EP0333576A2 - Three-dimensional material for soil reinforcement - Google Patents

Three-dimensional material for soil reinforcement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0333576A2
EP0333576A2 EP89400696A EP89400696A EP0333576A2 EP 0333576 A2 EP0333576 A2 EP 0333576A2 EP 89400696 A EP89400696 A EP 89400696A EP 89400696 A EP89400696 A EP 89400696A EP 0333576 A2 EP0333576 A2 EP 0333576A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bands
strips
twisted
material according
soil
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Granted
Application number
EP89400696A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0333576A3 (en
EP0333576B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Sotton
Robert Bolliand
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Institut Textile de France
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Institut Textile de France
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Publication of EP0333576A3 publication Critical patent/EP0333576A3/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D04H3/045—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles for net manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/013—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to soil reinforcement, in particular for the creation of embankments, using three-dimensional materials. It relates more particularly to a three-dimensional material of simple design and its manufacturing process.
  • These soil reinforcement materials generally consist of continuous sheets laid flat on the soil to be reinforced; these layers are in the form of rolls, which are unwound and cut to the dimensions of the structure. They are then covered by soil.
  • the reinforcement material used can have a three-dimensional structure, in honeycomb, such so that the ground covering the material fills the corresponding cells and the material, anchored in the ground, prevents the sliding of the ground contained in the cells and the one linked to it.
  • the three-dimensional honeycomb material known from patent US-A-4,572,705 consists of flat strips, positioned vertically relative to the ground, fixed to each other by gluing or by staples, and delimiting a set of containers whose height is that of the band. The manufacture of such a material is complex; it requires prior accordion folds of the strip, delicate collages which are sometimes ill-suited to the constraints of use of the material; moreover, the installation of this material also requires great technical skill.
  • the three-dimensional material for soil reinforcement which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks. It is of the type known in that it consists of flat strips delimiting a set of containers, in particular for the ground.
  • the three-dimensional material is capable of being wound up in the form of a coil and it consists of a network of interlaced textile bands and fixed to each other in the common areas of interlacing, said areas being substantially in the same plane corresponding to the plane of the ground to be reinforced, and in that at least certain stiffened textile bands are twisted between two consecutive interlacing zones.
  • the three-dimensional component of the material is provided by the twists given to all or part of the constituent bands of the network.
  • the strips are, in the crisscrossing zones, flat substantially in the plane of the ground to be reinforced.
  • the twisted part of the strip due to the rigidity of the latter, has an approximate shape of a helix. It is this part which is above the ground plane to be reinforced and which ensures the anchoring in the ground and the blocking of the particles of the ground.
  • Patent FR-A-2,212,469 discloses a reinforcing panel for retaining floors in galleries or tunnels, which has twisted strips. But the panel being necessarily rigid, the elements which constitute it are metallic, including the twisted bands, and the panel cannot be wound in the form of a coil. On the other hand the spacing between the twisted strips is just sufficient to allow the projection of the concrete behind the panel, and there is no constitution of containers in particular for the ground.
  • the material of the invention consists of two sets of flat strips, all the strips of the same set having substantially the same direction.
  • the directions of the two sets of bands can be perpendicular.
  • the material can also consist of a larger number of sets of flat bands, arranged in non-perpendicular directions.
  • the material is composed of a first set of strips which will, over their entire length, be laid flat on the ground and if it is an embankment in the direction of the slope, and of a second set of bands, the twists of which will form soil retaining walls between the first set of flat bands.
  • the strips are fixed in the common interlacing zones in a known manner, for example by gluing, stapling, sewing, heat sealing, according to the specifications to be satisfied.
  • the bands are preferably made up of associated textile fibers or filaments in all possible forms: weaving, knitting, needling, thermoforming. Their rigidity can be provided by gluing.
  • the strips are made of a biodegradable material, for example in a nonwoven of viscose fibers stiffened by polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the spacing between the strips and the width of the strips depends on the application, and in particular on the slope, for example of the dune to be reinforced.
  • the spacing is preferably between 10 and 30 centimeters and the width of the strips between 5 and 10 centimeters.
  • All the constituent bands of the material of the invention can have the same width, or else the bands of the same set can have the same width, different from that of another set.
  • the material 1 for soil reinforcement is composed of flat strips 2 and twisted strips 3.
  • the flat strips 2 are parallel to each other; likewise the twisted strips 3 are mutually parallel and perpendicular to the flat strips 2.
  • the two sets of strips 2 and 3 are secured by means of staples 4, connecting the areas 5 of intersection where a flat strip 2 is superimposed to a twisted strip 3.
  • Each of the twisted bands 3 is produced from a viscose nonwoven fabric of the order of 300 g / m2 and having good rigidity.
  • This rigidity obtained for example by means of impregnating or reinforcing agents is necessary to prevent the twisted part from bending in the plane of the flat strips 2, and to preserve the three-dimensional structure of the material 1.
  • it it is polyvinyl alcohol at a rate of 50 g / m2.
  • the flat strips 2 can be made of the same material or in another material, the rigidity of the flat strips 2 not being as essential.
  • the width of the twisted bands 3 must be sufficient for the twisted parts 6 to form, with respect to the plane of the flat bands 2, that is to say on the ground plane, extra thicknesses capable of retaining the soil.
  • This width may be different depending on the use made of the material, in particular it will be at least five centimeters for reinforcement of the structure where the material is placed on a substantially horizontal floor, in the form of successive layers; it will be at least ten centimeters for uses in slope stabilization such as embankments or embankments. .
  • the bands were five centimeters in width and were spaced from each other by thirty centimeters.
  • the twists 6 are obtained by stapling, one side of said strip 3 being placed on a flat strip 2 then the other side of said strip 3 being laid on the next flat strip, and and so on. In this way, a 180 ° twist of the strip is produced between two stapling zones.
  • the twists 6 which follow one another on the same twisted strip 3 are alternated, in one direction then in the other; the twists 6 opposite each other on two immediately parallel twisted strips are alternated.
  • the material 1 is unwound from its reel and placed on the ground of the embankment, the flat strips 2 being in the direction of the slope, and the twisted strips 3 being perpendicular to the slope.
  • the twisted parts 6 form walls in the form of a helix above the ground plane. When the material is covered with soil, the latter blocks the material in position by the pressure exerted on the flat strips 2, but the soil is itself locked in position thanks to the walls formed by the twisted parts 6 which prevent it to slide along the slope.
  • the strips made of a biodegradable material are particularly useful in the case of reconstitution of dunes with planting of trees.
  • the young plants are placed in front of the containers delimited by the bands.
  • the bands gradually decompose, while the roots of the plantations anchor the soil. Plantations thus ensure the natural reinforcement of the soil in the long term, and the progressive elimination of the reinforcement material allows the development without constraint and without pollution of these plantations.
  • the invention is not limited to the example given above but covers all the variant embodiments of a three-dimensional material for reinforcing floors made up of textile webs in network, at least some of which are stiffened and twisted.
  • soil should not be taken in a restrictive sense, the material can be validly used whenever one seeks to ensure the reinforcement of a set of particles liable to deform, for example snow or concrete.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

