EP0337411A2 - Process for preparing an acidic passivating bath for zinc, zinc alloys an cadmium surfaces, containing chromium III and fluoride - Google Patents

Process for preparing an acidic passivating bath for zinc, zinc alloys an cadmium surfaces, containing chromium III and fluoride Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0337411A2
EP0337411A2 EP19890106447 EP89106447A EP0337411A2 EP 0337411 A2 EP0337411 A2 EP 0337411A2 EP 19890106447 EP19890106447 EP 19890106447 EP 89106447 A EP89106447 A EP 89106447A EP 0337411 A2 EP0337411 A2 EP 0337411A2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
fluoride
nitrate
chromium
iii
zinc
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EP19890106447
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0337411A3 (en
EP0337411B1 (en
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Klaus-Peter Klos
Karl-Heinz Lindemann
Willi Birnstiel
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Surtec GmbH
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Surtec GmbH
Unilever PLC
Unilever NV
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Priority to AT89106447T priority Critical patent/ATE97700T1/en
Priority to DE8916143U priority patent/DE8916143U1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2222/00—Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium
    • C23C2222/10—Use of solutions containing trivalent chromium but free of hexavalent chromium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an acidic chromium-containing and fluoride-containing passivation bath for zinc or cadmium surfaces.
  • an acidic chromium-containing passivation bath for zinc or cadmium surfaces is known from US Pat. No. 4,263,059 and DE-OS 30 38 699, which, in addition to a "blue solution" of trivalent chromium and an acid, such as formic, acetic or propionic acid or nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid contains a fluoride with a "green solution" of hexavalent chromium, for example Chromium trioxide, alkali metal chromate and dichromate and a reducing agent such as an aldehyde or alcohol or an alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite, metabisulfite, iodide, hydrogen peroxide, sulfur dioxide or an iron (II) salt is formed.
  • a fluoride with a "green solution” of hexavalent chromium for example Chromium trioxide, alkali metal chromate and dichromate and a reducing
  • surfaces made of zinc, zinc alloys, galvanically or hot-dip galvanized on zinc or iron or steel layers or cadmium surfaces are made more corrosion-resistant, which is indicated by a coloration that ranges from blue to black and yellow to olive and is also used for decorative purposes.
  • a passivation for example, the so-called blue passivation, ie Generation of a light blue, very thin passivation layer with a good decorative appearance, formation of zinc corrosion products also called "white rust", greatly delayed.
  • the salt spray test according to DIN 50021 provides a measure of the corrosion protection of these chromates.
  • a zinc-coated and passivated part is exposed to a 5% sodium chloride mist at 40 ° C and 100% humidity. The time required to oxidize 5 - 10% of the surface to white rust is then given.
  • the corrosion protection according to DIN 50021 should be 20 to 24 hours.
  • Chromium (III) fluorine complexes of chromium (III) are known, the formation of which is accelerated by zinc, but there is no evidence of the blue passivation of zinc or galvanized in this investigation of equilibrium constants Iron surfaces, on where there is no chrome metal deposition, but a polymeric compound with divalent chromium is deposited.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned by creating an acidic, chromium-containing passivation bath which contains only chromium (III) compounds, but no oxidizing agents and no strong complexing agents, which has a long service life, produces and permits colorable passivations, organic polymers to better adsorb onto the generated passivation layer and not become unusable due to iron dissolved in the bath.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by a process for producing an acidic, chromium (III) -containing and fluoride-containing passivation bath for surfaces made of zinc, zinc alloys and cadmium by mixing 20 to 200 g / l of a soluble chromium (III) compound 20 to 600 g / l of a soluble nitrate (total nitrate) 5 to 100 g / l of a fluoride and an acid dissolved, which is characterized in that hydrochloric or sapric acid is added up to a pH of 1.8 to 2.2, that an anion from the group selected from nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, Bromide, fluoride, and iodide is added that the soluble nitrate is added at a concentration in g / l that is greater than the chromium (III) concentration, that the mixture is either heated to 60 ° C or with a catalyst above 15 ° C is treated and that
  • the bath in the presence of iron, is characterized by the fact that it additionally contains an acidic ion exchanger loaded with Cr3 ein and / or an agent for the insolubilization of Fe3+ ions in an amount of 0.1 to 100 g / l.
  • the bath is particularly quick to act if it has been heated to at least 60 ° C or treated with a analyzer above 15 ° C. _This treatment is advantageously carried out with the bath concentrate before dilution to the application concentration.
  • Passivation baths preferred according to the invention contain the following amounts in a concentrate which is usually used in a concentration of 2 to 20% by weight in water: 20-200 g / l chromium (III) compound, e.g. as chromium chloride or chromium nitrate, 20 - 600 g / l soluble nitrate, such as sodium, potassium or ammonium nitrate, 5 - 100 g / l fluoride, e.g. sodium, potassium, ammonium fluoride Hydrochloric or nitric acid up to a pH of 1.8 to 2.2.
  • a concentrate which is usually used in a concentration of 2 to 20% by weight in water: 20-200 g / l chromium (III) compound, e.g. as chromium chloride or chromium nitrate, 20 - 600 g / l soluble nitrate, such as sodium, potassium or ammonium nitrate, 5 - 100
  • Passivation baths made from this concentrate show corrosion protection values of a blue passivation according to DIN 50021 from 44 to 50 h, the layers can be colored and good organic polymers are applied to the layers.
  • a concentrate of the following composition was produced: 50 g / l chromium (III) chloride 125 g / l sodium nitrate 50 g / l sodium fluoride
  • the concentrate was also heated to 65 ° C. It contained complexes of the formula
  • the bath was mixed with water in a weight ratio of 1:10 and adjusted to pH 2.0 with nitric acid. With this bath, hot-dip galvanized iron bars of 2 cm in diameter and 20 cm in length were blue passivated. After 3 seconds, the rods were removed from the bath and checked for corrosion behavior in accordance with DIN 50021. The corrosion protection value was 48 hours.
  • the durability of the bath was extended by a factor of 10 by adding 50 g / l of acetylacetone.
  • a bath was out 60 g / l Cr (NO3) 3.9H2O 100 g / l NaNO3 40 g / l NaF NHO3 ad pH 2.1 and without heating, but prepared by treating with granular activated carbon in a porous bag for 10 minutes and, after mixing with water in a weight ratio of 1:12, used for the same experiment. It contained complexes of the formula The same corrosion protection value was obtained.
  • the following results were obtained in a comparison test on normal blue chromating (commercially available): with Cr VI (commercially available): 15 mg Cr / m2 zinc; 24 h corrosion protection Cr III (according to the invention: 30 mg Cr / m2 zinc; 48 h corrosion protection.
  • the shelf life of the bath was extended by a factor of 5 by adding 20 g / l salicylic acid.
  • Example 1 A bath according to Example 1 with a strongly acidic ion exchanger, which had been loaded with a 3 M chromium (III) nitrate solution, was used in a bath with 1.0 g / l Fe3+ content. The same bath without ion exchanger was used for comparison.
  • the bath with the ion exchanger showed a perfect blue passivation, while the comparison bath was unusable after a short time.
  • the addition of 10 g / l fumaric acid increases the life of the bath by a factor of 5.

