EP0330687B1 - Pneumatic linear vibrator - Google Patents

Pneumatic linear vibrator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0330687B1
EP0330687B1 EP88907143A EP88907143A EP0330687B1 EP 0330687 B1 EP0330687 B1 EP 0330687B1 EP 88907143 A EP88907143 A EP 88907143A EP 88907143 A EP88907143 A EP 88907143A EP 0330687 B1 EP0330687 B1 EP 0330687B1
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Prior art keywords
piston
linear vibrator
pressure medium
face
pipe
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EP88907143A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0330687A1 (en
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Max Fehr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/10—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy
    • B06B1/16—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
    • B06B1/161—Adjustable systems, i.e. where amplitude or direction of frequency of vibration can be varied
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pneumatic linear vibrator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a generic air pressure vibrator with a reciprocating piston is known from NL, C, 35760.
  • a piston can be pushed back and forth in a pneumatic vibrator with a cylindrical outer tube, an axial bolt and two side covers pressed over it, and is largely guided over the entire surface by the axial bolt and outer tube.
  • the axial pin has a central bore on one side, with distribution channels for supplying drive gas to both sides of the piston.
  • In the cylindrical outer tube there are outlet channels for the gas, which interact with the pressure surfaces of the piston.
  • the piston should have the largest possible mass in relation to the vibrator.
  • the vibrator must have a separate silencer.
  • FR, A, 2138809 also relates to a device which transmits vibration to a mass, in particular in automobile construction.
  • a longitudinally displaceable plunger fitted with seals, slides on a stationary guide tube.
  • an axially displaceable inner guide tube for the sealed reciprocable vibrating piston, which is driven by a self-controlling channel system.
  • the channels running in the axial direction connect an annular groove to the adjacent end face of the vibration piston.
  • the inventors have set themselves the task of creating a linear vibrator with relative piston movement and thereby controlled alternating supply of the pressure medium, which is simple to manufacture, undemanding in maintenance and can be used universally.
  • the captivatingly simple construction of the linear vibrator according to the invention permits a slim, elongated shape, which unfolds its advantages in particular when the vibrator is used, for example, for screens, transport channels, compacting systems or for driving tools.
  • Air is expediently used as the pressure medium, but exhaust gases or steam can also be used, for example.
  • the external dimensions of the linear vibrator can be varied as required depending on the intended use.
  • the piston can, for example, have a length of 10-20 cm and a diameter of 1.5-5 cm, and the longitudinal axial bore can have a clear width of 25-50% of the piston outer diameter.
  • the suitably 1-3 mm deep ring grooves can be, for example, 1-3 cm from the end faces of the piston or from its longitudinal center.
  • the stroke of the piston is only a few centimeters.
  • the frequency of the reciprocating piston depends primarily on the pressure of the medium supplied, the stroke and weight of the piston and the coefficient of friction of the sliding surfaces.
  • the linear vibrator is expediently fed directly from the compressed air network, which usually has a pressure of 6-8 bar.
  • the frequency of the pneumatic linear vibrator with a reciprocating piston can be increased by removing material from the piston in an axially symmetrical manner, but the control of the alternating supply of compressed air to the working volumes must not be disturbed.
  • the pneumatic linear vibrator is preferably driven by alternating supply of the pressure medium via at least one working volume, which is / are formed by a cylindrical recess in the relevant end part, the guide tube serving as the supply tube for the pressure medium and an end face of the piston, which piston with its Seals inside and outside.
  • the working volume is compressed starting from normal pressure until the ring groove in the piston reaches the corresponding outlet openings in the guide tube.
  • the pressure medium flowing out at high pressure initiates the movement, which continues until, on the one hand, the piston is out of the cylindrical recess in the end part and the pressure medium can escape and, on the other hand, pressure medium can flow in again on the opposite side of the piston.
  • the pneumatic linear vibrator can be manufactured in two basic types:
  • the guide tube and / or a closing part can be fastened to a base by known mechanical means or inserted as a submersible vibrator into a mass to be compacted. In this case, the pistons are moved back and forth during operation.
  • the piston is known with mechanical means Fastening equipped, whereby corresponding longitudinal slots are recessed from the silencer tube of the linear movement. In this case, which is less common in practice, the guide tube with the end parts is moved back and forth during operation.
  • Pneumatic linear vibrators that operate horizontally or almost horizontally are suitably equipped with a starting aid.
  • the piston With a spring or with the help of part of the pressure medium, the piston can change its position in relation to the guide tube such that an annular groove in the piston and outlet openings in the guide tube lie one above the other and the vibration process is triggered.
  • the vibrator can work with a return spring instead of having two working volumes arranged on the end face of the piston.
  • the spring compressed after the introduction of the pressure medium on the other face of the piston pushes the piston back after the pressure medium has been expelled from the working volume until the pressure medium flowing out triggers the next working cycle.
  • the silencer tube which is preferably arranged coaxially at a distance from the piston, collects the ejected pressure medium and expediently discharges it laterally.
  • a cooling labyrinth known per se can be arranged in the silencer.
  • the silencer tube of the linear vibrator is also its protective housing.
  • the mechanically easily processable materials aluminum and brass are preferably used at least for the piston and the guide tube.
  • the silencer tube can consist of one of these materials or of another suitable material, for example plastic or ceramic. In particularly stored cases, however, instead of the materials mentioned, at least partially Steel are used.
  • the sliding surfaces are preferably coated with a known friction-reducing, wear-resistant inorganic or organic material.
  • the axially symmetrical design of the reciprocating components of the linear vibrator is of particular importance for a good vibration movement that is as free of wear as possible.
  • the end faces of the muffler tube are closed, connection ports being provided for the supply of the pressure medium and usually also for its removal.
  • the muffler pipe can be provided with a known corrosion and / or erosion-resistant coating, if it does not consist of a corresponding material.
  • the piston must strike the end part on the side facing away from the compressed air supply.
  • the inner and the outer end face of the end part acted upon by the piston must consist of a known wear and impact resistant material, like the corresponding end face of the piston.
  • outlet bores are preferably arranged in the outer wall of the sealing end part in question, directly next to the impact surface. If no other known mechanical or pneumatic means are provided for the return of the piston and all air escapes on the striking side, the return of the piston is carried out with a starting aid.
  • the outer side of the end cylinder is, depending on the type of use, flat or designed as a cutting or pointed chisel.
  • Use as a riveting hammer has proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • the compressed air linear vibrator shown in Fig. 1 consists essentially of a piston 10, cup-shaped or cup-shaped end parts 14, 16, a also for the supply of the pressure medium, in particular compressed air, serving guide tube 18 and a silencer tube 52.
  • the guide tube 18 can be connected to the compressed air on both sides. In practical use, however, one side is conveniently closed.
