EP0330542A1 - Leistungsröhre mit einem Flüssigkeitskühlkreislauf - Google Patents

Leistungsröhre mit einem Flüssigkeitskühlkreislauf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0330542A1
EP0330542A1 EP89400374A EP89400374A EP0330542A1 EP 0330542 A1 EP0330542 A1 EP 0330542A1 EP 89400374 A EP89400374 A EP 89400374A EP 89400374 A EP89400374 A EP 89400374A EP 0330542 A1 EP0330542 A1 EP 0330542A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anode
cooler
flange
brazed
electronic power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89400374A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0330542B1 (de
Inventor
André Gabioud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0330542A1 publication Critical patent/EP0330542A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0330542B1 publication Critical patent/EP0330542B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
    • H01J19/32—Anodes
    • H01J19/36—Cooling of anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/66—Means forming part of the tube for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic power tube of the type for example triode, tetrode or pentode, cooled by the circulation of a fluid and particularly relates to means making it possible to improve the cooling of the anode connection part.
  • a flow of electrons is emitted by a cathode towards an anode.
  • This flow of electrons is modulated by one or more grids before reaching the anode.
  • the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat on the anode.
  • the energy to be dissipated is so great that it is necessary to use cooling devices operating with a fluid whose circulation is forced. This fluid is often air for low powers and a liquid, water in particular, for high powers.
  • Power electronic tubes generally have the following configuration, in the case of a triode with direct heating cathode for example: the cathode has the shape of a cylinder having its axis the longitudinal axis of the tube. There is then a grid which surrounds the cathode and finally an anode which surrounds the grid.
  • the heated part of the cathode constitutes, along the longitudinal axis, an active electron-emitting length: the electrons pass through the grid in radial directions and are captured by the anode.
  • the anode and the grid each have the shape of a hollow cylinder and they each have at their base, on the side of the base of the tube, an electrical connection piece to the outside, which has a cylindrical shape. These anode and grid connection pieces are mechanically secured, by sealing, to the same insulating spacer.
  • the anode forms part of the sealed enclosure inside which is created the vacuum necessary for the operation of the electronic tube.
  • the cooling of the tube is obtained using a cooler consisting of two coaxial cylindrical envelopes, mounted around the anode, one end of the outer envelope being tightly fixed to a flange of the tube, located on the side of the foot of the latter.
  • the outer casing is provided with an inlet duct through which the cooling fluid, for example water, arrives.
  • the circulation of water is forced and the water circulates for example between the outer envelope and the inner envelope to the base of the outer envelope where the water is injected and progresses between the space formed between the 'inner shell and the outer wall of the anode.
  • the transfer of calories to water takes place in this area.
  • the water is then discharged through a second conduit which is provided with the inner envelope.
  • the cooling efficiency of the anode is linked, in a manner known per se, to the flow characteristics of the cooling fluid, in particular to the pressure with which the water is injected into the cooler and to the dimensions of the space between the inner shell and the outer wall of the anode.
  • the configuration described above has a drawback; in fact the elements located near the anode tend to undergo a significant rise in temperature due to thermal conduction. This is particularly the case for the anode connection part.
  • the anode connection piece provides both the electrical connection of the anode to the outside and the mechanical connection with the insulating spacer separating it from the connection piece of the grid.
  • This insulating spacer is preferably made of ceramic.
  • the microwave currents circulate on the surface of the conductors, the thickness being thinner as the frequency is high; this phenomenon is known as the skin effect.
  • the increase in frequency leads to an increase in losses by the Joule effect, more particularly at the level of the connection between the anode connection part and the insulating spacer.
  • the intense heating of the anode connection piece can be harmful for the electronic tube. This heating is due to thermal conduction and the Joule effect.
  • the materials constituting the anode connection piece and the insulating spacer, namely metal and ceramic have different behaviors the higher the temperature. The mechanical stresses induced in these materials may then lead to failure, either at the level of the ceramic metal seal, or in the insulating spacer itself.
  • the invention aims to remedy this drawback by making it possible to stabilize the temperature of the anode connection part, at an acceptable level.
  • the invention consists in deriving all or part of the cooling fluid from the anode, in order to ensure a circulation of fluid on the anode connection piece by favoring the area of the metal ceramic seal.
  • the invention provides an electronic power tube comprising: a hollow cylindrical anode mounted coaxially around a hollow cylindrical grid, itself surrounding a cathode, the inside of the anode being hermetically closed and subjected to vacuum, - a cylindrical anode electrical connection part, brazed on one side at the base of the anode, - a cooler with forced circulation of fluid, consisting of two coaxial cylindrical casings mounted around the anode and defining a closed enclosure, connected to an inlet duct and to a fluid discharge duct, characterized in that the part of the anode connection is brazed on the other side to an integral part of the outer casing of the cooler and in that this anode connection piece constitutes between its two sides a sealed wall closing the enclosure of the cooler and in contact with the coolant.
  • the anode connection part is also integral with an insulating spacer serving as support for a grid connection part and ensuring the vacuum sealing of the interior of the anode. Arrangements are then made so that the region where the anode connection piece is sealed to the spacer is in contact with the coolant.
