EP0319468B1 - Method and installation for the purification of exhaust air from a tenter or a singing machine - Google Patents

Method and installation for the purification of exhaust air from a tenter or a singing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0319468B1
EP0319468B1 EP88810777A EP88810777A EP0319468B1 EP 0319468 B1 EP0319468 B1 EP 0319468B1 EP 88810777 A EP88810777 A EP 88810777A EP 88810777 A EP88810777 A EP 88810777A EP 0319468 B1 EP0319468 B1 EP 0319468B1
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Prior art keywords
air
exhaust air
burner
excess
exhaust
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EP88810777A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0319468A2 (en
EP0319468A3 (en
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Arthur Natter
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C3/00—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics
    • D06C3/02—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics by endless chain or like apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply

Definitions

  • VDI guidelines 2442 of June 1987 suggest heating the exhaust air in a post-combustion system to about 750 ° to 900 ° C using a burner and then cooling it again with a heat exchanger.
  • the exhaust air to be cleaned is heated in countercurrent in the heat exchanger so that the fuel consumption can be kept as low as possible.
  • Such facilities are extremely expensive and have no benefit apart from reducing the environmental impact.
  • the waste heat still contained in the gas can rarely be used economically.
  • the gas-gas heat exchanger operated at high temperature also poses considerable material problems, so that a desired temperature above 800 ° C is often not allowed to be driven.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a system for cleaning the exhaust air of a tenter or scab, with which the exhaust air can be cleaned as completely as possible and its heat content can be recovered as possible. This object is achieved by the combination of features according to claims 1 and 4.
  • Textile finishing companies with tenter frames or scabs usually have steam boilers of sufficient size to clean the entire exhaust air of the tenter frame or scabs in the manner according to the invention.
  • these companies there is only a thermally insulated exhaust air line between the stenter and the boiler as well as a change of the boiler control, possibly still of the burner.
  • the high excess of air in the method according to the invention also results in a marked reduction in the NO x content in the exhaust gas.
  • a tenter frame 1 has a housing 2, which is closed on all sides, with an inlet slot 3 and with an outlet slot 4 for a fabric web 5.
  • the interior of the housing 2 is connected to a suction fan 7 via an exhaust air line 6.
  • the blower 7 conveys the exhaust air into a thermally insulated connecting line 10.
  • the insulation of the line 10 serves on the one hand to avoid heat loss, on the other hand to avoid condensation of water and pollutants from the exhaust air.
  • the connecting line 10 is connected to the combustion air supply opening 12 of a burner 13 of a steam boiler 21.
  • a further thermally insulated line 11 extends between the opening 12 and the burner 13.
  • the combustion air is fed to the burner 13 via a burner fan 14.
  • a compensating chimney 15 branches off from the line 10.
  • a fresh air intake 22 branches off from the line 11. Controlled by a flap 23, the combustion air is obtained either from the line 10 or from the nozzle 22.
  • the burner 13 has a fuel nozzle 24 with a fuel feed line 25.
  • a fuel valve 26 for regulating the fuel flow is arranged in the feed line 25.
  • a steam line 27 and an exhaust gas line 28 are connected to the steam boiler 21.
  • Three heat exchangers 29, 30, 31 are arranged in the exhaust line 28, the first heat exchanger 29 cooling the exhaust gas and thus preheating the boiler feed water conveyed by a pump 34 from a feed water tank 32.
  • the preheated feed water is fed to the boiler 21 via a feed line 33.
  • the tank 32 is fed with fresh water via a line 35.