  • the longitudinal axial bore 22 of the piston 10 has a reduction in cross section 24 in the direction of the compressed air supply, the diameter D 1 being reduced in one step to D 2.
  • Both the larger and the smaller bore each have an annular groove 26 in the area of the end faces of the piston 10, from which, as shown in section in FIG. 2, four channels 27 each lead parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the piston 10 to its adjacent end face , wherein these channels are cut out in the longitudinal direction from the jacket of an inserted sleeve 25 and are thus closed against the longitudinal axial bore 22.
  • the length of the piston is denoted by 1, the distance between the ring grooves by n.
  • the longitudinal axial bore 22 of the piston 10 slides to form an air cushion on the guide tube 18, which in turn has a constriction 24 of the outer diameter D 1 to D 2 corresponding to the reduction in cross section 24.
  • a constriction 24 of the outer diameter D 1 to D 2 corresponding to the reduction in cross section 24.
  • one or two axially symmetrically arranged auxiliary bores 30 with a cross section of approximately 1 mm 2 pass through the constricted guide tube 18.
  • projecting guide tube 18 serves as a fastening piece for a compressed air supply hose, not shown. This is expediently secured with a clamp or the like.
  • the end part 16 carries a closure cap 50 for the guide tube 18.
  • the cap is designed in such a way that it also serves to fasten the compressed air linear vibrator to a device to be vibrated. For this purpose, it can have an external thread, not shown.
  • the working volumes V1 and V2 are formed by cup-shaped recesses in the end parts 14, 16, the guide tube 18 and the relevant end face of the piston 10.
  • end part 16 is designed as a fastening flange with a mounting surface 54 and screw holes 56. Both end parts 14, 16 have a sealing lip 57 which is annular in cross section and has a sealing surface 58 on which the lateral inner wall of a cup-shaped recess in the piston 10 slides on the end faces.
  • the end part 14 is provided with an end cover 60 through which exhaust bores 62 lead for the compressed air expelled from the working volume V 1, V 2.
  • the silencer tube 52 which is coaxial with respect to the axis A, is designed to be sealing, and is placed on the end face of the two end parts 14, 16.
  • the piston has two annular grooves 26 arranged adjacent the end faces at a distance n.
  • the channels 27 are an annular groove with the adjacent cup-shaped recess in the end face, extending in the axial direction bores.
  • the external threads 64 allow installation on both sides if required.
  • a closure cover 76 is screwed onto the guide tube 18 on the exhaust air side. Via an O-ring, the cover 76 secured with a lock nut 80 presses a porous sound-absorbing element 82, which is ring-shaped in cross-section, into a correspondingly shaped groove of the cover 60. Between the cover 60 and the cover 76, an annular slot 84 remains open, through which the exhaust air can escape after passing through the sound absorbing element 82.
  • the closure cover 76 is thus the housing for the sound-absorbing element 82 and at the same time serves to fine-tune the amount of exhaust air, the slot 84 being closed or opened and the inserted O-ring 78 being more or less compressed.
  • the width of the exhaust slot 84 affects the noise generated by the vibrator and its frequency.
  • the guide tube 18, which is closed on the other side can be flush cut off with the mounting surface 54 or slightly countersunk, thus facilitating application on a flat lower surface.
  • FIG. 3 The operating principle of FIG. 3 corresponds to that of FIGS. 1 and 2, with the exception of the starting aid mentioned.
  • the linear vibrator shown in FIGS. 4-7 in its essential functional parts has a guide tube 18 with four axially symmetrically arranged outlet openings 32.
  • the piston 10 corresponding in its outer contours in FIG. 3 has two annular grooves 26 arranged adjacent to the longitudinal center. These are via radial branch channels 86 each with three axially extending channels 27 which lead to the distal end of the piston.
  • the outlet openings 32 always move back into the area between the two ring grooves 26 when they lie over an annular groove 26 and a working volume V 1 or V 2 pressure medium is supplied.
  • a jump start is not shown for the sake of simplicity, it can be done in the manner shown above.
  • Fig. 8 shows a linear vibrator which works with pneumatic-mechanical accelerating means.
  • the guide tube 18 is only tubular on the inlet side of the pressure medium by drilling out a cylindrical rod.
  • the piston 10 is designed on this side in accordance with FIG. 3.
  • a return spring 88 is arranged between the end face of the piston 10 and the end part 16.
  • the return spring is compressed when the Outlet openings 32 and the annular groove 26 lie one above the other and the pressure medium exits into the working volume V via the channels designed as a bore.
  • the spring force of the return spring 88 and the pressure of the medium supplied must be coordinated. If the annular groove 26 and the outlet openings 32 do not lie one above the other in the rest position, a starting aid of the type mentioned is used.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH88/00143 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 30, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 30, 1989 PCT Filed Aug. 23, 1988 PCT Pub. No. WO89/02514 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 23, 1989.A pneumatic linear vibrator comprises a piston guide sealed on one side and delimited by detachable end parts (14,16), a pinton (10), a sound-absorbing pipe (52) which forms the housing, and means for supplying and removing a gaseous or vaporized pressure medium. Relative motion between the guide with the end parts and the piston is ensured by automatic alternating delivery of the pressure medium to a working volume (V,V1,V2) located on one face of the piston. The piston (10) has a longitudinal axial bore (22) with a snap ring groove (26) in the region of the ends of the longitudinal median plane of the piston. The snap ring grooves are connected to a face of the piston (10) by at least two axisymmetric channels (27) which run in the axial direction (A) and are sealed off from the longitudinal axial bore (22) of the piston (10). A guide pipe (18) for delivery of the pressure medium, which is closed at one end, penetrates the end parts (14,16) and the longitudinal axial bore (22) of the piston (10) in a sealed manner. The guide pipe (18) serves as a piston guide and has radially disposed axisymmetric output openings (32) for the pressure medium corresponding to the snap ring grooves (26) in the longitudinal axial bore (22) of the piston (10). The vibrator has a slim, elongated shape and can be used for example for sieves, conveying channels compacting installations and for driving tools.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen pneumatischen Linearvibrator nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The present invention relates to a pneumatic linear vibrator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein gattungsgemässer Luftdruck-Vibrator mit einem hin- und herbewegbaren Kolben ist aus der NL,C, 35760 bekannt. In einem pneumatischen Vibrator mit einem zylindrischen Aussenrohr, einem Axialbolzen und zwei über diesen angedrückten seitlichen Deckeln ist ein Kolben hin- und herschiebbar, vom Axialbolzen und Aussenrohr weitgehend vollflächig geführt. Der Axialbolzen weist auf einer Seite eine zentrale Bohrung auf, mit Verteilkanälen zur Zufuhr von Antriebsgas auf beide Seiten des Kolbens. Im zylindrischen Aussenrohr sind Austrittskanäle für das Gas angebracht, welche mit den Druckflächen des Kolbens zusammenwirken. Der Kolben soll in bezug auf den Vibrator eine grösstmögliche Masse haben. Der Vibrator muss einen separaten Schalldämper haben.A generic air pressure vibrator with a reciprocating piston is known from NL, C, 35760. A piston can be pushed back and forth in a pneumatic vibrator with a cylindrical outer tube, an axial bolt and two side covers pressed over it, and is largely guided over the entire surface by the axial bolt and outer tube. The axial pin has a central bore on one side, with distribution channels for supplying drive gas to both sides of the piston. In the cylindrical outer tube there are outlet channels for the gas, which interact with the pressure surfaces of the piston. The piston should have the largest possible mass in relation to the vibrator. The vibrator must have a separate silencer.

