EP0330595A1 - Segler mit einer Anti-Kenter-Hebevorrichtung - Google Patents

Segler mit einer Anti-Kenter-Hebevorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0330595A1
EP0330595A1 EP89440016A EP89440016A EP0330595A1 EP 0330595 A1 EP0330595 A1 EP 0330595A1 EP 89440016 A EP89440016 A EP 89440016A EP 89440016 A EP89440016 A EP 89440016A EP 0330595 A1 EP0330595 A1 EP 0330595A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wing
sailboat
mast
rudder
fin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89440016A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0330595B1 (de
Inventor
Marc Girard
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0330595A1 publication Critical patent/EP0330595A1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/068—Sails pivotally mounted at mast tip

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction of sailboats, and relates to a sailboat provided with a lifting and anti-heeling device.
  • any increase in aerodynamic thrust has the effect of a corresponding increase in speed and entails an obligation to correspondingly increase the anti-heel return weights.
  • the increase in the hydrodynamic drag then takes place for two reasons, namely, due to the increase in speed, and that of the volume of the hull, which has the consequence that the real gain in speed in displacement is relatively small compared to the increase in aerodynamic thrust.
  • the present invention aims to overcome all these drawbacks by ensuring a virtual elimination of the volume of the submerged hull, and therefore of the drag, while compensating for the heeling torque, so as to achieve a considerable reduction in weight of the sailboat which can then evolve to high speed by hovering on the surface or above the surface of the water according to the force of the wind.
  • a single or multihull sailboat provided with at least one mast for fixing one or more sails, a fin and a rudder, characterized in that it is provided with 'a lifting and anti-heeling device connected to the head of the mast with the possibility of limited pivoting around the latter.
  • the sailboat of the catamaran type, which is provided with a mast 1 for fixing one or more sails 2, a fin 3 and a rudder 4, is provided with a lifting and anti-heeling device 5 connected to the head of the mast 1 with the possibility of limited pivoting around the latter.
  • the lift and anti-heeling device 5 is advantageously constituted in the form of a wing connected to the head of the mast 1 by means of an arm 6 secured to one end of the infrastructure of the wing and provided at its other end a pivoting head cooperating with a housing of corresponding shape of the head of the mast 1 in the manner of a ball joint, the housing providing a limitation of said pivoting of the arm 6 around three orthogonal axes passing over the head of the mast 1.
  • the lift device or wing 5 is provided on the rear part of its lower surface with a set of rudder 7 rudder 8.
  • the lifting device or wing 5 is provided on its rear trailing edge with two adjustable flaps 9 of depth and inclination.
  • the pivoting of the arm 6 in the housing of the head of the mast 1 can also be controlled by means of cables (not shown) connected, on the one hand, to the ends of the wing 5 and, on the other hand, to means mechanical, electro-mechanical or other actuation, provided on the deck of the sailboat.
  • cables not shown
  • These means of actuation little wind be constituted by mechanical or electro-mechanical winches, or by mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders with manual or motorized actuation.
  • the arm 6 and the wing 5 are articulated at the head of the mast 1 along three orthogonal axes allowing their orientation in all the useful directions, namely a complete rotation around the axis of the mast 1 allowing to the wing or device 5 to position themselves nose to the wind in the manner of a wind vane, this alignment being ensured by the thrust of the wind on the lower surface of the wing 5 and on its drift plane 7 - rudder 8, an inclination to the left or to the right of up to 90 ° relative to the axis of the mast 1, causing the inclination ⁇ of the wing 5, by action on the corresponding cables connected to the wing 5 or on the flaps 9 and an inclination relative to the direction of advance of the sailboat, creating the angle of attack ⁇ of the wing 5 relative to the horizontal relative wind VR, also by action on the flaps 9 or on corresponding cables connected to wing 5.
  • the arm 6 is fixed to the wing 5 on the longitudinal axis 10 of the latter at a point T adjustable on said axis 10, this point T being located in front of the centers of gravity and wing 5 thrust.
  • the control of the movements of the rudder 8 and of the flaps 9 is advantageously carried out by means of rods 11 which are actuated by linear motors such as electric or pneumatic jacks 12, controlled from the bridge by means of a manipulator box of the type "joystick" acting on a rheostat or on a pneumatic distributor and whose energy is supplied by a battery mounted on the deck or by a pressurized air center, the control of the latter or the electrical supply of the battery being carried out by means of a hydraulic propeller, or by means of a turbine supplied by an orifice provided on the leading edge of fin 3, actuating a dynamo or an alternator or a compressor.
