EP0329592A2 - Luftreifen - Google Patents

Luftreifen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0329592A2
EP0329592A2 EP89630032A EP89630032A EP0329592A2 EP 0329592 A2 EP0329592 A2 EP 0329592A2 EP 89630032 A EP89630032 A EP 89630032A EP 89630032 A EP89630032 A EP 89630032A EP 0329592 A2 EP0329592 A2 EP 0329592A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cables
tire
plies
carcass
turn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89630032A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0329592B1 (de
EP0329592A3 (en
Inventor
Thomas Nicholas Hubert Welter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Original Assignee
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co filed Critical Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Publication of EP0329592A2 publication Critical patent/EP0329592A2/de
Publication of EP0329592A3 publication Critical patent/EP0329592A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0329592B1 publication Critical patent/EP0329592B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/02—Carcasses
    • B60C9/10—Carcasses the reinforcing cords within each carcass ply arranged in a crossing relationship
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/48—Tyre cords
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/0042—Reinforcements made of synthetic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
    • B60C9/2009—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords comprising plies of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/26—Folded plies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tire having a carcass ply which comprises a plurality of cables oriented at 76° to 90° with respect to a mid-circumferential plane of the tire, two or more belt plies being disposed radially outwardly of the carcass plies in a crown region of the tire, each of said carcass ply cables comprising two or more yarns twisted together and each of said yarns consists of a plurality of aramid filaments.
  • Such tires are disclosed for example in FR 2 590 207.
  • a tire is "suitable for use on an aircraft" if the tire is of a size and load range, or ply rating, specified in either the YEARBOOK OF THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION , or the YEARBOOK OF THE EUROPEAN TYRE AND RIM TECHNICAL ORGANIZATION , for the year in which the tire is manufactured, or in the current U.S.A. military specification "MIL-T-5041".
  • an aircraft tire 10 of size 46 x 16 R 20 has a pair of substantially inextensible annular bead cores 11,12 which are axially spaced apart with two or more carcass plies 13,14,15 extending between the bead cores.
  • each of the carcass plies 13,14,15 comprises a plurality of cables oriented at 76° to 90°, preferably 76° to 86°, with respect to a mid-circumferential plane (CP) of the tire.
  • CP mid-circumferential plane
  • the "mid-circumferential plane" of a tire is a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire and is located midway between the sidewalls of a tire when the tire is not subjected to any load.
  • the carcass plies comprise two or more turn-up carcass plies 13,14 and at least one turn-down carcass ply 15.
  • Each of the turn-up carcass plies 13 14 is folded axially and radially outwardly about each of the bead cores 11,12 and the turn-down carcass ply 15 is folded radially and axially inwardly about each of the bead cores 11,12 and the turn-up carcass plies 13,14.
  • the turn-down carcass ply 15 is folded around the bead core 12 to such a degree that the edge 50 of said turn-down ply is axially outwardly of the midpoint 51 of the radial extent of the bead core 12.
  • Tires have been manufactured in which the cables of first turn-down carcass ply 13 were oriented at 78° with respect to the mid-circumferential plane CP, the cables of the second carcass ply 14 were oriented at 79° with respect to the mid-circumferential plane CP, and the cables of the third carcass ply 15 were oriented at 80° with respect to the mid-circumferential plane CP, all of the cables of all of the carcass plies being inclined in the same sense with respect to the mid-circumferential plane.
  • the orientation of the cables in each carcass ply should be nearer to 90° than the orientation of the cables of the radially next innermost ply and the included angles between the angles of radially adjacent carcass plies should not be greater than 10°, and preferably not greater than 2°.
  • a substantially air impervious layer 52 is disposed inwardly of all of the carcass plies 13,14,15.
  • a barrier ply (not shown) is disposed between the air impervious layer 52 and the innermost carcass ply 13.
  • the barrier ply functions to separate the air impervious layer from the elastomeric material in which the cables of the carcass ply 13 are embedded.
  • Tires have been manufactured according to the invention having a barrier ply comprising cables of 840/1 nylon.
  • the cables of all of the carcass plies 13,14,15 are substantially the same, and an example of such a cable is shown in Fig. 2.
  • Each of the cables 20 in the carcass plies comprises two or more yarns 21,22,23 that are twisted together.
