EP0329138A1 - Electromagnetic relay - Google Patents

Electromagnetic relay Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0329138A1
EP0329138A1 EP89102683A EP89102683A EP0329138A1 EP 0329138 A1 EP0329138 A1 EP 0329138A1 EP 89102683 A EP89102683 A EP 89102683A EP 89102683 A EP89102683 A EP 89102683A EP 0329138 A1 EP0329138 A1 EP 0329138A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
leg
yoke
armature
coil
contact
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP89102683A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0329138B1 (en
Inventor
Rolf-Dieter Dipl.-Phys. Kimpel
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/60—Contact arrangements moving contact being rigidly combined with movable part of magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
    • H01H1/5822—Flexible connections between movable contact and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/001—Means for preventing or breaking contact-welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/20—Non-polarised relays with two or more independent armatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic relay having a coil, a core arranged axially in the coil, a first yoke designed as an armature, which forms a working air gap with one leg relative to the first end of the core and is coupled to a contact spring, and also to a second yoke , which is L-shaped, with its first leg facing the second end of the core and with its second leg extending substantially parallel to the coil axis next to the coil, the free end of the first yoke (armature) in the region of the free end of the second leg of the second yoke, and with a tension return spring which engages extensions of the first and second yokes and extends substantially parallel to the coil axis.
  • Such a relay structure is described, for example, in DE-PS 32 32 679, but is also known in many other configurations. These relays are simple and inexpensive to manufacture, robust against external influences and therefore used in large numbers, for example in motor vehicles.
  • Known relays of this conventional design each have a plate-shaped armature, which is usually mounted on the yoke in the region of an end edge.
  • the armature is angled, but the bearing point is also usually in the case of such angled anchors in an extension of the pole face. If high direct currents are switched with such relays, there is a strong material migration and a great tendency to weld the contacts. These undesirable effects are particularly pronounced when the melt that arises in the arc of the contact can cool down at the same point on the arc if there is no relative movement at the contact points. This is often the case with relays of the type mentioned at the beginning, since the contact springs are generally connected directly to the armature.
  • Another disadvantage of the conventional arrangement is that the force exerted on the armature by the return spring, which force may also have to generate the rest contact force, counteracts the excitation force and increases during conventional armature tightening in conventional systems. Care must therefore be taken that the magnet system, i. H. the coil is designed so that the force generated by the excitation system is greater than the counterforce exerted by the return spring and, if applicable, the contact springs, at any point in time of the response. If the difference between the force curves of these two counteracting systems is too small, there is a risk that the relay will not pull through completely or not quickly enough under unfavorable tolerance conditions, so that unsafe contact will result.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to produce a known friction on the contact surfaces by an improved structural design of the relay system mentioned above, but at the same time with fixed contact forces and without increasing the excitation power, the distance between the force-travel characteristics of the magnet system on the one hand and on the other hand, to increase the spring forces counteracting the magnet system and thus to improve the tightening safety of the relay.
  • forces we are of course always referring to the counteracting forces, i.e. the torques, taking the respective leverage effects into account.
  • this object is achieved in that the is designed as an anchor serving first yoke L-shaped, forms the working air gap with its first leg, runs approximately parallel to the coil axis with its second leg and is mounted with the free end of this second leg next to the coil at the free end of the second yoke and that Anchors have an extension on their first leg beyond the angled second leg, to which the return spring acts.
  • the armature is not only angled, but also has its bearing point at the end of the angled second leg, that is to say approximately in the central region of the coil length.
  • the armature does not pivot about its break point between the two legs, but rather about the free end of the second leg, which, according to the length of this second leg, is at a large distance from the plane of the pole face on the coil core.
  • the contact spring connected to the first armature leg thus has a large friction path at the contact point, as a result of which the material migration and the tendency to weld of the contact are counteracted.
  • a significant further advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the return spring acting on the extension of the armature and also on an extension of the second yoke has a falling characteristic of its effective spring force during the armature tightening movement. This is explained by the fact that, due to the rotary movement of the angle armature around the distal end of the second armature leg, the point of application of the return spring moves considerably with respect to the bearing point, so that the effective lever arm for the force of the return spring when the armature suit is significantly reduced. So although the spring force of the return spring remains the same during the armature movement or even increases slightly, it works with the lever arm multiplied spring force in a lower torque, which counteracts the torque applied by the magnet system.
  • the second yoke is also designed as an angular armature, which forms a working air gap with the second core end with its first leg and is mounted next to the yoke with its angled second leg.
  • the relay therefore has two movable anchors, while a separate immovable flow return element is not required.
  • the advantages for contact friction and for the improved force-displacement characteristics also exist with the two-armature relay.
  • a two-armature relay has the known advantage that increased security against welding is given when the two contacts are connected in series.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the basic structure of a relay designed according to the invention.
  • This relay has a coil with a coil body 1 and a winding 2.
  • a core 3 is arranged in the axial direction within the coil, the first end 3a of which forms a working air gap with a movable yoke or armature 4, while the second end 3b with a fixed yoke 5 connected is.
  • This yoke 5 has a first leg 5a, which runs perpendicular to the coil axis, and a second leg 5b, which is bent in a direction parallel to the coil axis and extends in length approximately to the middle of the coil length.
  • the armature 4 is also angled or L-shaped, a first armature leg 4a forming the working air gap mentioned, while a second armature leg 4b runs approximately parallel to the coil axis and is supported with the free end 4c on the free end 5c of the yoke leg Sb.
  • the bearing point or pivot point is designated 6.
  • the anchor 4 has an extension 4d which extends beyond the bend;
  • the yoke 5 also has an extension 5d which extends the first yoke leg 5a beyond the angle of the second yoke leg 5b.
  • a return spring 7 is suspended, which is subjected to tension and is designed, for example, as a coil spring.
  • a contact spring 8 is attached to the armature, which forms a normally closed contact and a working contact with two counter-contact elements 9 and 10, which are only indicated.
  • the force relationships are shown in FIG. 2 as an example.
  • the path s is plotted on the abscissa, which the armature travels between a rest position R (corresponds to FIG. 1) and a working or closing position A (with the armature fully tightened).
  • the forces F are plotted on the ordinate, all forces being related to the same lever arm in order to make them comparable.
  • the curve m denotes the course of the force generated by the magnet system through the excitation coil 2. It increases as the armature approaches the core until it reaches the value F m in the closed state.
  • Curve f1 shows the course of the spring forces, i.e. the contact springs and the return spring, in a conventional relay of a comparable design.
  • the normally closed contact force F k1 must first be overcome until the contact opens. Thenceforth only the return spring 7 counteracts the pulling forces of the magnet system.
  • the force of the return spring increases with increasing armature until the contact closes at point S. At this point the spring force reaches a size F k2 . From then on, a contact force is built up in the contact spring 8 resting on the counter-contact element 10, which counteracts the magnet system in addition to the force of the return spring, which also increases.
  • Curve f2 now shows a force-displacement curve which can be achieved with a relay according to the invention and which is considerably further away from curve m , that is to say it produces larger energy reserves of the magnet system when the magnet system remains unchanged and thereby leads to a more reliable response.
  • Curve f2 does not initially increase after opening break contact 8-9, since the effective force of the return spring drops due to the decreasing lever arm b, namely from point R to point S from force F k1 to F k4 . Only from the closing point S on does the spring force curve f2 rise again, since the desired contact force must now be built up at the normally open contact 10. However, due to the much lower starting point, it has a sufficiently large distance from the magnet system curve m , so that the desired responsiveness is guaranteed.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of a relay in a schematic representation.
  • Coil and armature 4 are constructed and labeled in the same way as in FIG 1.
  • Le diglich instead of the fixed yoke 5 a movable yoke or a second armature 15 is now provided, which forms a further working air gap with the second core end 3b.
  • the second anchor 15 is constructed correspondingly to the first anchor 4, that is to say with a first anchor leg 15a and an angled second anchor leg 15b and with an extension 15d.
  • the return spring 7 is accordingly suspended in this case between the two extensions 4d and 15d.
  • a second contact spring 18 is also attached to the armature 15, which cooperates with counter-contact elements 19 and 20.
  • FIG. 3 also has the advantage that the advantages of two anchors can be used with only one excitation system, but at the same time a fixed yoke is saved.
  • the magnet system contains a coil body 21 with a winding 22, the coil body resting on a base 23 as a supporting part.
  • the system has two anchors 24 and 25, which are each angularly shaped according to FIG 3.
  • the first armature legs 24a and 25a interact with the core (not shown) and each carry a contact spring, for example 28.
  • the second armature legs 24b and 25b extend next to the coil and form interlocking bearing elements at their free ends, for example a bearing cutting edge 24c and a bearing groove 25c.
  • both anchors with a bearing cutter or with bearing grooves and to correspond between them
  • Intermediate element for example in the form of a rod with a cylindrical cross section or with an X-shaped cross section, depending on the design of the anchor ends.
  • a return spring 27 is suspended between extensions 24d and 25d of the two anchors. The function of the two anchors has already been described with reference to FIG 3.
  • the relay has a base 30 and a cap 31 as a housing, with connection elements, for example in the form of flat plugs 32, being fastened in the base 30.
  • connection elements for example in the form of flat plugs 32, being fastened in the base 30.
  • These connecting elements are connected in a suitable, known manner to the corresponding parts in the relay, for example via strands 33 to the contact springs and via correspondingly bent, invisible connecting pieces to the coil connections 34.
  • Support elements 35 (only can be seen on the base) for the two anchors. As a result, the anchors, which are otherwise only preloaded against one another, are secured against lateral migration.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

