EP0023871A1 - Material and device for draining, and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Material and device for draining, and manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0023871A1
EP0023871A1 EP19800401140 EP80401140A EP0023871A1 EP 0023871 A1 EP0023871 A1 EP 0023871A1 EP 19800401140 EP19800401140 EP 19800401140 EP 80401140 A EP80401140 A EP 80401140A EP 0023871 A1 EP0023871 A1 EP 0023871A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drainage
reinforcement
drainage device
textile
lateral
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EP19800401140
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joseph Glasser
François Lede
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Cofrad A Responsabilite Dite Ltee Ste
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Cofrad A Responsabilite Dite Ltee Ste
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Application filed by Cofrad A Responsabilite Dite Ltee Ste filed Critical Cofrad A Responsabilite Dite Ltee Ste
Publication of EP0023871A1 publication Critical patent/EP0023871A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a material allowing the production of a drainage device which can be used to collect and evacuate water from a ground as well as to the process for manufacturing this material.
  • this device has drawbacks which make it difficult to use in practice and in particular in the case where it is necessary to place the drainage device in a substantially horizontal position. for example in the case where this device is applied to the drainage of a roadway, a track or a railway. In this case, in fact, the drainage device is subjected to significant crushing forces which would cause its deterioration.
  • the main object of the invention is therefore the production of a material and of a drainage device which allow use in any position even in the case where the device must be able to be subjected to a significant crushing force perpendicularly to his plan.
  • the invention also relates to such a drainage device which is much simpler to manufacture than devices of known type and which makes it possible to ensure both the drainage of groundwater without any risk of clogging even in the long term. while playing the role of a watertight screen preventing any flow from one side to the other of the drainage device.
  • the drainage material of the invention comprises an internal reinforcement of generally flat shape ensuring the channeling of water from the basement and made of a waterproof material.
  • the frame is covered on both sides by a filter layer.
  • the internal frame has a multitude of bosses and corresponding cells, the summits of which come into contact with the two aforementioned filter layers so as to define two sets of sinuous channels for the passage of water from the basement. cooperating respectively with one of the aforementioned filter layers.
  • Each of these sets of channels is separate from the other. together by the watertight reinforcement so that the water in the basement after having passed through the filtering layer and thus being freed of any fine particle of earth is channeled under the action of gravity by the internal reinforcement and cannot pass through the latter thus not running the risk of escaping from the drainage device.
  • the various bosses and corresponding cells are preferably arranged in staggered rows which allows both easy manufacture and great resistance to the crushing of the whole.
  • the filter layers are advantageously produced by means of woven or non-woven textile sheets based on long synthetic fibers resistant to the action of chemical agents possibly carried by groundwater.
  • the fixing of the textile layers on the tops of the bosses of the internal reinforcement can be done by any suitable means. This fixing is preferably carried out by gluing.
  • the tops of the bosses which also form the bottoms of the corresponding cells are preferably substantially planar.
  • the textile layers may not be glued to the tops of the reinforcements, the surrounding terrain then alone providing the pressure necessary for contact.
  • the drainage device according to the invention produced by means of the aforementioned drainage material further comprises at least one drainage pipe perforated on a part of the surface and surrounded on its periphery by lateral end portions of the two aforementioned filter layers.
  • the internal reinforcement of the drainage material according to the invention advantageously has a width less than that of the two filter layers which therefore each have a lateral portion free of internal reinforcement.
  • the perforated drainage pipe can therefore be easily threaded inside the flexible duct formed by the two aforementioned lateral portions, the free edges of which can be suitably secured by any suitable means.
  • the drainage pipe thus collects the water coming from all the channels of the internal reinforcement and evacuates it by its given portion of perforation playing the role of evacuation pipe.
  • the free edges of the two lateral portions intended to surround the drainage pipe are secured by a seam line.
  • the edges of the two filter layers are more preferably connected to each other for example by means of seam lines so as to completely enclose the internal reinforcement.
  • the aforementioned drainage pipe can be located approximately in the extension of the plane of the internal reinforcement.
  • the internal reinforcement can, on the contrary, extend and come into tangential contact with the drainage pipe, the textile layers enclosing the assembly.
  • additional drainage means are provided which are arranged opposite the aforementioned drainage pipe with respect to the internal reinforcement and substantially parallel to said pipe. These additional drainage means are arranged substantially horizontally near the surface of the ground so as to collect the runoff water.
  • the internal reinforcement disposed substantially vertically, and the drainage pipe, ensure the drainage and evacuation of the water as before.
  • Such additional drainage means can be constituted by gravel placed over a certain height of the order of 10 cm. They may also include a second drainage pipe, this time perforated over its entire surface and enclosed by the aforementioned textile layers.
  • the second drainage pipe is arranged in the vicinity of the ground surface and parallel to the aforementioned first drainage pipe.
  • each filtering layer may have at least one lateral portion free of internal reinforcement on the edge of the reinforcement.
  • the entire drainage device can then be constituted by the assembly of several identical elements via said respective portions of each of the elements with a certain overlap.
  • the elements can be arranged superimposed on the drainage pipe or side by side depending on the applications.
  • the invention also relates to a process for the continuous production of a drainage material.
  • a process for the continuous production of a drainage material According to this process, one starts from a flat sheet of thermoplastic material wound in a coil. We first of all raise the temperature by heating the flat sheet in order to make it more malleable. It is then passed between two calendering rollers having on their periphery a plurality of fingers which deform the thermoplastic sheet passing between said rollers. A textile sheet is then fixed, for example by gluing to the major part of each face of the continuous strip of honeycomb reinforcement thus obtained, leaving a lateral portion of said sheets on one or more of the lateral sides of the continuous honeycomb strip textiles extending beyond the edge or edges of the honeycomb reinforcement.
  • the continuous strip of drainage material is then finished by making seam lines so as to possibly subject the respective edges of the two textile sheets.
  • a preferred method is connected together the outer edges of two lateral portions of textile sheets by means of a seam line so as to leave a longitudinal pocket intended to allow the mounting of a drainage pipe by sliding inside from said pocket.
  • the drainage device of the invention comprises a drainage material referenced 1 as a whole and a drainage pipe 2 provided on the upper part of its periphery with perforations 3.
  • the drainage material comprises an internal reinforcement 4 of generally planar shape produced from a sheet of thermoplastic material of suitable thickness and waterproof.
  • This sheet has a honeycomb structure constituted by a multitude of bosses 5 and corresponding cells 6.
  • the various bosses and cells have flattened vertices of substantially circular shape as can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • the junction surfaces between a vertex 5 and a neighboring cell 6, if one considers one of the faces of the frame 4, have curved shapes resulting as will be seen from the manufacture of said frame.
  • the different bosses 5 are arranged as seen in FIG. 2 in rows and staggered thus defining sinuous passages materialized by the arrows 7 in FIG. 2 the water tending to flow each time from a top 5 towards the hollow of a cell 6.
  • the internal frame 4 is covered on its two faces by a filtering layer 8, 9 each consisting of a sheet of nonwoven of long synthetic fibers fixed by gluing to the substantially flat tops of the various external bosses 5.
  • the glued surfaces are referenced 5a. It will of course be understood that this fixing could be done by any other means such as heat sealing or equivalent.
  • the nonwoven could be replaced by a textile in woven material insofar as this textile would be able to play the role of filter thus avoiding the passage of fine particles of soil which would risk clogging the drainage device.
  • the filter sheets 8 and 9 are secured by a seam line 10 to the upper part in FIG. 3 and 11 at the lower part thus completely surrounding the internal frame 4.
  • the total width of the internal frame 4 is less than that of the two filter layers 8 and 9, which therefore each have a lateral portion 12, 13 whose extreme edges are secured by means of a seam line 14 so to define a pocket which can receive as seen in figs. 2 and 3 the drainage pipe 2.
  • the dimensions of said pocket are therefore chosen so as to be suitably adapted without excessive tightening to the outside diameter of the drainage pipe 2.
  • honeycomb structure of the internal frame 4 with its multiple bosses arranged in staggered rows makes it possible to use the drainage device in an almost horizontal position even in the case where it risks being subjected to significant crushing forces the particular structure of the internal reinforcement 4 making it possible, even in this case, to ensure excellent resistance to the drainage device of the invention.
  • the material of the invention can easily be manufactured continuously on the installation shown schematically in FIG. 1 in section.
  • a flat sheet of thermoplastic material 16 is unwound from a reel 17, then is subjected to the action of a heating device 18.
  • the sheet of thermoplastic material 16 is subjected to the action of two calendering rollers 19 and 20 comprising on their periphery a plurality of pins or fingers of substantially cylindrical shape and referenced 21. These fingers are arranged so as to produce the various bosses and cells 5 and 6 in staggered rows visible in fig. 2 and 3. Note the great simplicity of the manufacturing method of the invention which allows by the simple use of forming fingers of substantially cylindrical structure to achieve the honeycomb structure shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the ends of the fingers 21 in fact cause a deformation of the thermoplastic material so that the surfaces bordering the respective vertices of the different bosses 5 have a concave shape 22 as can be seen in FIG. 3 which is attached to a corresponding convex shape 22a of the neighboring cell 6.
  • a suitable spacing of the fingers 21 of the two calendering rollers 19 and 20 makes it possible to adapt the inclination of these connecting surfaces 22 and 22a.
  • the continuous honeycomb strip 23 coming from the calendering rollers passes between two sizing rollers 24 which deposit bosses on the two faces of the planar tops.
  • the blister strip 23 has a suitable adhesive.
  • Two continuous strips of textile material 25 and 26 are unwound at the same speed as the thermoplastic sheet 16 from the reels 27 and 28 and applied by means of pressing and gluing rollers 29 and 30 to the two faces of the continuous honeycomb strip 23. The resulting material is wound on the reel 31.
  • continuous textile bands 25 and 26 are used which are wider than that of the honeycomb band 23 which is glued onto all the tops of the bosses of its two surfaces.
  • FIG. 4 A first variant is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the drainage pipe 2 will be arranged along the length of a first drainage element 32 comprising on its two lateral edges portions exceeding the width of the internal frame 4.
  • the first lateral portion 33 makes it possible to define a pocket for the insertion of the drainage pipe 2.
  • the second lateral portion 34 cooperates with a corresponding lateral portion of a second drainage element 35 identical to the element 32.
  • the two sheets which constitute the lateral portion 34 cover the two corresponding sheets of the lateral portion of the element 35.
  • a third element 36 identical to the previous two is still connected in the same way with overlapping by its lateral portion to that of the element 35.
  • the fixings of the various elements between them can be carried out in any suitable manner and for example by means of seams securing the different respective lateral portions of the filter layers of each of the elements.
  • the fastening lines or seam lines will be parallel to the longitudinally disposed drainage pipe.
  • the drainage device comprises a drainage pipe 2 arranged on the short side of three drainage elements 37, 38 and 39 which are fixed respectively along fixing or sewing lines perpendicular to the axis of the drainage pipe 2
  • the lateral portions of each of the drainage elements 37 to 39 overlap each other and thus ensure the fixing of the assembly for example by means of seam lines.
  • the drainage device is preferably placed substantially vertically, the covering of the various elements taking place by their lateral portions made of textile material.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates another possibility of covering which can be used either for a vertical application, or preferably for an almost horizontal application of the drainage device.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 there are shown three identical elements 40, 41 and 42 which have the structure illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 and whose internal frames 4 have been shown to simplify the drawing in the form of a simple zigzag. It should however be understood that the structure of these internal reinforcements 4 is the same as that shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the filter sheets 8 and 9 being fixed for example by bonding to the major part of the two faces of said internal frames 4 by means of the substantially flat portions not shown in FIG. 6 of their respective bosses.
  • the whole of the drainage material in this embodiment, consists of the assembly of identical elements 40, 41 and 42 by covering the respective lateral portions.
  • the lateral border of the internal frame 4 of the element 41 comprises a zone 43 which is covered on its upper face by a lateral portion 44 of the textile sheet 8 which can extend over the entire zone 43 or possibly beyond the edge of the frame 4.
  • This lateral portion 44 is not fixed by gluing in the area 43 of the border and is free as can be seen in FIG. 6.
  • the internal reinforcement 4 is free of sheet ⁇ filtering textile, the edge of the sheet 9 stopping before zone 43.
  • the opposite edge of the frame 4 of the element 41 comprises a zone 45 produced in reverse, the lateral portion 46 not fixed by gluing of the textile sheet 9 located on the underside of the element 41 relative to the fig. 6.
  • the internal reinforcement 4 is free of textile sheet, the sheet 8 stopping before zone 45.
  • the total width of the filtering textile sheets 8 and 9 of element 41 is the same and substantially equal to the width of the internal frame 4.
  • the filter sheets 8 and 9 are however fixed on the two faces of the internal frame by being offset in a horizontal plane one by compared to each other.
  • the lateral border of the elements 40 and 42 is produced in the same way. It is therefore possible to assemble the different elements 40, 41 and 42 by engaging the respective lateral edges of two neighboring elements one inside the other.
  • the border area 43 of the element 41 engages by its bosses in the cells of the corresponding area of the element 40.
  • Such engagement is made possible by the absence of textile sheet on the underside of the internal frame 4 of the element 41 in this border area 43 as well as by the absence of bonding of the lateral portion 44 of the upper sheet 8 of the element 41.
  • the lateral portion 44 also covers the filtering layer 8 of the element 40 while the lateral portion 47 of the lower sheet 9 of the element 40 covers the filter sheet 9 of the element 41.
  • Fig. 7 schematically illustrates an application of a drainage device according to the invention in a substantially horizontal position.
  • the drainage device comprises a drainage material 48 obtained for example by the assembly of several identical elements as shown in FIG. 6.
  • Le. ceremonies further comprises two perforated drainage pipes 49 and 50 arranged laterally on the two edges of a strip of great length of said material for example as illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 5.
  • the drainage device is covered with an upper support sublayer 53 coated with the wearing layer 54 intended to produce a road surface, for example a road or motorway.
  • the drainage material 48 prevents the upwelling of water from the natural terrain 51 through the lower support sub-layer 52, which rise would be due to the thrusts resulting from the passage of vehicles on the roadway 54. Furthermore, if said roadway 54 is porous, the installation of the drainage material 48 prevents the passage of water from the upper sub-layer 53 towards the lower sub-layer 52 which prevents degradation of the support of the roadway.
  • the drainage water captured by the material 48 flows through the substantially vertical portions 48b and 48c in the direction of the two drainage pipes 49 and 50 through which it is discharged.
  • the thickness of the thermoplastic materials forming the internal reinforcement of the material of the invention can be chosen as the thickness of the filtering textile sheets according to the applications.
  • the drainage material of the invention can be used to make drainage devices which can be installed in all cases where traditional horizontal or vertical drainage methods are usually applied each time the water from a ground can be captured or discharged by gravity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