The material can be wound in the form of a wheel and consists of a network of flat textile bands (2, 3) interlaced and fastened to one another in the common interlacing zones (5), said zones (5) being substantially in the same plane corresponding to the plane of the soil to be reinforced; some stiffened bands (3) are twisted between two consecutive interlacing zones (5). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne le renforcement des sols, notamment pour la constitution de remblais, à l'aide de matériaux tridimensionnels. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un matériau tridimensionnel de conception simple et son procédé de fabrication.The present invention relates to soil reinforcement, in particular for the creation of embankments, using three-dimensional materials. It relates more particularly to a three-dimensional material of simple design and its manufacturing process.

Dans la réalisation d'ouvrages, tels que routes, remblais, barrages, il est souvent nécessaire de mettre en oeuvre des matériaux extérieurs qui consolident le sol ou apportent les propriétés complémentaires, par exemple le drainage, la filtration, ou encore facilitent les conditions de réalisation de l'ouvrage tout en apportant une économie de matériaux conventionnels.In the construction of works, such as roads, embankments, dams, it is often necessary to use external materials which consolidate the soil or provide additional properties, for example drainage, filtration, or even facilitate the conditions of realization of the work while bringing an economy of conventional materials.

Ces matériaux de renforcement des sols consistent généralement dans des nappes continues mises à plat sur le sol à renforcer; ces nappes se présentent sous la forme de rouleaux, qui sont déroulés et coupés aux dimensions de l'ouvrage. Elles sont ensuite recouvertes par du sol.These soil reinforcement materials generally consist of continuous sheets laid flat on the soil to be reinforced; these layers are in the form of rolls, which are unwound and cut to the dimensions of the structure. They are then covered by soil.