The relay has a coil with a core and one or two angle-shaped armatures (4, 15). The two armatures each have a second limb (4b; 15b), running approximately parallel to the coil axis, and an extension on which a restoring spring (7) engages. Each armature operates a contact spring connected to it. …<??>As a result of the displacement of the bearing point onto the end of the second armature limb, increased friction is produced at the contact points and hence a reduction in the tendency to welding. As a result of this type of bearing, there is also a reduction in the effective spring force of the restoring spring while the armature is being attracted, thus increasing the reliability of armature attraction, with a constant excitation. …<IMAGE>…

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektromagnetisches Relais mit einer Spule, einem in der Spule axial angeordneten Kern, einem als Anker ausgebildeten ersten Joch, das mit einem Schenkel einen Arbeitsluftspalt gegenüber dem ersten Ende des Kerns bildet und mit einer Kontaktfeder gekoppelt ist, ferner mit einem zweiten Joch, das L-förmig gestaltet ist, mit seinem ersten Schenkel dem zweiten Ende des Kerns zuge­wandt ist und sich mit seinem zweiten Schenkel im wesentli­chen parallel zur Spulenachse neben der Spule erstreckt, wobei das freie Ende des ersten Joches (Ankers) im Bereich des freien Endes des zweiten Schenkels des zweiten Joches gelagert ist, und mit einer Zug-Rückstellfeder, die an Ver­längerungen des ersten und des zweiten Joches angreift und sich im wesentlichen parallel zur Spulenachse erstreckt.The invention relates to an electromagnetic relay having a coil, a core arranged axially in the coil, a first yoke designed as an armature, which forms a working air gap with one leg relative to the first end of the core and is coupled to a contact spring, and also to a second yoke , which is L-shaped, with its first leg facing the second end of the core and with its second leg extending substantially parallel to the coil axis next to the coil, the free end of the first yoke (armature) in the region of the free end of the second leg of the second yoke, and with a tension return spring which engages extensions of the first and second yokes and extends substantially parallel to the coil axis.