  • linear motors such as electric or pneumatic jacks 12
  • a manipulator box of the type "joystick" acting on a rheostat or on a pneumatic distributor and whose energy is supplied by a battery mounted on the deck or by a pressurized air center
  • the control of the latter or the electrical supply of the battery being
  • the inclination of the wing 5, on the one hand, of an angle ⁇ on the windward side and, on the other hand, of an angle of attack ⁇ relative to the horizontal relative wind VR induces a result of thrust aerodynamic FA on the wing 5 which is close to the axis of the arm 6.
  • the latter has two very important effects on the boat, namely, on the one hand, a lifting effect and, on the other hand, an effect anti-heeling balancing torque.
  • the lift is obtained under the effect of the vertical component of the aerodynamic thrust FA which compensates for the downward vertical forces, namely the weight of the sailboat, and the vertical component of the thrust on the FV sails, so that the sailboat tends to be pulled out of the water in the direction of the mast 1 at the connection of the head of said mast 1 with the arm 6 secured to the wing 5.
  • the adjustment of the angle of attack ⁇ causes a change in altitude of the sailboat which has the effect of lifting its hull out of the water.
  • the anti-heeling balancing torque is obtained by the action of the aerodynamic thrust FA on the wing 5 in the form of a force acting on the head of the mast 1 creating a restoring torque which balances the couples of heel around a point D of the fin 3, due to the action of the wind on the sails 2 or sails, so that the inclination ⁇ of the mast is stabilized.
  • a significant anti-heeling torque can be obtained with a relatively low aerodynamic thrust force FA by using a mast of considerable length, the mast forming the lever arm.
  • the assembly according to the invention is stable and the hydraulic drag, which was the main brake on movement, is very greatly reduced.
  • the only submerged volume of the sailboat remains that of the fin 3 and the rudder 4, which is reduced to a very small surface, almost flat and very fine, and advancing on edge, in the manner of 'a knife blade.
  • the sailboat thus formed advances by hovering over the water at a speed much higher than that of the corresponding sailboats of conventional type and this speed is several times higher than that of the absolute wind.
  • the rudder 4 is provided, near its lower end, with a stabilizing fin 13 fixedly mounted on said rudder 4.
  • a stabilizing fin 13 fixedly mounted on said rudder 4.
  • Such a fin makes it possible to ensure horizontal stability of the axis of the sailboat in its plane of symmetry.
  • This fin is advantageously mounted substantially parallel to the bridge. It is also possible to make the stabilizing fin 13 adjustable in inclination relative to the deck of the sailboat, by mounting by means of a pivot axis on the rudder 4 and manual actuation by means of a rod which can be locked in position or hydraulically, mechanically or electrically controlled actuation by means of a centralized control assembly.
  • the sailboat will be built so that the aero- and hydrodynamic couples involved are close to equilibrium without the action of the stabilizing fin 13. Furthermore, the possible possibility of adjusting the trim of the fin 13 by compared to the deck plan makes it possible to optimize the balance between the couples at all times and therefore to optimize the performance of the sailboat, thus ensuring its axis a stability close to the horizontal.
  • the altitude of the sailboat is adjusted relative to the water body by modifying the inclinations ⁇ and ⁇ of the wing 5, either by means of cables acting on the ends of the latter in order to achieve the desired pivotings, either by action on the adjustable flaps 9 of depth and inclination.
  • the takeoff of the hull out of the water is carried out for wind speeds greater than a minimum speed which depends, on the one hand, on the surface of the wing 5 and, on the other hand, on the surface of the sails 2 propulsion and total weight of the sailboat.
  • a minimum wind speed which depends, on the one hand, on the surface of the wing 5 and, on the other hand, on the surface of the sails 2 propulsion and total weight of the sailboat.
  • the wing 5 continues to fulfill its effect of lightening the sailboat and contributing to the balancing in heel, so that, compared to a conventional sailboat of the same type and with the same wind force, the possible support on the float in the wind and, in any case, the list are considerably reduced.