Die FR,A, 2138809 bezieht sich ebenfalls auf eine Vorrichtung, welche eine Vibration auf eine Masse überträgt, insbesondere im Automobilbau. Ein in Längsrichtung verschiebbarer Tauchkolben gleitet, mit Dichtungen versehen, auf einem stationären Führungsrohr. Auf dem Tauchkolben ist ein mit diesem axial verschiebbares inneres Führungsrohr für den abgedichtet hin- und herschiebbaren Vibrationskolben angeordnet, welcher mit einem selbststeuernden Kanalsystem angetrieben wird. Die in axialer Richtung verlaufenden Kanäle verbinden eine Ringnut mit der benachbarten Stirnseite des Vibrationskolbens. Beim Anlegen des Arbeitsdruckes wird vorerst der Tauchkolben in Richtung der zu vibrierenden Masse verschoben und dann der Vibrationskolben in schnellen Gang gesetzt.FR, A, 2138809 also relates to a device which transmits vibration to a mass, in particular in automobile construction. A longitudinally displaceable plunger, fitted with seals, slides on a stationary guide tube. Arranged on the plunger is an axially displaceable inner guide tube for the sealed reciprocable vibrating piston, which is driven by a self-controlling channel system. The channels running in the axial direction connect an annular groove to the adjacent end face of the vibration piston. When the working pressure is applied, the plunger is initially moved in the direction of the mass to be vibrated and then the vibrating piston is set in high gear.

Die Erfinder haben sich die Aufgabe gestellt, einen Linearvibrator mit relativer Kolbenbewegung und dadurch gesteuerter alternierender Zufuhr des Druckmediums zu schaffen, der einfach herzustellen, anspruchslos im Unterhalt und universell einsetzbar ist.The inventors have set themselves the task of creating a linear vibrator with relative piston movement and thereby controlled alternating supply of the pressure medium, which is simple to manufacture, undemanding in maintenance and can be used universally.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss gelöst durch die Merkmale des Kennzeichens von Patentanspruch 1. Spezielle Ausführungsformen und Weiterentwicklungen sind Gegenstand von abhängigen Patentansprüchen.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Special embodiments and further developments are the subject of dependent patent claims.

Der bestechend einfache Aufbau des erfindungsgemässen Linearvibrators erlaubt eine schlanke, längliche Form, die ihre Vorteile insbesondere entfaltet, wenn der Vibrator beispielsweise für Siebe, Transportrinnen, Kompaktierungsanlagen oder zum Antrieb von Werkzeugen eingesetzt wird. Als Druckmedium wird zweckmässig Luft eingesetzt, es können jedoch beispielsweise auch Abgase oder Wasserdampf verwendet werden.The captivatingly simple construction of the linear vibrator according to the invention permits a slim, elongated shape, which unfolds its advantages in particular when the vibrator is used, for example, for screens, transport channels, compacting systems or for driving tools. Air is expediently used as the pressure medium, but exhaust gases or steam can also be used, for example.

Die äusseren Abmessungen des Linearvibrators können je nach Verwendungszweck beliebig variiert werden. Der Kolben kann beispielsweise eine Länge von 10-20 cm und einen Durchmesser von 1,5-5 cm haben, wobei die längsaxiale Bohrung eine lichte Weite von 25-50% des Kolbenaussendurchmessers haben kann. Die zweckmässig 1-3 mm tiefen Ringnuten können beispielsweise 1-3 cm von den Stirnseiten des Kolbens oder von dessen Längsmitte entfernt sein.The external dimensions of the linear vibrator can be varied as required depending on the intended use. The piston can, for example, have a length of 10-20 cm and a diameter of 1.5-5 cm, and the longitudinal axial bore can have a clear width of 25-50% of the piston outer diameter. The suitably 1-3 mm deep ring grooves can be, for example, 1-3 cm from the end faces of the piston or from its longitudinal center.

Wie bei pneumatischen Vibratoren üblich, beträgt der Hub des Kolbens nur wenige Zentimeter. Die Frequenz des sich hin- und herbewegenden Kolbens ist in erster Linie abhängig vom Druck des zugeführten Mediums, vom Hub und Gewicht des Kolbens sowie vom Reibungskoeffizienten der Gleitflächen.As usual with pneumatic vibrators, the stroke of the piston is only a few centimeters. The frequency of the reciprocating piston depends primarily on the pressure of the medium supplied, the stroke and weight of the piston and the coefficient of friction of the sliding surfaces.

Zweckmässig wird der Linearvibrator direkt ab dem Druckluftnetz gespeist, welches üblicherweise einen Druck von 6-8 bar hat.The linear vibrator is expediently fed directly from the compressed air network, which usually has a pressure of 6-8 bar.

Die Frequenz des pneumatischen Linearvibrators mit hin- und herbewegbarem Kolben kann erhöht werden, indem vom Kolben axialsymmetrisch Material abgetragen wird, wobei jedoch die Steuerung der alternierenden Druckluftzufuhr zu den Arbeitsvolumen nicht gestört werden darf.The frequency of the pneumatic linear vibrator with a reciprocating piston can be increased by removing material from the piston in an axially symmetrical manner, but the control of the alternating supply of compressed air to the working volumes must not be disturbed.

Der Antrieb des pneumatischen Linearvibrators mittels alternierender Zufuhr des Druckmediums erfolgt vorzugsweise über wenigstens ein Arbeitsvolumen, das/die durch eine zylinderförmige Aussparung im betreffenden Abschlussteil, das als Zufuhrrohr für das Druckmedium dienende Führungsrohr und eine Stirnfläche des Kolbens gebildet wird/werden, welcher Kolben mit seiner Innen- und Aussenfläche dichtend aufliegt. Bei der Hinbewegung wird das Arbeitsvolumen ausgehend von Normaldruck komprimiert, bis die Ringnut im Kolben die entsprechenden Austrittsöffnungen im Führungsrohr erreicht. Das mit hohem Druck ausströmende Druckmedium leitet die Herbewegung ein, die fortgesetzt wird, bis einerseits der Kolben aus der zylinderförmigen Aussparung im Abschlussteil heraus ist und das Druckmedium entweichen kann und andrerseits auf der Gegenseite des Kolbens wieder Druckmedium einfliessen kann.The pneumatic linear vibrator is preferably driven by alternating supply of the pressure medium via at least one working volume, which is / are formed by a cylindrical recess in the relevant end part, the guide tube serving as the supply tube for the pressure medium and an end face of the piston, which piston with its Seals inside and outside. During the outward movement, the working volume is compressed starting from normal pressure until the ring groove in the piston reaches the corresponding outlet openings in the guide tube. The pressure medium flowing out at high pressure initiates the movement, which continues until, on the one hand, the piston is out of the cylindrical recess in the end part and the pressure medium can escape and, on the other hand, pressure medium can flow in again on the opposite side of the piston.

Der pneumatische Linearvibrator kann in zwei Grundtypen hergestellt werden:The pneumatic linear vibrator can be manufactured in two basic types:

― Das Führungsrohr und/oder ein Abschlussteil ist mit bekannten mechanischen Mitteln an einer Unterlage befestigbar bzw. als Tauchvibrator in eine zu kompaktierende Masse einlegbar. In diesem Fall wird beim Betrieb der Kolben hin- und herbewegt.- The guide tube and / or a closing part can be fastened to a base by known mechanical means or inserted as a submersible vibrator into a mass to be compacted. In this case, the pistons are moved back and forth during operation.