Ein derartiger Relaisaufbau ist beispielsweise in der DE-PS 32 32 679 beschrieben, jedoch auch in vielen anderen Ausge­staltungen bekannt. Diese Relais sind einfach und preisgün­stig herzustellen, robust gegenüber äußeren Einflüssen und deshalb in großen Stückzahlen im Einsatz, beispielsweise in Kraftfahrzeugen.Such a relay structure is described, for example, in DE-PS 32 32 679, but is also known in many other configurations. These relays are simple and inexpensive to manufacture, robust against external influences and therefore used in large numbers, for example in motor vehicles.

Bekannte Relais dieser herkömmlichen Konstruktion besitzen jeweils einen plattenförmigen Anker, der meist im Bereich einer Endkante am Joch gelagert ist. Es sind zwar auch Aus­führungen bekannt, bei denen der Anker abgewinkelt ist, doch befindet sich die Lagerstelle auch bei solchen abge­winkelten Ankern normalerweise etwa in Verlängerung der Polfläche. Werden mit derartigen Relais hohe Gleichströme geschaltet, so ergibt sich eine starke Materialwanderung und eine große Neigung zum Verschweißen der Kontakte. Diese unerwünschten Effekte sind besonders stark ausgeprägt, wenn die Schmelze, die im Lichtbogen des Kontaktes entsteht, an der gleichen Stelle des Lichtbogens erkalten kann, wenn al­so keine Relativbewegung an den Kontaktstellen erfolgt. Dies ist häufig bei Relais der eingangs genannten Art der Fall, da die Kontaktfedern in der Regel unmittelbar mit dem Anker verbunden sind.Known relays of this conventional design each have a plate-shaped armature, which is usually mounted on the yoke in the region of an end edge. There are also known designs in which the armature is angled, but the bearing point is also usually in the case of such angled anchors in an extension of the pole face. If high direct currents are switched with such relays, there is a strong material migration and a great tendency to weld the contacts. These undesirable effects are particularly pronounced when the melt that arises in the arc of the contact can cool down at the same point on the arc if there is no relative movement at the contact points. This is often the case with relays of the type mentioned at the beginning, since the contact springs are generally connected directly to the armature.

Ein anderer Nachteil der herkömmlichen Anordnung besteht darin, daß die durch die Rückstellfeder auf den Anker aus­geübte Kraft, die gegebenenfalls auch die Ruhekontaktkraft erzeugen muß, der Erregerkraft entgegenwirkt und bei her­kömmlichen Systemen während des Ankeranzugs noch ansteigt. Es muß daher darauf geachtet werden, daß das Magnetsystem, d. h. die Spule, so ausgelegt wird, daß die durch das Erre­gersystem erzeugte Kraft in jedem Zeitpunkt des Ansprechens größer ist als die durch die Rückstellfeder und gegebenen­falls die Kontaktfedern aufgebrachten Gegenkräfte. Ist der Unterschied zwischen den Kräftekurven dieser beiden entge­genwirkenden Systeme zu gering, so besteht die Gefahr, daß bei ungünstigen Toleranzverhältnissen das Relais nicht ganz oder nicht schnell genug durchzieht, so daß eine unsichere Kontaktgabe die Folge ist.Another disadvantage of the conventional arrangement is that the force exerted on the armature by the return spring, which force may also have to generate the rest contact force, counteracts the excitation force and increases during conventional armature tightening in conventional systems. Care must therefore be taken that the magnet system, i. H. the coil is designed so that the force generated by the excitation system is greater than the counterforce exerted by the return spring and, if applicable, the contact springs, at any point in time of the response. If the difference between the force curves of these two counteracting systems is too small, there is a risk that the relay will not pull through completely or not quickly enough under unfavorable tolerance conditions, so that unsafe contact will result.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, durch eine verbesser­te konstruktive Gestaltung des eingangs genannten Relaissy­stems eine an sich bekannte Reibung an den Kontaktflächen zu erzeugen, zugleich aber bei festgelegten Kontaktkräften und ohne Erhöhung der Erregerleistung den Abstand zwischen der Kraft-Weg-Charakteristik des Magnetsystems einerseits und der dem Magnetsystem entgegenwirkenden Federkräfte an­dererseits zu erhöhen und damit die Anzugssicherheit des Relais zu verbessern. Wenn in diesem Zusammenhang von Kräf­ten die Rede ist, so sind natürlich immer die einander un­ter Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen Hebelwirkungen entge­genwirkenden Kräfte, also die Drehmomente, gemeint.The object of the invention is therefore to produce a known friction on the contact surfaces by an improved structural design of the relay system mentioned above, but at the same time with fixed contact forces and without increasing the excitation power, the distance between the force-travel characteristics of the magnet system on the one hand and on the other hand, to increase the spring forces counteracting the magnet system and thus to improve the tightening safety of the relay. When we speak of forces in this context, we are of course always referring to the counteracting forces, i.e. the torques, taking the respective leverage effects into account.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß das als Anker dienende erste Joch L-förmig gestaltet ist, mit seinem ersten Schenkel den Arbeitsluftspalt bildet, mit seinem zweiten Schenkel annähernd parallel zur Spulenachse verläuft und mit dem freien Ende dieses zweiten Schenkels neben der Spule am freien Ende des zweiten Joches gelagert ist und daß der Anker eine Verlängerung an ihrem ersten Schenkel über den abgewinkelten zweiten Schenkel hinaus aufweisen, an der jeweils die Rückstellfeder angreift.According to the invention this object is achieved in that the is designed as an anchor serving first yoke L-shaped, forms the working air gap with its first leg, runs approximately parallel to the coil axis with its second leg and is mounted with the free end of this second leg next to the coil at the free end of the second yoke and that Anchors have an extension on their first leg beyond the angled second leg, to which the return spring acts.