Dans certains cas particuliers de structure du sol par exemple formation d'une dune de sable stable, ou de forme d'ouvrage par exemple remblais très pentus, le matériau de renforcement utilisé peut avoir une structure tridimensionnelle, en nid d'abeille, de telle sorte que le sol recouvrant le matériau remplisse les alvéoles correspondantes et que le matériau, ancré dans le sol , empêche le glissement du sol contenu dans les alvéoles et celui qui lui est lié . Le matériau tridimensionnel en nid d'abeille connu par le brevet US-A-4,572,705 est constitué de bandes plates, positionnées verticalement par rapport au sol, fixées entre elles par collage ou par des agrafes , et délimitant un ensemble de contenants dont la hauteur est celle de la bande. La fabrication d'un tel matériau est complexe ; elle exige des pliages préalables en accordéon de la bande, des collages délicats parfois mal adaptés aux contraintes d'utilisation du matériau; de plus , la pose de ce matériau exige également une grande technicité.In certain particular cases of structure of the ground for example formation of a stable sand dune, or of form of work for example very steep embankments, the reinforcement material used can have a three-dimensional structure, in honeycomb, such so that the ground covering the material fills the corresponding cells and the material, anchored in the ground, prevents the sliding of the ground contained in the cells and the one linked to it. The three-dimensional honeycomb material known from patent US-A-4,572,705 consists of flat strips, positioned vertically relative to the ground, fixed to each other by gluing or by staples, and delimiting a set of containers whose height is that of the band. The manufacture of such a material is complex; it requires prior accordion folds of the strip, delicate collages which are sometimes ill-suited to the constraints of use of the material; moreover, the installation of this material also requires great technical skill.

Or on a trouvé et c'est ce qui fait l'objet de l'invention un matériau tridimensionnel pour le renforcement des sols qui pallie les inconvénients précités. Il est du type connu en ce qu'il est constitué de bandes plates délimitant un ensemble de contenants notamment pour le sol . Selon l'invention, le matériau tridimensionnel est apte à être enroulé sous forme d'une bobine et il est constitué d'un réseau de bandes textiles entrecroisées et fixées les unes aux autres dans les zones communes d'entrecroisement, lesdites zones étant sensiblement dans un même plan correspondant au plan du sol à renforcer, et en ce qu'au moins certaines bandes textiles rigidifiées sont torsadées entre deux zones consécutives d'entrecroisement.Now we have found and this is what is the subject of the invention a three-dimensional material for soil reinforcement which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks. It is of the type known in that it consists of flat strips delimiting a set of containers, in particular for the ground. According to the invention, the three-dimensional material is capable of being wound up in the form of a coil and it consists of a network of interlaced textile bands and fixed to each other in the common areas of interlacing, said areas being substantially in the same plane corresponding to the plane of the ground to be reinforced, and in that at least certain stiffened textile bands are twisted between two consecutive interlacing zones.

Ainsi la composante tridimensionnelle du matériau est apportée par les torsades données à tout ou partie des bandes constitutives du réseau. Les bandes sont, dans les zones d'entrecroisement, à plat sensiblement dans le plan du sol à renforcer. Par contre entre deux zones consécutives d'entrecroisement, la partie torsadée de la bande, du fait de la rigidité de celle-ci, a une forme approximative d'hélice. C'est cette partie qui se trouve au-dessus du plan du sol à renforcer et qui assure l'ancrage dans le sol et le blocage des particules du sol.Thus the three-dimensional component of the material is provided by the twists given to all or part of the constituent bands of the network. The strips are, in the crisscrossing zones, flat substantially in the plane of the ground to be reinforced. On the other hand, between two consecutive interweaving zones, the twisted part of the strip, due to the rigidity of the latter, has an approximate shape of a helix. It is this part which is above the ground plane to be reinforced and which ensures the anchoring in the ground and the blocking of the particles of the ground.

