EP0336457B1 - Article à fumer - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0336457B1
EP0336457B1 EP89110767A EP89110767A EP0336457B1 EP 0336457 B1 EP0336457 B1 EP 0336457B1 EP 89110767 A EP89110767 A EP 89110767A EP 89110767 A EP89110767 A EP 89110767A EP 0336457 B1 EP0336457 B1 EP 0336457B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel element
article according
aerosol
tobacco
generating means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP89110767A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0336457A3 (en
EP0336457A2 (fr
Inventor
Chandra Kumar Banerjee
Ernest Gilbert Farrier
James Luther Harris
Alan Benson Norman
James Lee Resce
John Hughes Reynolds Iv
Henry Thomas Ridings
Andrew Jackson Sensabaugh, Jr.
Michael David Shannon
Gary Roger Shelar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Japan Tobacco Inc
Original Assignee
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/769,532 external-priority patent/US5020548A/en
Priority claimed from US06/790,484 external-priority patent/US4714082A/en
Application filed by RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co filed Critical RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co
Publication of EP0336457A2 publication Critical patent/EP0336457A2/fr
Publication of EP0336457A3 publication Critical patent/EP0336457A3/en
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Publication of EP0336457B1 publication Critical patent/EP0336457B1/fr
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/165—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes comprising as heat source a carbon fuel or an oxidized or thermally degraded carbonaceous fuel, e.g. carbohydrates, cellulosic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/22—Cigarettes with integrated combustible heat sources, e.g. with carbonaceous heat sources

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a smoking article as described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a smoking article is known from US-A-4 340 072 which describes a proposed cigarette type smoking article with a rod-like fuel element having a central axial passage, an aerosol generating means defined by a chamber and a short filter tip all of which are arranged one behind another.
  • the overall length of the smoking article is 70 mm, and its diameter is 7 mm.
  • the fuel element is a moulding or extrusion of reconstituted tobacco and/or tobacco substitute, e. g. of a mixture of carbon and a binder (SCMC), and the front end of its axial passage may be closed by a plug made from the same material and serving the purpose of preventing a lighting flame from entering the central axial passage of the fuel element.
  • SCMC mixture of carbon and a binder
  • the chamber of the aerosol generating means contains inhalant material which, when contacted by hot gases produced by the burning fuel element and sucked through its axial passage and through the chamber of the aerosol generating means, purportedly forms and aerosol for inhalation by the smoker.
  • the length of the rod-like fuel element is about 73 % of the overall length of the cigarette type smoking article and therefore about 51 mm.
  • the rod-like fuel element may have a conventional cigarette paper wrapped around it.
  • EP-A-0 117 355 describes a proposed cigarette type smoking article having a carbon heat source with an axial passageway and a separate flavor generator.
  • the heat source (page 2, line 23 to page 7, line 14) is formed by pyrolyzing a preformed, tube-shaped ligno-cellulosic material of e. g. 90 mm or 65 mm length (see Comparative Example 1 and Example 4, respectively) under specified conditions, followed by at least one additional specified process step.
  • the purported flavor generator (page 8, lines 8 to 27) comprises a substrate material, which may be tobacco, alumina, etc., adjacent the mouth end, which is impregnated with or inherently contains at least one thermally releasable flavorant.
  • the flavor generator also may comprise a flavored, foamed core inside the heat source.
  • a conventional filter may be placed after the flavor generator.
  • the purported formation of an aerosol during use is described from page 8, line 28 to page 9, line 8.
  • the tube-shaped ligno-cellulosic material experiences a maximum dimensional shrinkage of 37,5 % (see page 12, lines 3 and 4) so that from a tube-shaped ligno-cellulosic material with a length of 65 mm a carbon heat source with a length of more than 40 mm is obtained.
  • the layer of heat insulating material acts as an insulating member for the fuel element and/or helps to simulate the feel of a conventional cigarette, whereas the inventive paper wrapper restricts air flow to the burning fuel element, thereby helping to control the temperature at which the fuel element burns and the subsequent heat transfer to the aerosol generating means.
  • US-A-2 890 704 discloses a cigarette having a tobacco rod encircled by a wrapper in the form of a non-combustible glass fiber sheet which serves the purpose of retaining the ash produced by the tobacco rod during smoking of the cigarette.
  • a preferred embodiment of the inventon comprises a smoking article, preferably in cigarette form, which utilizes a small, high density combustible fuel element in conjunction with a physically separate aerosol generating means which includes one or more aerosol forming materials.
  • the aerosol generating means is in a conductive heat exchange relationship with the fuel element and/or at least a portion of the fuel element is circumscribed by a resilient insulating jacket to reduce radial heat loss.
  • the fuel element Upon lighting the fuel element generates heat which is used to volatilize the aerosol forming materials in the aerosol generating means. These volatile materials are then drawn toward the mouth end, especially during puffing, and into the user's mouth, akin to the smoke of a conventional cigarette.
  • Smoking articles of the invention are capable of producing substantial quantities of aerosol, both initially and over the useful life of the product, and are capable of providing the user with the sensations and benefits of cigarette smoking.
  • the aerosol produced by the aerosol generating means is produced without significant thermal degradation and is advantageously delivered to the user with substantially reduced amounts of pyrolysis and incomplete combustion products than are normally delivered by a conventional cigarette.
  • the small fuel element utilized in the invention is less than about 30 mm in length, preferably less than about 20 mm in length, and has a density of at least about 0.5 g/cc, more preferably of at least about 0.7 g/cc, as measured, e.g., by mercury displacement.
  • Suitable fuel elements may be molded or extruded from comminuted or reconstituted tobacco and/or a tobacco substitute, and preferably contain combustible carbon.
  • Preferred fuel elements also are provided with one or more longitudinal passageways, more preferably from 5 to 9 passageways or more, which help to control the transfer of heat from the burning fuel element to the aerosol forming materials in the aerosol generating means.