Die erwünschte Verbesserung der Kraftwegcharakteristik bei den Federkräften ergibt sich bei der Erfindung dadurch, daß der Anker nicht nur abgewinkelt ist, sondern auch seine Lagerstelle am Ende des abgewinkelten zweiten Schenkels, also etwa im Mittelbereich der Spulenlänge aufweist. Da­durch schwenkt der Anker bei der Schaltbewegung nicht um seinen Knickpunkt zwischen beiden Schenkeln, sondern um das freie Ende des zweiten Schenkels, welches entsprechend der Länge dieses zweiten Schenkels einen großen Abstand von der Ebene der Polfläche am Spulenkern aufweist. Die mit dem er­sten Ankerschenkel verbundene Kontaktfeder erhält dadurch an der Kontaktstelle einen großen Reibweg, wodurch der Ma­terialwanderung und der Verschweißneigung des Kontaktes entgegengewirkt wird.The desired improvement in the force path characteristic in the case of the spring forces results in the invention in that the armature is not only angled, but also has its bearing point at the end of the angled second leg, that is to say approximately in the central region of the coil length. As a result, during the switching movement, the armature does not pivot about its break point between the two legs, but rather about the free end of the second leg, which, according to the length of this second leg, is at a large distance from the plane of the pole face on the coil core. The contact spring connected to the first armature leg thus has a large friction path at the contact point, as a result of which the material migration and the tendency to weld of the contact are counteracted.

Ein wesentlicher weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung liegt aber darin, daß die an der Verlängerung des Ankers wie auch an einer Verlängerung des zweiten Joches angreifende Rück­stellfeder während der Ankeranzugsbewegung eine fallende Charakteristik ihrer wirksamen Federkraft aufweist. Dies erklärt sich dadurch, daß wegen der Drehbewegung des Win­kelankers um das entfernte Ende des zweiten Ankerschenkels auch der Angriffspunkt der Rückstellfeder gegenüber der La­gerstelle wesentlich wandert, so daß der wirksame Hebelarm für die Kraft der Rückstellfeder beim Ankeranzug sich we­sentlich verkleinert. Obwohl also die Federkraft der Rück­stellfeder während der Ankerbewegung gleichbleibt oder so­gar geringfügig ansteigt, wirkt sich die mit dem Hebelarm multiplizierte Federkraft in einem geringeren Drehmoment aus, das den vom Magnetsystem aufgebrachten Drehmoment ent­gegenwirkt.A significant further advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the return spring acting on the extension of the armature and also on an extension of the second yoke has a falling characteristic of its effective spring force during the armature tightening movement. This is explained by the fact that, due to the rotary movement of the angle armature around the distal end of the second armature leg, the point of application of the return spring moves considerably with respect to the bearing point, so that the effective lever arm for the force of the return spring when the armature suit is significantly reduced. So although the spring force of the return spring remains the same during the armature movement or even increases slightly, it works with the lever arm multiplied spring force in a lower torque, which counteracts the torque applied by the magnet system.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Relais ist auch das zweite Joch als winkelförmiger Anker ausgebil­det, der mit seinem ersten Schenkel einen Arbeitsluftspalt mit dem zweiten Kernende bildet und mit seinem abgewinkel­ten zweiten Schenkel neben dem Joch gelagert ist. Bei die­ser Ausgestaltung besitzt das Relais also zwei bewegliche Anker, während ein eigenes unbewegliches Flußrückführungs­element nicht erforderlich ist. Die Vorteile für die Kon­taktreibung und für die verbesserte Kraft-Weg-Charakteri­stik sind auch beim Zwei-Ankerrelais gegeben. Darüber hin­aus hat ein Zwei-Anker-Relais den an sich bekannten Vor­teil, daß bei Serienschaltung der beiden Kontakte eine er­höhte Sicherheit gegen Verschweißung gegeben ist.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the relay, the second yoke is also designed as an angular armature, which forms a working air gap with the second core end with its first leg and is mounted next to the yoke with its angled second leg. In this embodiment, the relay therefore has two movable anchors, while a separate immovable flow return element is not required. The advantages for contact friction and for the improved force-displacement characteristics also exist with the two-armature relay. In addition, a two-armature relay has the known advantage that increased security against welding is given when the two contacts are connected in series.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angege­ben.Further configurations are specified in the subclaims.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung an Ausführungsbeispielen an­hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • FIG 1 schematisch ein Relaissystem mit einem feststehenden Joch und einem beweglichen Winkelanker,
  • FIG 2 ein Diagramm mit den Kraft-Weg-Kurven des Magnetsy­stems und des Kontaktsatzes bei einem herkömmlichen und bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Relais,
  • FIG 3 eine FIG 1 entsprechende schematische Darstellung ei­nes Relais mit zwei Ankern,
  • FIG 4 eine detailliertere konstruktive Ausgestaltung eines Relais gemäß FIG 3.
The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. It shows
  • 1 schematically shows a relay system with a fixed yoke and a movable angle anchor,
  • 2 shows a diagram with the force-displacement curves of the magnet system and the contact set in a conventional relay and in the relay according to the invention,
  • 3 shows a schematic representation corresponding to FIG. 1 of a relay with two armatures,
  • 4 shows a more detailed design of a relay according to FIG. 3.