Abstract

An acidic chromium(III)-containing and fluoride-containing passivating bath for surfaces of zinc, zinc alloys and cadmium is prepared by mixing 20-200 g/l of a soluble chromium(III) compound, 20 to 600 g/l of a soluble nitrate, 5 to 100 g/l of a fluoride and of a sulphate, phosphate, chloride, bromide, fluoride or iodide anion, adding hydrochloric or nitric acid to a pH of 1.8 to 2.2 and heating to above 60 DEG C or adding a catalyst, the amount of nitrate being greater than the chromium(III) concentration. It contains one or more complex(es) of the formula (1): <IMAGE> (x = 1 to 3, n = valency of A and A = nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, chloride, bromide, fluoride or iodide).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines sauren chromhaltigen und fluoridhaltigen Passivierungsbades für Zink- oder Cadmiumoberflächen.The invention relates to a method for producing an acidic chromium-containing and fluoride-containing passivation bath for zinc or cadmium surfaces.

Es ist z.B. aus der US-PS 4 263 059 bzw. der DE-OS 30 38 699 ein saures chromhaltiges Passivierungsbad für Zink- oder Cadmiumober­flächen bekannt, das neben einer "blauen Lösung" aus dreiwertigem Chrom und einer Säure, wie Ameisen-, Essig- oder Propion­säure oder Salpeter-, Schwefel-, Salz- und Fluorwasserstoffsäure ein Fluorid enthält mit einer "grünen Lösung" aus sechswertigem Chrom, z.B. Chromtrioxid, Alkalimetallchromat und -dichromat und einem Reduktionsmittel, wie ein Aldehyd oder Alkohol oder einem Alkali­metallsulfit, -bisulfit, -metabisulfit, -jodid, Wasserstoffperoxid, Schwefeldioxid oder einem Eisen-II-Salz gebildet wird.It is e.g. an acidic chromium-containing passivation bath for zinc or cadmium surfaces is known from US Pat. No. 4,263,059 and DE-OS 30 38 699, which, in addition to a "blue solution" of trivalent chromium and an acid, such as formic, acetic or propionic acid or nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid contains a fluoride with a "green solution" of hexavalent chromium, for example Chromium trioxide, alkali metal chromate and dichromate and a reducing agent such as an aldehyde or alcohol or an alkali metal sulfite, bisulfite, metabisulfite, iodide, hydrogen peroxide, sulfur dioxide or an iron (II) salt is formed.