A drainage device comprises an inner core 4 formed with a number of projections 5 and corresponding recesses 6 having flat apexes or tops and disposed in staggered rows, to define non-linear drainage channels between the core and two non-woven fitter sheets 8, 9 which are mounted adjacent the two surfaces of core 4. A drain pipe 2 is inserted between two extending edge portions 12, 13 of the filter sheets 8 and 9. The drainage device, when disposed underground, can thus collect underground water, which is suitably filtered by sheets 8, 9 and flows through the channels adjacent core 4 so as to be discharged through pipe 2. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention est relative à un matériau permettant la réalisation d'un dispositif de drainage pouvant être utilisé pour capter et évacuer l'eau d'un terrain ainsi qu'au procédé de fabrication de ce matériau.The present invention relates to a material allowing the production of a drainage device which can be used to collect and evacuate water from a ground as well as to the process for manufacturing this material.

Dans les méthodes de drainage traditionnelles on utilise habituellement des tuyaux convenablement perforés ou en matériaux poreux disposés dans le fond d'une tranchée et recouvert de cailloux ou de gravillons. La granulométrie de ces gravillons est importante pour éviter le colmatage de la couche supérieure qui rendrait inefficace le drain dans son ensemble. Par ailleurs, ces méthodes traditionnelles nécessitent par leur principe même l'évacuation d'un volume. important du terrain provenant de la fouille et destiné à être remplacé par les gravillons précités.In traditional drainage methods, usually suitably perforated pipes or pipes made of porous materials are placed in the bottom of a trench and covered with pebbles or gravel. The grain size of these gravel is important to avoid clogging of the upper layer which would render the drain as a whole ineffective. Furthermore, these traditional methods require by their very principle the evacuation of a volume. significant amount of ground from the excavation and intended to be replaced by the aforementioned gravel.

Pour améliorer ces méthodes de drainage on a déjà préconisé dans le brevet U.S. 3.563.038 d'utiliser des feuilles de textile jouant le rôle de filtre pour le passage de l'eau contenue dans le sous-sol et coopérant avec une armature qui peut être réalisée en métal déployé ou au moyen d'un élément en matière plastique ondulé de façon à canaliser l'eau ainsi filtrée et à la diriger vers un tuyau de drainage perforé. Un tel dispositif de drainage permet d'éviter l'utilisation et la mise en place des cailloux ou gravillons qui constituaient les drains traditionnels. Il en résulte qu'il n'est plus nécessaire d'évacuer à la décharge la terre provenant de la fouille. L'utilisation à titre de filtre d'une feuille textile en tissu ou en non-tissé à base de fibres synthétiques enserrant complétement l'armature et le tuyau de drainage permet par ailleurs d'obtenir un dispositif de drainage ne risquant pas de se colmater et facile à mettre en oeuvre du fait de sa grande légèreté.To improve these drainage methods, it has already been recommended in US Pat. No. 3,563,038 to use textile sheets acting as a filter for the passage of the water contained in the basement and cooperating with a frame which can be made of expanded metal or by means of a corrugated plastic element so as to channel the water thus filtered and to direct it towards a perforated drainage pipe. Such a drainage device makes it possible to avoid the use and installation of pebbles or gravel which constituted the traditional drains. As a result, it is no longer necessary to discharge the earth from the excavation to the landfill. The use of a textile sheet of fabric or nonwoven based on synthetic fibers as a filter completely enclosing the reinforcement and the drainage pipe also makes it possible to obtain a drainage device which is not liable to become clogged. and easy to use due to its great lightness.