FIG 1 zeigt schematisch den Grundaufbau eines erfindungsge­mäß gestalteten Relais. Dieses Relais besitzt eine Spule mit einem Spulenkörper 1 und einer Wicklung 2. Innerhalb der Spule ist in Axialrichtung ein Kern 3 angeordnet, des­sen erstes Ende 3a einen Arbeitsluftspalt mit einem beweg­lichen Joch oder Anker 4 bildet, während das zweite Ende 3b mit einem feststehenden Joch 5 verbunden ist. Dieses Joch 5 besitzt einen ersten Schenkel 5a, der senkrecht zur Spulen­achse verläuft, und einen zweiten Schenkel 5b, der in eine Richtung parallel zur Spulenachse gebogen ist und in der Länge etwa bis zur Mitte der Spulenlänge sich erstreckt. Der Anker 4 ist ebenfalls winkelförmig oder L-förmig ge­staltet, wobei ein erster Ankerschenkel 4a den erwähnten Arbeitsluftspalt bildet, während ein zweiter Ankerschenkel 4b annähernd parallel zur Spulenachse verläuft und mit dem freien Ende 4c auf dem freien Ende 5c des Jochschenkels Sb gelagert ist. Der Lagerpunkt oder Drehpunkt ist mit 6 be­zeichnet.1 schematically shows the basic structure of a relay designed according to the invention. This relay has a coil with a coil body 1 and a winding 2. A core 3 is arranged in the axial direction within the coil, the first end 3a of which forms a working air gap with a movable yoke or armature 4, while the second end 3b with a fixed yoke 5 connected is. This yoke 5 has a first leg 5a, which runs perpendicular to the coil axis, and a second leg 5b, which is bent in a direction parallel to the coil axis and extends in length approximately to the middle of the coil length. The armature 4 is also angled or L-shaped, a first armature leg 4a forming the working air gap mentioned, while a second armature leg 4b runs approximately parallel to the coil axis and is supported with the free end 4c on the free end 5c of the yoke leg Sb. The bearing point or pivot point is designated 6.

Der Anker 4 besitzt in Verlängerung des ersten Ankerschen­kels 4a eine über die Abwinkelung hinausreichende Verlänge­rung 4d; entsprechend besitzt auch das Joch 5 eine in Ver­längerung des ersten Jochschenkels 5a über die Abwinkelung des zweiten Jochschenkels 5b hinausreichende Verlängerung 5d. An diesen beiden Verlängerungen 4d und 5d ist eine Rückstellfeder 7 eingehängt, die auf Zug beansprucht wird und beispielsweise als Schraubenfeder ausgebildet ist.In the extension of the first arm leg 4a, the anchor 4 has an extension 4d which extends beyond the bend; Correspondingly, the yoke 5 also has an extension 5d which extends the first yoke leg 5a beyond the angle of the second yoke leg 5b. On these two extensions 4d and 5d, a return spring 7 is suspended, which is subjected to tension and is designed, for example, as a coil spring.

Am Anker ist außerdem eine Kontaktfeder 8 befestigt, welche mit zwei nur andeutungsweise gezeigten Gegenkontaktelemen­ten 9 bzw. 10 einen Ruhekontakt und einen Arbeitskontakt bildet.In addition, a contact spring 8 is attached to the armature, which forms a normally closed contact and a working contact with two counter-contact elements 9 and 10, which are only indicated.

In der in FIG 1 gezeigten Schaltstellung befindet sich das System im nicht erregten Zustand, wobei die Kontaktfeder 8 im Ruhezustand am Gegenkontaktelement 9 anliegt und durch die Rückstellfeder 7 einen entsprechenden Kontaktdruck er­ hält. Bei Erregung der Spule 2 wird der Anker 4 angezogen. Dabei dreht er sich um den Punkt 6 und bringt die Kontakt­feder 8 mit dem Gegenkontaktelement l0 in Berührung. Die Kontaktfeder 8 erhält dabei aufgrund des Abstandes a des Ankerschenkels 4 vom Drehpunkt 6 eine bemerkenswerte Bewe­gungskomponente in ihrer Längsrichtung, wodurch auf den Kontaktflächen jeweils eine beachtliche Reibung erzeugt wird. Dadurch können sowohl die Materialwanderung als auch der mechanische Kontaktverschleiß gering gehalten werden.In the switching position shown in FIG. 1, the system is in the non-energized state, the contact spring 8 resting on the mating contact element 9 in the idle state and a corresponding contact pressure by the return spring 7 holds. When the coil 2 is excited, the armature 4 is attracted. It rotates around point 6 and brings the contact spring 8 into contact with the counter-contact element 10. The contact spring 8 receives due to the distance a of the armature leg 4 from the pivot point 6 a remarkable movement component in its longitudinal direction, whereby a considerable amount of friction is generated on the contact surfaces. As a result, both material migration and mechanical contact wear can be kept low.

Außerdem ergibt sich bei der Schaltbewegung, daß der Ab­stand b zwischen dem Drehpunkt 6 und dem Angriffspunkt 11 der Rückstellfeder am Anker 4 mit zunehmender Annäherung des Ankerschenkels 4a an das Jochende 3a geringer wird, so daß sich die Federkraft der Rückstellfeder 7 zunehmend ge­ringer auswirkt, d. h. daß das Produkt aus Federkraft der Rückstellfeder 7 und Hebelarm b kleiner wird, während die vom Magnetsystem auf den Anker ausgeübte Kraft bei im we­sentlichen gleichbleibendem Hebelarm c zunimmt.In addition, it results in the switching movement that the distance b between the fulcrum 6 and the point of application 11 of the return spring on the armature 4 becomes smaller as the arm leg 4a approaches the yoke end 3a, so that the spring force of the return spring 7 has an increasingly smaller effect, ie that the product of the spring force of the return spring 7 and lever arm b becomes smaller, while the force exerted by the magnet system on the armature increases with the lever arm c remaining essentially the same.

Die Kräfteverhältnisse sind beispielshalber in FIG 2 darge­stellt. Dort ist auf der Abszisse der Weg s aufgezeichnet, den der Anker zwischen einer Ruhestellung R (entspricht FIG 1) und einer Arbeits- oder Schließstellung A (bei vollkom­men angezogenem Anker) zurücklegt. Auf der Ordinate sind die Kräfte F aufgetragen, wobei alle Kräfte jeweils auf den gleichen Hebelarm bezogen sind, um sie vergleichbar zu ma­chen. Die Kurve m bezeichnet den Verlauf der vom Magnetsy­stem durch die Erregerspule 2 erzeugten Kraft. Sie steigt mit zunehmender Annäherung des Ankers an den Kern an, bis sie den Wert Fm im Schließzustand erreicht hat.The force relationships are shown in FIG. 2 as an example. There, the path s is plotted on the abscissa, which the armature travels between a rest position R (corresponds to FIG. 1) and a working or closing position A (with the armature fully tightened). The forces F are plotted on the ordinate, all forces being related to the same lever arm in order to make them comparable. The curve m denotes the course of the force generated by the magnet system through the excitation coil 2. It increases as the armature approaches the core until it reaches the value F m in the closed state.