On connaît par le brevet FR-A-2.212.469 un panneau d'armature, pour retenir les sols dans les galeries ou tunnels,qui comporte des bandes torsadées. Mais le panneau étant nécessairement rigide, les éléments qui le constituent sont métalliques , y compris les bandes torsadées, et le panneau ne peut être enroulé sous forme d'une bobine. D'autre part l'écartement entre les bandes torsadées est juste suffisant pour permettre la projection du béton derrière le panneau, et il n'y a pas constitution de contenants notamment pour le sol.Patent FR-A-2,212,469 discloses a reinforcing panel for retaining floors in galleries or tunnels, which has twisted strips. But the panel being necessarily rigid, the elements which constitute it are metallic, including the twisted bands, and the panel cannot be wound in the form of a coil. On the other hand the spacing between the twisted strips is just sufficient to allow the projection of the concrete behind the panel, and there is no constitution of containers in particular for the ground.

Avantageusement le matériau de l'invention est constitué de deux jeux de bandes plates, toutes les bandes d'un même jeu ayant sensiblement la même direction. En particulier les directions des deux jeux de bandes peuvent être perpendiculaires.Le matériau peut également être constitué d'un nombre plus important de jeux de bandes plates, disposées selon des directions non perpendiculaires.Advantageously, the material of the invention consists of two sets of flat strips, all the strips of the same set having substantially the same direction. In particular, the directions of the two sets of bands can be perpendicular. The material can also consist of a larger number of sets of flat bands, arranged in non-perpendicular directions.

Selon une version d'un matériau composé de deux jeux de bandes ayant des directions perpendiculaire, toutes les bandes du premier jeu sont torsadées alors que toutes les bandes du second jeu n'ont pas de torsade entre deux zones consécutives d'entrecroisement. Ainsi dans cette disposition particulière, le matériau est composé d'un premier ensemble de bandes qui seront, sur toute leur longueur, disposées à plat sur le sol et s'il s'agit d'un remblai dans le sens de la pente, et d'un second ensemble de bandes dont les torsades formeront des parois de retenue du sol entre le premier ensemble de bandes à plat.According to a version of a material composed of two sets of bands having perpendicular directions, all the bands of the first set are twisted while all the bands of the second set do not have a twist between two consecutive zones of interlacing. Thus in this particular arrangement, the material is composed of a first set of strips which will, over their entire length, be laid flat on the ground and if it is an embankment in the direction of the slope, and of a second set of bands, the twists of which will form soil retaining walls between the first set of flat bands.

La fixation des bandes dans les zones communes d'entrecroisement est réalisée de manière connue, par exemple par collage , par agrafage, par couture, par thermosoudage, selon les spécifications à satisfaire.The strips are fixed in the common interlacing zones in a known manner, for example by gluing, stapling, sewing, heat sealing, according to the specifications to be satisfied.

Les bandes sont , de préférence, constituées de fibres ou filaments textiles associés sous toutes formes possibles : tissage, tricotage, aiguilletage, thermoformage. Leur rigidité peut être apportée par encollage.The bands are preferably made up of associated textile fibers or filaments in all possible forms: weaving, knitting, needling, thermoforming. Their rigidity can be provided by gluing.

Selon un mode particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, les bandes sont dans un matériau biodégradable, par exemple dans un non-tissé de fibres de viscose rigidifiées par de l'alcool polyvinylique.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the strips are made of a biodegradable material, for example in a nonwoven of viscose fibers stiffened by polyvinyl alcohol.

L'écartement entre les bandes et la largeur des bandes sont fonction des application , et en particulier de la pente par exemple de la dune à renforcer. L'écartement est de préférence compris entre 10 et 30 centimètres et la largeur des bandes entre 5 et 10 centimètres.The spacing between the strips and the width of the strips depends on the application, and in particular on the slope, for example of the dune to be reinforced. The spacing is preferably between 10 and 30 centimeters and the width of the strips between 5 and 10 centimeters.

Toutes les bandes constitutives du matériau de l'invention peuvent avoir la même largeur, ou bien les bandes d'un même jeu peuvent avoir une même largeur,différente de celle d'un autre jeu.All the constituent bands of the material of the invention can have the same width, or else the bands of the same set can have the same width, different from that of another set.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va maintenant être faite d'un exemple de matériau tridimensionnel pour le renforcement des sols, constitué d'un réseau de bandes plates rigides dont une partie au moins est torsadée, illustré par le dessin annexé dans lequel la figure unique est une vue en perspective d'un matériau constitué de deux jeux de bandes perpendiculaires.The invention will be better understood on reading the description which will now be made of an example of a three-dimensional material for soil reinforcement, consisting of a network of rigid flat strips of which at least part is twisted, illustrated by the attached drawing in which the single figure is a perspective view of a material consisting of two sets of perpendicular bands.