  • the aerosol generating means includes a substrate or carrier, preferably of a heat stable material, bearing one or more aerosol forming materials.
  • At least a part of the fuel element is provided with a peripheral insulating member, such as a jacket of insulating fibers, the jacket preferably being of resilient, non-burning material at least 0.5 mm thick.
  • a peripheral insulating member such as a jacket of insulating fibers, the jacket preferably being of resilient, non-burning material at least 0.5 mm thick.
  • This member reduces radial heat loss and assists in retaining and directing heat from the fuel element toward the aerosol generating means and in reducing the fire-causing property of the fuel.
  • the insulating member circumscribes at least part of the fuel element, and advantageously at least part of the aerosol generating means, which helps simulate the feel of a conventional cigarette.
  • the materials used to insulate the fuel element and the aerosol generating means may be the same or different.
  • the hot, burning fire cone is always close to the aerosol generating means, which maximizes heat transfer thereto and the resultant production of aerosol, especially in embodiments which are provided with a multiple passageway fuel element, and/or an insulating member.
  • a relatively high density fuel material is used to help insure that the small fuel element will burn long enough to simulate the burning time of a conventional cigarette and that it will provide sufficient energy to generate the required amounts of aerosol. Because the aerosol forming substance is physically separate from the fuel element, it is exposed to substantially lower temperatures than are present in the burning fire cone, thereby minimizing the possibility of thermal degradation of the aerosol former.
  • the smoking article of the present invention normally is provided with a mouthend piece including means, such as a longitudinal passage, for delivering the volatile material produced by the aerosol generating means to the user.
  • a mouthend piece including means, such as a longitudinal passage, for delivering the volatile material produced by the aerosol generating means to the user.
  • the smoking article may be produced without a built-in mouthend piece including aerosol delivery means, for use with a separate, disposable or reusable mouthend piece.
  • Smoking articles of the present invention normally utilize substantially less fuel on a volume basis, and preferably on a weight basis, than conventional cigarettes to produce acceptable aerosol levels.
  • the aerosol delivered to the user normally is lower in pyrolysis and incomplete combustion products, due to the undegraded aerosol from the aerosol generating means and because the short, high density fuel element, especially in embodiments having a plurality of longitudinal passageways, produces substantially reduced amounts of pyrolysis and/or incomplete combustion products in comparison to a conventional cigarette, even when the fuel element comprises tobacco or other cellulosic material.
  • aerosol is defined to include vapors, gases, particles, and the like, both visible and invisible, and especially those components perceived by the user to be “smoke-like,” generated by action of the heat from the burning fuel element upon substances contained within the aerosol generating means, or elsewhere in the article.
  • aerosol also includes volatile flavoring agents and/or pharmacologically or physiologically active agents, irrespective of whether they produce a visible aerosol.
  • conductive heat exchange relationship is defined as a physical arrangement of the aerosol generating means and the fuel element whereby heat is transferred by conduction from the burning fuel element to the aerosol generating means substantially throughout the burning period of the fuel element. Conductive heat exchange relationships can be achieved by locating the aerosol generating means in contact with the fuel element and in close proximity to the burning portion of the fuel element.
  • insulating member applies to all materials which act primarily as insulators. Preferably, these materials do not burn during use, but they may include slow burning carbons and like materials, and especially materials which fuse during use, such as low temperature grades of glass fibers. Suitable insulators have a thermal conductivity in g-cal/(sec) (cm2)(°C/cm), of less than about 0.05, preferably less than about 0.02, most preferably less than about 0.005. See, Hackh's Chemical Dictionary , 34 (4th ed., 1969) and Lange's Handbook of Chemistry , 10, 272-274 (11th ed., 1973).
  • a fuel element which is less than about 30 mm in length.
  • the fuel element has a density of at least about 0,5 g/cm3.
  • the fuel element is less than about 20 mm in length and has a density of at least about 0,7 g/cm3.
  • the layer of heat insulating material is a resilient, non-burning member at least 0,5 mm thick.
  • the insulating layer fuses during use.
  • the insulating member is a resilient non-burning material at least about 1 mm thick.
  • the insulating member comprises ceramic or glass fibers.
  • the fuel element has a density of at least 0,5 g/cm3 and is less than about 30 mm in length and at least a portion of the fuel element is circumscribed by a resilient insulating material at least about 0,5 mm thick.
  • the insulating material has a softening temperature of about 650°C or less. It is advisable to use a resilient material which fuses during use of the smoking article and is at least about 1 mm thick. Also in this embodiment it is advisable to have a resilient insulating member which circumscribes at least a portion of the aerosol generating means.
  • At least a part of the aerosol generating means is encircled by a tobacco containing material.
  • a fuel element which comprises primarily carbon as such and has a density greater than about 0,7 g/cm3.
  • a fuel element which is less than about 20 mm in length and is provided with a plurality of longitudinal passageways.
  • Fig. 1 which preferably has the overall dimensions of a conventional cigarette, includes a short combustible fuel element 10, an abutting aerosol generating means 12, and a paper tube 14, which forms the mouthend 15 of the article.
  • the fuel element 10 is provided with three longitudinally extending holes 16.
  • the aerosol generating means 12 includes a porous carbon mass 13 which is provided with one or more passages 17 and is impregnated with one or more aerosol forming materials, such as triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, or mixtures thereof.
  • the paper tube 14 surrounds the aerosol generating means 12 and a part of fuel element 10.
  • the tube 14 also forms an aerosol delivery passage 18 between the aerosol generating means 12 and mouth end 15 of the article.
  • the article illustrated in Fig. 1 also includes an optional mass or plug of tobacco 20 to contribute flavor to the aerosol.
  • This tobacco charge 20 may be placed at the mouth end of carbon mass 13, as shown in Fig. 1, or it may be placed in passage 18 at a location spaced from aerosol generator 12.