  • the integral part of the outer casing is a flange which is brazed at the base of the anode. It is traversed by orifices and the circulation of the cooling fluid is bypassed either partially or totally not these orifices towards the anode connection part in order to cool it.
  • the part integral with the outer envelope is a ring.
  • the anode connection piece is in contact with all of the coolant.
  • the anode connection piece completely ensures the mechanical connection between the anode and the ring and therefore between the anode and the outer jacket of the cooling.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a cooled electronic tube according to the prior art, - Figures 2,3,4 sectional views of three variants of the cooling system of the anode connection part according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows in section an electronic tube 1 of power according to the prior art of the triode type with direct heating.
  • the tube 1 comprises a direct heating cathode 5 of cylindrical shape having for axis 3 a longitudinal axis of the tube 1.
  • the cathode 5 is mounted in a conventional manner as shown in the figure: it is fixed, on the side of a tube base 4 on the one hand to a central rod 2 and, on the other hand to a tubular support 19, by which it is electrically connected to a first and a second connection part 12, 6.
  • connection parts 12, 6 are metallic and are mechanically secured to each other by an insulating spacer 7.
  • a grid 8 surrounds the cathode 5.
  • the grid 8 has the shape of a hollow cylinder having its axis the longitudinal axis 3.
  • the end 11 of the grid 8 which is located on the side of the tube base 4 is connected to a third connection part 13 which is secured to the second connection part 6 by an insulating spacer 14.
  • an anode 15 which constitutes a part of an enclosure inside which the vacuum necessary for the operation of the tube is produced.
  • the anode 15 has the general shape of a hollow cylinder whose axis is the longitudinal axis 3 and one end of which, located towards the base of the tube 4, is connected by brazing on the one hand to a flange 22 and on the other hand to a fourth connection piece 23 itself secured by an insulating spacer 25 to the grid connection 13.
  • All the insulating spacers are of cylindrical shape and are made of preferably ceramic.
  • the connections between the connection pieces and the insulating spacers are seals.
  • the anode connection part is only welded to the anode 15 and to the insulating spacer 25.
  • the electronic tube 1 further comprises a cooler 35 mounted around the anode 15.
  • This cooler 35 consists of two envelopes 36, 37 of generally cylindrical shape, coaxial, each having a first end 38, 39 closed and a second end 40 , 41 open.
  • the outer casing 36 is fixed at its base by its open end 40 to the flange 22, in a leaktight manner, using for example, screws 43 and a seal 44.
  • the open end 41 of the inner envelope 37 is not contiguous with the flange 22 in order to form an opening 47 allowing the passage of a cooling fluid.
  • the closed end 38 of the outer casing 36 has an inlet nozzle 49 through which is injected, in a conventional manner, a pressurized fluid, water for example.
  • a pressurized fluid water for example.
  • the water circulates between the outer casing 36 and the inner casing 37 and is injected at the opening 47 into a chamber formed by the inner casing 37 and the anode 15.
  • the water is then discharged by a outlet nozzle 51 placed on the closed end 39 of the inner casing 37.
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial sectional view of the cooling system of an electronic tube according to the invention; the figure represents only an area in the vicinity of the anode connection, the rest of the construction possibly being identical to what has been described with reference to figure 1.
  • the base 40 of the outer casing 36 of the cooler is fixed in a leaktight manner using screws 43 and a seal 44, for example, on the upper face of a flange 55.
  • the flange 55 is fixed to the outer casing 36 of the cooler on the side of its outer periphery while its inner periphery is brazed to anode 15
  • the anode connection piece 23 is always brazed on one side 50 at the base of the anode 15 while on the other side 51 it is brazed on the underside of the flange 55. It is always integral with the insulating spacer 25 by a metal ceramic seal.
  • the soldering of the anode connection part 23 ensures the sealing of an enclosure 52 formed between the anode connection part 23 and the underside of the flange 55.
  • the anode connection piece 23 thus mounted provides sealing between the cooling circuit and the outside of the tube and between the cooling circuit and the inside of the electronic tube.
  • FIG. 2 is a section through two of these orifices designated by 53 and 54.
  • the orifice 53 serves as an orifice inlet because it is located on the flange 55 between the outer casing 36 and the inner casing 37.
  • the orifice 54 serves as an outlet orifice because it is located on the flange 55 between the inner casing 37 and the anode 15.
  • the open end 41 of the inner envelope 37 is not contiguous with the flange 55 in order to form an opening 47 intended for the passage of part of the cooling water.
  • This embodiment allows a partial diversion of the cooling water from the main circuit. In fact, water can always pass through the opening 47. It is possible to control the water flow necessary for cooling the anode connection piece 23 in particular at the level of the seal with the insulating spacer 25 by playing on the ratio of the pressure drops of the branch circuit and the main circuit and also, on the dimensions of the opening 47.
  • FIG. 3 shows in section another embodiment of the cooling circuit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows in section another embodiment of the cooling circuit according to the invention.
  • connection piece 23 of anode 15 is always brazed on one side 50 at the base of the anode 15 and on the other side 51 on the inner flank of a ring 56 secured to the base of the 'outer casing 36 of the cooler.
  • the base 40 of the outer casing 36 of the cooler is fixed in a sealed manner, for example using screws 43 and a seal 44, on the upper face of the ring 56.
  • the ring 56 doesn’t is not connected to anode 15.
  • connection piece 23 constitutes between its two sides a sealed wall closing the enclosure of the cooler.
  • the open end 41 of the inner casing 37 is not contiguous with the anode connection part 23 in order to form an opening 48 intended for the injection of cooling water.
  • the invention is not limited to the configurations described above.
  • the anode connection part is brazed on one side, at the base of the anode and on the other side directly at the base of the outer casing of the cooler.
  • the presence of a flange (55) or a ring (56) is no longer necessary.