  • Each of the yarns 21,22,23 in the cables 20 of each of the carcass plies 13,14,15 consists of a plurality of aramid filaments 24.
  • a yarn "consisting of", or which "consists of" aramid filaments is understood not to contain filaments of any material other than aramid.
  • aramid is understood to mean a manufactured fiber in which the fiber forming substance is generally recognized as a long chain synthetic aromatic polyamide in which at least 85% of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings.
  • Representative of an aramid is a poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide).
  • the use of such aramid cables in a carcass ply of a tire is disclosed in commonly assigned United States Patent Application Number 061,364 filed on June 15, 1987.
  • each of the yarns 21,22,23 has its component aramid filaments twisted together a given number of turns per unit of length of the yarn (typically, the unit of length is 2.54 cm or 1 inch) and the yarns are twisted together a given number of turns per unit of length of the cable.
  • the yarn twist (as indicated by arrows 21A,22A,23A) and the cable twist (as indicated by arrow 20A) are opposite in direction.
  • the direction of twist refers to the direction of slope of the spirals of a yarn or cable when it is held vertically.
  • the twist is called "S" or "left hand”. If the slope of the spirals conforms to the slope of the letter "Z”, then the slope is called “Z” or "right hand”. If, for example only, as shown in Fig. 3, the filaments are twisted together to form yarns 21,22,23, each of which have nine turns per unit of length in the directions indicated by arrows 21A,22A and 23A and the yarns are then twisted together in the direction indicated by arrow 20A at eight turns per unit of length, the resultant cable will have a "twist ratio" of 9/8 or 1.125.
  • twist ratio means the ratio of the number of turns per unit of length imparted to the yarns before they are twisted together to form a cable to the number of turns per unit of length imparted to the yarns when twisting the yarns together to form a cable. If, for example only, with reference to Fig. 3, the filaments in the yarns 21,22,23 each have ten turns per unit of linear length imparted thereto in the direction indicated by arrows 21A, 22A and 23A and then the yarns are twisted together in the direction indicated by arrow 20A at five turns per unit of linear length, then the resultant cable will have a twist ratio of 2.0.
  • twist ratio of 2.0 yields what is referred to as a "0 torque” or "balanced” cable.
  • the twist ratio is in the range of 1.0 to 1.2.
  • Twist ratio is important because it affects the degree of off-balance in a cable, and therefore, the handling of the cable during the various steps of manufacturing a tire, such as fabric weaving and/or calendering, fabric cutting, and tire building.
  • twist multiplier refers to a number that is an indicator of the helix angle that the yarns in a cable make with respect to a longitudinal axis of a cable.
  • the twist multiplier of a cable is determined according to the following equation which is well known in the textile art: wherein TM is the twist multiplier; CT is the number of turns per 2.54 cm in the cable; and CD is the sum of the deniers of the yarns of the cable before any twist is imparted to the yarns.
  • denier is understood to mean the weight in grams of 9,000 meters of a yarn before the yarn has any twist imparted thereto.
  • a 1500/3 cable comprises three yarns each of which has a denier of 1500 before any twist at all is imparted thereto, such that the cable denier (CD) is 4500.
  • Twist multiplier is an important characteristic of an aramid cable because a low twist multiplier gives high original tensile strength with low bending strength, while a higher twist multiplier gives better residual strength and better bending strength.
  • Table I shows the effect on breaking strength and fatigue in a 1500/3 aramid cable of various twist multipliers (properties given are for dipped cables).
  • the Mallory Test referred to in Table I refers to a well known test in which the cables being tested are subjected to cycles of tension and compression, and the number of cycles until failure is an indication of the fatigue characteristics of the cable.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph based upon the data in Table I showing the square root of the average fatigue life in kilocycles of various cable structures as a function of the twist multiplier. (The square roots of the fatigue lifes are used in order to have a more convenient scale on the graph.) For twist multipliers in the range of 7 to 8, the graph have a very steep slope, and a very small deviation in the twist structure of a cable can have a very significant effect upon the durability of a tire containing the cable. In view of the inconsistencies that exist in currently used cable manufacturing processes, it is felt that twist multipliers in the range of 7 to 8 should be avoided regardless of whether the cable is intended for use in a belt ply or a carcass ply.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing the breaking strength BS of various cable structures in Table I as a function of the twist multiplier.