  • Navigating close to the water of a sailboat according to the invention is therefore carried out with much weaker winds than for conventional sailboats and this very fast navigation mode precedes the complete takeoff occurring as soon as the wind speed exceeds the minimum speed required.
  • the fin 3 is advantageously in the form of a thin plate, with a frontal section reducing towards the foot and with a high elastic limit, rigidly fixed under the bridge, with the possibility of vertical sliding, and supported with respect to the bridge by means tie rods 14 fixed to the drift well.
  • This drift 3 allows, as on conventional sailboats, to limit the drift of the boat by pressing on the water, but, however, the FD anti-drift thrust which it supports is greatly increased.
  • the material of the fin 3 may be, for example, aluminum and its particular front section, decreasing in the direction of the foot, is adapted to the variation of the bending moment so as to reduce the weight of the fin.
  • the rudder 4 by vertical sliding along its axis of orientation.
  • the other elements of the sailboat according to the invention are, in principle, similar to those of a conventional sailboat of the corresponding type. However, their technical characteristics are significantly changed.
  • the anti-heel thrust FA creates at the top of the mast 1 a leeward support which does not exist on conventional sailboats, so that the wind shroud 15 is no longer under tension and that, by dint of equal FV heel, mast 1 is less flexed than on a classic sailboat and can therefore be lighter.
  • This last advantage can be taken advantage of to optimize the masts, that is to say to use taller masts in order to increase the propulsion force FV and therefore the speed.
  • the leeward shroud 16 is under moderate tension to prevent the rotation of the hull or the chassis of the sailboat around the foot of the mast under the effect of the FD anti-drift thrust.
  • the sails 2 are close to the plane of symmetry of the boat and can interfere.
  • the jib may be of reduced width in order to move its trailing edge away from the mainsail.
  • the floats 17 of the latter are advantageously mounted on telescopic arms 18 adjustable in extension relative to the deck or to the central hull, fixedly or continuously, by means of assembly bolts or by means of linear motors.
  • the floats 17 can be brought together at a minimum distance from the central hull or the deck in the garage or transport position and can be moved apart in the use position, this spacing possibly being varied during use in order to optimize the performance of the sailboat.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 show an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the sails 2 are replaced by rigid wings 19 movable around integrated masts, these wings 19 being spaced from one another in order to receive air flows independent, the lifting device 5 being articulated on a chassis 20 at a point 21 forming the aerodynamic barycenter of the tops of the masts of the wings 19.
  • the sailboat is in the form of a catamaran whose floats 22 do not play their role as hulls only in takeoff and ditching phases, that is to say at low speed.
  • the support on the leeward float is reduced thanks to the influence of the wing 5, the floats 22 and the pendulums 23 connecting them to the chassis 24 are subjected to great efforts. lower than on conventional multihulls and can therefore be considerably reduced, which further contributes to the reduction in total weight.
  • the floats 22 can be made of very light materials, such as, for example, simple inflatable cylinders provided with aerodynamic tips and the pendulums 23 of low weight and section may be sliding under the chassis 24 for the purpose of adjusting the span.
  • the masts of the wings 19 are advantageously mounted on transverse arms housed telescopically in the chassis 20 for connection to the wing 5 and in integral sleepers of the chassis 24, the said transverse arms being displaceable and adjustable in spacing by means of pinion-rack assemblies or jacks.
  • a sailboat capable of reaching high speeds at the level and, in particular, above the water by using the principle of propulsion by the aerodynamic pressure of the wind on a system of sails or wings carried by one or more vertical masts combined with an adjustable aerial wing fixed at the top of the mast and simultaneously creating lift and anti-heel effects allowing the boat to rise, at first, to the surface of the water, then accelerate and take off above the water level to then sail in balanced lift with an almost total suppression of the hydrodynamic hull drag.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
EP89440016A 1988-02-23 1989-02-22 Segler mit einer Anti-Kenter-Hebevorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0330595B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8802338 1988-02-23
FR8802338A FR2627449B1 (fr) 1988-02-23 1988-02-23 Voilier muni d'un dispositif de sustentation et anti-gite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0330595A1 true EP0330595A1 (de) 1989-08-30
EP0330595B1 EP0330595B1 (de) 1994-06-01