Landscapes

  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
EP89400374A 1988-02-26 1989-02-09 Leistungsröhre mit einem Flüssigkeitskühlkreislauf Expired - Lifetime EP0330542B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8802363 1988-02-26
FR8802363A FR2627899B1 (fr) 1988-02-26 1988-02-26 Tube electronique de puissance refroidi par circulation d'un fluide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0330542A1 true EP0330542A1 (de) 1989-08-30
EP0330542B1 EP0330542B1 (de) 1992-03-25

Family

ID=9363661

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89400374A Expired - Lifetime EP0330542B1 (de) 1988-02-26 1989-02-09 Leistungsröhre mit einem Flüssigkeitskühlkreislauf

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4988910A (de)
EP (1) EP0330542B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01264139A (de)
DE (1) DE68901049D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2627899B1 (de)
HK (1) HK71394A (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2720550B1 (fr) * 1994-05-27 1996-12-06 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube électronique à vide de très forte puissance à anode refroidie par circulation forcée.
GB2346007B (en) 1999-01-21 2004-03-03 Imaging & Sensing Tech Corp Getter flash shield
FR2856513A1 (fr) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-24 Thales Sa Tube generateur de rayons x a ensemble porte-cible orientable

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1132439A (fr) * 1954-06-05 1957-03-11 Telefunken Gmbh Dispositif de refroidissement avec ébullition, pour tubes électriques à décharge
US2829290A (en) * 1952-04-10 1958-04-01 Philips Corp Cooling device for electric discharge tubes
US2935306A (en) * 1951-03-02 1960-05-03 Gen Electric Vapor cooling apparatus for electric discharge devices
FR1334976A (fr) * 1962-04-27 1963-08-16 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Perfectionnement aux parois refroidies par vaporisation d'un liquide et aux dispositifs comportant de telles parois

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2564239B1 (fr) * 1984-05-09 1986-09-19 Thomson Csf Tube electronique muni d'un dispositif de refroidissement de la cathode
FR2564240B1 (fr) * 1984-05-09 1986-09-19 Thomson Csf Tube electronique muni d'un dispositif de refroidissement de l'embase de grille

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2935306A (en) * 1951-03-02 1960-05-03 Gen Electric Vapor cooling apparatus for electric discharge devices
US2829290A (en) * 1952-04-10 1958-04-01 Philips Corp Cooling device for electric discharge tubes
FR1132439A (fr) * 1954-06-05 1957-03-11 Telefunken Gmbh Dispositif de refroidissement avec ébullition, pour tubes électriques à décharge
FR1334976A (fr) * 1962-04-27 1963-08-16 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Perfectionnement aux parois refroidies par vaporisation d'un liquide et aux dispositifs comportant de telles parois

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2627899A1 (fr) 1989-09-01
FR2627899B1 (fr) 1990-06-22
US4988910A (en) 1991-01-29
HK71394A (en) 1994-07-29
JPH01264139A (ja) 1989-10-20
DE68901049D1 (de) 1992-04-30
EP0330542B1 (de) 1992-03-25

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