Die Kurve f1 zeigt den Verlauf der Federkräfte, also der Kontaktfedern und der Rückstellfeder, bei einem herkömmli­chen Relais vergleichbarer Bauart. Beim Ansprechen des Re­lais, also am Punkt R, muß zunächst die Ruhekontaktkraft Fk1 überwunden werden, bis der Kontakt öffnet. Von da an wirkt nur noch die Rückstellfeder 7 den Anzugskräften des Magnetsystems entgegen. Bei einem herkömmlichen System ent­sprechend der Kurve f1 steigt jedoch auch die Kraft der Rückstellfeder mit zunehmendem Ankeranzug an, bis im Punkt S der Kontakt schließt. In diesem Punkt erreicht die Feder­kraft eine Größe Fk2. Von da an wird in der am Gegenkon­taktelement 10 anliegenden Kontaktfeder 8 eine Kontaktkraft aufgebaut, die zusätzlich zu der ebenfalls noch ansteigen­den Kraft der Rückstellfeder dem Magnetsystem entgegen­wirkt. Im Endzustand des angezogenen Ankers erreicht die Federkraft den Wert Fk3. Aus FIG 2 ist zu ersehen, daß die Federkraftkurve f1 an manchen Stellen ziemlich nahe an die Kurve der Kraft des Magnetsystems herankommt. Sie darf je­doch diese Kurve nicht schneiden, da ansonsten die Feder­kraft größe wäre als die Kraft des Magnetsystems, der Anker also nicht mehr weiter angezogen werden könnte.Curve f1 shows the course of the spring forces, i.e. the contact springs and the return spring, in a conventional relay of a comparable design. When the relay responds, i.e. at point R, the normally closed contact force F k1 must first be overcome until the contact opens. Thenceforth only the return spring 7 counteracts the pulling forces of the magnet system. In a conventional system according to curve f1, however, the force of the return spring increases with increasing armature until the contact closes at point S. At this point the spring force reaches a size F k2 . From then on, a contact force is built up in the contact spring 8 resting on the counter-contact element 10, which counteracts the magnet system in addition to the force of the return spring, which also increases. In the final state of the tightened armature, the spring force reaches the value F k3 . It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the spring force curve f1 at some points comes quite close to the curve of the force of the magnet system. However, you must not intersect this curve, otherwise the spring force would be greater than the force of the magnet system, so the armature could no longer be tightened.

Die Kurve f2 zeigt nunmehr eine bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Relais erreichbare Kraft-Weg-Kurve, welche wesentlich wei­ter von der Kurve m entfernt ist, also bei unverändertem Magnetsystem größere Energiereserven des Magnetsystems er­bringt und dadurch zu einem sichereren Ansprechen führt. Die Kurve f2 steigt nämlich nach dem Öffnen des Ruhekon­taktes 8-9 zunächst nicht weiter an, da die wirksame Kraft der Rückstellfeder aufgrund des sich verringernden Hebel­arms b abfällt, und zwar vom Punkt R bis zum Punkt S von der Kraft Fk1 auf Fk4. Erst vom Schließpunkt S an steigt die Federkraftkurve f2 wieder an, da nunmehr die gewünschte Kontaktkraft am Arbeitskontakt 10 aufgebaut werden muß. Sie besitzt jedoch aufgrund des wesentlich niedrigeren Aus­gangspunktes einen hinreichend großen Abstand zur Magnetsy­stemkurve m, so daß also die gewünsche Ansprechsicherheit gewährleistet wird.Curve f2 now shows a force-displacement curve which can be achieved with a relay according to the invention and which is considerably further away from curve m , that is to say it produces larger energy reserves of the magnet system when the magnet system remains unchanged and thereby leads to a more reliable response. Curve f2 does not initially increase after opening break contact 8-9, since the effective force of the return spring drops due to the decreasing lever arm b, namely from point R to point S from force F k1 to F k4 . Only from the closing point S on does the spring force curve f2 rise again, since the desired contact force must now be built up at the normally open contact 10. However, due to the much lower starting point, it has a sufficiently large distance from the magnet system curve m , so that the desired responsiveness is guaranteed.