Malgré ces avantages, ce dispositif présente des inconvénients qui rendent difficile son utilisation dans la pratique et notamment dans le cas où il est nécessaire de placer le dispositif de drainage en position sensiblement horizontale par exemple dans le cas où ce dispositif est applique au drainage d'une chaussée, d'une piste ou d'une voie ferrée. Dans ce cas en effet, le dispositif de drainage est soumis à des efforts d'écrasement importants qui entraîneraient sa détérioration.Despite these advantages, this device has drawbacks which make it difficult to use in practice and in particular in the case where it is necessary to place the drainage device in a substantially horizontal position. for example in the case where this device is applied to the drainage of a roadway, a track or a railway. In this case, in fact, the drainage device is subjected to significant crushing forces which would cause its deterioration.

L'invention a donc principalement pour objet la réalisation d'un matériau et d'un dispositif de drainage qui permettent une utilisation dans n'importe quelle position même dans le cas où le dispositif doit pouvoir être soumis à un effort d'écrasement important perpendiculairement à son plan. L'invention a également pour objet un tel dispositif de drainage qui soit nettement plus simple à fabriquer que les dispositifs de type connu et qui permette d'assurer à la fois le drainage des eaux souterraines sans aucun risque de.-colmatage même à long terme tout en en jouant un rôle d'écran étanche à l'eau empêchant tout écoulement d'un côté à l'autre du dispositif de drainage.The main object of the invention is therefore the production of a material and of a drainage device which allow use in any position even in the case where the device must be able to be subjected to a significant crushing force perpendicularly to his plan. The invention also relates to such a drainage device which is much simpler to manufacture than devices of known type and which makes it possible to ensure both the drainage of groundwater without any risk of clogging even in the long term. while playing the role of a watertight screen preventing any flow from one side to the other of the drainage device.

Le matériau de drainage de l'invention comporte une armature interne de forme générale plane assurant la canalisation de l'eau du sous-sol et réalisée en un matériau étanche à l'eau. L'armature est recouverte sur ses deux faces par une couche filtrante. Selon l'invention l'armature interne présente une multitude de bossages et d'alvéoles correspondants dont les sommets viennent en contact avec les deux couches filtrantes précitées de façon à définir deux ensembles de canaux sinueux pour le passage de l'eau du sous-sol coopérant respectivement avec l'une des couches filtrantes précitées. Chacun de ces ensembles de canaux se trouve séparé de l'autre . ensemble par l'armature étanche de sorte que l'eau du sous-sol après avoir traversé la couche filtrante et être ainsi débarrassée de toute particule fine de terre est canalisée sous l'action de la gravité par l'armature interne et ne peut traverser cette dernière ne risquant ainsi pas d'échapper au dispositif de drainage.The drainage material of the invention comprises an internal reinforcement of generally flat shape ensuring the channeling of water from the basement and made of a waterproof material. The frame is covered on both sides by a filter layer. According to the invention, the internal frame has a multitude of bosses and corresponding cells, the summits of which come into contact with the two aforementioned filter layers so as to define two sets of sinuous channels for the passage of water from the basement. cooperating respectively with one of the aforementioned filter layers. Each of these sets of channels is separate from the other. together by the watertight reinforcement so that the water in the basement after having passed through the filtering layer and thus being freed of any fine particle of earth is channeled under the action of gravity by the internal reinforcement and cannot pass through the latter thus not running the risk of escaping from the drainage device.

Les différents bossages et alvéoles correspondants sont de préférence disposés par rangées en quinconce ce qui permet à la fois une fabrication aisée et une grande résistance à l'écrasement de l'ensemble. Les couches filtrantes sont avantageusement réalisées au moyen de feuilles de textile tissées ou non-tissées à base de fibres synthétiques longues résistant à l'action des agents chimiques éventuellement véhiculés par les eaux souterraines. La fixation des couches textiles sur les sommets des bossages de l'armature interne peut se faire par tout moyen approprié. Cette fixation est de préférence réalisée par collage. Pour améliorer la fixation ainsi que la résistance à l'écrasement de l'armature interne, les sommets des bossages qui forment également les fonds des alvéoles correspondants sont de préférence sensiblement plans. Dans un autre mode de réalisation les couches textiles peuvent ne pas être collée sur les sommets des armatures, le terrain avoisinant assurant alors à lui seul la pression nécessaire au contact.The various bosses and corresponding cells are preferably arranged in staggered rows which allows both easy manufacture and great resistance to the crushing of the whole. The filter layers are advantageously produced by means of woven or non-woven textile sheets based on long synthetic fibers resistant to the action of chemical agents possibly carried by groundwater. The fixing of the textile layers on the tops of the bosses of the internal reinforcement can be done by any suitable means. This fixing is preferably carried out by gluing. To improve the fixation as well as the resistance to crushing of the internal reinforcement, the tops of the bosses which also form the bottoms of the corresponding cells are preferably substantially planar. In another embodiment, the textile layers may not be glued to the tops of the reinforcements, the surrounding terrain then alone providing the pressure necessary for contact.

Le dispositif de drainage selon l'invention réalisé au moyen du matériau de drainage précité comporte en outre au moins un tuyau de drainage perforé sur une partie de la surface et entouré sur sa périphérie par des portions latérales d'extrémité des deux couches filtrantes précitées. Dans ce but, l'armature interne du matériau de drainage selon l'invention présente avantageusement une largeur inférieure à celle des deux couches filtrantes qui comportent de ce fait chacune une portion latérale exempte d'armature interne. Le tuyau de drainage perforé peut donc être aisément enfilé à l'intérieur du conduit souple formé par les deux portions latérales précitées dont les bords libres peuvent être convenablement assujettis par tout moyen approprié. Le tuyau de drainage recueille ainsi les eaux provenant de l'ensemble des canaux de l'armature interne et les évacue par sa portion donnée de perforation jouant le rôle de canalisation d'évacuation.The drainage device according to the invention produced by means of the aforementioned drainage material further comprises at least one drainage pipe perforated on a part of the surface and surrounded on its periphery by lateral end portions of the two aforementioned filter layers. For this purpose, the internal reinforcement of the drainage material according to the invention advantageously has a width less than that of the two filter layers which therefore each have a lateral portion free of internal reinforcement. The perforated drainage pipe can therefore be easily threaded inside the flexible duct formed by the two aforementioned lateral portions, the free edges of which can be suitably secured by any suitable means. The drainage pipe thus collects the water coming from all the channels of the internal reinforcement and evacuates it by its given portion of perforation playing the role of evacuation pipe.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré les bords libres des deux portions latérales destinés à entourer le tuyau de drainage sont assujettis par une ligne de couture. Les bords des deux couches filtrantes sont de plus de préférence reliées entre elles par exemple au moyen de lignes de couture de façon à enserrer complétement l'armature interne.In a preferred embodiment, the free edges of the two lateral portions intended to surround the drainage pipe are secured by a seam line. The edges of the two filter layers are more preferably connected to each other for example by means of seam lines so as to completely enclose the internal reinforcement.

Le tuyau de drainage précité peut se trouver approximativement dans le prolongement du plan de l'armature interne. Dans une variante, l'armature interne peut au contraire se prolonger et venir en contact tangentiellement avec le tuyau de drainage, les couches textiles venant enserrer l'ensemble.The aforementioned drainage pipe can be located approximately in the extension of the plane of the internal reinforcement. In a variant, the internal reinforcement can, on the contrary, extend and come into tangential contact with the drainage pipe, the textile layers enclosing the assembly.

Dans un mode de réalisation également avantageux, on prévoit des moyens supplémentaires de drainage disposés à l'opposé du tuyau de drainage précité par rapport à l'armature interne et sensiblement parallèlement audit tuyau. Ces moyens supplémentaires de drainage sont disposés sensiblement horizontalement à proximité de la surface du sol de façon à collecter les eaux de ruissellement. L'armature interne disposée sensiblement verticalement, et le tuyau de drainage, assurent le drainage et l'évacuation des eaux comme-précédemment.In an embodiment which is also advantageous, additional drainage means are provided which are arranged opposite the aforementioned drainage pipe with respect to the internal reinforcement and substantially parallel to said pipe. These additional drainage means are arranged substantially horizontally near the surface of the ground so as to collect the runoff water. The internal reinforcement disposed substantially vertically, and the drainage pipe, ensure the drainage and evacuation of the water as before.