Le matériau 1 pour renforcement des sols est composé de bandes à plat 2 et de bandes torsadées 3. Les bandes à plat 2 sont parallèles entre elles ; de même les bandes torsadées 3 sont parallèles entre elles et perpendiculaires aux bandes à plat 2. Les deux jeux de bandes 2 et 3 sont solidarisés au moyen d'agrafes 4, reliant les zones 5 d'entrecroisement où une bande à plat 2 se superpose à une bande torsadée 3.The material 1 for soil reinforcement is composed of flat strips 2 and twisted strips 3. The flat strips 2 are parallel to each other; likewise the twisted strips 3 are mutually parallel and perpendicular to the flat strips 2. The two sets of strips 2 and 3 are secured by means of staples 4, connecting the areas 5 of intersection where a flat strip 2 is superimposed to a twisted strip 3.

Chacune des bandes torsadées 3 est réalisée à partir d'un non-tissé en viscose faisant de l'ordre de 300 g/m2 et ayant une bonne rigidité. Cette rigidité obtenue par exemple grâce à des agents d'imprégnation ou de renforcement est nécessaire pour éviter que la partie torsadée ne se plie dans le plan des bandes à plat 2, et pour conserver la structure tridimensionnelle du matériau 1. Dans le cas présent il s'agit d'alcool polyvinylique à raison de 50 g/m2.Each of the twisted bands 3 is produced from a viscose nonwoven fabric of the order of 300 g / m2 and having good rigidity. This rigidity obtained for example by means of impregnating or reinforcing agents is necessary to prevent the twisted part from bending in the plane of the flat strips 2, and to preserve the three-dimensional structure of the material 1. In the present case it it is polyvinyl alcohol at a rate of 50 g / m2.

Les bandes à plat 2 peuvent être réalisées dans la même matière ou dans une autre matière, la rigidité des bandes à plat 2 n'étant pas aussi indispensable.The flat strips 2 can be made of the same material or in another material, the rigidity of the flat strips 2 not being as essential.

La largeur des bandes torsadées 3 doit être suffisante pour que les parties torsadées 6 forment , par rapport au plan des bandes à plat 2 c'est-à-dire au plan du sol, des surépaisseurs aptes à retenir le sol. Cette largeur pourra être différente selon l'usage qui est fait du matériau, en particulier elle sera d'au moins cinq centimètres pour des renforcements d'ouvrage où le matériau est posé sur un sol sensiblement horizontal,sous forme de couches successives ; elle sera d'au moins dix centimètres pour des utilisations en stabilisation de pente telles que des talus ou des remblais. .The width of the twisted bands 3 must be sufficient for the twisted parts 6 to form, with respect to the plane of the flat bands 2, that is to say on the ground plane, extra thicknesses capable of retaining the soil. This width may be different depending on the use made of the material, in particular it will be at least five centimeters for reinforcement of the structure where the material is placed on a substantially horizontal floor, in the form of successive layers; it will be at least ten centimeters for uses in slope stabilization such as embankments or embankments. .

Dans l'exemple illustré illustré par la figure, les bandes faisaient cinq centimètres de largeur et étaient distantes les unes des autres de trente centimètres. Sur une bande torsadée 3, les torsades 6 sont obtenues en réalisant l'agrafage, une face de ladite bande 3 étant posée sur une bande à plat 2 puis l'autre face de ladite bande 3 étant posée sur la bande à plat suivante, et ainsi de suite. De la sorte, on réalise une torsion de la bande de 180° entre deux zones d'agrafage.In the illustrated example illustrated by the figure, the bands were five centimeters in width and were spaced from each other by thirty centimeters. On a twisted strip 3, the twists 6 are obtained by stapling, one side of said strip 3 being placed on a flat strip 2 then the other side of said strip 3 being laid on the next flat strip, and and so on. In this way, a 180 ° twist of the strip is produced between two stapling zones.

De préférence, afin que l'ensemble du matériau ait une structure homogène et comme cela est représenté sur la figure, les torsades 6 qui se suivent sur une même bande torsadée 3 sont alternées , dans un sens puis dans l'autre;les torsades 6 en vis-à-vis sur deux bandes torsadées immédiatement parallèles sont alternées.Preferably, so that the whole material has a homogeneous structure and as shown in the figure, the twists 6 which follow one another on the same twisted strip 3 are alternated, in one direction then in the other; the twists 6 opposite each other on two immediately parallel twisted strips are alternated.