  • the article may include an optional low efficiency cellulose acetate filter 22, positioned at or near the mouth end 15.
  • inventions shown in Figures 1 to 4 include a resilient insulating jacket which encircles or circumscribes the fuel element to insulate and help concentrate the heat in the fuel element. These embodiments also help to reduce any fire causing potential of the burning fire cone and, in some cases, help simulate the feel of a conventional cigarette.
  • the fuel element 10 is circumscribed by a resilient jacket 72 about 0,5 mm thick, as shown in Fig. 1A.
  • This jacket is formed of insulating fibers, such as ceramic (e. g., glass) fibers or nonburning carbon or graphite fibers.
  • the aerosol generating means 12 has a single, axial hole 17.
  • the resilient, glass fiber insulating jacket 72 surrounds the periphery of both fuel element 10 and aerosol generating means 12 and is preferably a low temperature material which fuses during use.
  • This jacket 72 is overwrapped with a non-porous paper 73, such as P 878-5 obtained from Kimberly-Clark.
  • the fuel element is about 15 to 20 mm long and is preferably provided with three or more holes 16 to increase air flow through the fuel.
  • Three suitable passageway arrangements are illustrated in Figures 2A, 2B, and 2C.
  • the aerosol generating means 12 comprises a metallic container 74 which encloses a granular substrate 38 and/or densified tobacco 76, one or both of which include an aerosol forming material.
  • the open end 75 of container 74 overlaps the rear 3 to 5 mm portion of fuel element 10.
  • the open end 75 may abut the rear end of fuel element 10.
  • the opposite end or container 74 is crimped to form wall 78, which is provided with a plurality of passages 80 to permit passage of gases, tobacco flavors, and/or the aerosol forming material into aerosol delivery passage 18.
  • Plastic tube 44 abuts or preferably overlaps walled end 78 of metallic container 74 and is surrounded by a section of resilient, high density cellulose acetate tow 42.
  • a layer of glue 82, or other material, may be applied to the fuel end of tow 42 to seal the tow and block air flow therethrough.
  • a low efficiency filter plug 45 is provided at the mouth end of the article, and tow 42 and filter plug 45 are preferably overwrapped with a conventional plug wrap paper 85.
  • Another layer of cigarette paper 86 may be used to join the rear portion of the insulating jacket 72 and the tow/filter section.
  • the insulating jacket may also be used in lieu of the cellulose acetate tow 42, so that the jacket extends from the lighting end to the filter plug 45.
  • a layer of glue is preferably applied to the annular section of the filter plug which abuts the end of the insulating jacket, or a short annular section of tow is placed between the insulating jacket and the filter piece, with glue applied at either end.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment in which a 10 to 15 mm long fuel element 10 is overwrapped with an insulating jacket 72 of glass fibers and the aerosol generating means is circumscribed by a jacket of tobacco 88.
  • the glass fibers used on this embodiment preferably have a softening temperature below about 650°C, such as experimental fibers 6432 and 6437 obtained from Owens-Corning, Toledo, Ohio, so that they will fuse during use.
  • the glass fiber and tobacco jackets are each wrapped with a plug wrap 85, such as Ecusta 646, and are joined by an overwrap of cigarette paper 89, such as 780-63-5 or P 878-16-2, obtained from Kimberly-Clark.
  • the metallic capsule 90 overlaps the rear 3 to 4 mm of the fuel element so that it is spaced about 6 to 12 mm from the lighting end, and the rear portion of the capsule 90 is crimped into a lobe shape, as shown in Figure 3B.
  • a passage 91 is provided at the mouth end of the capsule, in the center of the capsule.
  • Four additional passages 92 are provided at the transition points between the crimped and uncrimped portion of the capsule.
  • the rear portion of the capsule may have a rectangular or square cross section in lieu of the lobes, or a simple tubular capsule with a crimped mouth end may be employed, with or without peripheral passages 92.
  • a mouthend piece 40 including an annular section of cellulose acetate tow 42, a plastic tube 44, a low efficiency filter piece 45, and layers of cigarette paper 85 and 89.
  • the mouth end piece 40 is joined to the jacketed fuel/capsule end by an overwrapping layer of tipping paper 86.
  • the capsule end of plastic tube 44 is spaced from the capsule 90.
  • the jacket 94 comprises tobacco or an admixture of tobacco and insulating fibers, such as glass fibers. As shown, the tobacco jacket 94 extends just beyond the mouth end of metallic container 96. Alternatively, it may extend over the entire length of the article, up to the mouth end filter piece. In embodiments of this type, container 96 is preferably provided with one or more longitudinal slots 99 on its periphery (preferably two slots 180° apart) so that vapors from the aerosol generator pass through the annular section of tobacco which surrounds the aerosol generator to extract tobacco flavors before entering passage 18.
  • the tobacco at the fuel element end of jacket 94 is compressed. This aids in reducing air flow through the tobacco, thereby reducing the burn potential thereof.
  • the container 96 aids in extinguishing the tobacco by acting as a heat sink. This heat sink effect helps quench any burning of the tobacco surrounding the capsule, and it also helps to evenly distribute heat to the tobacco around the aerosol generating means, thereby aiding in the release of tobacco flavor components.
  • the tobacco itself may be treated with a burn modifier to prevent burning of the tobacco which surrounds the aerosol generator.
  • the fuel element Upon lighting any of the aforesaid embodiments, the fuel element burns, generating the heat used to volatilize the aerosol forming material or materials present in the aerosol generating means. These volatile materials are then drawn toward the mouthend, especially during puffing, and into the user's mouth, akin to the smoke of a conventional cigarette.