― Der Kolben ist mit bekannten Mitteln zur mechanischen Befestigung ausgerüstet, wobei aus dem Schalldämpferrohr der Linearbewegung entsprechende Längsschlitze ausgespart sind. In diesem in der Praxis weniger üblichen Fall wird beim Betrieb das Führungsrohr mit den Abschlussteilen hin- und herbewegt.- The piston is known with mechanical means Fastening equipped, whereby corresponding longitudinal slots are recessed from the silencer tube of the linear movement. In this case, which is less common in practice, the guide tube with the end parts is moved back and forth during operation.

Horizontal oder nahezu horizontal arbeitende pneumatische Linearvibratoren sind zweckmässig mit einer Starthilfe ausgerüstet. Mit einer Feder oder mit Hilfe eines Teils des Druckmediums kann der Kolben seine Position in bezug auf das Führungsrohr so ändern, dass eine Ringnut im Kolben und Austrittsöffnungen im Führungsrohr übereinander liegen und der Vibrationsprozess ausgelöst wird.Pneumatic linear vibrators that operate horizontally or almost horizontally are suitably equipped with a starting aid. With a spring or with the help of part of the pressure medium, the piston can change its position in relation to the guide tube such that an annular groove in the piston and outlet openings in the guide tube lie one above the other and the vibration process is triggered.

Nach einer speziellen Ausführungsform kann der Vibrator statt mit zwei stirnseits des Kolbens geordneten Arbeitsvolumen auf einer Seite mit einer Rückführungsfeder arbeiten. Die nach dem Einleiten des Druckmediums auf der anderen Stirnseite des Kolbens zusammengepresste Feder schiebt nach dem Ausstossen des Druckmediums aus dem Arbeitsvolumen den Kolben wieder zurück, bis ausströmendes Druckmedium den nächsten Arbeitszyklus auslöst.According to a special embodiment, the vibrator can work with a return spring instead of having two working volumes arranged on the end face of the piston. The spring compressed after the introduction of the pressure medium on the other face of the piston pushes the piston back after the pressure medium has been expelled from the working volume until the pressure medium flowing out triggers the next working cycle.

Das in Abstand vom Kolben vorzugsweise koaxial angeordnete Schalldämpferrohr sammelt das ausgestossene Druckmedium und führt es zweckmässig seitlich ab. Im Schalldämpfer kann ein an sich bekanntes Kühllabyrinth angeordnet sein. Das Schalldämpferrohr des Linearvibrators ist gleichzeitig dessen Schutzgehäuse.The silencer tube, which is preferably arranged coaxially at a distance from the piston, collects the ejected pressure medium and expediently discharges it laterally. A cooling labyrinth known per se can be arranged in the silencer. The silencer tube of the linear vibrator is also its protective housing.

Die mechanisch gut verarbeitbaren Werkstoffe Aluminium und Messing werden bevorzugt mindestens für den Kolben und das Führungsrohr eingesetzt. Das Schalldämpferrohr dagegen kann sowohl aus einem dieser Materialien als auch aus einem anderen geeigneten Material bestehen, z.B. Kunststoff oder Keramik. In besonders gelagerten Fällen kann jedoch anstelle der erwähnten Materialien mindestens teilweise auch Stahl eingesetzt werden.The mechanically easily processable materials aluminum and brass are preferably used at least for the piston and the guide tube. The silencer tube, on the other hand, can consist of one of these materials or of another suitable material, for example plastic or ceramic. In particularly stored cases, however, instead of the materials mentioned, at least partially Steel are used.

Die Gleitflächen werden in der Praxis vorzugsweise mit einem bekannten reibungsvermindernden, verschleissfesten anorganischen oder organischen Werkstoff beschichtet.In practice, the sliding surfaces are preferably coated with a known friction-reducing, wear-resistant inorganic or organic material.

Von besonderer Bedeutung für eine gute, möglichst verschleissfreie Vibrationsbewegung ist die axialsymetrische Ausgestaltung der hin- und herbewegten Bestandteile des Linearvibrators.The axially symmetrical design of the reciprocating components of the linear vibrator is of particular importance for a good vibration movement that is as free of wear as possible.

Falls der pneumatische Linearvibrator in eine zu verdichtende Masse eingetaucht werden soll, werden die Stirnseiten des Schalldämpferrohrs verschlossen, wobei Anschlussstutzen für die Zufuhr des Druckmediums und meist auch für dessen Abfuhr vorgesehen sind. Bei agressiven Massen kann das Schalldämpferrohr mit einem bekannten Korrosions- und/oder erosionsfesten Ueberzug versehen werden, falls es nicht aus einem entsprechenden Material besteht.If the pneumatic linear vibrator is to be immersed in a mass to be compressed, the end faces of the muffler tube are closed, connection ports being provided for the supply of the pressure medium and usually also for its removal. In the case of aggressive masses, the muffler pipe can be provided with a known corrosion and / or erosion-resistant coating, if it does not consist of a corresponding material.

Wenn der erfindungsgemässe pneumatische Linaervibrator als Hammer eingesetzt werden soll, muss der Kolben auf der der Druckluftzufuhr abgewandten Seite auf den Abschlussteil aufschlagen. In diesem Fall müssen die innere und die äussere Stirnseite des vom Kolben beaufschlagten Abschlussteils aus einem bekannten verschleiss- und schlagfesten Material bestehen, wie übrigens die entsprechende Stirnseite des Kolbens auch.If the pneumatic linear vibrator according to the invention is to be used as a hammer, the piston must strike the end part on the side facing away from the compressed air supply. In this case, the inner and the outer end face of the end part acted upon by the piston must consist of a known wear and impact resistant material, like the corresponding end face of the piston.

Damit die schlagende Bewegung des Kolbens nicht übermässig gebremst wird, werden vorzugsweise Auslassbohrungen in der Aussenwandung des betreffenden dichtenden Abschlussteils, unmittelbar neben der Aufschlagfläche, angeordnet. Wenn für die Rückführung des Kolbens keine anderen bekannten mechanischen oder pneumatischen Mittel vorgesehen sind, und auf der Schlagseite alle Luft entweicht, erfolgt die Rückführung des Kolbens mit einer Starthilfe.So that the striking movement of the piston is not braked excessively, outlet bores are preferably arranged in the outer wall of the sealing end part in question, directly next to the impact surface. If no other known mechanical or pneumatic means are provided for the return of the piston and all air escapes on the striking side, the return of the piston is carried out with a starting aid.