Family

ID=9363637

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89440016A Expired - Lifetime EP0330595B1 (de) 1988-02-23 1989-02-22 Segler mit einer Anti-Kenter-Hebevorrichtung

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5076186A (de)
EP (1) EP0330595B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH02503302A (de)
AT (1) ATE106340T1 (de)
AU (1) AU632041B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1326409C (de)
DE (1) DE68915575T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2627449B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1989008046A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3121424A1 (fr) * 2021-04-01 2022-10-07 Michel Le Gallic Dispositif aerien pour optimiser les engins a voiles

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPP691498A0 (en) * 1998-11-02 1998-11-26 Bourn, Stephen Improved sail craft
US6453836B1 (en) 1999-11-29 2002-09-24 Stephen Hampton Ditmore Sailboat keel with a rotatable secondary foil
US6732670B2 (en) 2000-06-13 2004-05-11 William Richards Rayner Sailing craft
FR2822802B1 (fr) * 2001-03-29 2004-05-14 Maurice Grenier Embarcation nautique tractee par une voilure cerf-volant
WO2003024781A1 (en) * 2001-08-14 2003-03-27 John Godfrey Morley Wind powered vehicle
US6789489B1 (en) 2003-06-11 2004-09-14 Jeffrey S. Phipps Sailboat with gimbaled mast and keel
US7406922B2 (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-08-05 Jess Gregory Spoiler anchoring sail
US8973511B2 (en) * 2012-03-27 2015-03-10 Walter Holemans Autonomous sailboat for oceanographic monitoring
CN113998087B (zh) * 2021-11-19 2023-02-24 武汉理工大学 一种船舶翼形抗横倾装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR566693A (fr) * 1922-06-02 1924-02-18 Inst Voor Aero & Hydro Dynamie Dispositif applicable aux bateaux à voiles
FR2082359A5 (de) * 1970-03-12 1971-12-10 Gance Jacques
US4116151A (en) * 1976-09-08 1978-09-26 John Guthrie Wind powered apparatus
GB1581625A (en) * 1977-03-22 1980-12-17 Walker J G Hydrofoil sailing vessel
FR2461642A1 (fr) * 1979-07-23 1981-02-06 Lafeuille Bruno Le greement-planeur
DE3217250A1 (de) * 1982-05-07 1983-11-10 Werner Prof. Dr. 6740 Landau Stahl Windsurfer
FR2532614A1 (fr) * 1982-09-08 1984-03-09 Guichard Philippe Greement a voilure libre auto-pivotante
NL8304441A (nl) * 1983-12-27 1985-07-16 Garrick Sarkissian Sailing wing.

Family Cites Families (14)

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US2858788A (en) * 1955-05-23 1958-11-04 Aero Nautical Boat Shop Inc Water craft
US3593684A (en) * 1969-09-05 1971-07-20 Joseph A Cogliano Collapsible catamaran
US3720180A (en) * 1970-11-27 1973-03-13 P Stangeland Raffe sail for boats
US3884172A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-05-20 Kenryu Takahashi Hydroplane boat
US4027614A (en) * 1975-04-07 1977-06-07 Jones Clyde B Sailboat construction
AU5858280A (en) * 1979-05-28 1980-12-04 Williams, A.M. Sailing rig
FR2498554B1 (fr) * 1981-01-26 1986-01-31 Burgard Franck Engin de locomotion a propulsion eolienne
FR2519933B1 (fr) * 1982-01-19 1987-05-22 Finot Groupe Systeme de propulsion pour engins et navires a voiles
ES522894A0 (es) * 1982-06-04 1984-05-16 Walker Wingsail Syst Perfeccionamientos introducidos en aparatos de vela.
DE3231764A1 (de) * 1982-08-26 1984-03-01 Horst 4800 Bielefeld Duschek Fluegelrigg
FR2563489B1 (fr) * 1984-04-27 1990-11-16 Pinco Jules Voile de sustentation montee en tete de mat d'un engin nautique ou terrestre a propulsion a voile
US4610212A (en) * 1985-10-11 1986-09-09 Petrovich Enrique G Fast self righting catamaran
GB8624460D0 (en) * 1986-10-13 1986-11-19 Hamel R Sailing system
US4852507A (en) * 1988-01-07 1989-08-01 Randall C. Ryon Sail-wing and controls for a sail craft

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR566693A (fr) * 1922-06-02 1924-02-18 Inst Voor Aero & Hydro Dynamie Dispositif applicable aux bateaux à voiles
FR2082359A5 (de) * 1970-03-12 1971-12-10 Gance Jacques
US4116151A (en) * 1976-09-08 1978-09-26 John Guthrie Wind powered apparatus
GB1581625A (en) * 1977-03-22 1980-12-17 Walker J G Hydrofoil sailing vessel
FR2461642A1 (fr) * 1979-07-23 1981-02-06 Lafeuille Bruno Le greement-planeur
DE3217250A1 (de) * 1982-05-07 1983-11-10 Werner Prof. Dr. 6740 Landau Stahl Windsurfer
FR2532614A1 (fr) * 1982-09-08 1984-03-09 Guichard Philippe Greement a voilure libre auto-pivotante
NL8304441A (nl) * 1983-12-27 1985-07-16 Garrick Sarkissian Sailing wing.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HOVERING CRAFT AND HYDRFOIL, vol. 11, no. 6, mars 1972, pages 14-21; J. WOLF: "The basic mechanics of sailing surface skimmers and their future prospects" *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3121424A1 (fr) * 2021-04-01 2022-10-07 Michel Le Gallic Dispositif aerien pour optimiser les engins a voiles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2627449A1 (fr) 1989-08-25
ATE106340T1 (de) 1994-06-15
EP0330595B1 (de) 1994-06-01
DE68915575T2 (de) 1995-01-12
WO1989008046A1 (fr) 1989-09-08
CA1326409C (fr) 1994-01-25
FR2627449B1 (fr) 1992-04-17
JPH02503302A (ja) 1990-10-11
US5076186A (en) 1991-12-31
DE68915575D1 (de) 1994-07-07
AU632041B2 (en) 1992-12-17
AU3215689A (en) 1989-09-22

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