  • the fuel element is relatively short, the hot, burning fire cone is always close to the aerosol generating body, which maximizes heat transfer to the aerosol generating means and any optional tobacco charges, and the resultant production of aerosol and optional tobacco flavor, especially when the preferred heat conducting member is used. Because the fuel element is short, there is never a long section of nonburning fuel to act as a heat sink, as was common in previous thermal aerosol articles. The small fuel source also tends to minimize the amount of incomplete combustion or pyrolysis products, especially in embodiments which contain carbon and/or multiple passageways.
  • Heat transfer, and therefor aerosol delivery also is enhanced by the use of passageways through the fuel, which draw hot air to the aerosol generator, especially during puffing.
  • the preferred insulating member tends to confine, direct, and concentrate the heat toward the central core of the article, thereby increasing the heat transferred to the aerosol forming substance.
  • the aerosol forming material is physically separate from the fuel element, it is exposed to substantially lower temperatures than are present in the burning fire cone. This minimizes the possibility of thermal degradation of the aerosol former and attendant off taste. This also results in aerosol production during puffing, but minimal aerosol production from the aerosol generating means during smolder.
  • the short fuel element, the recessed heat conducting member, the insulating member, and/or the passages in the fuel cooperate with the aerosol generator to provide a system which is capable of producing substantial quantities of aerosol and optional tobacco flavor, on virtually every puff.
  • the aerosol generating means is maintained at a relatively high temperature between puffs, and that the additional heat delivered during puffs, which is significantly increased by the preferred passageways in the fuel element, is primarily utilized to vaporize the aerosol forming material. This increased heat transfer makes more efficient use of the available fuel energy, reduces the amount of fuel needed, and helps deliver early aerosol.
  • the combustible fuel elements which may be employed in practicing the invention are less than about 30 mm long.
  • the fuel element is about 20 mm or less, more preferably about 15 mm or less in length.
  • the diameter of the fuel element is about 8 mm or less, preferably between about 3 and 7 mm, and more preferably between about 4 to 6 mm.
  • the density of the fuel elements which may be employed herein range from about 0.5 g/cc to about 1.5 g/cc as measured, e.g., by mercury displacement.
  • the density is greater than 0.7 g/cc., more preferably greater than 0.8 g/cc.
  • a high density material is desired because it helps to ensure that the fuel element will burn long enough to simulate the burning time of a conventional cigarette and that it will provide sufficient energy to generate the required amount of aerosol.
  • the fuel elements employed herein are advantageously molded or extruded from tobacco substitute materials, such as modified cellulosic materials, degraded or pre-pyrolyzed tobacco, and the like.
  • suitable materials include those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,347,855 to Lanzilotti et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,931,824 to Miano et al., and U.S. Patent Nos. 3,885,574 and 4,008,723 to Borthwick et al. and in Sittig, Tobacco Substitutes , Noyes Data Corp. (1976).
  • Other suitable combustible materials may be employed, as long as they burn long enough to simulate the burning time of a conventional cigarette and generate sufficient heat for the aerosol generating means to produce the desired level of aerosol from the aerosol forming material.
  • Preferred fuel elements normally include combustible carbon materials, such as those obtained by the pyrolysis or carbonization of cellulosic materials, such as wood, cotton, rayon, tobacco, coconut, paper, and the lake. In most cases, combustible carbon is desirable because of its high heat generating capacity and because it produces only minimal amounts of incomplete combustion products.
  • the fuel elements useful in practicing this invention are carbonaceous fuel elements (i.e., fuel elements primarily comprising carbon). Carbonaceous fuel elements are particularly advantageous because they produce minimal pyrolysis and incomplete combustion products, produce little or no visible sidestream smoke, and minimal ash, and have high heat capacity.
  • the aerosol delivered to the user has no significant mutagenic activity as measured by the Ames test. See Ames et al., Mut. Res. , 31:347-364 (1975); Nagas et al., Mut. Res. , 42:335 (1977).
  • Burn additives or combustion modifying agents also may be incorporated into the fuel to provide the appropriate burning and glow characteristics.
  • fillers such as diatomaceous earth, and binders, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), also may be incorporated into the fuel.
  • binders such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC)
  • SCMC sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
  • Flavorants such as tobacco extracts, may be incorporated into the fuel to add a tobacco or other flavor to the aerosol.
  • the fuel element is provided with one or more longitudinally extending passageways.
  • These passageways help to control transfer of heat from the fuel element to the aerosol generating means, which is important both in terms of transferring enough heat to produce sufficient aerosol and in terms of avoiding the transfer of so much heat that the aerosol former is degraded.
  • these passageways provide porosity and increase early heat transfer to the substrate by increasing the amount of hot gases which reach the substrate. They also tend to increase the rate of burning.
  • passageways e.g., about 5 to 9 or more, especially with a relatively wide spacing between the passageways, as in Figures 1A, 2A, and 4A, produce high convective heat transfer, which leads to high aerosol delivery.
  • a large number of passageways also generally helps assure ease of lighting.
  • Variables which affect the rate at which the fuel element passageways will coalesce upon burning include the density and composition of the fuel element, the size, shape, and number of passageways, the distance between the passageways, and the arrangement thereof.
  • the passageways should be located within a core diameter, i.e., the diameter of the smallest circle which will circumscribe the outer edge of the passageways, between about 1.6 mm and 2.5 mm in order for them to coalesce into a single passageway during burning.
  • the diameter of the seven passageways is increased to about 0.6 mm, the core diameter which will coalesce during burning increases to about 2.1 mm to about 3.0 mm.
  • FIG. 4B Another preferred fuel element passageway arrangement useful in embodiments of the invention is the configuration illustrated in Figure 4B, which has been found to be particularly advantageous for low CO delivery and ease of lighting.
  • a short section at the lighting end of the fuel element is provided with a plurality of passages, preferably from about 5 to 9, which merge into a large cavity 97 which extends to the mouth end of the fuel element.
  • the plurality of passages at the lighting end provide the large surface area desired for ease of lighting and early aerosol delivery.