  • aramid cables with the twist multipliers used in carcass plies according to the invention will not have the maximum possible breaking strength BS, as is evident from Fig. 5, but it is believed that the useful strength of the cables will be larger throughout the tire life due to the good fatigue characteristics of the cables.
  • a belt structure 30 comprising two or more belt plies 31-35 is disposed radially outwardly of all of the carcass plies 13,14,15 in a crown region of the tire.
  • a ground engaging tread portion 37 is disposed radially outwardly of the belt structure 30, and a sidewall portion 16,17 extends radially inwardly from each axial edge of the tread portion to a respective bead portion 18,19.
  • one of the belt plies 31 is folded therein and the remainder of the belt plies 32-35 are unfolded.
  • Each of the belt plies comprises a plurality of cables oriented at 10° to 20° with respect to a mid-circumferential plane CP of the tire.
  • Tires have been manufactured according to this preferred embodiment with the cables of the folded belt ply 31 oriented at 16° with respect to the mid-circumferential plane CP and the cables of the unfolded belt plies 31-35 oriented at 14° with respect to the mid-circumferential plane CP.
  • One or more wraps 39 of a restricting band of nylon cords oriented at 0° to 25° with respect to the mid-circumferential plane CP is interposed between the belt structure 30 and the tread portion 37.
  • each of the belt plies 31-35 comprises cables 40 having (as shown in Fig. 6) at least one yarn 41,42 consisting of aramid filaments and at least one yarn 43 consisting of either nylon or polyester filaments with all of said yarns being twisted together with one another.
  • U. S. 4 155 394 describes cables of the type suitable for use in the practice of the present invention. Cables of this type are desirable in the belt plies of tires which are subjected to extraordinary levels of deflection (such as aircraft tires), because these cables can better dissipate the energy encompassed in the tire as the belt structure passes through the tire footprint, that is to say, the belt structure has to support the deformations required to carry the load placed on the tire. It would take about twice as many nylon cables of the same diameter to provide comparable strength and that would require undesirably thick belt structures. Cables comprising only aramid filaments provide adequate strength but do not have the desired energy dissipating characteristics for high deflection applications.
  • Tires have been manufactured according to the preferred embodiment of the invention with belt plies 31-35 having cables comprising two yarns each consisting of 3,000 denier aramid and one yarn consisting of 1,890/2 denier nylon.
  • the aramid yarns each had a twist of 6.7/25 mm in a Z direction and the nylon yarn had a twist of 4.5/25 mm in a Z direction. All of the yarns were twisted together with one another at 6.7/25 mm in an S direction.
  • the nylon yarn has a yarn/cable twist ratio of .67
  • the aramid yarns have a yarn/cable twist ratio of 1.0 and the twist multiplier of the cable as a whole is 8.15.
  • a tire designer must select the proper twist, number of yarns and yarn denier in accordance with the performance requirements of a given tire.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a bead portion 19 of the tire illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • At least one reinforcing strip 45,46 of nylon cables is folded about each of the bead cores 12 and the turn-up carcass plies 13,14 such that at least a portion of each of the reinforcing strips 45,46 is interposed between the radially innermost carcass ply 13 and the turn-down carcass ply 15.
  • the radially outermost edges of each of these first reinforcing strips 45,46 are disposed radially outwardly of the axial edges of all of the turn-up carcass plies.
  • a single strip of nylon cords could be substituted for the two strips 45,46 so long as it is disposed in substantially the same manner.
  • at least one reinforcing strip 45,46 of nylon cables is folded about each bead core 11,12 such that it is interposed between the radially innermost turn-up carcass ply 13 and the turn-down carcass ply 15.
  • At least one reinforcing strip 47,48,49 of nylon cords is disposed such that the portion of the turn-down carcass ply 15 which is folded about and disposed radially inwardly of the bead core 12 is interposed between nylon reinforcing strips 45,46,47.
  • the nylon cables of the reinforcing strips 45-49 should be disposed at angles of not more than 30° with respect to circumferential lines of the tire, preferably at 25° to 30°.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
EP89630032A 1988-02-17 1989-02-17 Luftreifen Expired - Lifetime EP0329592B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15669988A 1988-02-17 1988-02-17
US156699 1988-02-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0329592A2 true EP0329592A2 (de) 1989-08-23
EP0329592A3 EP0329592A3 (en) 1990-04-25
EP0329592B1 EP0329592B1 (de) 1992-04-29