Beim als Hammer arbeitenden Linearvibrator ist die äussere Seite des Abschlusszylinders, je nach Einsatzart, eben oder als Schneide- bzw. Spitzmeissel ausgestaltet. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich die Verwendung als Niethammer erwiesen.In the case of the linear vibrator working as a hammer, the outer side of the end cylinder is, depending on the type of use, flat or designed as a cutting or pointed chisel. Use as a riveting hammer has proven to be particularly advantageous.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch

― Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Linearvibrator mit zwei gleichen, zylinderförmig ausgebildeten Abschlussteilen und einer pneumatischen Starthilfe,
― Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie II-II,
― Fig. 3
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Linearvibrator mit einem Befestigungsflansch und einer Spiralfeder als Starthilfe,
― Fig. 4
einen teilweisen Längsschnitt durch einen Linearvibrator mit im Bereich der Längsmitte beidseits angeordneten Ringnuten,
― Fig. 5
einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie V-V in Fig. 4,
― Fig. 6
einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie VI-VI in Fig. 4,
― Fig. 7
einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie VII-VII in Fig. 4, und
― Fig. 8
einen teilweisen Längsschnitt durch einen Linearvibrator mit einer einseitig angeordneten Rückführungsfeder.

The invention is explained in more detail using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. They show schematically
- Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through a linear vibrator with two identical, cylindrical end parts and a pneumatic starting aid,
- Fig. 2
a cross section along the line II-II,
- Fig. 3
a longitudinal section through a linear vibrator with a mounting flange and a spiral spring as a starting aid,
- Fig. 4
a partial longitudinal section through a linear vibrator with annular grooves arranged on both sides in the area of the longitudinal center,
- Fig. 5
3 shows a cross section along the line VV in FIG. 4,
- Fig. 6
3 shows a cross section along the line VI-VI in FIG. 4,
- Fig. 7
a cross-section along the line VII-VII in Fig. 4, and
- Fig. 8
a partial longitudinal section through a linear vibrator with a return spring arranged on one side.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Druckluft-Linearvibrator besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Kolben 10, becher- bzw topfförmig ausgebildeten Abschlussteilen 14, 16, einem auch der Zufuhr des Druckmediums, insbesondere Druckluft, dienenden Führungsrohr 18 und einem Schalldämpferrohr 52. Im Prinzip kann das Führungsrohr 18 auf beiden Seiten an die Druckluft angeschlossen werden. Bei der praktischen Anwendung ist jedoch zweckmässig eine Seite verschlossen.The compressed air linear vibrator shown in Fig. 1 consists essentially of a piston 10, cup-shaped or cup-shaped end parts 14, 16, a also for the supply of the pressure medium, in particular compressed air, serving guide tube 18 and a silencer tube 52. In principle, the guide tube 18 can be connected to the compressed air on both sides. In practical use, however, one side is conveniently closed.

Die längsaxiale Bohrung 22 des Kolbens 10 weist in Richtung der Druckluftzufuhr eine Querschnittsverminderung 24 auf, wobei der Durchmesser D₁ in einer Stufe auf D₂ vermindert wird. Sowohl die grössere als auch die kleinere Bohrung weisen im Bereich der Stirnflächen des Kolbens 10 je eine Ringnut 26 auf, von der ― wie in Fig. 2 im Schnitt dargestellt ― je vier Kanäle 27 parallel zur Längsachse A des Kolbens 10 zu dessen benachbarter Stirnfläche führen, wobei diese Kanäle in Längsrichtung aus dem Mantel einer eingesetzten Hülse 25 ausgespart und so gegen die längsaxiale Bohrung 22 verschlossen sind. Die Länge des Kolbens ist mit 1 bezeichnet, der Abstand der Ringnuten mit n.The longitudinal axial bore 22 of the piston 10 has a reduction in cross section 24 in the direction of the compressed air supply, the diameter D 1 being reduced in one step to D 2. Both the larger and the smaller bore each have an annular groove 26 in the area of the end faces of the piston 10, from which, as shown in section in FIG. 2, four channels 27 each lead parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the piston 10 to its adjacent end face , wherein these channels are cut out in the longitudinal direction from the jacket of an inserted sleeve 25 and are thus closed against the longitudinal axial bore 22. The length of the piston is denoted by 1, the distance between the ring grooves by n.

Die längsaxiale Bohrung 22 des Kolbens 10 gleitet unter Ausbildung eines Luftkissens auf dem Führungsrohr 18, das seinerseits eine der Querschnittsverminderung 24 entsprechende Einengung 28 des Aussendurchmessers D₁ zu D₂ hat. Unmittelbar neben dieser Einengung durchgreifen, wie in Fig. 1 angedeutet, eine oder zwei axialsymmetrisch angeordnete Hilfsbohrungen 30 mit einem Querschnitt von etwa 1 mm² das eingeengte Führungsrohr 18.The longitudinal axial bore 22 of the piston 10 slides to form an air cushion on the guide tube 18, which in turn has a constriction 24 of the outer diameter D 1 to D 2 corresponding to the reduction in cross section 24. Immediately next to this constriction, as indicated in FIG. 1, one or two axially symmetrically arranged auxiliary bores 30 with a cross section of approximately 1 mm 2 pass through the constricted guide tube 18.

Im Abstand a voneienander durchlaufen je drei axialsymmetrisch angeordnete Austrittsöffnungen 32 die Wandung des Führungsrohrs 18. Die Oeffnungen haben je eine lichte Weite von 3-4 mm².At a distance a from each other, three axially symmetrically arranged outlet openings 32 pass through the wall of the guide tube 18. The openings each have a clear width of 3-4 mm².

Das aus dem Abschlussteil 14, welcher auf der Eintrittsseite der Druckluft angeordnet ist, herausragende Führungsrohr 18 dient als Befestigungsstutzen für einen nicht dargestellten Druckluftzufuhrschlauch. Dieser ist zweckmässig mit einer Bride oder dgl. gesichert. Der Abschlussteil 16 trägt eine Verschlusskappe 50 für das Führungsrohr 18. Im vorliegenden Fall ist die Kappe derart ausgestaltet, dass sie gleichzeitig zur Befestigung des Druckluft-Linearvibrators auf einer zu vibrierenden Vorrichtung dient. Sie kann zu diesem Zweck ein nicht dargestelltes Aussengewinde haben.That from the end part 14, which is on the entry side the compressed air is arranged, projecting guide tube 18 serves as a fastening piece for a compressed air supply hose, not shown. This is expediently secured with a clamp or the like. The end part 16 carries a closure cap 50 for the guide tube 18. In the present case, the cap is designed in such a way that it also serves to fasten the compressed air linear vibrator to a device to be vibrated. For this purpose, it can have an external thread, not shown.

Die Arbeitsvolumen V₁ und V₂ werden durch becher förmige Aussparungen in den Abschlussteilen 14, 16, das Führungsrohr 18 und die betreffende Stirnfläche des Kolbens 10 gebildet.The working volumes V₁ and V₂ are formed by cup-shaped recesses in the end parts 14, 16, the guide tube 18 and the relevant end face of the piston 10.