  • the cavity which may be from about 30% to 95%, preferably more than 50%, of the length of the fuel element, helps assure uniform heat transfer to the aerosol generating means and tends to delivery low CO to the mainstream.
  • the aerosol generating means used in practicing the invention is physically separate from the fuel element.
  • physically separate it is meant that the substrate, container, or chamber which contains the aerosol forming materials is not mixed with, or a part of, the burning fuel element.
  • this arrangement helps reduce or eliminate thermal degradation or the aerosol forming material and the presence of sidestream smoke.
  • the aerosol generating means is preferably in a conductive heat exchange relationship with the fuel element, and preferably abuts or is adjacent to the fuel element. More preferably, the conductive heat exchange relationship is achieved by a heat conducting member, such as a metal tube or foil, which is preferably recessed or spaced from the lighting end of the fuel.
  • the aerosol generating means includes one or more thermally stable materials which carry one or more aerosol forming materials.
  • a thermally stable material is one capable of withstanding the high temperatures, e.g., 400°C-600°C, which exist near the fuel without decomposition or burning.
  • other aerosol generating means such as heat rupturable microcapsules, or solid aerosol forming substances, are within the scope of the invention, provided they are capable of releasing sufficient aerosol forming vapors to satisfactorily resemble tobacco smoke.
  • Thermally stable materials which may be used as a substrate or carrier for the aerosol forming materials are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Useful substrates should be porous and must be capable of retaining an aerosol forming material when not in use and capable of releasing a potential aerosol forming vapor upon heating by the fuel element.
  • Substrates, especially particulates, may be placed within a container, preferably formed from a conductive material.
  • thermally stable materials include thermally stable adsorbent carbons, such as porous grade carbons, graphite, activated, or nonactivated carbons, and the like.
  • suitable materials include inorganic solids such as ceramics, glass, alumina, vermiculite, clays such as bentonite, and the like.
  • Preferred carbon substrate materials include porous carbons such as PC-25 and PG-60 available from Union Carbide, and SGL carbon available from Calgon.
  • a preferred alumina substrate is SMR-14-1896, available from the Davidson Chemical Division of W.R. Grace & Co., which is sintered at elevated temperatures, e.g., greater than about 1000°C, washed, and dried prior to use.
  • suitable particulate substrates also may be formed from carbon, tobacco, or mixtures of carbon and tobacco, into densified particles in a one-step process using a machine made by Fuji Paudal KK of Japan, and sold under the trade name of "Marumerizer".
  • This apparatus is described in German Patent No. 1,294,351 and U.S. Patent No. 3,277,520 (now reissued as No. 27,214) as well as Japanese published specification No. 8684/1967.
  • the aerosol generating means used in the invention is advantageously spaced no more than about 40 mm, preferably no more than 30 mm, most preferably no more than 20 mm from the lighting end of the fuel element.
  • the aerosol generator may vary in length from about 2 mm to about 60 mm, preferably from about 5 mm to 40 mm, and most preferably from about 20 mm to 35 mm.
  • the diameter of the aerosol generating means may vary from about 2 mm to about 8 mm, preferably from about 3 to 6 mm. If a non-particulate substrate is used, it may be provided with one or more holes, to increase the surface area of the substrate, and to increase air flow and heat transfer.
  • the aerosol forming material or materials used in the invention must be capable of forming an aerosol at the temperatures present in the aerosol generating means when heated by the burning fuel element.
  • Such materials preferably will be composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but they may include other materials.
  • the aerosol forming materials can be in solid, semisolid, or liquid form.
  • the boiling point of the material and/or the mixture of materials can range up to about 500°C. Substances having these characteristics include polyhydric alcohols, such as glycerin and propylene glycol, as well as aliphatic esters of mono-, di-, or poly-carboxylic acids, such as methyl stearate, dodecandioate, dimethyl tetradodecandioate, and others.
  • the preferred aerosol forming materials are polyhydric alcohols, or mixtures of polyhydric alcohols.
  • Especially preferred aerosol formers are glycerin, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or mixtures thereof.
  • the aerosol forming material may be dispersed on or within the aerosol generating means in a concentration sufficient to permeate or coat the substrate, carrier, or container.
  • the aerosol forming substance may be applied full strength or in a dilute solution by dipping, spraying, vapor deposition, or similar techniques.
  • Solid aerosol forming components may be admixed with the substrate and distributed evenly throughout prior to formation.
  • the amount of liquid aerosol forming materials may generally vary from about 20 mg to about 120 mg, preferably from about 35 mg to about 85 mg, and most preferably from about 45 mg to about 65 mg.
  • the aerosol former carried on the aerosol generating means should be delivered to the user as WTPM.
  • WTPM weight percent
  • more preferably above about 15 weight percent, and most preferably above about 20 weight percent of the aerosol former carried on the aerosol generating means is delivered to the user as WTPM.
  • the aerosol generating means also may include one or more volatile flavoring agents, such as menthol, vanillin, artificial coffee, tobacco extracts, nicotine, caffeine, liquors, and other agents which impart flavor to the aerosol. It also may include any other desirable volatile solid or liquid materials. Alternatively, these optional agents may be placed between the aerosol generating means and the mouthend, such as in a separate substrate or chamber in the passage which leads from the aerosol generating means to the mouthend, or in the optional tobacco charge. If desired, these volatile agents may be used in lieu of part, or all, of the aerosol forming material, so that the article delivery a nonaerosol flavor or other material to the user.
  • volatile flavoring agents such as menthol, vanillin, artificial coffee, tobacco extracts, nicotine, caffeine, liquors, and other agents which impart flavor to the aerosol. It also may include any other desirable volatile solid or liquid materials. Alternatively, these optional agents may be placed between the aerosol generating means and the mouthend, such as in a separate substrate or chamber in the passage which leads from
  • One particularly preferred aerosol generating means comprises the aforesaid alumina substrate containing spray dried tobacco extract, tobacco flavor modifiers, such as levulinic acid, one or more flavoring agents, and an aerosol forming material, such as glycerin.