  • the fresh water is preheated by the second heat exchanger 30.
  • the heat exchanger 31 is used to heat process or heating water.
  • the cooled exhaust gas escapes through a chimney 36.
  • the fuel valve 26 is regulated by a regulator 40.
  • the controller is given the setpoint e.g. the steam pressure of the boiler 21 measured by a sensor 41 is predetermined. When the vapor pressure drops, the valve 26 opens proportionally.
  • the regulator 40 regulates a flap 42 in the combustion air supply duct 43 of the burner 13.
  • Natural gas is expediently used as fuel.
  • the exhaust gas in the heat exchangers 29, 30, 31 can be cooled below the dew point and thus both the sensible and the latent waste heat of the stenter exhaust air can be largely recovered.
  • the upper calorific value of the fuel and the pollutants in the exhaust air is used. Due to the high excess of air, there is a reduction in fuel consumption up to around 20%.
  • the heat exchangers 30 and 31 are expediently omitted.
  • the burner 13 ' is supplied with primary and secondary air controlled by the flap 42 as a function of the boiler load, the excess air again increasing as the boiler load decreases.
  • a further channel 50 branches off from the channel 43 upstream of the flap 42. This opens into an annular space 51 around the channel 43.
  • An annular channel 52 leads from the annular space 51 to the burner head in the boiler 21. Via this annular channel 52, tertiary air can be supplied to the burner head.
  • a flap 53 is arranged in the channel 50.
  • the flap 53 is controlled by a further controller 54.
  • the controller 54 receives the difference between the exhaust air temperature upstream and downstream of the compensating chimney 15 as a setpoint.
  • a temperature sensor 55 is arranged in each of the lines 10, 11.
  • the temperature difference is set to 5 ° C., for example, so that a small amount of fresh air always flows in through the chimney 15. If the temperature difference increases, the controller 54 reacts and proportionally closes the flap 53. When the temperature difference decreases, the flap 53 is opened.
  • the burner 13 ′′ in turn has a tertiary air duct 50, 51, 52.
  • the flap 42 for primary and secondary air is decoupled from the fuel control valve 26 and is controlled by a servomotor 60.
  • a second servomotor 61 controls the tertiary air damper 53.
  • the two servomotors 61 are regulated by a temperature sensor 62 in the compensation chimney 15. This regulation works analogously to that with the two temperature sensors 55 in FIG. 2: the setpoint value of the temperature of the sensor 62 is set, for example, about 10 ° C. above the outside temperature.
  • the signal from the sensor 62 is applied to the two servomotors 60, 61 via two controllers 63, 64.
  • a variable upper limit of the opening cross section is provided in the controller 64 for the flap 53 for tertiary air.
  • the upper limit is given to the controller 64 by a temperature sensor 66 at the end of the flame tube of the boiler 21. At this point, the temperature should not fall below 800 ° so that the safe combustion of all pollutants is guaranteed and the emission of CO is avoided.
  • This design achieves an optimal efficiency over the entire load range of the boiler 21 with minimal fresh air intake.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The exhaust air from the tenterframe (1) conveyed by a fan (7) is fed as combustion air to the burner (13) of a steam boiler (21). The burner (13) is operated with a variable and high excess of air of lambda =1,5 to lambda =3,5. The boiler output is regulated by the fuel supply. The excess of air is increased at low boiler load. The boiler exhaust gas is cooled down below the dew point via three heat exchangers (29,30,31). Thus complete combustion of the organic noxious substances in the tenterframe exhaust air and at the same time recovery, which can be readily utilized, of the tenterframe waste heat and a lowering of the fuel requirement of the steam boiler are achieved. The same method is also suitable for purifying the exhaust air from singers.