Hierdurch werden Oberflächen aus Zink, Zinklegierungen, galvanisch oder durch Feuerverzinkung auf Eisen oder Stahl aufge­brachte Zinkschichten oder Cadmiumoberflächen korrosionsfester gemacht, was durch eine Färbung angezeigt wird, die von blau über schwarz und gelb bis zu oliv reicht und auch für Dekorationszwecke Anwendung findet. Insbesondere wird durch eine solche Passivierung z.B. die sogenannte Blaupassivierung, d.h. die Erzeugung einer leicht blauen, sehr dünnen Passivierungsschicht mit gutem dekorativen Aussehen, eine Bildung der Zinkkorrosionsprodukte auch "Weißrost" genannt, stark verzögert.As a result, surfaces made of zinc, zinc alloys, galvanically or hot-dip galvanized on zinc or iron or steel layers or cadmium surfaces are made more corrosion-resistant, which is indicated by a coloration that ranges from blue to black and yellow to olive and is also used for decorative purposes. In particular, such a passivation, for example, the so-called blue passivation, ie Generation of a light blue, very thin passivation layer with a good decorative appearance, formation of zinc corrosion products also called "white rust", greatly delayed.

Ein Maß für den Korrosionsschutz dieser Chromatierungen liefert der Salzsprühtest nach DIN 50021. Dabei wird ein zinkbe­schichtetes und passiviertes Teil bei 40°C und 100 % Luftfeuchtigkeit einem 5%igen Natriumchloridnebel ausgesetzt. Angegeben wird dann die Zeit, die benötigt wird, 5 - 10% der Fläche zu Weißrost zu oxidieren.The salt spray test according to DIN 50021 provides a measure of the corrosion protection of these chromates. A zinc-coated and passivated part is exposed to a 5% sodium chloride mist at 40 ° C and 100% humidity. The time required to oxidize 5 - 10% of the surface to white rust is then given.

Bei der Blaupassivierung sollte der Korrosionsschutz nach DIN 50021 bei 20 bis 24 h liegen.In the case of blue passivation, the corrosion protection according to DIN 50021 should be 20 to 24 hours.

Durch das Vorhandensein von giftigen Chrom-­(IV)-Verbindungen in den Passivierungs­lösungen des Standes der Technik ist es jedoch möglich, dass Chrom-(VI) in die Passivierungsschicht eingebaut wird, was insbesondere bei Verwendung solcher Schichten zu Dermatitiserkrankungen führen kann und auch aus diesem Grunde in Geräten der Nahrungsmittelindustrie bedenklich ist. Die Abwasserbehandlung zur Entgiftung von Passivierungslösungsresten bzw. bei Spülwässern bietet Probleme und die Lösungen verbrauchen sich schnell und können nur begrenzt nachgeschärft (regeneriert) werden, müssen vielmehr bald entsorgt werden. Vielmehr läßt der Korrosionsschutz nach kurzer Zeit, oft schon nach einem Tag, nach. Andere saure Lösungen, die Chrom-(III)-Ionen enthalten und neben diesen auch Oxidationsmittel (US-PS 4 171 231) und weitere Zusätze wie Silikate und/oder andere Metallionen (Us-PS 4 384 902, 4 359 347, 4 367 099) oder Organophosphorverbindungen (US-PS 4 539 348) bzw. Carbonsäuren (US-PS 4 349 392) enthalten, haben zwar die Eigenschaft, dekorative Blau- bzw. Gelbpassivierungen zu bilden, die aber nicht nachträglich einfärbbar sind und deren Korrosionsverhalten in der Größenordnung von maximal 6 h auf 10% Weißrost nach DIN 50021 lag. Wegen des Vorhandenseins von Oxidationsmitteln sind die Schichten nicht frei von Chrom-(VI)-Verbindungen, die insbesondere auch bei der pH-Wert-Erhöhung im Sedimentationsbecken der Abwasserbehandlung entstehen und die Entgiftung erschweren.However, due to the presence of toxic chromium (IV) compounds in the passivation solutions of the prior art, it is possible for chromium (VI) to be incorporated into the passivation layer, which can lead to dermatitis diseases and also from this, particularly when such layers are used Reasonable concern in food industry equipment. Wastewater treatment for the detoxification of passivation solution residues or rinsing water offers problems and the solutions consume quickly and can only be re-sharpened (regenerated) to a limited extent, but must soon be disposed of. Rather, the corrosion protection wears off after a short time, often after just one day. Other acidic solutions which contain chromium (III) ions and in addition to these also oxidizing agents (US Pat. No. 4,171,231) and further additives such as silicates and / or other metal ions (US Pat. No. 4,384,902, 4,359,347, 4,367 099) or organophosphorus compounds (US Pat. No. 4,339,348) or carboxylic acids (US Pat. No. 4,349,392) do have the property of forming decorative blue or yellow passivations, but they cannot be subsequently colored and their corrosion behavior in the Order of magnitude of a maximum of 6 hours on 10% white rust according to DIN 50021. Because of the presence of oxidizing agents, the layers are not free of chromium (VI) compounds, which also occur when the pH is increased in the sedimentation basin of wastewater treatment and make detoxification more difficult.

Zwar sind aus J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74(1952) Seiten 3509 - 3512 Chrom-(III)-Fluor-Komplexe von Chrom-­(III) bekannt, deren Bildung durch Zink beschleunigt wird, jedoch findet sich bei dieser Untersuchung von Gleichgewichts­konstanten kein Hinweis auf die Blaupassivierung von Zink bzw. verzinkten Eisenoberflächen, auf denen keine Chrommetallabscheidung erfolgt, sondern eine polymere Verbindung mit zwei­wertigem Chrom abgeschieden wird.Although from J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) Pages 3509 - 3512 Chromium (III) fluorine complexes of chromium (III) are known, the formation of which is accelerated by zinc, but there is no evidence of the blue passivation of zinc or galvanized in this investigation of equilibrium constants Iron surfaces, on where there is no chrome metal deposition, but a polymeric compound with divalent chromium is deposited.