Family

ID=22560670

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89630032A Expired - Lifetime EP0329592B1 (de) 1988-02-17 1989-02-17 Luftreifen

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0329592B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01122304U (de)
KR (1) KR960015015B1 (de)
AU (1) AU602626B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8900657A (de)
CA (1) CA1324566C (de)
DE (1) DE68901350D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2031001T3 (de)
MX (1) MX171131B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0479065A2 (de) * 1990-10-01 1992-04-08 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Gürtel-Struktur für radialen Luftreifen
EP0571204A1 (de) * 1992-05-20 1993-11-24 Sp Reifenwerke Gmbh Fahrzeugluftreifen
WO2002000456A2 (fr) * 2000-06-29 2002-01-03 Societe De Technologie Michelin Pneumatique d'avion a bourrelet perfectionne
EP3720785A4 (de) * 2017-12-07 2021-06-16 Kordsa Teknik Tekstil Anonim Sirketi Hochleistungsreifencord
CN113260747A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2021-08-13 可隆工业株式会社 对橡胶的粘附力强且抗疲劳性优异的混合轮胎帘线及其制造方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4832102A (en) * 1987-06-15 1989-05-23 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tires
JP2667763B2 (ja) * 1992-04-16 1997-10-27 住友ゴム工業株式会社 ラリー用空気入りラジアルタイヤ
US7484545B2 (en) * 2005-12-20 2009-02-03 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. Radial tire for aircraft with specified merged cords
KR101260390B1 (ko) 2011-07-25 2013-05-21 한국타이어 주식회사 아라미드 코드와 나일론 66과의 하이브리드 코드 및 이를 보강 코드로 사용하는 공기입 타이어
US20200114701A1 (en) * 2018-10-16 2020-04-16 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tire

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1964575A1 (de) * 1968-12-31 1970-07-09 Uniroyal Englebert France Radialreifen
US3977172A (en) * 1975-02-06 1976-08-31 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Reinforcement cord
US4657058A (en) * 1984-04-27 1987-04-14 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. Pneumatic tire
EP0296093A1 (de) * 1987-06-15 1988-12-21 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Luftreifen

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4155394A (en) * 1977-08-29 1979-05-22 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Tire cord composite and pneumatic tire
JPS5733167A (en) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-23 Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co Ltd Core wire drawing out device from carrier
EP0172294B1 (de) * 1984-08-21 1988-11-09 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Luftreifen
JPH0741765B2 (ja) * 1984-08-29 1995-05-10 住友ゴム工業株式会社 航空機用タイヤ
GB2176935B (en) * 1985-06-21 1988-11-23 Stc Plc Photoconductor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1964575A1 (de) * 1968-12-31 1970-07-09 Uniroyal Englebert France Radialreifen
US3977172A (en) * 1975-02-06 1976-08-31 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Reinforcement cord
US4657058A (en) * 1984-04-27 1987-04-14 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. Pneumatic tire
EP0296093A1 (de) * 1987-06-15 1988-12-21 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Luftreifen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KAUTSCHUK AND GUMMI KUNSTSTOFFE, vol. 40, no. 2, February 1987, pages 130-135, Heidelberg, DE; E.R. BARRON: "Hybrid tire cords containing Kevlar Aramid" *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0479065A2 (de) * 1990-10-01 1992-04-08 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Gürtel-Struktur für radialen Luftreifen
EP0479065A3 (en) * 1990-10-01 1992-09-09 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Belt structure for a radial pneumatic tire
EP0571204A1 (de) * 1992-05-20 1993-11-24 Sp Reifenwerke Gmbh Fahrzeugluftreifen
WO2002000456A2 (fr) * 2000-06-29 2002-01-03 Societe De Technologie Michelin Pneumatique d'avion a bourrelet perfectionne
WO2002000456A3 (fr) * 2000-06-29 2002-05-10 Michelin Soc Tech Pneumatique d'avion a bourrelet perfectionne
US6951234B2 (en) 2000-06-29 2005-10-04 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Aircraft tire having an improved bead
EP3720785A4 (de) * 2017-12-07 2021-06-16 Kordsa Teknik Tekstil Anonim Sirketi Hochleistungsreifencord
CN113260747A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2021-08-13 可隆工业株式会社 对橡胶的粘附力强且抗疲劳性优异的混合轮胎帘线及其制造方法
US11938765B2 (en) 2018-12-27 2024-03-26 Kolon Industries, Inc. Hybrid tire cord with strong adhesion to rubber and excellent fatigue resistance, and method for manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX171131B (es) 1993-10-04
AU3002589A (en) 1989-08-17
EP0329592B1 (de) 1992-04-29
DE68901350D1 (de) 1992-06-04
BR8900657A (pt) 1989-10-10
AU602626B2 (en) 1990-10-18
KR890012812A (ko) 1989-09-19
EP0329592A3 (en) 1990-04-25
KR960015015B1 (ko) 1996-10-24
JPH01122304U (de) 1989-08-18
ES2031001T3 (es) 1992-11-16
CA1324566C (en) 1993-11-23

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