De tels moyens supplémentaires de drainage peuvent être constitués par des graviers disposés sur une certaine hauteur de l'ordre de 10 cm. Ils peuvent également comprendre un deuxième tuyau de drainage perforé cette fois sur toute sa surface et enserré par les couches textiles précitées. Le deuxième tuyau de drainage est disposé au voisinage de la surface du sol et parallèlement au premier tuyau de drainage précité.Such additional drainage means can be constituted by gravel placed over a certain height of the order of 10 cm. They may also include a second drainage pipe, this time perforated over its entire surface and enclosed by the aforementioned textile layers. The second drainage pipe is arranged in the vicinity of the ground surface and parallel to the aforementioned first drainage pipe.

Dans le cas où le dispositif de drainage doit présenter de grandes dimensions on peut prévoir que chaque couche filtrante présente au moins une portion latérale exempte d'armature interne sur le bord de l'armature. L'ensemble du dispositif de drainage peut alors être constitué par l'assemblage de plusieurs éléments identiques par l'intermédiaire desdites portions respectives de chacun des éléments avec un certain recouvrement. Les éléments peuvent être disposés de manière superposée par rapport au tuyau de drainage ou côte à côte selon les applications.In the case where the drainage device must have large dimensions, provision may be made for each filtering layer to have at least one lateral portion free of internal reinforcement on the edge of the reinforcement. The entire drainage device can then be constituted by the assembly of several identical elements via said respective portions of each of the elements with a certain overlap. The elements can be arranged superimposed on the drainage pipe or side by side depending on the applications.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication en continu d'un matériau de drainage. Selon ce procédé on part d'une feuille plane en matière thermoplastique enroulée en bobine. On procède tout d'abord à une élévation de température par chauffage de la feuille plane afin de la rendre plus malléable. On la fait ensuite passer entre deux rouleaux de calandrage présentant sur leur périphérie une pluralité de doigts qui déforment la feuille thermoplastique passant entre lesdits rouleaux. On fixe ensuite par exemple par collage sur la majeure partie de chaque face de la bande continue d'armature alvéolée ainsi obtenue, une feuille textile en laissant subsister sur l'un ou plusieurs des côtés latéraux de la bande continue alvéolée une portion latérale desdites feuilles textiles s'étendant au-delà du ou des bords de l'armature alvéolée.The invention also relates to a process for the continuous production of a drainage material. According to this process, one starts from a flat sheet of thermoplastic material wound in a coil. We first of all raise the temperature by heating the flat sheet in order to make it more malleable. It is then passed between two calendering rollers having on their periphery a plurality of fingers which deform the thermoplastic sheet passing between said rollers. A textile sheet is then fixed, for example by gluing to the major part of each face of the continuous strip of honeycomb reinforcement thus obtained, leaving a lateral portion of said sheets on one or more of the lateral sides of the continuous honeycomb strip textiles extending beyond the edge or edges of the honeycomb reinforcement.

On procède ensuite éventuellement à la finition de la bande continue de matériau de drainage en réalisant des lignes de couture de manière à assujettir éventuellement les bords respectifs des deux feuilles textiles. Dans. un procédé préféré on relie entre eux les bords externes de deux portions latérales de feuilles textiles au moyen d'une ligne de couture de façon à laisser subsister une poche longitudinale destinée à permettre le montage d'un tuyau de drainage par glissement à l'intérieur de ladite poche.Optionally, the continuous strip of drainage material is then finished by making seam lines so as to possibly subject the respective edges of the two textile sheets. In. a preferred method is connected together the outer edges of two lateral portions of textile sheets by means of a seam line so as to leave a longitudinal pocket intended to allow the mounting of a drainage pipe by sliding inside from said pocket.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l'étude de la description détaillée faite à titre d'exemples nullement limitatifs de quelques modes de réalisation illustrés par les dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la fig. 1 est une vue schématique d'une installation permettant la fabrication en continu du matériau de drainage de la présente invention;
  • la fig. 2 est une vue partielle en élévation comprenant un arrachement partiel d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de drainage selon la présente invention;
  • la fig. 3 est une vue en coupe selon III-III du dispositif de drainage de la fig. 2;
  • la fig. 4 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de drainage selon l'invention;
  • la fig. 5 est une vue analogue à la fig. 4 d'une variante du dispositif de drainage selon l'invention;
  • la fig. 6 est une vue schématique agrandie en coupe transversale d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de drainage illustrant en particulier la jonction entre les différents éléments qui le constituent;
  • la fig. 7 montre schématiquement en coupe la disposition sensiblement horizontale d'un dispositif de drainage de l'invention.
The present invention will be better understood on studying the detailed description given by way of nonlimiting examples of some embodiments illustrated by the appended drawings, in which:
  • fig. 1 is a schematic view of an installation allowing the continuous production of the drainage material of the present invention;
  • fig. 2 is a partial view in elevation comprising a partial cutaway of a first embodiment of a drainage device according to the present invention;
  • fig. 3 is a sectional view along III-III of the drainage device of FIG. 2;
  • fig. 4 is a schematic elevational view of another embodiment of a drainage device according to the invention;
  • fig. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of a variant of the drainage device according to the invention;
  • fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view in cross section of another embodiment of a drainage device illustrating in particular the junction between the various elements which constitute it;
  • fig. 7 schematically shows in section the substantially horizontal arrangement of a drainage device of the invention.

En se reportant tout d'abord aux fig. 2 et 3, on voit que dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur ces figures le dispositif de drainage de l'invention comprend un matériau de drainage référencé 1 dans son ensemble et un tuyau de drainage 2 muni sur la partie supérieure de sa périphérie de perforations 3. Le matériau de drainage comprend une armature interne 4 de forme générale plane réalisée à partir- d'une feuille en matériau thermoplastique d'épaisseur convenable et étanche à l'eau. Cette feuille présente une structure alvéolée constituée par une multitude de bossages 5-et d'alvéoles correspondants 6. Les différents bossages et alvéoles présentent des sommets aplatis de forme sensiblement circulaire comme on peut le voir sur la fig. 2. Les surfaces de jonction entre un sommet 5 et un alvéole 6 voisins, si l'on considère l'une des faces de l'armature 4, présentent des formes courbes résultant comme on le verra de la fabrication de ladite armature.Referring first to Figs. 2 and 3, we see that in the embodiment illustrated in these figures the drainage device of the invention comprises a drainage material referenced 1 as a whole and a drainage pipe 2 provided on the upper part of its periphery with perforations 3. The drainage material comprises an internal reinforcement 4 of generally planar shape produced from a sheet of thermoplastic material of suitable thickness and waterproof. This sheet has a honeycomb structure constituted by a multitude of bosses 5 and corresponding cells 6. The various bosses and cells have flattened vertices of substantially circular shape as can be seen in FIG. 2. The junction surfaces between a vertex 5 and a neighboring cell 6, if one considers one of the faces of the frame 4, have curved shapes resulting as will be seen from the manufacture of said frame.

Les différents bossages 5 sont disposés comme on le voit sur la fig. 2 par rangées et en quinconce définissant ainsi des passages sinueux matérialisés par les flèches 7 sur la fig. 2 l'eau ayant tendance à s'écouler chaque fois d'un sommet 5 vers le creux d'un alvéole 6. L'armature interne 4 est recouverte sur ses deux faces par une couche filtrante 8, 9 constituée chacune par une feuille en non-tissé en fibres synthétiques longues fixée par collage sur les sommets sensiblement plans des différents bossages externes 5. Sur la fig. 3 où les épaisseurs ont été exagérées pour faciliter la compréhension, les surfaces encollées sont référencées 5a. On comprendra bien entendu que cette fixation pourrait être faite par tout autre moyen tel que le thermosoudage ou équivalent. Par ailleurs, le non-tissé pourrait être remplacé par un textile en matériau tissé dans la mesure où ce textile serait apte à jouer le rôle de filtre évitant ainsi le passage des particules fines de terre qui risqueraient de colmater le dispositif de drainage.The different bosses 5 are arranged as seen in FIG. 2 in rows and staggered thus defining sinuous passages materialized by the arrows 7 in FIG. 2 the water tending to flow each time from a top 5 towards the hollow of a cell 6. The internal frame 4 is covered on its two faces by a filtering layer 8, 9 each consisting of a sheet of nonwoven of long synthetic fibers fixed by gluing to the substantially flat tops of the various external bosses 5. In FIG. 3 where the thicknesses have been exaggerated to facilitate understanding, the glued surfaces are referenced 5a. It will of course be understood that this fixing could be done by any other means such as heat sealing or equivalent. In addition, the nonwoven could be replaced by a textile in woven material insofar as this textile would be able to play the role of filter thus avoiding the passage of fine particles of soil which would risk clogging the drainage device.

Sur les deux bords latéraux de l'armature 4, les feuilles filtrantes 8 et 9 sont assujetties par une ligne de couture 10 à la partie supérieure sur la fig. 3 et 11 à la partie inférieure entourant ainsi complètement l'armature interne 4. Bien que cette disposition permette d'assurer le meilleur filtrage possible on pourrait cependant envisager dans certaines applications de laisser libre le bord supérieur de l'armature interne 4 en supprimant la ligne de couture 10.On the two lateral edges of the frame 4, the filter sheets 8 and 9 are secured by a seam line 10 to the upper part in FIG. 3 and 11 at the lower part thus completely surrounding the internal frame 4. Although this arrangement makes it possible to ensure the best possible filtering, it could however be envisaged in certain applications to leave free the upper edge of the internal frame 4 by removing the seam line 10.