Ferner wird durch saure Chromatierungs­lösungen bei verzinkten Eisengegenständen eine gewisse Menge Eisen der Lösung gelöst, wodurch nach einer gewissen Zeit derartige Lösungen , insbesondere wenn sie Cr³⁺ enthalten, unbrauchbar werden. Insbesondere ist dies der Fall bei Gegen­ständen, die aus geometrischen Gründen keine ganz geschlossene Zinkschicht aufweisen.In addition, a certain amount of iron is dissolved in the solution by means of acidic chromating solutions in the case of galvanized iron objects, as a result of which such solutions become unusable after a certain time, in particular if they contain Cr³⁺. In particular, this is the case for objects which, for geometric reasons, do not have a completely closed zinc layer.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Vermeidung der genannten Nachteile durch Schaffung eines sauren, chromhaltigen Passivierungs­bades, das nur Chrom-(III)-verbindungen, aber keine Oxidationsmittel und keine starken Komplexbilder enthält, das eine lange Standzeit hat, einfärbbare Passivierungen erzeugt und erlaubt, organische Polymere auf die erzeugte Passivierungsschicht besser adsorbieren zu lassen sowie nicht durch eventuell im Bad gelöstes Eisen unbrauchbar wird.The object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned by creating an acidic, chromium-containing passivation bath which contains only chromium (III) compounds, but no oxidizing agents and no strong complexing agents, which has a long service life, produces and permits colorable passivations, organic polymers to better adsorb onto the generated passivation layer and not become unusable due to iron dissolved in the bath.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines sauren, chrom-(III)-haltigen und fluoridhaltigen Passivierungsbades für Oberflächen aus Zink, Zinklegierungnen und Cadmium durch Mischen von
20 bis 200 g/l einer löslichen Chrom-(III)-Verbindung
20 bis 600 g/l eines löslichen Nitrats (Gesamtnitrat)
5 bis 100 g/l eines Fluorids
und einer Säure gelöst, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß als Säure Salz- oder Sapetersäure bis zu einem pH-Wert 1,8 bis 2,2 zugesetzt wird, daß ein Anion aus der Gruppe, ausgewählt aus Nitrat, Sulfat, Phosphat, Chlorid, Bromid, Fluorid, und Jodid zugesetzt wird, daß das lösliche Nitrat in einer Konzentration in g/l zugesetzt wird, die größer als die Chrom-(III)-Konzentrationist, dass das Gemisch entweder auf 60°C erwärmt oder mit einem Katalysator oberhalb 15°C behandelt wird und daß das erhaltene Konzentrat gegebenenfall auf eine Anwendungskonzentration von 2 bis 20 Gew.-% in Wasser gebracht wird.This object is achieved according to the invention by a process for producing an acidic, chromium (III) -containing and fluoride-containing passivation bath for surfaces made of zinc, zinc alloys and cadmium by mixing
20 to 200 g / l of a soluble chromium (III) compound
20 to 600 g / l of a soluble nitrate (total nitrate)
5 to 100 g / l of a fluoride
and an acid dissolved, which is characterized in that hydrochloric or sapric acid is added up to a pH of 1.8 to 2.2, that an anion from the group selected from nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, Bromide, fluoride, and iodide is added that the soluble nitrate is added at a concentration in g / l that is greater than the chromium (III) concentration, that the mixture is either heated to 60 ° C or with a catalyst above 15 ° C is treated and that the concentrate obtained is optionally brought to an application concentration of 2 to 20 wt .-% in water.

Ferner ist das Bad im Falle des vorhandenseins von Eisen dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es zusätzlich einen sauren, mit Cr³⁺ beladenen Jonenaustauscher und/oder ein Mittel zum Unlöslichmachen von Fe³⁺-Jonen in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 100 g/l enthält.In addition, in the presence of iron, the bath is characterized by the fact that it additionally contains an acidic ion exchanger loaded with Cr³ ein and / or an agent for the insolubilization of Fe³⁺ ions in an amount of 0.1 to 100 g / l.

Es wurde nun gefunden, dass das Bad besonders schnell wirksam ist, wenn es vonder Anwendung auf mindestens 60°C erwärmt oder mit einem Karalysator oberhalb 15°C behandelt worden ist. _Diese Behandlung wird vorteilhaft mit dem Badkonzentrat vor der Verdünnung auf Anwendungskonzentration durchgeführt.It has now been found that the bath is particularly quick to act if it has been heated to at least 60 ° C or treated with a analyzer above 15 ° C. _This treatment is advantageously carried out with the bath concentrate before dilution to the application concentration.