Bei der Zufuhr des Mediums, beispielsweise Druckluft mit einem Netzdruck von 6-8 bar, zu dem in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Linearvibrator tritt vorerst Luft durch die Hilfsbohrung/en 30 in den von der längsaxialen Bohrung 22 im Kolben 10 mit dem grösseren Durchmesser D₂ und dem eingeengten Aussendurchmesser D₁ des Führungsrohrs 18 sowie den Stufen bei 24 und 28 gebildeten Hohlraum. Der Kolben 10 wird in Richtung des Abschlussteils 16 verschoben, bis die Ringnut 26 mit dem kleineren Durchmesser die Austrittsöffnungen 32 des eingeengten Führungsrohrs 18 erreicht. Diese Stellung wird in Fig. 1 dargestellt.When the medium, for example compressed air with a network pressure of 6-8 bar, is supplied to the linear vibrator shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, air initially passes through the auxiliary bore (s) 30 into the of the longitudinal axial bore 22 in the piston 10 with the larger diameter D₂ and the narrowed outer diameter D₁ of the guide tube 18 and the steps at 24 and 28 formed cavity. The piston 10 is displaced in the direction of the end part 16 until the annular groove 26 with the smaller diameter reaches the outlet openings 32 of the narrowed guide tube 18. This position is shown in Fig. 1.

Sobald die Druckluft durch die Austrittsöffnungen 32 über die Kanäle 27 in das Arbeitsvolumen V₁ eindringen kann, wird der Kolben in die andere Richtung gedrückt, wobei das beim Abschlussteil 14 liegende Arbeitsvolumen V₂ vermindert und die Luft komprimiert wird. Wenn die grössere Ringnut 26 die Austrittsöffnungen 32 des nicht eingeengten Führungsrohrs 18 erreicht, wird durch die über die Kanäle 27 in das Arbeitsvolumen V₂ eindringende Druckluft erneute Umkehr der Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens 10 bewirkt. In dieser Position wird Druckluft aus dem Arbeitsvolumen V₁ über den Ringspalt R in den mantel förmigen Zwischenraum zwischen dem Kolben 10 und dem Schalldämpferrohr 52 abgelassen.As soon as the compressed air can enter the working volume V 1 through the outlet openings 32 via the channels 27, the piston is pressed in the other direction, the working volume V 2 lying at the end part 14 being reduced and the air being compressed. When the larger annular groove 26 reaches the outlet openings 32 of the non-constricted guide tube 18, the compressed air entering through the channels 27 into the working volume V₂ causes the direction of movement of the piston 10 to be reversed again. In this position compressed air is discharged from the working volume V 1 through the annular gap R into the jacket-shaped space between the piston 10 and the silencer tube 52.

Die Stirnflächen des Kolbens 10 schlagen nicht auf dem flachen Boden der Abschlussteile 14, 16 auf, weil nach dem Druckausgleich die komprimierte Restluft ein Druckkissen bildet.The end faces of the piston 10 do not hit the flat bottom of the end parts 14, 16, because after the pressure equalization, the compressed residual air forms a pressure cushion.

Der augenfälligste Unterschied des Linearvibrators von Fig. 3 zu demjenigen von Fig. 1 und 2 besteht darin, dass der Abschlussteil 16 als Befestigungsflansch mit einer Montagefläche 54 und Schraubenlöchern 56 ausgebildet ist. Beide Abschlussteile 14, 16 haben eine im Querschnitt ringförmige Dichtlippe 57 mit einer Dichtfläche 58, auf welcher die seitliche Innenwand einer topfförmigen Ausnehmung des Kolbens 10 an den Stirnflächen gleitet.The most obvious difference between the linear vibrator of FIG. 3 and that of FIGS. 1 and 2 is that the end part 16 is designed as a fastening flange with a mounting surface 54 and screw holes 56. Both end parts 14, 16 have a sealing lip 57 which is annular in cross section and has a sealing surface 58 on which the lateral inner wall of a cup-shaped recess in the piston 10 slides on the end faces.

Der Abschlussteil 14 ist mit einem Abschlussdeckel 60 versehen, durch welchen Abluftbohrungen 62 für die aus den Arbeitsvolumen V₁, V₂ ausgestossene Druckluft führen.The end part 14 is provided with an end cover 60 through which exhaust bores 62 lead for the compressed air expelled from the working volume V 1, V 2.

Das in bezug auf die Achse A koaxiale Schalldämpferrohr 52 ist dichtend ausgebildet, es ist stirnseitig auf die beiden Abschlussteile 14, 16 gestülpt.The silencer tube 52, which is coaxial with respect to the axis A, is designed to be sealing, and is placed on the end face of the two end parts 14, 16.

Entsprechend Fig. 1 und 2 weist der Kolben zwei benachbart der Stirnflächen angeordnete Ringnuten 26 im Abstand n auf. Die Kanäle 27 sind eine Ringnut mit der benachbarten topfförmigen Aussparung in der Stirnseite verbindende, in Axialrichtung verlaufende Bohrungen.1 and 2, the piston has two annular grooves 26 arranged adjacent the end faces at a distance n. The channels 27 are an annular groove with the adjacent cup-shaped recess in the end face, extending in the axial direction bores.

Das auf beiden Stirnseiten mit einem Aussen- 64 und einem Innengewinde 66 versehene Führungsrohr 18 ragt beidseits aus dem Vibrator hinaus und weist im Abstand a je wenigstens zwei, vorzugsweise je drei axialsymmetrisch angeordnete Austrittsöffnungen 32 auf. Dadurch wird der Kolben 10 mit einem Luftlagerkissen geführt. Die Aussengewinde 64 erlauben bei Bedarf eine beidseitige Montage.The guide tube 18, which is provided on both end faces with an external 64 and an internal thread 66, projects out of the vibrator on both sides and has at least two, preferably three, axially symmetrically arranged outlet openings 32 at a distance a. As a result, the piston 10 guided with an air bearing cushion. The external threads 64 allow installation on both sides if required.

Mit der auf das Aussengewinde 64 des Führungsrohrs 18 aufgebrachten Mutter 68 und der Kegelmutter 70 werden die Abschlussteile 14, 16 auf das Schalldämpferrohr 52 gepresst und so die Teile der Vibrators mechanisch stabil zusammengebaut. Bei der beidseitig möglichen Luftzufuhr durch das Führungsrohr 18, eine der Eintrittsöffnungen ist mit einem Verschlusszapfen 72 verschlossen, beginnt der Kolben der Länge 1 zu vibrieren. Eine als Starthilfe eingesetzte Spiralfeder 74 bewirkt automatisch, dass im betriebsbereiten Zustand eine Ringnut 26 des Kolbens 10 und axialsymmetrisch angeordnete Austrittsöffnungen 32 des Führungsrohrs 18 aufeinanderliegen. Die Spiralfeder 74 liegt einends auf dem Abschlussteil 16 und andernends in einer einfachheitshalber nicht dargestellten Nut im Aussenmantel des Kolbens 10 auf.With the nut 68 and the conical nut 70 applied to the external thread 64 of the guide tube 18, the end parts 14, 16 are pressed onto the muffler tube 52 and the parts of the vibrator are thus assembled in a mechanically stable manner. With the air supply possible on both sides through the guide tube 18, one of the inlet openings is closed with a locking pin 72, the piston of length 1 begins to vibrate. A spiral spring 74 used as a starting aid automatically causes an annular groove 26 of the piston 10 and axially symmetrically arranged outlet openings 32 of the guide tube 18 to lie on one another in the operational state. The spiral spring 74 rests on one end on the end part 16 and on the other in a groove (not shown for the sake of simplicity) in the outer jacket of the piston 10.