La largeur totale de l'armature interne 4 est inférieure à celle des deux couches filtrantes 8 et 9-qui comportent de ce fait chacune une portion latérale 12, 13 dont les bords extrêmes sont assujettis au moyen d'une ligne de couture 14 de façon à définir une poche qui peut recevoir comme on le voit sur les fig. 2 et 3 le tuyau de drainage 2. Les dimensions de ladite poche sont donc choisies de façon à être convenablement adaptées sans serrage excessif au diamètre extérieur du tuyau de drainage 2.The total width of the internal frame 4 is less than that of the two filter layers 8 and 9, which therefore each have a lateral portion 12, 13 whose extreme edges are secured by means of a seam line 14 so to define a pocket which can receive as seen in figs. 2 and 3 the drainage pipe 2. The dimensions of said pocket are therefore chosen so as to be suitably adapted without excessive tightening to the outside diameter of the drainage pipe 2.

Lorsque l'ensemble du dispositif de drainage a été placé dans une tranchée du terrain à assainir, le tuyau de drainage 2 étant placé soit à la partie inférieure du dispositif sensiblement vertical, soit sur le côté du dispositif placé de façon quasi horizontale, l'ensemble fonctionne de la manière suivante. Les eaux souterraines peuvent pénétrer à partir des deux faces du matériau de drainage 1 soit en traversant la couche filtrante 8, soit en traversant la couche filtrante 9. Au passage les eaux souterraines filtrées sont débarrassées des particules fines de terre. Les eaux ruisselent ensuite de chaque côté de l'armature interne 4 sans risquer de ressortir de l'autre côté du matériau de drainage compte tenu de l'étanchéité de la feuille de matière plastique qui constitue l'armature 4. L'eau ainsi collectée s'écoule par gravité jusque dans la région de la poche constituée par les portions latérales 12 et 13, l'eau pénétrant alors par les perforations 3 dans le tuyau de drainage 2. On notera que ce dernier ne'comporte pas de perforations dans sa partie basse qui forme ainsi un canal de drainage étanche permettant l'évacuation de l'eau de drainage visible en 15 sur la fig. 3.When the entire drainage device has been placed in a trench of the ground to be sanitized, the drainage pipe 2 being placed either at the bottom of the substantially vertical device, or on the side of the device placed almost horizontally, the together works in the following way. Groundwater can penetrate from both sides of the drainage material 1 either by crossing the filtering layer 8, or by crossing the filtering layer 9. In passing, the filtered groundwater is freed of fine particles of soil. The water then flows on each side of the internal reinforcement 4 without risking to come out on the other side of the drainage material taking into account the tightness of the plastic sheet which constitutes the reinforcement 4. The water thus collected flows by gravity into the region of the pocket formed by the lateral portions 12 and 13, the water then penetrating through the perforations 3 into the drainage pipe 2. It will be noted that the latter does not include perforations in its lower part which thus forms a sealed drainage channel allowing the drainage of the drainage water visible at 15 in FIG. 3.

La structure alvéolée de l'armature interne 4 avec ses bossages multiples disposés en quinconce permet d'utiliser le dispositif de drainage en position quasi horizontale même dans le cas où il risque d'être soumis à d'importants efforts d'écrasement la structure particulière de l'armature interne 4 permettant d'assurer même dans ce cas une excellente tenue au dispositif de drainage de l'invention.The honeycomb structure of the internal frame 4 with its multiple bosses arranged in staggered rows makes it possible to use the drainage device in an almost horizontal position even in the case where it risks being subjected to significant crushing forces the particular structure of the internal reinforcement 4 making it possible, even in this case, to ensure excellent resistance to the drainage device of the invention.

Le matériau de l'invention peut être aisément fabriqué en continu sur l'installation représentée schématiquement sur la fig. 1 en coupe. Une feuille plane en matériau thermoplastique 16 est dévidée à partir d'une bobine 17, puis est soumise à l'action d'un dispositif de chauffage 18. Une fois qu'elle a été ainsi rendue plus malléable, la feuille de matière thermoplastique 16 est soumise à l'action de deux rouleaux de calandrage 19 et 20 comportant sur leur périphérie une pluralité de picots ou doigts de forme sensiblement cylindrique et référencés 21. Ces doigts sont disposés de façon à réaliser les différents bossages et alvéoles 5 et 6 en quinconce visibles sur les fig. 2 et 3. On notera la grande simplicité du procédé de fabrication de l'invention qui permet par la simple utilisation de doigts de formage de structure sensiblement cylindrique de réaliser la structure alvéolée représentée sur les fig. 2 et 3. Les extrémités des doigts 21 provoquent en effet une déformation de la matière thermoplastique de sorte que les surfaces bordant les sommets respectifs des différents bossages 5 présentent une forme concave 22 comme on peut le voir sur la fig. 3 qui se rattache à une forme convexe correspondante 22a de l'alvéole voisin 6. Un écartement convenable des doigts 21 des deux rouleaux de calandrage 19 et 20 permet d'adapter l'inclinaison de ces surfaces de liaison 22 et 22a.The material of the invention can easily be manufactured continuously on the installation shown schematically in FIG. 1 in section. A flat sheet of thermoplastic material 16 is unwound from a reel 17, then is subjected to the action of a heating device 18. Once it has thus been made more malleable, the sheet of thermoplastic material 16 is subjected to the action of two calendering rollers 19 and 20 comprising on their periphery a plurality of pins or fingers of substantially cylindrical shape and referenced 21. These fingers are arranged so as to produce the various bosses and cells 5 and 6 in staggered rows visible in fig. 2 and 3. Note the great simplicity of the manufacturing method of the invention which allows by the simple use of forming fingers of substantially cylindrical structure to achieve the honeycomb structure shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The ends of the fingers 21 in fact cause a deformation of the thermoplastic material so that the surfaces bordering the respective vertices of the different bosses 5 have a concave shape 22 as can be seen in FIG. 3 which is attached to a corresponding convex shape 22a of the neighboring cell 6. A suitable spacing of the fingers 21 of the two calendering rollers 19 and 20 makes it possible to adapt the inclination of these connecting surfaces 22 and 22a.

La bande continue alvéolée 23 issue des rouleaux de calandrage passe entre deux rouleaux d'encollage 24 qui déposent sur les sommets plans des bossages sur les deux faces de la bande alvéolée 23 un adhésif approprié. Deux bandes continues de matériau textile 25 et 26 sont déroulées à la même vitesse que la feuille thermoplastique 16 à partir des bobines 27 et 28 et appliquées au moyen des rouleaux de pressage et de collage 29 et 30 sur les deux faces de la bande continue alvéolée 23. Le matériau résultant est enroulé sur la bobine 31.The continuous honeycomb strip 23 coming from the calendering rollers passes between two sizing rollers 24 which deposit bosses on the two faces of the planar tops. the blister strip 23 has a suitable adhesive. Two continuous strips of textile material 25 and 26 are unwound at the same speed as the thermoplastic sheet 16 from the reels 27 and 28 and applied by means of pressing and gluing rollers 29 and 30 to the two faces of the continuous honeycomb strip 23. The resulting material is wound on the reel 31.

Si on le désire et selon les applications, on procède en outre avant l'enroulage sur la bobine 31 à la réalisation des différentes lignes de couture nécessaires à la finition du matériau et à la réalisation d'une poche latérale destinée à recevoir un tuyau de drainage comme représenté sur les fig. 2 et 3.If desired and depending on the applications, we also carry out before winding on the reel 31 the production of the different seam lines necessary for finishing the material and the production of a side pocket intended to receive a hose. drainage as shown in fig. 2 and 3.

Pour réaliser les portions latérales 12 et 13 du matériau représenté sur les fig. 2 et 3 on utilise des bandes continues textiles 25 et 26 de plus grande largeur que celle de la bande alvéolée 23 qui est encollée sur la totalité des sommets des bossages de ses deux surfaces.To make the lateral portions 12 and 13 of the material shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, continuous textile bands 25 and 26 are used which are wider than that of the honeycomb band 23 which is glued onto all the tops of the bosses of its two surfaces.

Dans la plupart des applications on utilisera donc le matériau de drainage fabriqué sur l'installation représentée schématiquement sur la fig. 1 de façon à réaliser un dispositif de drainage tel qu'illustré sur les fig. 2 et 3. Dans certaines applications cependant il pourra être nécessaire de disposer de dimensions plus importantes pour la surface de drainage.In most applications, therefore, the drainage material made on the installation shown schematically in FIG. 1 so as to produce a drainage device as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. In certain applications, however, it may be necessary to have larger dimensions for the drainage surface.

