Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
  • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
  • B63B1/322—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls using aerodynamic elements, e.g. aerofoils producing a lifting force
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
  • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
  • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
  • B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
  • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
  • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
  • B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
  • B63B1/121—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising two hulls
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
  • B63B2035/009—Wind propelled vessels comprising arrangements, installations or devices specially adapted therefor, other than wind propulsion arrangements, installations, or devices, such as sails, running rigging, or the like, and other than sailboards or the like or related equipment
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
  • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

Definitions

• the invention relates to a sailboat, or multihull sailing boat, and more particularly to a method and a device for aerodynamically controlling, independently of the sail, the attitude of the boat, that is to say its trim and its list.
• a multihull sailing boat that is to say a catamaran or trimaran, is intended to sail, at cruising speed, with sufficient heel to rely essentially only on a single lateral hull, the hull "wet", the opposite hull (located facing the wind) on the other hand being lightened or lifted, and as far as possible leveled off, or out of water, so as to reduce drag.
• the angle of heel results on the other hand essentially from the balance between the capsizing torque due to the force of the wind on the wing, and the return torque due to the weight of the planed hull, located facing the wind.
• a typical countermeasure to reduce the angle of heel consists - apart from a displacement of the load of the boat by displacement of the people on board - to reduce the force of the wind on the wing, by reducing it, or even by modifying the angle of incidence of the wind on the sails.
• the inclination of the boat in the longitudinal direction, or trim also varies according to the navigation conditions, including the state of the sea or the body of water, and the parameters of the sail, and it is also desirable to be able to control the trim of the boat independently of the sail.
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide such a boat, comprising an aerodynamic means, independent of the wing, for controlling the attitude of the boat, namely the angle of heel and the trim.
• this is achieved by generating in the superstructure of the boat, and independently of the wing, an additional aerodynamic force, substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the boat, and therefore non-propulsive, adjustable in direction and in size. .
• this additional aerodynamic force is obtained by at least one, and preferably two adjustable aerodynamic flaps, integral with a superstructure spanning the hulls of the boat, at the rear of the latter, and arranged symmetrically by relative to the longitudinal axis of the boat.
• the flaps will normally be pivoted in the same direction, downwards to tend to raise the stern of the boat and counteract a too strong rearward movement, or upwards to strengthen the otherwise the rearing, for example in heavy sea, with risk of charging.
• Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a trimaran according to the invention
• Figure 2 is a front view intended to show the forces at play.
• the aerodynamic control device of the invention is shown mounted at the rear of a trimaran generally designated by the reference numeral 1.
• This device comprises a superstructure 2, spanning the three hulls 3, 3 ', 3 "of the trimaran, and provided with mobile aerodynamic flaps 4, 5.
• the mast is on the other hand sketched at 6, the terminal at 7, and the sail at 8.
• the object of the invention is to provide aerodynamic control of the attitude of the boat, and particularly of its list, to keep it within a desirable range, taking into account that the '' we want to sail the boat as much as possible while resting on a single hull - the wet hull - so as to reduce drag.
• at least one flap (generally the flap located on the windward side, the furthest away from the wet hull) is inclined in the desired direction to exert a stabilizing torque in relation to the longitudinal axis of the boat.
• the two flaps 4, 5 can also be used simultaneously if desired, the simultaneous and symmetrical action of the flaps can be used to correct the attitude, or attitude of the boat in the longitudinal direction, or to reduce the angle trim by reducing the stern of the boat, when the boat tends to pitch up too much, or to reinforce the nose up, for example in the event of risk of charging.
• the flaps can be controlled by known devices, such as jacks or racks, controlled directly by the pilot or even automatically, taking into account parameters such as the speed of the boat, the angle of heel, its speed. variation, wind speed, and the like.
• the superstructure 2 on which the flaps are mounted will advantageously be a boat structure beam, so as not to unnecessarily increase the aerodynamic drag of the superstructure. If necessary, the superstructure 2 can however also be provided in addition, being then designed to withstand only aerodynamic forces.
• the flaps 4, 5 are in the neutral, non-active position, in the axis of the superstructure 2, and the boat rests essentially symmetrically on its side hulls 3, 3 ".
• the flaps 4, 5 are advantageously actuated to improve the attitude.
• the flaps will generally be lowered to the maximum, to generate an aerodynamic force working in the direction of a reduction in the stern of the boat, thus reducing the pitch up, while at the same time tending to reduce the wet surface, and therefore the hydrodynamic drag, so as to accelerate the speed gain.
• the flaps will be advantageously raised to increase the pitch-up, and thus reduce the risk of charging.
• the flap 5 can be gradually brought back to the neutral position to reduce aerodynamic drag, while the flap 4 is lowered, to promote planing of the hull 3, thanks to an unbalanced aerodynamic force relative to the longitudinal axis of the boat.
• the planing of the hull 3 causes an abrupt reduction in the drag, and thus an abrupt increase in the speed.
• the boat is then in cruising speed, with sufficient heel so that the hulls 3, 3 'are essentially out of the water, and that buoyancy is no longer ensured except by the hull 3 "which is then the support hull.
• the flap 4 located on the side of the hull 3 planed will be pivoted up or down, respectively to assist a righting or a lifting of the boat.
• the flaps must be controlled independently, and can be controlled by any known means, for example by double-stroke cylinders, or by racks, controlled by the pilot or automatically.
• Such control systems are known in the art, and need not be described in more detail here.
• the term “shutter” generally means a movable, adjustable profiled member, intended to generate an aerodynamic effect, whether it is a profiled member articulated to a fixed structure, as shown diagrammatically in the drawing, or the whole of a profiled structure.
• mobile as could be the structure 2, made in two parts hinged to each other and at their junctions with the shells.
• flaps are preferably two in number, to take advantage of a possible effect of asymmetry with respect to the longitudinal axis of the boat. They may however be in greater number, without this providing a practical advantage within the framework of the invention

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Toys (AREA)
• Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Family Cites Families (4)

• 2001
  • 2001-04-05 EP EP01923414A patent/EP1412244A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-04-05 WO PCT/BE2001/000058 patent/WO2002081296A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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