Description

Bei der Texilveredelung werden Stoffbahnen z.B. zum thermofixieren in Spannrahmen auf etwa 180° erwärmt. Die Abluft solcher Spannrahmen wird mittels eines Gebläses abgesaugt und üblicherweise über ein Kamin ins Freie geleitet. Diese Abluft ist erheblich mit Kohlenwasserstoffen, unter anderem Paraphinen, belastet und riecht übel. Ausserdem enthält sie wegen ihrer hohen Temperatur von etwa 140° C erhebliche Energiemengen. Versuche diese Energie in einem Wärmetauscher rückzugewinnen, sind bisher gescheitert, weil diese Wärmetauscher sehr rasch verschmutzen und kaum zu reinigen sind.In textile finishing, webs of fabric e.g. heated to about 180 ° for heat-setting in the stenter frame. The exhaust air from such stenter frames is extracted by means of a blower and usually passed outside through a chimney. This exhaust air is heavily contaminated with hydrocarbons, including paraphines, and smells bad. It also contains considerable amounts of energy due to its high temperature of around 140 ° C. Attempts to recover this energy in a heat exchanger have so far failed because these heat exchangers get dirty very quickly and can hardly be cleaned.

Zur Beseitigung von Schadstoffen in Abluft wird in den VDI-Richtlinien 2442 vom Juni 1987 vorgeschlagen, in einer Nachverbrennungsanlage die Abluft mittels eines Brenners auf etwa 750° bis 900° C zu erhitzen und anschliessend mit einem Wärmetauscher wieder abzukühlen. Im Wärmetauscher wird dabei die zu reinigende Abluft im Gegenstrom erhitzt, damit der Brennstoffaufwand möglichst gering gehalten werden kann. Solche Anlagen sind ausserordentlich teuer und bringen ausser der Reduktion der Umweltbelastung keinen Nutzeffekt. Die im Gas noch enthaltene Abwärme ist selten sinnvoll wirtschaftlich nutzbar. Der auf hoher Temperatur betriebene Gas-Gas-Wärmetauscher stellt ausserdem erhebliche Materialprobleme, so dass häufig eine an sich erwünschte Temperatur über 800° C nicht gefahren werden darf.In order to remove pollutants in exhaust air, VDI guidelines 2442 of June 1987 suggest heating the exhaust air in a post-combustion system to about 750 ° to 900 ° C using a burner and then cooling it again with a heat exchanger. The exhaust air to be cleaned is heated in countercurrent in the heat exchanger so that the fuel consumption can be kept as low as possible. Such facilities are extremely expensive and have no benefit apart from reducing the environmental impact. The waste heat still contained in the gas can rarely be used economically. The gas-gas heat exchanger operated at high temperature also poses considerable material problems, so that a desired temperature above 800 ° C is often not allowed to be driven.

In Melliand Textilberichte 8/1985, Seiten 603 bis 604 wird von Peter ter Duis vorgeschlagen, einen Teil der Abluft eines Spannrahmens einem Dampfkessel als Verbrennungsluft zuzuführen. Dabei wird die Ansaugleitung des Brenners an das Abluftkamin des Spannrahmens angeschlossen. Bei der beschriebenen Anlage kann bei Vollast des Dampfkessels in gewissen Fällen die gesamte Abluft des Spannrahmens gereinigt werden. Gleichzeitig kann der Wirkungsgrad der Feuerungsanlage verbessert werden, weil ihr heisse Verbrennungsluft zugeführt wird. Bei Volllast des Kessels wird über das Kamin zusätzlich Frischluft angesaugt, bei reduzierter Last entweicht hingegen der überschüssige Teil der Spannrahmenabluft über das Kamin ins Freie. Ein erheblicher Nachteil dieser Anlage ist demzufolge, dass bei Teillastbetrieb des Kessels nur ein Bruchteil der Spannrahmenabluft gereinigt werden kann und die Umweltbelastung somit in erheblichem Ausmass weiter besteht.In Melliand Textile Reports 8/1985, pages 603 to 604, Peter ter Duis suggests that part of the exhaust air from a tenter be fed to a steam boiler as combustion air. The burner's suction line is connected to the exhaust chimney of the stenter. In the system described, the full exhaust air of the stenter can be cleaned in certain cases at full steam boiler load. At the same time, the efficiency of the combustion system can be improved because hot combustion air is supplied to it. When the boiler is at full load, fresh air is additionally drawn in through the chimney, while the excess part of the stenter exhaust air escapes through the chimney when the load is reduced. A major disadvantage of this system is therefore that only a fraction of the stenter exhaust air can be cleaned when the boiler is operating at partial load and the environmental impact therefore continues to exist to a considerable extent.

Aehnliche Probleme bestehen beim Betrieb einer Senge, wobei hier die Geruchsprobleme verschärft sind, die Abluft aber weniger feucht ist und deshalb weniger Wärmeinhalt hat. Die Abluft einer Senge enthält mehr Feststoffanteile als jene eines Spannrahmens.Similar problems exist when operating a scab, whereby the odor problems are exacerbated, but the exhaust air is less humid and therefore has less heat content. The exhaust air one Senge contains more solids than that of a stenter.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zur Reinigung der Abluft eines Spannrahmens oder einer Senge zu schaffen, mit welchem die Abluft möglichst vollständig gereinigt und ihr Wärmeinhalt möglichst zurückgewonnen werden kann. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmalskombination gemäss den Ansprüchen 1 und 4 gelöst.The invention has for its object to provide a method and a system for cleaning the exhaust air of a tenter or scab, with which the exhaust air can be cleaned as completely as possible and its heat content can be recovered as possible. This object is achieved by the combination of features according to claims 1 and 4.