Auf der Abluftseite wird ein Verschlussdeckel 76 auf das Führungsrohr 18 geschraubt. Ueber einen O-Ring drückt der mit einer Kontermutter 80 gesicherte Verschlussdeckel 76 ein in Querschnitt ringförmiges, poröses Schalldämpfelement 82 in eine entsprechend ausgeformte Nut des Abschlussdekkels 60. Zwischen dem Abschlussdeckel 60 und dem Verschlussdeckel 76 bleibt ein ringförmiger Schlitz 84 offen, durch welchen die Abluft nach dem Durchtritt durch das Schalldämpfelement 82 entweichen kann. Der Verschlussdeckel 76 ist also das Gehäuse für das Schalldämpfelement 82 und dient gleichzeitig der Feinregulierung der Abluftmenge, wobei der Schlitz 84 geschlossen oder geöffnet, und der eingelegte O-Ring 78 mehr oder weniger zusammengedrückt wird. Die Breite des Abluftschlitzes 84 wirkt sich auf den vom Vibrator erzeugten Lärm und auf dessen Frequenz aus.A closure cover 76 is screwed onto the guide tube 18 on the exhaust air side. Via an O-ring, the cover 76 secured with a lock nut 80 presses a porous sound-absorbing element 82, which is ring-shaped in cross-section, into a correspondingly shaped groove of the cover 60. Between the cover 60 and the cover 76, an annular slot 84 remains open, through which the exhaust air can escape after passing through the sound absorbing element 82. The closure cover 76 is thus the housing for the sound-absorbing element 82 and at the same time serves to fine-tune the amount of exhaust air, the slot 84 being closed or opened and the inserted O-ring 78 being more or less compressed. The width of the exhaust slot 84 affects the noise generated by the vibrator and its frequency.

Falls die Luftzufuhr von der Abluftseite her erfolgt, kann das auf der andern Seite verschlossene Führungsrohr 18 bündig mit der Montagefläche 54 oder leicht versenkt abgeschnitten und so ein Aufbringen auf einer ebenen Unterfläche erleichtert werden.If the air is supplied from the exhaust side, the guide tube 18, which is closed on the other side, can be flush cut off with the mounting surface 54 or slightly countersunk, thus facilitating application on a flat lower surface.

Das Funktionsprinzip von Fig, 3 entspricht ― abgesehen von der erwähnten Starthilfe ― demjenigen von Fig. 1 und 2.The operating principle of FIG. 3 corresponds to that of FIGS. 1 and 2, with the exception of the starting aid mentioned.

Der in den Fig. 4-7 in seinen wesentlichen funktionellen Teilen dargestellte Linearvibrator hat ein Führungsrohr 18 mit vier axialsymetrisch angeordneten Austrittsöffnungen 32. Der in seinen Aussenkonturen Fig. 3 entsprechende Kolben 10 hat zwei benachbart der Längsmitte angeordnete Ringnuten 26. Diese sind über radiale Stichkanäle 86 mit je drei in Axialrichtung verlaufenden Kanälen 27 verbunden, die zur entfernter liegenden Stirnseite des Kolbens führen. Dadurch verschieben sich die Austrittsöffnungen 32, wenn sie über einer Ringnut 26 liegen und einem Arbeitsvolumen V₁ oder V₂ Druckmedium zugeführt wird, stets in den Bereich zwischen den beiden Ringnuten 26 zurück.The linear vibrator shown in FIGS. 4-7 in its essential functional parts has a guide tube 18 with four axially symmetrically arranged outlet openings 32. The piston 10 corresponding in its outer contours in FIG. 3 has two annular grooves 26 arranged adjacent to the longitudinal center. These are via radial branch channels 86 each with three axially extending channels 27 which lead to the distal end of the piston. As a result, the outlet openings 32 always move back into the area between the two ring grooves 26 when they lie over an annular groove 26 and a working volume V 1 or V 2 pressure medium is supplied.

Eine Starthilfe ist einfachheitshalber nicht eingezeichnet, sie kann nach der oben aufgezeigten Weise erfolgen.A jump start is not shown for the sake of simplicity, it can be done in the manner shown above.

Ebenfalls kann offen bleiben, ob das Führungsrohr 18 mit den Abschlussteilen 14, 18 oder der Kolben 10 an der Unterlage befestigt ist.It can also be left open whether the guide tube 18 is fastened to the base with the end parts 14, 18 or the piston 10.

Fig. 8 zeigt einen Linearvibrator, der mit pneumatischmechanischen Beschleunigungsmitteln arbeitet. Das Führungsrohr 18 ist nur auf der Eintrittseite des Druckmediums rohrförmig ausgebildet, indem ein zylinderförmiger Stab ausgebohrt wird. Auf dieser Seite ist der Kolben 10 entsprechend Fig. 3 ausgebildet. Auf der andern Seite dagegen ist zwischen der Stirnfläche des Kolbens 10 und dem Abschlussteil 16 eine Rückführungsfeder 88 angeordnet.Fig. 8 shows a linear vibrator which works with pneumatic-mechanical accelerating means. The guide tube 18 is only tubular on the inlet side of the pressure medium by drilling out a cylindrical rod. The piston 10 is designed on this side in accordance with FIG. 3. On the other hand, a return spring 88 is arranged between the end face of the piston 10 and the end part 16.

Die Rückführungsfeder wird zusammengedrückt, wenn die Austrittsöffnungen 32 und die Ringnut 26 übereinanderliegen und das Druckmedium über die als Bohrung ausgebildeten Kanäle in das Arbeitsvolumen V austritt.The return spring is compressed when the Outlet openings 32 and the annular groove 26 lie one above the other and the pressure medium exits into the working volume V via the channels designed as a bore.

Sobald sich der Kolben 10 unter dem Druck des Mediums so weit in Richtung der Rückführungsfeder 88 verschoben hat, dass das Medium aus dem Arbeitsvolumen V entweichen kann, drückt die Rückführungsfeder den Kolben 10 zurück, bis das Medium wieder aus den Austrittsöffnungen 32 austreten kann, und ein neuer Arbeitszyklus beginnt.As soon as the piston 10 has moved so far in the direction of the return spring 88 under the pressure of the medium that the medium can escape from the working volume V, the return spring pushes the piston 10 back until the medium can emerge again from the outlet openings 32, and a new work cycle begins.

Die Federkraft der Rückführungsfeder 88 und der Druck des zugeführten Mediums müssen aufeinander abgestimmt sein. Falls die Ringnut 26 und die Austrittsöffnungen 32 in Ruhelage nicht übereinanderliegen, wird eine Starthilfe der erwähnten Art eingesetzt.The spring force of the return spring 88 and the pressure of the medium supplied must be coordinated. If the annular groove 26 and the outlet openings 32 do not lie one above the other in the rest position, a starting aid of the type mentioned is used.