Dans le cas d'un remblai, le matériau 1 est déroulé de sa bobine et placé sur le sol du remblai, les bandes à plat 2 étant dans le sens de la pente, et les bandes torsadées 3 étant perpendiculaires à la pente. Les parties torsadées 6 forment des parois en forme d'hélice au-dessus du plan du sol. Lorsque le matériau est recouvert de sol,celui-ci bloque en position le matériau par la pression exercée sur les bandes à plat 2 , mais le sol est lui-même bloqué en position grâce aux parois formées par les parties torsadées 6 qui l'empêchent de glisser le long de la pente.In the case of an embankment, the material 1 is unwound from its reel and placed on the ground of the embankment, the flat strips 2 being in the direction of the slope, and the twisted strips 3 being perpendicular to the slope. The twisted parts 6 form walls in the form of a helix above the ground plane. When the material is covered with soil, the latter blocks the material in position by the pressure exerted on the flat strips 2, but the soil is itself locked in position thanks to the walls formed by the twisted parts 6 which prevent it to slide along the slope.

La même opération peut être renouvelée , en superposant au-dessus du premier matériau enterré une nouvelle couche dont on remplit les contenants de sol et ainsi de suite.The same operation can be repeated, by superimposing on top of the first buried material a new layer with which the containers are filled with soil and so on.

Dans l'exemple cité, les bandes réalisées en un matériau biodégradable sont particulièrement utiles dans le cas de reconstitution de dunes avec plantation d'arbres. Les jeunes plants sont placés au droit des contenants délimités par les bandes. Au fur et à mesure que le temps passe, l'alcool polyvinylique étant soluble dans l'eau et la viscose biodégradable, les bandes se décomposent progressivement, tandis que les racines des plantations ancrent le sol. Ainsi les plantations assurent à terme le renforcement naturel du sol, et l'élimination progressive du matériau de renforcement permet le développement sans contrainte et sans pollution de ces plantations.In the example cited, the strips made of a biodegradable material are particularly useful in the case of reconstitution of dunes with planting of trees. The young plants are placed in front of the containers delimited by the bands. As time goes by, the polyvinyl alcohol being soluble in water and the biodegradable viscose, the bands gradually decompose, while the roots of the plantations anchor the soil. Plantations thus ensure the natural reinforcement of the soil in the long term, and the progressive elimination of the reinforcement material allows the development without constraint and without pollution of these plantations.

L'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple donné ci-dessus mais couvre toutes les variantes de réalisation d'un matériau tridimensionnel pour renforcement de sols constitués de bandes textiles en réseau dont au moins certaines rigidifiées sont torsadées. Par ailleurs, le terme sol ne doit pas être pris dans un sens restrictif, le matériau peut être valablement utilisé toutes les fois où l'on cherche à assurer le renforcement d'un ensemble de particules susceptibles de se déformer, par exemple neige ou béton.The invention is not limited to the example given above but covers all the variant embodiments of a three-dimensional material for reinforcing floors made up of textile webs in network, at least some of which are stiffened and twisted. In addition, the term soil should not be taken in a restrictive sense, the material can be validly used whenever one seeks to ensure the reinforcement of a set of particles liable to deform, for example snow or concrete.

Claims (7)