  • This substrate may be mixed with densified tobacco particles, such as those produced on a "Marumerizer", which particles also may be impregnated with an aerosol forming material.
  • Articles of the type disclosed herein may be used, or may be modified for use, as drug delivery articles, for delivery of volatile pharmacologically or physiologically active materials such as ephedrine, metaproterenol, terbutaline or the like.
  • the smoking article of the present invention also may include a charge of tobacco or a tobacco containing material downstream from the fuel element, which may be used to add a tobacco flavor to the aerosol.
  • a charge of tobacco or a tobacco containing material downstream from the fuel element which may be used to add a tobacco flavor to the aerosol.
  • hot vapors are swept through the tobacco to extract and vaporize the volatile components in the tobacco, without combustion or substantial pyrolysis.
  • One preferred location for the tobacco charge is around the periphery of the aerosol generating means, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, which increases heat transfer to the tobacco, especially in embodiments which employ a heat conducting member or conductive container between the aerosol forming material and the peripheral tobacco jacket.
  • the tobacco in these embodiments also acts as an insulating member for the aerosol generator and helps simulate the feel and aroma of a conventional cigarette.
  • the tobacco containing material may contain any tobacco available to the skilled artisan, such as Burley, Flue Cured, Turkish, reconstituted tobacco, extruded or densified tobacco mixtures, tobacco containing sheets and the like.
  • a blend of tobaccos may be used to contribute a greater variety of flavors.
  • the tobacco containing material may also include conventional tobacco additives, such as fillers, casings, reinforcing agents, such as glass fibers, humectants, and the like. Flavor agents may likewise be added to the tobacco material, as well as flavor modifying agents.
  • the insulating members which may be employed in practicing the invention are preferably formed into a resilient jacket from one or more layers of an insulating material.
  • this jacket is at least 0.5 mm thick, preferably at least 1 mm thick, and more preferably from about 1.5 to about 2 mm thick.
  • the jacket extends over more than half the length of the fuel element. More preferably, it extends over substantially the entire outer periphery of the fuel element and all or a portion of the aerosol generating means. As shown in the embodiment of Figure 3, different materials may be used to insulate these two components of the article.
  • Insulating members which may be used in accordance with the present invention generally comprise inorganic or organic fibers such as those made out of glass, alumina, silica, vitreous materials, mineral wool, carbons, silicons, boron, organic polymers, cellulosics, and the like, including mixtures of these materials.
  • Nonfibrous insulating materials such as silica aerogel, pearlite, glass, and the like, formed in mats, strips or other shapes, may also be used.
  • Preferred insulating members are resilient, to help simulate the feel of a conventional cigarette.
  • Preferred insulating materials should fuse during use and should have a softening temperature below about 650-700°C. Preferred insulating materials also should not burn during use.
  • slow burning carbons and like materials may be employed. These materials act primarily as an insulating jacket, retaining and directing a significant portion of the heat formed by the burning fuel element to the aerosol generating means. Because the insulating jacket becomes hot adjacent to the burning fuel element, to a limited extent, it also may conduct heat toward the aerosol generating means.
  • insulating materials for the fuel element include ceramic fibers, such as glass fibers.
  • Ceramic fibers such as glass fibers.
  • Two suitable glass fibers are available from the Manning Paper Company of Troy, New York, under the designations Manniglas 1000 and Manniglas 1200.
  • Preferred glass fiber materials have a low softening point, e.g., below about 650°C, using ASTM test method C 338-73.
  • Preferred glass fibers include experimental materials produced by Owens-Corning of Toledo, Ohio under the designations 6432 and 6437, which have a softening point of about 640°C and fuse during use.
  • inorganic fibers are prepared with a binder, e.g., PVA, which acts to maintain structural integrity during handling.
  • binders which would exhibit a harsh aroma upon heating, should be removed, e.g., by heating in air at about 650°C for up to about 15 min. before use.
  • pectin at about 3 wt. percent, may be added to the fibers to provide mechanical strength to the jacket without contributing harsh aromas.
  • the insulating material may be replaced, in whole or in part, by tobacco, either loosely packed or tightly packed.
  • tobacco as a substitute for part or all of the insulating jacket serves an additional function by adding tobacco flavors to the mainstream aerosol and producing a tobacco sidestream aroma, in addition to acting as an insulator.
  • the jacket encompasses the aerosol generating means
  • the jacket acts as a non-burning insulator, as well as contributing tobacco flavors to the mainstream aerosol.
  • the tobacco is preferably consumed only to the extent that the fuel source is consumed, i.e., up to about the point of contact between the fuel element and the aerosol generating means.
  • This may be achieved by compressing the tobacco around the fuel element and/or using a conductive heat sink, as in the embodiment of Figure 4. It also may be achieved by treating the cigarette paper overwrap and/or the tobacco with materials which help extinguish the tobacco at the point where it overlaps the aerosol generating means.
  • a barrier means between the insulating member and the mouth end of the article.
  • One such barrier means comprises an annular member of high density cellulose acetate tow which abuts the fibrous insulating means and which is sealed, at either end, with, for example, glue, to block air flow through the tow.
  • the fuel/aerosol generating means combination will be attached to a mouthend piece, such as a foil lined paper or cellulose acetate/plastic tubes illustrated in the Figures, although a mouthend piece may be provided separately, e.g., in the form of a cigarette holder.
  • a mouthend piece such as a foil lined paper or cellulose acetate/plastic tubes illustrated in the Figures, although a mouthend piece may be provided separately, e.g., in the form of a cigarette holder.