Die Behandlung mit einem Katalysator, insbesondere mit Aktivkohle bei 15°C oder darüber, z.B. bei Raumtemperatur (20 - 25°C) oder das kurzzeitige Erhitzen z.B. 30 sec. bis 15 min. auf mindestens 60 bis 80°C, scheint die Bildung der stabileren Chrom-(III)-komplexe zu fördern, was über­ raschend ist, dass bei Raumtemperatur lediglich die Hexahydrat-komplexe des Chroms stabil sind, diese aber zur Passivierung unbrauchbar sind.Treatment with a catalyst, in particular with activated carbon at 15 ° C. or above, for example at room temperature (20-25 ° C.) or brief heating, for example 30 seconds to 15 minutes. to at least 60 to 80 ° C, seems to promote the formation of the more stable chromium (III) complexes, what about It is surprising that only the hexahydrate complexes of chromium are stable at room temperature, but they are unusable for passivation.

In den erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Passivierungsbädern liegen Komplexe der allgemeinen Formel

Figure imgb0001
vor, worin x = 1 - 3 (Anzahl der Fluoridionen) n = Wertigkeit des Anions A und A = Nitrat, Sulfat, Phosphat, Chlorid, Bromid, Fluorid und Jodid, was durch Leitfähigkeitsmessungen an der Fluorid-Elektrode bestimmt werden kann.The passivation baths produced according to the invention contain complexes of the general formula
Figure imgb0001
 before, where x = 1-3 (number of fluoride ions) n = valence of the anion A and A = nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, bromide, fluoride and iodide, which can be determined by conductivity measurements on the fluoride electrode.

Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugte Passivierungsbäder enthalten folgenden Mengen in einem Konzentrat, das üblicherweise in einer Konzentration von 2 bis 20 Gew.-% in Wasser angewendet wird:
20 - 200 g/l Chrom-(III)-verbindung, z.B. als Chromchlorid oder Chromnitrat,
20 - 600 g/l lösliches Nitrat, wie Natrium, Kalium- oder Ammoniumnitrat,
5 - 100 g/l Fluorid, z.B. Natrium, Kalium-, Ammoniumfluorid
Salz- oder Salpetersäure bis zu einem pH-Wert 1,8 bis 2,2.Passivation baths preferred according to the invention contain the following amounts in a concentrate which is usually used in a concentration of 2 to 20% by weight in water:
20-200 g / l chromium (III) compound, e.g. as chromium chloride or chromium nitrate,
20 - 600 g / l soluble nitrate, such as sodium, potassium or ammonium nitrate,
5 - 100 g / l fluoride, e.g. sodium, potassium, ammonium fluoride
Hydrochloric or nitric acid up to a pH of 1.8 to 2.2.

Aus diesem Konzentrat hergestellte Passivierungsbäder zeigen Korrosions­schutzwerte einer Blaupassivierung nach DIN 50021 von 44 bis 50 h, eine Einfärbbarkeit der Schichten und ein gutes Aufziehen organischer Polymere auf die Schichten.Passivation baths made from this concentrate show corrosion protection values of a blue passivation according to DIN 50021 from 44 to 50 h, the layers can be colored and good organic polymers are applied to the layers.

Beispiel 1example 1

Es wurde ein Konzentrat folgender Zusammensetzung hergestellt:
50 g/l Chrom-(III)-chlorid
125 g/l Natriumnitrat
50 g/l NatriumfluoridA concentrate of the following composition was produced:
50 g / l chromium (III) chloride
125 g / l sodium nitrate
50 g / l sodium fluoride

Das Konzentrat wurde auch 65°C erwärmt. Es enthielt Komplexe der Formel

Figure imgb0002
Das Bad wurde mit Wasser im Gew.-Verhältnis 1 : 10 gemischt und mit Salpetersäure auf den pH-Wert 2,0 eingestellt. Mit diesem Bad wurden feuerverzinkte Eisenstangen von 2 cm Durchmesser und 20 cm Länge blaupassiviert. Nach 3 sec wurden die Stangen aus dem Bad genommen und auf Korrosionsverhalten nach DIN 50021 geprüft. Der Korrosionsschutzwert betrug 48 h.The concentrate was also heated to 65 ° C. It contained complexes of the formula
Figure imgb0002
 The bath was mixed with water in a weight ratio of 1:10 and adjusted to pH 2.0 with nitric acid. With this bath, hot-dip galvanized iron bars of 2 cm in diameter and 20 cm in length were blue passivated. After 3 seconds, the rods were removed from the bath and checked for corrosion behavior in accordance with DIN 50021. The corrosion protection value was 48 hours.