Dans ce but, il est possible de réaliser un dispositif de drainage selon l'invention par l'assemblage de plusieurs éléments individuels. Une première variante est représentée sur la fig. 4. Dans ce mode de réalisation on disposera le tuyau de drainage 2 dans la longueur d'un premier élément de drainage 32 comportant sur ses deux bords latéraux des portions dépassant la largeur de l'armature interne 4. La première portion latérale 33 permet de définir une poche destinée à l'insertion du tuyau de drainage 2. La deuxième portion latérale 34 coopère avec une portion latérale correspondante d'un deuxième élément de drainage 35 identique à l'élément 32. Les deux feuilles qui constituent la portion latérale 34 viennent recouvrir les deux feuilles correspondantes de la portion latérale de l'élément 35. Un troisième élément 36 identique aux deux précédents est encore relié de la même manière avec recouvrement par sa portion latérale à celle de l'élément 35. Les fixations des différents éléments entre eux peuvent être effectuées de toute manière appropriée et par exemple au moyen de coutures assujettissant les différentes portions latérales respectives des couches filtrantes de chacun des éléments. Les lignes de fixation ou lignes de coutures seront dans ce mode de réalisation parallèles au tuyau de drainage disposé longitudinalement.For this purpose, it is possible to produce a drainage device according to the invention by assembling several individual elements. A first variant is shown in FIG. 4. In this embodiment, the drainage pipe 2 will be arranged along the length of a first drainage element 32 comprising on its two lateral edges portions exceeding the width of the internal frame 4. The first lateral portion 33 makes it possible to define a pocket for the insertion of the drainage pipe 2. The second lateral portion 34 cooperates with a corresponding lateral portion of a second drainage element 35 identical to the element 32. The two sheets which constitute the lateral portion 34 cover the two corresponding sheets of the lateral portion of the element 35. A third element 36 identical to the previous two is still connected in the same way with overlapping by its lateral portion to that of the element 35. The fixings of the various elements between them can be carried out in any suitable manner and for example by means of seams securing the different respective lateral portions of the filter layers of each of the elements. In this embodiment, the fastening lines or seam lines will be parallel to the longitudinally disposed drainage pipe.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation représenté sur la fig. 5 le dispositif de drainage comprend un tuyau de drainage 2 disposé sur le petit côté de trois éléments-de drainage 37, 38 et 39 qui sont fixés respectivement le long de lignes de fixation ou de couture perpendiculaires à l'axe du tuyau de drainage 2. Les portions latérales de chacun des éléments de drainage 37 à 39 viennent se recouvrir mutuellement et assurer ainsi la fixation de l'ensemble par exemple au moyen de lignes de couture.In another embodiment shown in FIG. 5 the drainage device comprises a drainage pipe 2 arranged on the short side of three drainage elements 37, 38 and 39 which are fixed respectively along fixing or sewing lines perpendicular to the axis of the drainage pipe 2 The lateral portions of each of the drainage elements 37 to 39 overlap each other and thus ensure the fixing of the assembly for example by means of seam lines.

Dans les modes de réalisation illustrés sur les fig. 4 et 5 le dispositif de drainage est de préférence placé sensiblement verticalement, le recouvrement des différents éléments se faisant par leurs portions latérales en matériau textile.In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 the drainage device is preferably placed substantially vertically, the covering of the various elements taking place by their lateral portions made of textile material.

La fig. 6 illustre une autre possibilité de recouvrement qui peut être utilisé soit pour une application verticale, soit de préférence pour une application quasi horizontale du dispositif de drainage.Fig. 6 illustrates another possibility of covering which can be used either for a vertical application, or preferably for an almost horizontal application of the drainage device.

Sur la fig. 6 on a représenté trois éléments identiques 40, 41 et 42 qui présentent la structure illustrée sur les fig. 2 et 3 et dont les armatures internes 4 ont été représentées pour simplifier le dessin sous la forme d'un simple zigzag. Il doit être cependant bien entendu que la structure de ces armatures internes 4 est la même que celle représentée sur les fig. 2 et 3, les feuilles filtrantes 8 et 9 étant fixées par exemple par collage sur la majeure partie des deux faces desdites armatures internes 4 par l'intermédiaire des portions sensiblement planes non représentées sur la fig. 6 de leurs bossages respectifs.In fig. 6 there are shown three identical elements 40, 41 and 42 which have the structure illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 and whose internal frames 4 have been shown to simplify the drawing in the form of a simple zigzag. It should however be understood that the structure of these internal reinforcements 4 is the same as that shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the filter sheets 8 and 9 being fixed for example by bonding to the major part of the two faces of said internal frames 4 by means of the substantially flat portions not shown in FIG. 6 of their respective bosses.

L'ensemble du matériau de drainage, dans ce mode de réalisation, est constitué par l'assemblage des éléments identiques 40, 41 et 42 par recouvrement des portions latérales respectives. Dans ce but, la bordure latérale de l'armature interne 4 de l'élément 41 comporte une zone 43 qui est recouverte sur sa face supérieure par une portion latérale 44 de la feuille textile 8 qui peut s'étendre sur toute la zone 43 ou éventuellement dépasser le bord de l'armature 4. Cette portion latérale 44 n'est pas fixée par collage dans la zone 43 de la bordure et est libre comme on peut le voir sur la fig. 6. Sur l'autre face de la même zone 43 de la bordure, l'armature interne 4 est exempte de feuille· textile filtrante, le bord de la feuille 9 s'arrêtant avant la zone 43.The whole of the drainage material, in this embodiment, consists of the assembly of identical elements 40, 41 and 42 by covering the respective lateral portions. For this purpose, the lateral border of the internal frame 4 of the element 41 comprises a zone 43 which is covered on its upper face by a lateral portion 44 of the textile sheet 8 which can extend over the entire zone 43 or possibly beyond the edge of the frame 4. This lateral portion 44 is not fixed by gluing in the area 43 of the border and is free as can be seen in FIG. 6. On the other face of the same zone 43 of the border, the internal reinforcement 4 is free of sheet · filtering textile, the edge of the sheet 9 stopping before zone 43.

La bordure opposée de l'armature 4 de l'élément 41 comporte une zone 45 réalisée de manière inverse, la portion latérale 46 non fixée par collage de la feuille textile 9 se trouvant sur la face inférieure de l'élément 41 par rapport à la fig. 6. Au contraire sur la face opposée de la zone de bordure 45, l'armature interne 4 est exempte de feuille textile, la feuille 8 s'arrêtant avant la zone 45. On notera que la largeur totale des feuilles textiles filtrantes 8 et 9 de l'élément 41 est la môme et sensiblement égale à la largeur de l'armature interne 4. Les feuilles filtrantes 8 et 9 sont cependant fixées sur les deux faces de l'armature interne en étant décalées dans un plan horizontal l'une par rapport à l'autre.The opposite edge of the frame 4 of the element 41 comprises a zone 45 produced in reverse, the lateral portion 46 not fixed by gluing of the textile sheet 9 located on the underside of the element 41 relative to the fig. 6. On the contrary on the opposite face of the border zone 45, the internal reinforcement 4 is free of textile sheet, the sheet 8 stopping before zone 45. It will be noted that the total width of the filtering textile sheets 8 and 9 of element 41 is the same and substantially equal to the width of the internal frame 4. The filter sheets 8 and 9 are however fixed on the two faces of the internal frame by being offset in a horizontal plane one by compared to each other.

La bordure latérale des éléments 40 et 42 est réalisée de la.même manière. Il est donc possible d'assembler les différents éléments 40, 41 et 42 en faisant s'engager les bordures latérales respectives de deux éléments voisins les unes dans les autres. C'est ainsi que la zone de bordure 43 de l'élément 41 vient s'engager par ses bossages dans les alvéoles de la zone correspondante de l'élément 40. Un tel engagement est rendu possible par l'absence de feuille textile sur la face inférieure de l'armature interne 4 de l'élément 41 dans cette zone de bordure 43 ainsi que par l'absence de collage de la portion latérale 44 de la feuille supérieure 8 de l'élément 41. La portion latérale 44 vient en outre recouvrir la couche filtrante 8 de l'élément 40 tandis que la portion latérale 47 de la feuille inférieure 9 de l'élément 40 vient recouvrir la feuille filtrante 9 de l'élément 41.The lateral border of the elements 40 and 42 is produced in the same way. It is therefore possible to assemble the different elements 40, 41 and 42 by engaging the respective lateral edges of two neighboring elements one inside the other. Thus the border area 43 of the element 41 engages by its bosses in the cells of the corresponding area of the element 40. Such engagement is made possible by the absence of textile sheet on the underside of the internal frame 4 of the element 41 in this border area 43 as well as by the absence of bonding of the lateral portion 44 of the upper sheet 8 of the element 41. The lateral portion 44 also covers the filtering layer 8 of the element 40 while the lateral portion 47 of the lower sheet 9 of the element 40 covers the filter sheet 9 of the element 41.