Claims (11)

1. Pneumatic linear vibrator, comprising a piston guide defined by detachable end parts (14, 16) sealing at least on one side, a piston (10), an external pipe (52), and means for supplying and removing a gaseous or vaporised pressure medium, the relative movement between the guide having the end parts and the piston being effected by automatic alternating supply of the pressure medium to a working volume (V, V₁, V₂) formed on one end face of the piston (10), the piston (10) having a longitudinal axial bore (22) which has an annular groove (26) in the region of at least one end or adjacent to the longitudinal centre on at least one side, said annular grooves each being connected to an end face of the piston (10) by means of at least two axisymmetric channels (27) extending in the axial direction (A) and sealed off from the longitudinal axial bore (22) of the piston (10), this end face being the adjacent face when annular grooves (26) are arranged in the region of the piston ends and the remote face when annular grooves (26) are arranged in the region of the longitudinal centre, and a pipe (18) for the supply of the pressure medium closed on one side and passing through the end parts (14, 16) and the longitudinal axial bore (22) of the piston (10) in a sealed manner, said pipe serving as a piston guide and having radially disposed axisymmetric outlet openings (32) for the pressure medium corresponding to the annular grooves (26) in the longitudinal axial bore (22) of the piston (10), characterised in that in order to form a working volume (V, V₁, V₂), the end parts (14, 16) for receiving in a sealed manner the piston ends or the end faces of the piston (10) for receiving in a sealed manner the end parts (14, 16) are cup-shaped, the flat base of the cup and the end face introduced extending completely in parallel in order to form a pressure cushion on at least one side, the piston (10) being guided by the pipe (18), the external pipe being designed as a sound-absorbing pipe (52) extending along the entire length of and at a distance from the piston (10), and the piston (10), in a final position, forming an annular clearance (R) for the outflow of the pressure medium.
2. Linear vibrator according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of annular grooves (26) arranged in the region of the piston ends, their spacing (n) is smaller and the length (1) of the piston is greater than the spacing (a) of the outlet openings (32) in the guide pipe (18), the annular grooves (26) lying within or on the outlet openings (32) in the operative state.
3. Linear vibrator according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of annular grooves (26) arranged on either side in the region of the longitudinal centre of the piston, axisymmetric outlet openings (32) are only cut out at an axial height of the guide pipe (18), the outlet openings (32) lying between or on the annular grooves (26) in the operative state.
4. Linear vibrator according to claim 1, characterised in that an annular groove (26) having channels (27) to the adjacent end face of the piston (10) is arranged in the region of one piston end and a return spring (88) engages the other end of the piston, the guide pipe having axisymmetric outlet openings (32) in the region of the annular groove (26).
5. Linear vibrator according to one of claims 1-4, characterised in that the guide pipe (18) for guiding the piston (10) with an air bearing cushion at one or two axial height/heights has at least two, preferably at least three axisymmetric outlet openings (32).
6. Linear vibrator according to one of claims 1-5, characterised in that a spring (74) is mounted at one piston end to act as a starting aid, said spring causing an annular groove (26) and axisymmetric outlet openings (32) in the guide pipe (18) to lie one over the other in the operative state.
7. Linear vibrator according to one of claims 1-5, characterised in that a starting aid is formed in that the guide pipe (19) has a stepped narrowed section (28) of the outer circumference between the axisymmetric outlet openings (32) for the pressure medium, said narrowed section continuing as far as the corresponding end part (16), in that at least one auxiliary bore (30) passes through the narrowed pipe wall directly beside the narrowed section (28), and in that the longitudinal axial bore (22) of the piston (10) has, between the annular grooves (26), a cross-sectional reduction (24) corresponding to the narrowed section (28) on the guide pipe (18) and continuing as far as the end face, the auxiliary bore/bores (30) being open in every position of the piston (10).
8. Linear vibrator according to one of claims 1-7, characterised in that the sliding surfaces are coated with a friction-reducing, wear-resistant inorganic or organic material.
9. Linear vibrator according to one of claims 1-8 for use as a plunger-type vibrator, characterised in that the sound-absorbing pipe (52) is closed at the end faces of the linear vibrator, the top surface of hoses for the supply of the pressure medium or the connections thereof being penetrated in a sealed manner and being equipped with a connection for the removal of the pressure medium.
10. Linear vibrator according to claim 9, characterised in that the sound-absorbing pipe (52) consists of a corrosion- and/or erosion-resistant material or is coated therewith.
11. Linear vibrator according to one of claims 1-8 for use as a striking tool, characterised in that at least the end face of the end part (16) remote from the compressed air supply and the corresponding end face of the piston (10) consist of wear-resistant and impact-resistant material and at least one bore passes through the wall of the end part (16) just in front of the striking surface of the piston (10).
EP88907143A 1987-09-09 1988-08-23 Pneumatic linear vibrator Expired - Lifetime EP0330687B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88907143T ATE70336T1 (en) 1987-09-09 1988-08-23 PNEUMATIC LINEAR VIBRATOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH349287 1987-09-09
CH3492/87 1987-09-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0330687A1 EP0330687A1 (en) 1989-09-06
EP0330687B1 true EP0330687B1 (en) 1991-12-11

Family

ID=4257166

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88907143A Expired - Lifetime EP0330687B1 (en) 1987-09-09 1988-08-23 Pneumatic linear vibrator

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US (1) US5070769A (en)
EP (1) EP0330687B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE70336T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3866865D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1989002514A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPM597094A0 (en) * 1994-05-31 1994-06-23 Hansen, A.M. Dynamic linear mass accelerator
DE19652707C2 (en) * 1996-12-18 2000-07-20 Netter Gmbh Pneumatic knocker
US7225725B2 (en) * 2005-05-17 2007-06-05 Trestain Dennis A Bi-directional pneumatic motor
US9499085B2 (en) * 2013-06-25 2016-11-22 Martin Engineering Company Vibratory apparatus
KR101546056B1 (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-08-20 이경운 Vibration generator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL35760C (en) *
FR760428A (en) * 1932-11-24 1934-02-22 Cie Parisienne Outil Air Compr Vibrator
BE515262A (en) * 1951-11-03
US2748750A (en) * 1953-01-13 1956-06-05 Armour Res Found Vibrationless pneumatic impact tool
US2917025A (en) * 1958-06-03 1959-12-15 Richard O Dulaney Pneumatic drill hammer
US2887989A (en) * 1958-07-03 1959-05-26 Richard O Dulaney Pneumatic rotary drill hammer
US3045768A (en) * 1958-07-14 1962-07-24 Gardner Denver Co Fluid operated percussion drill
US3736843A (en) * 1971-05-20 1973-06-05 Applied Power Ind Inc Vibrator apparatus
US4026193A (en) * 1974-09-19 1977-05-31 Raymond International Inc. Hydraulically driven hammer system
SE406875B (en) * 1976-03-15 1979-03-05 Nilsson Goran Alfred RELEASE DEVICE FOR PRESSED MEDIUM, PRESSURE AND REVERSE IMPACT MECHANISM
SU655824A1 (en) * 1976-07-07 1979-04-05 Институт Горного Дела Со Ан Ссср Pneumatic percussion device for drilling boreholes
US4303002A (en) * 1978-01-31 1981-12-01 Maslakov Petr A Hand-operated pneumatic impact machine
US4351225A (en) * 1980-01-17 1982-09-28 The Aro Corporation Vibration attenuation construction for an impact air tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5070769A (en) 1991-12-10
DE3866865D1 (en) 1992-01-23
WO1989002514A1 (en) 1989-03-23
EP0330687A1 (en) 1989-09-06
ATE70336T1 (en) 1991-12-15

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