB1150506A (en) * | 1966-02-03 | 1969-04-30 | Varta Ag | Powder produced by Vibrated Action upon a Metal Melt with Atomization of the Metal, and a method for its production |
US3510291A (en) * | 1966-11-10 | 1970-05-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Vapor phase conversion of molybdenum or tungsten compound to form the oxide or metal |
FR2024178A1 (en) * | 1968-11-25 | 1970-08-28 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | |
DE2024048A1 (en) * | 1969-05-19 | 1970-11-26 | Montecatini Edison S.P.A., Mailand (Italien) | Process for the production of finely divided nickel powder |
US4025334A (en) * | 1976-04-08 | 1977-05-24 | Gte Sylvania Incorporated | Tungsten carbide-cobalt flame spray powder and method |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0022980A1 (en) * | 1979-07-21 | 1981-01-28 | DORNIER SYSTEM GmbH | Process for manufacturing silver powder |
US4732576A (en) * | 1985-07-13 | 1988-03-22 | Huels Aktiengesellschaft | Motor fuel and fuel oil emulsions using a salt as emulsifier |
EP0250813A2 (en) * | 1986-07-02 | 1988-01-07 | Dornier Gmbh | Process and apparatus for preparing composite powders |
EP0250813A3 (en) * | 1986-07-02 | 1988-06-08 | Dornier System Gmbh | Process and apparatus for preparing composite powders process and apparatus for preparing composite powders |
EP0338401A1 (en) * | 1988-04-16 | 1989-10-25 | DODUCO GMBH + Co Dr. Eugen DÀ¼rrwächter | Powder-metallurgical process for the production of a semi-finished product for electrical contacts made from a composite material based on silver and iron |
WO1995013891A1 (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-05-26 | Isis Innovation Limited | Making quantum dot particles of uniform size |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5582703A (en) | 1980-06-21 |
DE2853931A1 (en) | 1980-06-19 |
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