Il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir d'autre fixation des éléments 40, 41 et 42 entre eux, le sol du terrain venant ensuite recouvrir l'ensemble et appliquer les zones de bordure les unes sur les autres.It is not necessary to provide for any other fixing of the elements 40, 41 and 42 between them, the ground of the ground then covering the assembly and applying the border zones to each other.

La disposition décalée des deux couches filtrantes 8 et 9 laissant une zone de bordure libre de feuille textile sur l'une des faces de l'armature interne et comportant une portion latérale de feuille textile non fixée-à l'armature sur l'autre face, est aisément réalisée à l'aide de l'installation représentée sur la fig. 1. Il suffit en effet de déplacer dans deux sens opposés l'ensemble des rouleaux inférieurs par rapport à l'ensemble des rouleaux supérieurs qui assurent l'encollage et le déroulement des deux feuilles textiles. C'est ainsi que le simple déplacement respectif des rouleaux d'encollage 24, des bobines 27 et 28 et des rouleaux de pression 29 et 30 permet de déplacer la feuille textile supérieure dans un sens et la feuille textile inférieure dans l'autre sens par rapport à l'armature interne alvéolée qui reste dans sa position initiale.The offset arrangement of the two filter layers 8 and 9 leaving a free border zone of textile sheet on one of the faces of the internal frame and comprising a lateral portion of textile sheet not fixed to the frame on the other face , is easily carried out using the installation shown in FIG. 1. It suffices in fact to move in two opposite directions the assembly of the lower rollers with respect to the assembly of the upper rollers which ensure the gluing and unrolling of the two textile sheets. Thus, the simple respective displacement of the sizing rollers 24, the coils 27 and 28 and the pressure rollers 29 and 30 makes it possible to move the upper textile sheet in one direction and the lower textile sheet in the other direction by relative to the internal honeycomb reinforcement which remains in its initial position.

La fig. 7 illustre schématiquement une application d'un dispositif de drainage selon l'invention en position sensiblement horizontale. Le dispositif de drainage comprend un matériau de drainage 48 obtenu par exemple par l'assemblage de plusieurs éléments identiques comme représenté sur la fig. 6. Le.dispositif comporte en outre deux tuyaux de drainage perforés 49 et 50 disposés latéralement sur les deux bords d'une bande de grande longueur dudit matériau par exemple comme illustré sur les fig. 2 à 5. Au-dessus du terrain naturel 51, on dispose une sous-couche de support inférieure 52, puis le dispositif de drainage, la majeure partie du matériau 48 étant placée de façon quasiment horizontale comme référencé en 48a seules les portions latérales reliées aux tuyaux de drainage 49 et 50 étant sensiblement vertical comme référencé en 48b et 48c.Fig. 7 schematically illustrates an application of a drainage device according to the invention in a substantially horizontal position. The drainage device comprises a drainage material 48 obtained for example by the assembly of several identical elements as shown in FIG. 6. Le.dispositif further comprises two perforated drainage pipes 49 and 50 arranged laterally on the two edges of a strip of great length of said material for example as illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 5. Above the natural terrain 51, there is a lower support sub-layer 52, then the drainage device, most of the material 48 being placed almost horizontally as referenced at 48a only the lateral portions connected to the drainage pipes 49 and 50 being substantially vertical as referenced at 48b and 48c.

Le dispositif de drainage est recouvert d'une sous-couche de support supérieure 53 revêtue de la couche de roulement 54 destinée à réaliser une chaussée par exemple de route ou d'autoroute. Le matériau de drainage 48 empêche les remontées d'eau depuis le terrain naturel 51 à travers la sous-couche de support inférieure 52, remontée qui serait due aux poussées résultant du passage des véhicules sur la chaussée 54. Par ailleurs, si ladite chaussée 54 est poreuse, la mise en place du matériau de drainage 48 empêche le passage de l'eau de la sous-couche supérieure 53 en direction de la sous-couche inférieure 52 ce qui évite la dégradation du support de la chaussée. Les eaux de drainage captées par le matériau 48 s'écoulent par les portions sensiblement verticales 48b et 48c en direction des deux tuyaux de drainage 49 et 50 par lesquels elle est évacuée.The drainage device is covered with an upper support sublayer 53 coated with the wearing layer 54 intended to produce a road surface, for example a road or motorway. The drainage material 48 prevents the upwelling of water from the natural terrain 51 through the lower support sub-layer 52, which rise would be due to the thrusts resulting from the passage of vehicles on the roadway 54. Furthermore, if said roadway 54 is porous, the installation of the drainage material 48 prevents the passage of water from the upper sub-layer 53 towards the lower sub-layer 52 which prevents degradation of the support of the roadway. The drainage water captured by the material 48 flows through the substantially vertical portions 48b and 48c in the direction of the two drainage pipes 49 and 50 through which it is discharged.

L'épaisseur des matières thermoplastiques formant l'armature interne du matériau de l'invention peut être choisie comme l'épaisseur des feuilles textiles filtrantes en fonction des applications.The thickness of the thermoplastic materials forming the internal reinforcement of the material of the invention can be chosen as the thickness of the filtering textile sheets according to the applications.

On peut utiliser le matériau de drainage de l'invention pour réaliser des dispositifs de drainage pouvant être mis en place dans tous les cas où l'on applique habituellement les méthodes de drainage traditionnelles horizontales ou verticales chaque fois que l'eau d'un terrain peut être captée ou évacuée par gravité.The drainage material of the invention can be used to make drainage devices which can be installed in all cases where traditional horizontal or vertical drainage methods are usually applied each time the water from a ground can be captured or discharged by gravity.

Claims (22)