Durch Zugabe von 50 g/l Acetylaceton wurde die Haltbarkeit des Bades um den Faktor 10 verlängert.The durability of the bath was extended by a factor of 10 by adding 50 g / l of acetylacetone.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Ein Bad wurde aus
60 g/l Cr(NO₃)₃ .9H₂O
100 g/l NaNO₃
40 g/l NaF NHO₃ ad pH 2,1
und ohne Erhitzen, aber durch Behandeln 10 min mit gekörnter Aktivkohle in einem porösen Säckchen hergestellt und nach Mischen mit Wasser im Gew.-Verhältnis 1 : 12 für den gleichen Versuch verwendet. Es enthielt Komplexe der Formel

Figure imgb0003
Es wurde der gleiche Korrosionsschutzwert erhalten. Im Vergleichsversuch auf einer normalen Blauchromatierung (handelsüblich) wurden folgende Ergebnisse erhalten: mit
Cr VI (handelsüblich) : 15 mg Cr/m² Zink; 24h Korrosionsschutz
Cr III (erfindungsgemäß : 30 mg Cr/m² Zink; 48h Korrosionsschutz.A bath was out
60 g / l Cr (NO₃) ₃.9H₂O
100 g / l NaNO₃
40 g / l NaF NHO₃ ad pH 2.1
and without heating, but prepared by treating with granular activated carbon in a porous bag for 10 minutes and, after mixing with water in a weight ratio of 1:12, used for the same experiment. It contained complexes of the formula
Figure imgb0003
 The same corrosion protection value was obtained. The following results were obtained in a comparison test on normal blue chromating (commercially available): with
Cr VI (commercially available): 15 mg Cr / m² zinc; 24 h corrosion protection
Cr III (according to the invention: 30 mg Cr / m² zinc; 48 h corrosion protection.

Die Haltbarkeit des Bades wurde um den Faktor 5 durch Zugabe von 20 g/l Salicylsäure verlängert.The shelf life of the bath was extended by a factor of 5 by adding 20 g / l salicylic acid.

Beispiel 3Example 3

Es wurde ein Bad gemäß Beispiel 1 mit einem stark sauren Ionenaustauscher, der mit einer 3 M Chrom-(III)-Nitratlösung beladen worden war, in einem Bad mit 1,0 g/l Fe³⁺-Gehalt eingesetzt. Zum Vergleich wurde das gleiche Bad ohne Ionenaustauscher verwendet.A bath according to Example 1 with a strongly acidic ion exchanger, which had been loaded with a 3 M chromium (III) nitrate solution, was used in a bath with 1.0 g / l Fe³⁺ content. The same bath without ion exchanger was used for comparison.

Das Bad mit dem Jonenaustauscher ergab eine einwandfreie Blaupassivierung,während das Vergleichsbad nach kurzer Zeit unbrauchbar war. Eine Zugabe von 10 g/l Fumarsäure erhöht die Lebensdauer des Bades um Faktor 5.The bath with the ion exchanger showed a perfect blue passivation, while the comparison bath was unusable after a short time. The addition of 10 g / l fumaric acid increases the life of the bath by a factor of 5.

Beispiel 4Example 4

Es wurden vier Lösungen aus je 100 ml einer 10%igen Passivierungslösung nach Beispiel 1 angesetzt (pH 1,6) und mit den in der Tabelle angegebenen Mengen eines Gemisches aus Alkyl­aminen und Amiden mit 5 - 12 C-Atomen versetzt. Es wurde 1mm dickes Eisenblech mit einer Fläche von 1 dm² eingelegt. Nach 12 Stunden wurden die Eisengehalte der Lösungen analytisch durch Atomadsorptionspektrometrie bestimmt. Es wurden folgende Ergebnisse erhalten, die die Abhängigkeit des Eisengehalts der Passivierungslösung von der Menge zugesetzten Inhibitor, d.h. Mittel zum Unlöslichmachen der gelösten Fe³⁺-Jonen zeigen. Der Zusatz von 1g/l Inhibitor ergab praktisch einen nur geringen Unterschied hinsichtlich Farbe und Korrosionsschutz gegenüber der Passivierungslösung ohne Inhibitor. Tabelle Passivierungslösung ppm / 1 Fe ohne Inhibitor 1000 + 1 g/L " 250 + 5 g/l " 60 +10 g/l " 30 Four solutions, each consisting of 100 ml of a 10% passivation solution according to Example 1 (pH 1.6), were added and the amounts of a mixture of alkylamines and amides with 5 to 12 carbon atoms given in the table were added. 1mm thick iron sheet with an area of 1 dm² was inserted. After 12 hours, the iron contents of the solutions were determined analytically by atomic adsorption spectrometry. The following results were obtained, which show the dependence of the iron content of the passivation solution on the amount of inhibitor added, ie means for solubilizing the dissolved Fe³⁺ ions. The addition of 1g / l inhibitor showed practically only a slight difference in color and corrosion protection compared to the passivation solution without inhibitor. table Passivation solution ppm / 1 Fe without inhibitor 1000 + 1 g / L " 250 + 5 g / l " 60 +10 g / l " 30th