Herkömmliche Wärmeversorgungseinrichtungen (z.B. Dampf-, Heiz-, Wärmeträgerölkessel, usw.) werden immer mit einem möglichst geringen und über den gesamten Leistungsbereich konstanten Luftüberschuss betrieben, weil ein höherer Luftüberschuss den Wirkungsgrad reduziert und zu Verlusten führt. Die an der Verbrennung nicht beteiligte Luft muss ja von der Ansaugtemperatur auf die Abgastemperatur erhitzt werden. Beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren wird dieser allgemein gültige Grundsatz verletzt. Ueberraschenderweise hat der grosse Luftüberschuss beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren im Teillastbetrieb der Wärmeversorgungseinrichtung keine oder nur eine unbedeutende Wirkungsgradverminderung zur Folge, auch wenn die Abgaswärme nicht ausgenützt wird. Es hat sich nämlich gezeigt, dass die Verbrennung der Schadstoff-Fracht in der Abluft des Spannrahmens im Fixierbetrieb zur Erwärmung dieser Luft um etwa 50 bis 100° C ausreicht. Im Gegensatz zu allen bekannten Wärmeversorgungseinrichtungen kann also beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren ohne Wirkungsgradeinbusse mit einem grossen Luftüberschuss gearbeitet werden. Daher kann, im Gegensatz zur zuvor beschriebenen Anlage nach ter Duis,bei der erfindungsgemässen Anlage auch im Teillastbetrieb der Wärmeversorgungseinrichtung die gesamte Abluft des Spannrahmens oder der Senge gereinigt werden.Conventional heat supply devices (e.g. steam, heating, thermal oil boilers, etc.) are always operated with the smallest possible excess of air, which is constant over the entire performance range, because a higher excess of air reduces the efficiency and leads to losses. The air not involved in the combustion must be heated from the intake temperature to the exhaust gas temperature. This general principle is violated in the method according to the invention. Surprisingly, the large excess of air in the method according to the invention in partial-load operation of the heat supply device results in no or only an insignificant reduction in efficiency, even if the exhaust gas heat is not used. It has been shown that the combustion of the pollutant load in the exhaust air of the tenter frame in the fixing mode is sufficient to heat this air by about 50 to 100 ° C. In contrast to all known heat supply devices, a large excess of air can thus be used in the method according to the invention without loss of efficiency will. Therefore, in contrast to the previously described system according to ter Duis, with the system according to the invention, the entire exhaust air of the stenter or the scabbard can also be cleaned in the partial load operation of the heat supply device.

Da beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren die organischen Schadstoffe der Abluft vollständig verbrannnt werden, ist es möglich, das Abgas erheblich abzukühlen und somit die fühlbare Wärme der Spannrahmenabluft zurückzugewinnen. Eine besonders grosse Energierückgewinnung ist möglich, wenn als Brennstoff im Brenner Erdgas verwendet und das Abgas unter den Taupunkt abgekühlt wird. Dabei wird sowohl der obere Heizwert des Brennstoffes und der Schadstoffe der Abluft ausgenützt, als auch zusätzlich die latente Abwärme der Spannrahmenabluft zu einem grossen Teil rückgewonnen. Da die Spannrahmenabluft meist einen hohen Wasserdampfgehalt hat, kann damit erheblich Energie rückgewonnen werden. Die rückgewonnene Wärme lässt sich bei einem Dampfkessel sehr gut zur Speisewasservorwärmung verwerten. Bei dieser Betriebsweise führt eine Erhöhung des Luftüberschusses zu einer Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades und einer Reduktion des Brennstoffbedarfs.Since the organic pollutants in the exhaust air are completely burnt off in the method according to the invention, it is possible to cool the exhaust gas considerably and thus to recover the sensible heat of the stenter exhaust air. A particularly large amount of energy can be recovered if natural gas is used as the fuel in the burner and the exhaust gas is cooled below the dew point. Both the upper calorific value of the fuel and the pollutants in the exhaust air are used, and the latent waste heat from the stenter exhaust is also largely recovered. Since the stenter exhaust air usually has a high water vapor content, considerable energy can be recovered. The recovered heat can be used very well in a steam boiler for preheating the feed water. In this mode of operation, an increase in the excess air leads to an increase in efficiency and a reduction in fuel consumption.