1. Matériau de drainage comportant une armature interne de forme générale plane assurant la canalisation de l'eau du sous-sol réalisée en un matériau étanche à l'eau et recouverte sur ses deux faces par une couche filtrante, caractérisé par le fait que l'armature interne présente une multitude de bossages et d'alvéoles correspondants dont les sommets viennent en contact avec les deux couches filtrantes et qui définissent deux ensembles de canaux sinueux pour le passage de l'eau du sous-sol coopérant respectivement avec l'une des couches filtrantes.1. Drainage material comprising an internal reinforcement of generally planar shape ensuring the channeling of the water from the basement made of a waterproof material and covered on both sides by a filtering layer, characterized in that the internal reinforcement has a multitude of bosses and corresponding cells, the summits of which come into contact with the two filter layers and which define two sets of sinuous channels for the passage of water from the basement cooperating respectively with one of the filter layers. 2. Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les différents bossages sont disposés par rangées en quinconce. -2. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the different bosses are arranged in staggered rows. - 3. Matériau selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que les couches filtrantes sont réalisées en un matériau textile synthétique tissé ou non-tissé à fibres longues.3. Material according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the filter layers are made of a woven or nonwoven synthetic textile material with long fibers. 4. Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les couches filtrantes sont fixées sur les bossages de l'armature interne par collage.4. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter layers are fixed to the bosses of the internal frame by gluing. 5. Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les bossages précités présentent une portion de sommet sensiblement plane.5. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforementioned bosses have a substantially flat top portion. 6. Matériau de drainage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'armature présente une largeur inférieure à celle des deux couches filtrantes qui comportent de ce fait chacune une portion latérale exempte d'armature interne..6. Drainage material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement has a width less than that of the two filter layers which therefore each comprise a lateral portion free of internal reinforcement. 7. Matériau de drainage selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est constitué par l'assemblage de plusieurs éléments identiques par recouvrement des portions latérales respectives.7. Drainage material according to claim 6, characterized in that it is constituted by the assembly of several identical elements by covering the respective lateral portions. 8. Matériau de drainage selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que la bordure latérale de l'armature interne de chaque élément comporte une zone recouverte sur l'une de ses faces par une portion latérale de feuille textile non fixée à l'armature sur cette zone, ladite zone étant exempte de feuille textile et sur son autre face et venant s'engager par ses bossages dans les alvéoles de la zone correspondante de l'armature de l'élément voisin.8. Drainage material according to claim 7, characterized in that the lateral border of the internal reinforcement of each element comprises an area covered on one of its faces by a lateral portion of textile sheet not fixed to the frame on this zone, said zone being free of textile sheet and on its other face and coming to engage by its bosses in the cells of the corresponding zone of the armature of the neighboring element. 9. Dispositif de drainage caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend en combinaison un matériau de drainage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, et un tuyau de drainage perforé sur une partie de sa surface entouré sur sa périphérie par deux portions latérales desdites couches filtrantes exemptes d'armature interne.9. Drainage device characterized in that it comprises in combination a drainage material according to any one of the preceding claims, and a drainage pipe perforated on a part of its surface surrounded on its periphery by two lateral portions of said layers filters free of internal reinforcement. 10. Dispositif de drainage selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait qu'un moyen supplémentaire de drainage constitué par des graviers ou un deuxième tuyau perforé sont disposés au voisinage de la surface à l'opposé du premier tuyau de drainage.10. Drainage device according to claim 9, characterized in that an additional drainage means consisting of gravel or a second perforated pipe are arranged in the vicinity of the surface opposite the first drainage pipe. 11. Dispositif de drainage selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé par le fait que les tuyaux de drainage sont disposés dans le prolongement du plan de l'armature interne.11. Drainage device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the drainage pipes are arranged in the extension of the plane of the internal frame. 12. Dispositif de drainage selon les revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé par le fait que l'armature interne se prolonge tangentiellement aux tuyaux de drainage.12. Drainage device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the internal reinforcement extends tangentially to the drainage pipes. 13. Dispositif de drainage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que les deux bords des deux portions latérales entourant les tuyaux de drainage sont reliés entre eux par exemple par une ligne de couture.13. Drainage device according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the two edges of the two lateral portions surrounding the drainage pipes are interconnected for example by a seam line. 14. Dispositif de drainage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, caractérisé par le fait que les bords des deux couches filtrantes sont reliés par exemple par couture de façon à enserrer l'armature interne.14. Drainage device according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the edges of the two filter layers are connected for example by sewing so as to enclose the internal reinforcement. 15. Dispositif de drainage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, caractérisé par le fait que chaque couche filtrante présente au moins une portion latérale exempte d'armature interne sur le bord de ladite armature, le dispositif étant constitué par l'assemblage de plusieurs éléments de drainage par l'intermédiaire desdites portions latérales respectives.15. Drainage device according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that each filtering layer has at least one lateral portion free of internal reinforcement on the edge of said reinforcement, the device being constituted by the assembly of several drainage elements via said respective lateral portions. 16. Dispositif de drainage selon la revendication 15, caractérisé par le fait que l'assemblage des différents éléments se fait avec recouvrement selon des lignes d'assemblage sensiblement parallèles au tuyau de drainage.16. Drainage device according to claim 15, characterized in that the assembly of the different elements is done with overlap along assembly lines substantially parallel to the drainage pipe. 17. Dispositif de drainage selon la revendication 15, caractérisé par le fait que l'assemblage des différents éléments se fait avec recouvrement selon des lignes d'assemblage sensiblement perpendiculaires au tuyau de drainage.17. Drainage device according to claim 15, characterized in that the assembly of the different elements is done with overlap along assembly lines substantially perpendicular to the drainage pipe. 18. Procédé de fabrication en continu d'un matériau de drainage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'on part d'une feuille plane en matériau thermoplastique enroulée en bobine, on chauffe ladite feuille plane et on la fait passer entre deux rouleaux de calandrage munis de doigts périphériques de-forme cylindrique, on fixe ensuite par exemple par collage une feuille textile sur la majeure partie de chaque face de la bande continue alvéolée obtenue.18. A method of continuously manufacturing a drainage material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that one starts from a flat sheet of thermoplastic material wound in a coil, said flat sheet is heated and it is passed between two calendering rollers fitted with cylindrical-shaped peripheral fingers, a textile sheet is then fixed, for example, by gluing on the major part of each face of the continuous honeycomb strip obtained. 19. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 18, caractérisé par le fait qu'on laisse subsister sur l'un des côtés latéraux de la bande continue d'armature alvéolée une portion latérale desdites feuilles textiles.19. The manufacturing method according to claim 18, characterized in that a lateral portion of said textile sheets is left on one of the lateral sides of the continuous strip of honeycombed reinforcement. 20. Procédé de fabrication selon les revendications 18 ou 19, caractérisé par le fait qu'on relie entre eux les bords extrêmes desdites feuilles textiles par exemple au moyen d'une ligne de couture.20. The manufacturing method according to claims 18 or 19, characterized in that the extreme edges of said textile sheets are connected together, for example by means of a seam line. 21. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 19, caractérisé par le fait qu'on laisse subsister sur la bordure latérale de l'armature alvéolée une zone présentant sur l'une des faces une portion latérale de feuille textile dépassant le bord de l'armature et non fixée à l'armature sur cette zone, l'autre face de ladite zone étant exempte de feuille textile.21. The manufacturing method according to claim 19, characterized in that there is left on the lateral edge of the honeycombed reinforcement a zone having on one of the faces a lateral portion of textile sheet projecting beyond the edge of the reinforcement. and not fixed to the frame on this zone, the other face of said zone being free of textile sheet. 22. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 21, caractérisé par le fait qu'on déplace dans deux sens opposés des rouleaux inférieurs et supérieurs assurant l'encollage de l'armature interne et coopérant avec les deux feuilles textiles en vue de leur déplacement et de leur collage.22. The manufacturing method according to claim 21, characterized in that lower and upper rollers are moved in two opposite directions ensuring the gluing of the internal reinforcement and cooperating with the two textile sheets for their displacement and their collage.
EP19800401140 1979-08-03 1980-08-01 Material and device for draining, and manufacturing method Ceased EP0023871A1 (en)

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FR7920037A FR2462518A1 (en) 1979-08-03 1979-08-03 DRAINAGE MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD
FR7920037 1979-08-03

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EP0100332A1 (en) * 1982-02-05 1984-02-15 Aci International Limited A drainage device
EP0124500A2 (en) * 1983-03-31 1984-11-07 Monsanto Company Elongated bendable drainage mat
US4572700A (en) * 1983-03-31 1986-02-25 Monsanto Company Elongated bendable drainage mat
US4662778A (en) * 1983-03-31 1987-05-05 Monsanto Company Drainage mat
WO1988002422A1 (en) * 1986-10-03 1988-04-07 Induplast Buffer tank with alveolar structure for retaining and regulating natural waters
FR2606435A1 (en) * 1986-11-10 1988-05-13 Fournier Christian METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRAINING THE SHORES OF ANY STABILIZED AREA OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, OR SHORES OF CONSTRUCTION
DE4005176A1 (en) * 1990-02-19 1991-08-22 Heinrich Willi Rosemeier Plastics film for protection against damp - incorporates rows of conical knobs with indentation in side wall
FR2660335A1 (en) * 1990-04-03 1991-10-04 Afratex Sarl Device for draining the ground using textile materials
EP0499442A2 (en) * 1991-02-11 1992-08-19 Hepworth Building Products Limited Underground drainage
CN104988899A (en) * 2015-06-17 2015-10-21 成都科创佳思科技有限公司 Drainage protection plate

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US4787780A (en) * 1982-11-22 1988-11-29 American Colloid Company Method of waterproofing with a self-healing bentonite sheet material composite article
MX163336A (en) * 1984-11-29 1992-04-13 American Colloid Co ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE
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US7374670B2 (en) * 2005-06-03 2008-05-20 Potts David A High aspect ratio wastewater system
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0100332A1 (en) * 1982-02-05 1984-02-15 Aci International Limited A drainage device
EP0100332A4 (en) * 1982-02-05 1984-08-08 Nylex Corp Ltd A drainage device.
EP0307541A3 (en) * 1983-03-31 1989-04-05 Monsanto Company Drainage mat
EP0307541A2 (en) * 1983-03-31 1989-03-22 Monsanto Company Drainage mat
EP0124500A3 (en) * 1983-03-31 1986-03-19 Monsanto Company Elongated bendable drainage mat
US4662778A (en) * 1983-03-31 1987-05-05 Monsanto Company Drainage mat
US4572700A (en) * 1983-03-31 1986-02-25 Monsanto Company Elongated bendable drainage mat
EP0124500A2 (en) * 1983-03-31 1984-11-07 Monsanto Company Elongated bendable drainage mat
WO1988002422A1 (en) * 1986-10-03 1988-04-07 Induplast Buffer tank with alveolar structure for retaining and regulating natural waters
FR2604737A1 (en) * 1986-10-03 1988-04-08 Induplast Sa NATURAL WATER RETENTION AND REGULATION BUFFER BASIN WITH ALVEOLAR STRUCTURE
EP0267815A1 (en) * 1986-11-10 1988-05-18 Fournier S.A. Method and apparatus for draining the edges of all stabilized surfaces in civil engineering, or the edges of a construction
US4806043A (en) * 1986-11-10 1989-02-21 Fournier Drainage S.A. Method and device for drainage of borders of all stabilized civil engineering areas or of adjacent borders of a structure
FR2606435A1 (en) * 1986-11-10 1988-05-13 Fournier Christian METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRAINING THE SHORES OF ANY STABILIZED AREA OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, OR SHORES OF CONSTRUCTION
DE4005176A1 (en) * 1990-02-19 1991-08-22 Heinrich Willi Rosemeier Plastics film for protection against damp - incorporates rows of conical knobs with indentation in side wall
FR2660335A1 (en) * 1990-04-03 1991-10-04 Afratex Sarl Device for draining the ground using textile materials
EP0499442A2 (en) * 1991-02-11 1992-08-19 Hepworth Building Products Limited Underground drainage
EP0499442A3 (en) * 1991-02-11 1993-08-04 Hepworth Building Products Limited Underground drainage
CN104988899A (en) * 2015-06-17 2015-10-21 成都科创佳思科技有限公司 Drainage protection plate

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FR2462518A1 (en) 1981-02-13
GB2056236B (en) 1983-03-09
GB2056236A (en) 1981-03-18

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