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines sauren chrom-­(III)-haltigen und fluoridhaltigen Passivierungs­bades für Oberflächen aus Zink, Zinklegierungen und Cadmium durch Mischen von
20 bis 200 g/l einer löslichen Chrom-(III)-Verbindung
20 bis 600 g/l eines löslichen Nitrats (Gesamtnitrat)
5 bis 100 g/l eines Fluorids und einer Säure
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Säure Salz- oder Salpetersäure bis zu einem pH-Wert 1,8 bis 2,2 zugesetzt wird, daß ein Anion aus der Gruppe, ausgewählt aus Nitrat, Sulfat, Phosphat, Chlorid, Bromid, Fluorid, und Jodid zugesetzt wird, daß das lösliche Nitrat in einer Konzentration in g/l zugesetzt wird, die größer als die Chrom-(III)-Konzentration ist, daß das Gemisch entweder auf 60°C erwärmt oder mit einem Katalysator oberhalb 15 °C behandelt wird und daß das erhaltene Konzentrat gegebenenfalls auf eine Anwendungskonzentration von 2 bis 20 Gew.-% in Wasser gebracht wird.1. Process for the production of an acidic chromium (III) -containing and fluoride-containing passivation bath for surfaces made of zinc, zinc alloys and cadmium by mixing
20 to 200 g / l of a soluble chromium (III) compound
20 to 600 g / l of a soluble nitrate (total nitrate)
5 to 100 g / l of a fluoride and an acid
characterized in that hydrochloric acid or nitric acid is added up to a pH of 1.8 to 2.2, that an anion from the group selected from nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, bromide, fluoride and iodide is added is that the soluble nitrate is added in a concentration in g / l, which is greater than the chromium (III) concentration, that the mixture is either heated to 60 ° C or treated with a catalyst above 15 ° C and that the concentrate obtained is optionally brought to an application concentration of 2 to 20% by weight in water. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als lösliches Nitrat ein Alkalimetall-, Erdalkalimetall- oder Ammoniumnitrat verwendet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium nitrate is used as soluble nitrate. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man zusätzlich einen sauren, mit Cr³⁺ beladenen Jonenaustauscher und/oder ein Mittel zum Unlöslichmachen von Fe³⁺-Jonen in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 100 g/l zusetzt.3. The method according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that an acidic, with Cr³⁺ loaded ion exchanger and / or a means for insolubilizing Fe³⁺ ions is added in an amount of 0.1 to 100 g / l. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel zum Unlöslcihmachen von Fe³⁺-Jonen ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe Acetylaceton, Fumarsäure, Gluconsäure, Oxalsäure, Milchsäure, cyclische und alicyclische, primäre oder sekundäre Amine, Aminosäuren und Amide mit 3 bis 16 Kohlenstoff­atomen, die mit Fe³⁺-Jonen in Wasser schwerlösliche bzw. unlösliche Verbindungen bilden.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the agent for insolubilizing Fe³⁺ ions is selected from the group acetylacetone, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, cyclic and alicyclic, primary or secondary amines, amino acids and amides with 3 to 16 carbon atoms that form poorly soluble or insoluble compounds with Fe³⁺ ions in water. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß folgende Bestand­teile verwendet werden:
50 g/l Chrom-(III)-chlorid
125 g/l Natriumnitrat
50 g/l Natriumfluorid Salpetersäure bis zu einem pH-Wert 2.05. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the following components are used:
50 g / l chromium (III) chloride
125 g / l sodium nitrate
50 g / l sodium fluoride nitric acid up to pH 2.0 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Aktivkohle als Katalysator verwendet wird.6. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that activated carbon is used as a catalyst. 7. Saures Chrom-( III)-haltiges Passivierungsbad, her­gestellt nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine oder mehrere Komplexverbindung der Formel (I):
Figure imgb0004
 enthält, worin x eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 3, n = Wertigkeit von A und A ein Anion der Gruppe, ausgewählt aus Nitrat, Sulfat, Phosphat, Chlorid Bromid, Fluorid und Jodid ist, sowie einen sauren, mit Cr³⁺ beladenen Jonenaus­tauscher und/oder ein Mittel zum Unlöslichmachen von Fe³⁺-Jonen in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 100 g/l enthält.7. Acidic chromium (III) -containing passivation bath, prepared according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains one or more complex compounds of the formula (I):
Figure imgb0004
 contains, wherein x is an integer from 1 to 3, n = valence of A and A is an anion of the group selected from nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, bromide, fluoride and iodide, and contains an acidic ion exchanger loaded with Cr³⁺ and / or an agent for the insolubilization of Fe³⁺ ions in an amount of 0.1 to 100 g / l.
EP89106447A 1988-04-12 1989-04-11 Process for preparing an acidic passivating bath for zinc, zinc alloys an cadmium surfaces, containing chromium III and fluoride Expired - Lifetime EP0337411B1 (en)

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AT89106447T ATE97700T1 (en) 1988-04-12 1989-04-11 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AN ACIDIC CHROMIUM(III) AND FLUORIDE PASSIVATION BATH FOR ZINC, ZINC ALLOYS AND CADMIUM SURFACES.
DE8916143U DE8916143U1 (en) 1988-04-12 1989-04-11 Acidic chromium (III) -containing and fluoride-containing passivation bath concentrate for surfaces made of zinc, zinc alloys and cadmium

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DE3812076A DE3812076A1 (en) 1988-04-12 1988-04-12 ACID CHROMIUM (III) AND FLUORIDE-BASED PASSIVATION BATH FOR SURFACES OF ZINC, ZINC ALLOYS AND CADMIUM
DE3812076 1988-04-12