  • This element of the article provides the passageway which channels the vaporized aerosol forming materials into the mouth of the user. Due to its length, preferably about 35 to 50 mm or more, it also keeps the hot fire cone away from the mouth and fingers of the user and provides sufficient time for the hot aerosol to form and cool before it reaches the user.
  • Mouthend pieces useful in articles of the invention may include an optional "filter” tip, which is used to give the article the appearance of the conventional filtered cigarette.
  • filters include low efficiency cellulose acetate filters and hollow or baffled plastic filters, such as those made of polypropylene. Such filters do not appreciably interfere with aerosol delivery.
  • the entire length of article or any portion thereof may be overwrapped with cigarette paper.
  • Preferred papers at the fuel element end should not openly flame during burning of the fuel element.
  • the paper should have controllable smolder properties and should produce a grey, cigarette-like ash.
  • a non-porous or zero-porosity paper treated to be slightly porous e.g., non-combustible mica paper with a plurality of holes therein, may be employed as the overwrap layer.
  • Such a paper controls heat delivery, especially in the middle puffs (i.e., puffs 4 through 6).
  • a non-porous paper may be used from the aerosol generating means to the mouth end.
  • Papers such as these are known in the cigarette paper art and combinations of such papers may be employed to produce various functional effects.
  • Preferred papers used in the articles of the present invention include Ecusta 01788 and 646 plug wrap manufactured by Ecusta of Pisgah Forest, North Carolina, and Kimberly-Clark's KC-63-5, P 878-5, P 878-16-2, and 780-63-5 papers.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention are capable or delivering at least 0.6 mg of aerosol, measured as wet total particulate matter (WTPM), in the first 3 puffs, when smoked under FTC smoking conditions.
  • WTPM wet total particulate matter
  • More preferred embodiments of the invention are capable of delivering 1.5 mg or more or aerosol in the first 3 puffs.
  • embodiments of the invention are capable of delivering 3 mg or more of aerosol in the first 3 puffs when smoked under FTC smoking conditions.
  • preferred embodiments of the invention deliver an average of at least about 0.8 mg of wet total particulate matter per puff for at least about 6 puffs, preferably for at least about 10 puffs, under FTC smoking conditions.

Claims (25)

  1. Objet à fumer comprenant un élément combustible (10) constitué essentiellement de carbone en tant que tel, ainsi qu'un moyen physiquement séparé de génération d'un aérosol (74, 38, 76 ; 90 ; 96) qui comprend au moins une matière formant un aérosol et une enveloppe de papier physiquement séparée (14 ; 73 ; 85, 89), caractérisé en ce que l'élément combustible (10) est structuré et disposé de manière à brûler pendant tout le temps que l'objet est fumé afin de créer de la chaleur de manière à volatiliser la matière formant un aérosol pendant que des bouffées sont tirées pendant tout le temps que l'objet est fumé, en ce qu'au moins une partie de l'élément combustible (10) est entourée d'une couche de matière isolante de la chaleur (72 ; 94) et en ce que l'enveloppe de papier (14 ; 73 ; 85, 89) entoure ladite couche isolante (72 ; 94) et est conçue de manière à demeurer au moins partiellement intacte pendant que l'objet est fumé afin de restreindre le flux d'air vers l'élément combustible qui brûle.
  2. Objet selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'enveloppe (14 ; 73 ; 85, 89) est constituée d'une matière minérale non combustible.
  3. Objet selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel l'enveloppe (14 ; 73 ; 85, 89) est constituée de papier non poreux ou ayant une porosité nulle et qui est traité de manière à être légèrement poreux.
  4. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'enveloppe (14 ; 73 ; 85, 89) est constituée de papier mica non combustible qui comporte plusieurs trous.
  5. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'enveloppe de papier non poreux (14 ; 73 ; 85, 89) est utilisée entre le moyen de génération d'un aérosol (74, 38, 76 ; 90 ; 96) et l'extrémité côté bouche (15 ; 45).
  6. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la couche de matière isolante (72 ; 94) a une épaisseur d'au moins 0,5 mm.
  7. Objet selon la revendication 6, dans lequel la couche de matière isolante (72 ; 94) a une épaisseur d'au moins 1 mm.
  8. Objet selon la revendication 7, dans lequel la couche de matière isolante (72 ; 94) a une épaisseur d'environ 1,5 à environ 2 mm.
  9. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la matière isolante (72 ; 94) est constituée de fibres minérales.
  10. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) est placé à l'extrémité d'allumage de l'objet.
  11. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) comporte au moins un passage (16) orienté longitudinalement.
  12. Objet selon la revendication 11, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) comporte plusieurs de ces passages (16).
  13. Objet selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans lequel au moins un passage (16) a la forme d'un trou.
  14. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) a une longueur d'environ 30 mm ou moins avant que l'objet ne soit fumé.
  15. Objet selon la revendication 14, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) a une longueur d'environ 20 mm ou moins avant que l'objet ne soit fumé.
  16. Objet selon la revendication 15, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) a une longueur d'environ 15 mm ou moins avant que l'objet ne soit fumé.
  17. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) a un diamètre compris entre environ 3 et 8 mm.
  18. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) a un diamètre d'environ 4 mm à environ 6 mm.
  19. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) a une densité d'au moins 0,5 g/cm³.
  20. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) a une densité dans une plage comprise entre environ 0,5 g/cm³ et environ 1,5 g/cm³.
  21. Objet selon la revendication 20, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) a une densité d'environ 0,7g/cm³.
  22. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) a une densité d'au moins environ 0,8 g/cm³.
  23. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) est une masse comprimée ou extrudée.
  24. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément combustible (10) est sensiblement exempt de matière organique volatile.
  25. Objet selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les constituants formant la masse de l'élément combustible (10) sont sélectionnés de manière à éviter tout courant latéral sensiblement visible de fumée pendant que l'objet se consume.