Textilveredelungsbetriebe mit Spannrahmen oder Sengen haben meistens Dampfkessel von hinreichender Grösse, um die gesamte Abluft des Spannrahmes oder der Senge auf die erfindungsgemässe Art zu reinigen. Bei diesen Betrieben ist nur eine thermisch isolierte Abluftleitung zwischen den Spannrahmen und dem Kessel sowie eine Aenderung der Kesselsteuerung, allenfalls noch des Brenners erforderlich. Mit geringen Investitionskosten kann daher nebst einer vollständigen Reinigung der Abluft eine Rückgewinnung der Abwärme und eine wesentliche Reduktion der Brennstoffkosten erreicht werden. Dabei werden auch noch bei sehr hohem Luftüberschuss von z.B. λ = 3 Verbrennungstemperaturen über 1000°C erzielt, so dass eine sichere Verbrennung sämtlicher Schadstoffe erreicht wird.Textile finishing companies with tenter frames or scabs usually have steam boilers of sufficient size to clean the entire exhaust air of the tenter frame or scabs in the manner according to the invention. In these companies there is only a thermally insulated exhaust air line between the stenter and the boiler as well as a change of the boiler control, possibly still of the burner. With low investment costs, in addition to a complete cleaning of the exhaust air, the waste heat can be recovered and the fuel costs reduced significantly. In this way, even with a very high air excess of, for example, λ = 3 combustion temperatures above 1000 ° C, a safe combustion of all pollutants is achieved.

Der hohe Luftüberschuss beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren hat ausserdem eine markante Reduktion des NOx-Gehaltes im Abgas zur Folge.The high excess of air in the method according to the invention also results in a marked reduction in the NO x content in the exhaust gas.

Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Darin zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 ein Schema einer ersten Ausführungsform,
  • Fig. 2 ein Schema einer zweiten Ausführungsform, und
  • Fig. 3 ein Schema einer dritten Ausführungsform.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows:
  • 1 is a diagram of a first embodiment,
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic of a second embodiment, and
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic of a third embodiment.