1. Matériau tridimensionnel pour le renforcement des sols, constitué de bandes plates, caractérisé en ce qu'il est apte à être enroulé sous forme d'une bobine , en ce qu'il est constitué d'un réseau de bandes textiles (2,3) entrecroisées et fixées les unes aux autres dans les zones communes (5) d'entrecroisement, lesdites zones (5) étant sensiblement dans un même plan correspondant au plan du sol à renforcer, et en ce qu'au moins certaines bandes textiles (3) rigidifiées sont torsadées entre deux zones consécutives d'entrecroisement (5).1. Three-dimensional material for reinforcing the soil, consisting of flat bands, characterized in that it is capable of being wound up in the form of a coil, in that it consists of a network of textile bands (2, 3) intersecting and fixed to each other in the common areas (5) of intersection, said areas (5) being substantially in the same plane corresponding to the ground plane to be reinforced, and in that at least certain textile bands ( 3) stiffened are twisted between two consecutive interlacing zones (5). 2. Matériau selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les bandes torsadées (3) ont une largeur de l'ordre de 5 à 10 centimètres.2. Material according to claim 1 characterized in that the twisted strips (3) have a width of the order of 5 to 10 centimeters. 3. Matériau selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que, étant constitué de deux jeux de bandes ,les bandes du premier jeu ayant une première direction et les bandes du second jeu ayant une seconde direction perpendiculaire à ladite première direction , l'écartement entre deux bandes du même jeu est de l'ordre de 10 à 30 centimètres.3. Material according to one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that, consisting of two sets of bands, the bands of the first set having a first direction and the bands of the second set having a second direction perpendicular to said first direction, the spacing between two strips of the same clearance is of the order of 10 to 30 centimeters. 4. Matériau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que , sur une même bande (3) , deux torsades consécutives sont alternées l'une dans une sens , et l'autre dans l'autre sens.4. Material according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that, on the same strip (3), two consecutive twists are alternated one in one direction, and the other in the other direction. 5. Matériau selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que, sur deux bandes parallèles d'un même jeu, deux torsades adjacentes sont alternées l'une dans un sens , l'autre dans l'autre sens.5. Material according to claim 3 characterized in that, on two parallel strips of the same set, two adjacent twists are alternated one in one direction, the other in the other direction. 6. Matériau selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les bandes entrecroisées sont dans une matière biodégradable.6. Material according to claim 1 characterized in that the intertwined strips are in a biodegradable material. 7. Matériau selon la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce que les bandes entrecroisées sont réalisées dans un non-tissé viscose rigidifié par de l'alcool polyvinylique.7. Material according to claim 6 characterized in that the intertwined strips are made of a viscose nonwoven stiffened with polyvinyl alcohol.
EP19890400696 1988-03-18 1989-03-14 Three-dimensional material for soil reinforcement Expired - Lifetime EP0333576B1 (en)

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FR8804113A FR2628771B1 (en) 1988-03-18 1988-03-18 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MATERIAL FOR SOIL REINFORCEMENT
FR8804113 1988-03-18

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EP0333576A2 true EP0333576A2 (en) 1989-09-20
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Cited By (5)

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EP0351229A2 (en) * 1988-07-15 1990-01-17 Helix Reinforcements Limited Improvements relating to soil reinforcement
EP0480890A1 (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-15 COMES S.p.A. A reinforced soil vegetative wall and method for realizing the same
WO1996000327A1 (en) * 1994-06-27 1996-01-04 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Moulded parts for consolidating slopes
WO1998003276A1 (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-01-29 The University Of Birmingham Concrete products
CZ303265B6 (en) * 2009-07-21 2012-07-04 Centrum dopravního výzkumu, v.v.i. Geosynthetic grid

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2292845B1 (en) 2009-07-25 2013-11-06 Centrum dopravniho vyzkumu, v.v.i. Geosynthetic reinforcement for soils
EP2292843B1 (en) 2009-07-25 2013-10-02 Centrum dopravniho vyzkumu, v.v.i. Device for laying of the geosynthetic reinforcement
EP2385174A1 (en) 2010-12-27 2011-11-09 Centrum Dopravního Vyzkumu, V.v.i. Fastening pin for geosynthetics

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0351229A2 (en) * 1988-07-15 1990-01-17 Helix Reinforcements Limited Improvements relating to soil reinforcement
EP0351229A3 (en) * 1988-07-15 1990-04-04 Helix Reinforcements Limited Improvements relating to soil reinforcement
EP0480890A1 (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-15 COMES S.p.A. A reinforced soil vegetative wall and method for realizing the same
WO1996000327A1 (en) * 1994-06-27 1996-01-04 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Moulded parts for consolidating slopes
WO1998003276A1 (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-01-29 The University Of Birmingham Concrete products
CZ303265B6 (en) * 2009-07-21 2012-07-04 Centrum dopravního výzkumu, v.v.i. Geosynthetic grid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68906931D1 (en) 1993-07-15
DE68906931T2 (en) 1993-12-16
FR2628771B1 (en) 1992-06-12
EP0333576A3 (en) 1990-12-27
EP0333576B1 (en) 1993-06-09
FR2628771A1 (en) 1989-09-22

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