FIG 3 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Relais in schematischer Darstellung. Spule und Anker 4 sind in gleicher Weise aufgebaut und bezeichnet wie in FIG 1. Le­ diglich anstelle des feststehenden Joches 5 ist nunmehr ein bewegliches Joch bzw. ein zweiter Anker 15 vorgesehen, der einen weiteren Arbeitsluftspalt mit dem zweiten Kernende 3b bildet. Der zweite Anker 15 ist entsprechend aufgebaut wie der erste Anker 4, also mit einem ersten Ankerschenkel 15a und einem abgewinkelten zweiten Ankerschenkel 15b sowie mit einer Verlängerung 15d. Die Rückstellfeder 7 ist entspre­chend in diesem Fall zwischen den beiden Verlängerungen 4d und 15d eingehängt. Am Anker 15 ist außerdem eine zweite Kontaktfeder 18 befestigt, welche mit Gegenkontaktelementen 19 und 20 zusammenwirkt. Die anhand von FIG 1 beschriebenen Vorteile werden auch bei dem Relais nach FIG 3 erreicht, nämlich die Kontaktreibung während des Schaltvorgangs und der günstige Verlauf der Kraft-Weg-Kurven. Mit den zwei Ankern und den damit verbundenen zwei Arbeitsluftspalten ergibt sich ein noch steilerer Anstieg der Magnetkraftkur­ve, während sich der Abfall der wirksamen Kraft der Rück­stellfeder 7 bei beiden Ankern verstärkt auswirkt. Die Aus­führungsform von FIG 3 hat dabei auch den Vorteil, daß die Vorteile von zwei Ankern bei nur einem Erregersystem ge­nutzt werden können, gleichzeitig aber ein feststehendes Joch eingespart wird.3 shows another embodiment of a relay in a schematic representation. Coil and armature 4 are constructed and labeled in the same way as in FIG 1. Le diglich instead of the fixed yoke 5, a movable yoke or a second armature 15 is now provided, which forms a further working air gap with the second core end 3b. The second anchor 15 is constructed correspondingly to the first anchor 4, that is to say with a first anchor leg 15a and an angled second anchor leg 15b and with an extension 15d. The return spring 7 is accordingly suspended in this case between the two extensions 4d and 15d. A second contact spring 18 is also attached to the armature 15, which cooperates with counter-contact elements 19 and 20. The advantages described with reference to FIG. 1 are also achieved with the relay according to FIG. 3, namely the contact friction during the switching process and the favorable course of the force-displacement curves. The two armatures and the associated two working air gaps result in an even steeper increase in the magnetic force curve, while the drop in the effective force of the return spring 7 has an increased effect on both armatures. The embodiment of FIG. 3 also has the advantage that the advantages of two anchors can be used with only one excitation system, but at the same time a fixed yoke is saved.

Eine konstruktive Ausgestaltung des Relais von FIG 3 ist in FIG 4 noch gezeigt. Das Magnetsystem enthält dabei einen Spulenkörper 21 mit einer Wicklung 22, wobei der Spulenkör­per als tragendes Teil auf einem Sockel 23 ruht. Das System besitzt zwei Anker 24 und 25, die jeweils winkelförmig ent­sprechend FIG 3 gestaltet sind. Die ersten Ankerschenkel 24a bzw. 25a wirken mit dem nicht dargestellten Kern zusam­men und tragen jeweils eine Kontaktfeder, beispielsweise 28. Die zweiten Ankerschenkel 24b und 25b erstrecken sich neben der Spule und bilden an ihren freien Enden ineinan­dergreifende Lagerelemente, beispielsweise eine Lager­schneide 24c und eine Lagernut 25c. Es ware jedoch auch denkbar, etwa beide Anker mit einer Lagerschneide oder mit Lagernuten auszustatten und zwischen diesen ein entspre­ chendes Zwischenelement, etwa in Form eines Stabes mit zy­lindrischem Querschnitt oder mit X-förmigem Querschnitt, je nach der Gestaltung der Ankerenden, einzufügen. Eine Rück­stellfeder 27 ist zwischen Verlängerungen 24d und 25d der beiden Anker eingehängt. Die Funktion der beiden Anker ist bereits anhand von FIG 3 beschrieben worden.A structural design of the relay from FIG. 3 is also shown in FIG. The magnet system contains a coil body 21 with a winding 22, the coil body resting on a base 23 as a supporting part. The system has two anchors 24 and 25, which are each angularly shaped according to FIG 3. The first armature legs 24a and 25a interact with the core (not shown) and each carry a contact spring, for example 28. The second armature legs 24b and 25b extend next to the coil and form interlocking bearing elements at their free ends, for example a bearing cutting edge 24c and a bearing groove 25c. However, it would also be conceivable, for example, to equip both anchors with a bearing cutter or with bearing grooves and to correspond between them Intermediate element, for example in the form of a rod with a cylindrical cross section or with an X-shaped cross section, depending on the design of the anchor ends. A return spring 27 is suspended between extensions 24d and 25d of the two anchors. The function of the two anchors has already been described with reference to FIG 3.

Wie in FIG 4 weiterhin noch zu sehen ist, besitzt das Re­lais einen Sockel 30 und eine Kappe 31 als Gehäuse, wobei im Sockel 30 Anschlußelemente, beispielsweise in Form von Flachsteckern 32, befestigt sind. Diese Anschlußelemente sind in geeigneter, bekannter Weise mit den entsprechenden Teilen im Relais verbunden, beispielsweise über Litzen 33 mit den Kontaktfedern und über entsprechend abgebogene, nicht sichtbare Verbindungsstücke mit den Spulenanschlüs­sen 34. Am Sockel 30 und an der Kappe 31 sind außerdem Ab­stützelemente 35 (nur am Sockel zu sehen) für die beiden Anker angeformt. Dadurch werden die ansonsten nur gegenein­ander vorgespannten Anker gegen ein seitliches Wegwandern gesichert.As can also be seen in FIG. 4, the relay has a base 30 and a cap 31 as a housing, with connection elements, for example in the form of flat plugs 32, being fastened in the base 30. These connecting elements are connected in a suitable, known manner to the corresponding parts in the relay, for example via strands 33 to the contact springs and via correspondingly bent, invisible connecting pieces to the coil connections 34. Support elements 35 (only can be seen on the base) for the two anchors. As a result, the anchors, which are otherwise only preloaded against one another, are secured against lateral migration.

Schließlich sei noch darauf hingewiesen, daß anstelle der in den Ansprüchen genannten Verlängerung des jeweiligen Joch- bzw. Ankerschenkels für den Angriff der Rückstellfe­der eine entsprechend gestaltete Kontaktfeder gemäß DE-GM 83 25 986 bzw. EP-OS O 136 592 verwendet werden kann. In diesem Fall wird der veränderliche Hebelarm durch die Kon­taktfeder, nicht durch den Anker unmittelbar gebildet.Finally, it should be pointed out that instead of the extension of the respective yoke or anchor leg mentioned in the claims for the attack of the return spring, a correspondingly designed contact spring according to DE-GM 83 25 986 or EP-OS O 136 592 can be used. In this case, the variable lever arm is formed directly by the contact spring, not by the armature.