EP89110767A 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Article à fumer Expired - Lifetime EP0336457B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/769,532 US5020548A (en) 1985-08-26 1985-08-26 Smoking article with improved fuel element
US769532 1985-08-26
US06/790,484 US4714082A (en) 1984-09-14 1985-10-23 Smoking article
US790484 1985-10-23
EP86109589A EP0212234A3 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Article à fumer

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86109589.1 Division 1986-07-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0336457A2 EP0336457A2 (fr) 1989-10-11
EP0336457A3 EP0336457A3 (en) 1990-04-18
EP0336457B1 true EP0336457B1 (fr) 1994-12-21

Family

ID=27118182

Family Applications (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89110763A Withdrawn EP0337505A3 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Article à fumer
EP86109589A Withdrawn EP0212234A3 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Article à fumer
EP19890110761 Withdrawn EP0336456A3 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Moyens produisant un aérosol pour article à fumer
EP89110762A Expired - Lifetime EP0337504B1 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Moyens produisant un aérosol pour un article à fumer et article à fumer avec tels moyens
EP89110770A Withdrawn EP0340808A3 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Article à fumer et élément combustible pour cet article
EP89110767A Expired - Lifetime EP0336457B1 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Article à fumer

Family Applications Before (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89110763A Withdrawn EP0337505A3 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Article à fumer
EP86109589A Withdrawn EP0212234A3 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Article à fumer
EP19890110761 Withdrawn EP0336456A3 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Moyens produisant un aérosol pour article à fumer
EP89110762A Expired - Lifetime EP0337504B1 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Moyens produisant un aérosol pour un article à fumer et article à fumer avec tels moyens
EP89110770A Withdrawn EP0340808A3 (fr) 1985-08-26 1986-07-14 Article à fumer et élément combustible pour cet article

Country Status (28)

Country Link
EP (6) EP0337505A3 (fr)
JP (4) JPH03114473A (fr)
CN (1) CN1017588B (fr)
AT (2) ATE115833T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU592109B2 (fr)
BG (1) BG50923A3 (fr)
BR (1) BR8604005A (fr)
CU (1) CU21890A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE3650177T2 (fr)
DK (3) DK166707B1 (fr)
EG (1) EG17790A (fr)
ES (1) ES2001576A6 (fr)
FI (1) FI863428A (fr)
GR (1) GR862184B (fr)
IL (1) IL79124A (fr)
IN (1) IN166122B (fr)
MA (1) MA20757A1 (fr)
MC (1) MC1749A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX163571B (fr)
MY (1) MY101072A (fr)
NO (1) NO166566C (fr)
OA (1) OA08390A (fr)
PH (1) PH24056A (fr)
PT (1) PT83248A (fr)
SK (1) SK277759B6 (fr)
TR (1) TR26427A (fr)
YU (1) YU45794B (fr)
ZW (1) ZW13686A1 (fr)

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NO166566B (no) 1991-05-06
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CN86105536A (zh) 1987-02-25
MY101072A (en) 1991-07-16
EP0337504B1 (fr) 1993-09-22
ATE115833T1 (de) 1995-01-15
BG50923A3 (en) 1992-12-15
DK404086A (da) 1987-02-27
NO863405L (no) 1987-02-27
OA08390A (en) 1988-02-29
SK277759B6 (en) 1994-12-07
EP0340808A3 (fr) 1990-03-21
DE3650177T2 (de) 1995-06-29
EP0212234A2 (fr) 1987-03-04
DK17391D0 (da) 1991-01-31
YU143686A (en) 1988-06-30
MX163571B (es) 1992-06-02
AU6169686A (en) 1987-03-05
FI863428A (fi) 1987-02-27
DK17291A (da) 1991-01-31
DK17391A (da) 1991-01-31
MC1749A1 (fr) 1987-04-24
TR26427A (tr) 1994-02-14
EP0340808A2 (fr) 1989-11-08
MA20757A1 (fr) 1987-04-01
JPH0419867B2 (fr) 1992-03-31
BR8604005A (pt) 1987-03-24
JPH03114472A (ja) 1991-05-15
JPH0675598B2 (ja) 1994-09-28
EP0336457A3 (en) 1990-04-18
EP0337504A3 (en) 1990-11-22
EP0336456A2 (fr) 1989-10-11
FI863428A0 (fi) 1986-08-25
DE3689075D1 (de) 1993-10-28
JPH0677606B2 (ja) 1994-10-05
NO863405D0 (no) 1986-08-25
IL79124A0 (en) 1986-09-30
NO166566C (no) 1991-08-14
EG17790A (en) 1990-10-30
EP0337505A2 (fr) 1989-10-18
EP0337505A3 (fr) 1990-03-21
IN166122B (fr) 1990-03-17
JPH03114471A (ja) 1991-05-15
PH24056A (en) 1990-03-05
DK404086D0 (da) 1986-08-25
DK166707B1 (da) 1993-07-05
JPH0441620B2 (fr) 1992-07-08
YU45794B (sh) 1992-07-20
IL79124A (en) 1990-07-26
EP0337504A2 (fr) 1989-10-18
JPH03114470A (ja) 1991-05-15
DE3650177D1 (de) 1995-02-02
ZW13686A1 (en) 1986-10-22
PT83248A (pt) 1987-02-27
ES2001576A6 (es) 1988-06-01
ATE94728T1 (de) 1993-10-15
DK17291D0 (da) 1991-01-31
GR862184B (en) 1986-12-23
EP0336457A2 (fr) 1989-10-11
DK174431B1 (da) 2003-03-03
CU21890A3 (fr) 1997-01-06
EP0212234A3 (fr) 1987-05-13
EP0336456A3 (fr) 1990-11-22
DE3689075T2 (de) 1994-03-03
DK174428B1 (da) 2003-02-24
CN1017588B (zh) 1992-07-29

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