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WO1997040208A1 (en) * 1996-04-19 1997-10-30 SurTec Produkte und Systeme für die Oberflächenbehandlung GmbH Chromate-free conversion layer and process for producing the same
WO2002061174A1 (en) * 2001-01-31 2002-08-08 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Rustproofing agent for zinc plated steel sheet
US6761774B2 (en) * 2001-05-24 2004-07-13 Basf Corporation Composition and method for the in situ removal scale from a substrate
WO2006052357A1 (en) * 2004-11-10 2006-05-18 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Process for improving the corrosion resistance of metal surfaces and metal pieces having improved corrosion resistance
US7314671B1 (en) 1996-04-19 2008-01-01 Surtec International Gmbh Chromium(VI)-free conversion layer and method for producing it
WO2011127473A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2011-10-13 Enthone Inc. Passivation treatment of zinc-based coatings
CN103215580A (en) * 2013-03-25 2013-07-24 沈阳帕卡濑精有限总公司 Trivalent chromium passivating agent with high corrosion resistance used for rapid film formation on steel plate surface
CN103215581A (en) * 2013-03-25 2013-07-24 沈阳帕卡濑精有限总公司 Passivation enclosing integrated trivalent chromium passivating agent for fast processing steel plate surface
EP3290543A1 (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-03-07 AD Productions B.V. Method of treating metal surfaces with an aqueous composition and aqueous composition
EP2907894B1 (en) * 2014-02-13 2019-04-10 Ewald Dörken Ag Method for production of a substrate with a chromium VI free and cobalt-free passivation
US10400338B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2019-09-03 Chemeon Surface Technology, Llc pH stable trivalent chromium coating solutions

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DE102009042861B4 (en) 2009-09-24 2020-08-20 AnJo Oberflächentechnik GmbH Composition, application solution and process for passivation of zinc and its alloys
DE102011013319B4 (en) 2011-03-07 2018-06-14 AnJo Oberflächentechnik GmbH Composition and application solution for passivating zinc and its alloys
EP2708620A1 (en) 2012-09-12 2014-03-19 Anjo Oberflächentechnik GmbH Composition and solution to use for passivating zinc and its alloys
CN102912337B (en) * 2012-10-30 2015-01-21 四川华丰企业集团有限公司 Process for producing green passivation coating of cadmium-plated workpiece

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WO1997040208A1 (en) * 1996-04-19 1997-10-30 SurTec Produkte und Systeme für die Oberflächenbehandlung GmbH Chromate-free conversion layer and process for producing the same
US6287704B1 (en) 1996-04-19 2001-09-11 Surtec Produkte Und System Fur Die Oberflachenbehandlung Gmbh Chromate-free conversion layer and process for producing the same
US6946201B2 (en) 1996-04-19 2005-09-20 Surtec International Gmbh Chromium (VI)-free conversion layer and method for producing it
US7314671B1 (en) 1996-04-19 2008-01-01 Surtec International Gmbh Chromium(VI)-free conversion layer and method for producing it
WO2002061174A1 (en) * 2001-01-31 2002-08-08 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Rustproofing agent for zinc plated steel sheet
US6761774B2 (en) * 2001-05-24 2004-07-13 Basf Corporation Composition and method for the in situ removal scale from a substrate
WO2006052357A1 (en) * 2004-11-10 2006-05-18 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Process for improving the corrosion resistance of metal surfaces and metal pieces having improved corrosion resistance
US7101469B2 (en) 2004-11-10 2006-09-05 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Metal pieces and articles having improved corrosion resistance
WO2011127473A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2011-10-13 Enthone Inc. Passivation treatment of zinc-based coatings
CN103215580A (en) * 2013-03-25 2013-07-24 沈阳帕卡濑精有限总公司 Trivalent chromium passivating agent with high corrosion resistance used for rapid film formation on steel plate surface
CN103215581A (en) * 2013-03-25 2013-07-24 沈阳帕卡濑精有限总公司 Passivation enclosing integrated trivalent chromium passivating agent for fast processing steel plate surface
CN103215581B (en) * 2013-03-25 2015-06-03 沈阳帕卡濑精有限总公司 Passivation enclosing integrated trivalent chromium passivating agent for fast processing steel plate surface
CN103215580B (en) * 2013-03-25 2016-01-27 沈阳帕卡濑精有限总公司 There is for surface of steel plate fast filming the trivalent chromium passivator of high anti-corrosion
EP2907894B1 (en) * 2014-02-13 2019-04-10 Ewald Dörken Ag Method for production of a substrate with a chromium VI free and cobalt-free passivation
EP3290543A1 (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-03-07 AD Productions B.V. Method of treating metal surfaces with an aqueous composition and aqueous composition
NL2017398B1 (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-03-08 Ad Productions B V Method of treating metal surfaces with an aqueous composition and aqueous composition
US10400338B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2019-09-03 Chemeon Surface Technology, Llc pH stable trivalent chromium coating solutions

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DE58906227D1 (en) 1994-01-05
DE3812076C2 (en) 1990-09-13
DD280557A5 (en) 1990-07-11
ATE97700T1 (en) 1993-12-15
EP0337411A3 (en) 1990-05-09
DE3812076A1 (en) 1989-10-26
EP0337411B1 (en) 1993-11-24

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