Claims (8)

1. Elektromagnetisches Relais mit einer Spule, einem in der Spule (1, 2) axial angeordneten Kern (3), einem als Anker (4; 24) ausgebildeten ersten Joch, das mit einem Schenkel (4a; 24a) einen Arbeitsluftspalt gegenüber dem ersten Ende (3a) des Kerns (3) bildet und mit einer Kontaktfeder (8; 28) gekoppelt ist, ferner mit einem zweiten Joch (5; 15; 25), das L-förmig ge­staltet ist, mit seinem ersten Schenkel (5a; 15a; 25a) dem zweiten Ende (3b) des Kerns (3) zugewandt ist und sich mit seinem zweiten Schenkel (5b; 15b; 25b) im wesentlichen par­allel zur Spulenachse neben der Spule erstreckt, wobei das freie Ende (4c) des ersten Joches bzw. Ankers (4; 24) im Bereich des freien Endes des zweiten Schenkels (5b; 15b; 25b) des zweiten Joches (5; 15; 25) gelagert ist, und mit einer Zug-Rückstellfeder (7; 27), die an Verlängerungen (4d, 5d; 15d; 24d, 25d) des ersten und des zweiten Joches (4, 5; 15; 24, 25) angreift und sich im wesentlichen paral­lel zur Spulenachse erstreckt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das als Anker dienende erste Joch (4; 24) L-förmig ge­staltet ist, mit seinem ersten Schenkel (4a; 24a) den Ar­beitsluftspalt bildet, mit seinem zweiten Schenkel (4b; 24b) annähernd parallel zur Spulenachse verläuft und mit dem freien Ende (4c; 24c) dieses zweiten Schenkels neben der Spule am freien Ende (5c; 25c) des zweiten Joches (5; 15; 25) gelagert ist, und daß der Anker (4; 15; 24, 25) je­weils eine Verlängerung (4d; 15d; 24d, 25d) an seinem er­sten Schenkel über den abgewinkelten zweiten Schenkel hin­aus aufweist, an der jeweils die Rückstellfeder (7; 27) an­greift.1. Electromagnetic relay with a coil, a core (3) axially arranged in the coil (1, 2), a first yoke designed as an armature (4; 24), which has a leg (4a; 24a) with a working air gap with respect to the first Forms the end (3a) of the core (3) and is coupled to a contact spring (8; 28), further to a second yoke (5; 15; 25), which is L-shaped, with its first leg (5a; 15a ; 25a) faces the second end (3b) of the core (3) and extends with its second leg (5b; 15b; 25b) essentially parallel to the coil axis next to the coil, the free end (4c) of the first yoke or Anchor (4; 24) in the area of the free end of the second leg (5b; 15b; 25b) of the second yoke (5; 15; 25) is mounted, and with a tension return spring (7; 27) connected to extensions (4d, 5d; 15d; 24d, 25d) of the first and second yokes (4, 5; 15; 24, 25) and extends essentially parallel to the coil axis,
characterized in that the first yoke (4; 24) serving as an anchor is L-shaped, forms the working air gap with its first leg (4a; 24a), runs approximately parallel to the coil axis with its second leg (4b; 24b) and with the free end (4c; 24c) of this second leg next to the coil at the free end (5c; 25c) of the second yoke (5; 15; 25) is mounted, and that the armature (4; 15; 24, 25) each one Has extension (4d; 15d; 24d, 25d) on its first leg beyond the angled second leg, on which the return spring (7; 27) engages. 2. Relais nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn ­zeichnet, daß das zweite Joch (5) unbeweglich und mit seinem ersten Schenkel (5a) mit dem Kern (3) ver­bunden ist.2. Relay according to claim 1, characterized in that the second yoke (5) is immovable and with its first leg (5a) is connected to the core (3). 3. Relais nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das zweite Joch (15) einen zweiten Anker bildet, der mit dem ersten Schenkel (15a) einen Ar­beitsluftspalt gegenüber dem Kern (3) aufweist und daß die freien Enden der beiden Jochschenkel (4, 15; 24, 25) gegeneinander beweglich gelagert sind.3. Relay according to claim 1, characterized in that the second yoke (15) forms a second armature, which has a working air gap with the first leg (15a) relative to the core (3) and that the free ends of the two yoke legs (4, 15; 24, 25) are mounted so as to be movable relative to one another. 4. Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die jeweiligen zweiten Schenkel (4b, 5b) sich etwa bis zur halben Spulenlänge er­strecken.4. Relay according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the respective second legs (4b, 5b) extend approximately to half the coil length. 5. Relais nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die beiden Anker (24, 25) jeweils angeformte, ineinandergreifende Lagerelemente (24c, 25c) aufweisen.5. Relay according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the two armatures (24, 25) each have molded, intermeshing bearing elements (24c, 25c). 6. Relais nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die beiden Anker jeweils an einem gemeinsamen, zwischengefügten Lagerelement gela­gert sind.6. Relay according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the two anchors are each mounted on a common, interposed bearing element. 7. Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Gehäuse (30, 31) im Bereich der Lagerenden der beiden Anker (24, 25) Lager- oder Abstützelemente (35) angeformt sind.7. Relay according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that on the housing (30, 31) in the region of the bearing ends of the two armatures (24, 25) bearing or support elements (35) are integrally formed. 8. Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verlängerung für den Angriff der Rückstellfeder durch einen Abschnitt dieser selbst gebildet ist.8. Relay according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the extension for the attack of the return spring is formed by a portion of this itself.
EP89102683A 1988-02-19 1989-02-16 Electromagnetic relay Expired - Lifetime EP0329138B1 (en)

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Also Published As

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DE58904759D1 (en) 1993-07-29
EP0329138B1 (en) 1993-06-23
US4956623A (en) 1990-09-11
JPH01253139A (en) 1989-10-09

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