Ein Spannrahmen 1 hat ein allseits geschlossenes Gehäuse 2 mit einem Eintrittschlitz 3 und mit einem Austrittsschlitz 4 für eine Stoffbahn 5. Das Innere des Gehäuses 2 ist über eine Abluftleitung 6 mit einem Sauggebläse 7 verbunden. Das Gebläse 7 fördert die Abluft in eine thermisch isolierte Verbindungsleitung 10. Die Isolation der Leitung 10 dient einerseits der Vermeidung von Wärmeverlusten, andererseits um Kondensation von Wasser und Schadstoffen aus der Abluft zu vermeiden. Die Verbindungsleitung 10 ist mit der Verbrennungsluftzufuhröffung 12 eines Brenners 13 eines Dampfkessels 21 verbunden. Zwischen der Oeffnung 12 und dem Brenner 13 erstreckt sich eine weitere thermisch isolierte Leitung 11. Die Verbrennungsluft wird dem Brenner 13 über ein Brennergebläse 14 zugeführt. Bei der Zufuhröffnung 12 zweigt von der Leitung 10 ein Ausgleichskamin 15 ab. Um den Betrieb des Kessels 21 auch unabhängig vom Spannrahmen 1 zu ermöglichen, zweigt von der Leitung 11 ein Frischluftansaugstutzen 22 ab. Gesteuert durch eine Klappe 23 wird die Verbrennungsluft entweder von der Leitung 10 oder vom Stutzen 22 bezogen. Der Brenner 13 hat eine Brennstoffdüse 24 mit einer Brennstoffzuleitung 25. In der Zuleitung 25 ist ein Brennstoffventil 26 zur Regelung des Brennstoffdurchflusses angeordnet. Am Dampfkessel 21 ist eine Dampfleitung 27 sowie eine Abgasleitung 28 angeschlossen. In der Abgasleitung 28 sind drei Wärmetauscher 29, 30, 31 angeordnet, wobei der erste Wärmetauscher 29 das Abgas abkühlt und damit das mittels einer Pumpe 34 von einem Speisewassertank 32 geförderte Kesselspeisewasser vorwärmt. Das vorgewärmte Speisewasser wird dem Kessel 21 über eine Zuleitung 33 zugeführt. Der Tank 32 wird über eine Leitung 35 mit Frischwasser gespeist. Das Frischwasser wird durch den zweiten Wärmetauscher 30 vorgewärmt. Der Wärmetauscher 31 dient zur Erwärmung von Prozess- oder Heizungswasser. Schliesslich entweicht das abgekühlte Abgas über ein Kamin 36.A tenter frame 1 has a housing 2, which is closed on all sides, with an inlet slot 3 and with an outlet slot 4 for a fabric web 5. The interior of the housing 2 is connected to a suction fan 7 via an exhaust air line 6. The blower 7 conveys the exhaust air into a thermally insulated connecting line 10. The insulation of the line 10 serves on the one hand to avoid heat loss, on the other hand to avoid condensation of water and pollutants from the exhaust air. The connecting line 10 is connected to the combustion air supply opening 12 of a burner 13 of a steam boiler 21. A further thermally insulated line 11 extends between the opening 12 and the burner 13. The combustion air is fed to the burner 13 via a burner fan 14. At the feed opening 12, a compensating chimney 15 branches off from the line 10. In order to enable the operation of the boiler 21 independently of the stenter 1, a fresh air intake 22 branches off from the line 11. Controlled by a flap 23, the combustion air is obtained either from the line 10 or from the nozzle 22. The burner 13 has a fuel nozzle 24 with a fuel feed line 25. A fuel valve 26 for regulating the fuel flow is arranged in the feed line 25. A steam line 27 and an exhaust gas line 28 are connected to the steam boiler 21. Three heat exchangers 29, 30, 31 are arranged in the exhaust line 28, the first heat exchanger 29 cooling the exhaust gas and thus preheating the boiler feed water conveyed by a pump 34 from a feed water tank 32. The preheated feed water is fed to the boiler 21 via a feed line 33. The tank 32 is fed with fresh water via a line 35. The fresh water is preheated by the second heat exchanger 30. The heat exchanger 31 is used to heat process or heating water. Finally, the cooled exhaust gas escapes through a chimney 36.

Das Brennstoffventil 26 wird durch einen Regler 40 geregelt. Als Sollwert wird dem Regler z.B. der durch einen Fühler 41 gemessene Dampfdruck des Kessels 21 vorgegeben. Bei sinkendem Dampfdruck öffnet das Ventil 26 proportional. Gleichzeitig wird mit dem Regler 40 eine Klappe 42 im Verbrennungsluftzufuhrkanal 43 des Brenners 13 geregelt. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Brennerregelungen wird nun beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren die Klappe 42 so gesteuert, dass der Luftüberschuss bei abnehmender Kessellast zunimmt. Wenn der Brenner 13 z.B. bei Vollast auf einen Luftüberschuss von λ = 1,2 eingestellt ist, kann die Steuerung der Klappe 42 so ausgelegt werden, dass bei 1/3-Last des Kessels 21 der Luftüberschuss auf λ = 2,2 ansteigt. Diese Aenderung gegenüber herkömmlichen Brennerregelungen ist in Fig. 1 sympolisch dargestellt durch einen Untersetzungshebel 44 zwischen dem Ausgang des Reglers 40 und der Klappe 42.The fuel valve 26 is regulated by a regulator 40. The controller is given the setpoint e.g. the steam pressure of the boiler 21 measured by a sensor 41 is predetermined. When the vapor pressure drops, the valve 26 opens proportionally. At the same time, the regulator 40 regulates a flap 42 in the combustion air supply duct 43 of the burner 13. In contrast to conventional burner controls, the flap 42 is now controlled in the method according to the invention in such a way that the excess air increases as the boiler load decreases. If the burner 13 e.g. at full load is set to an excess air of λ = 1.2, the control of the flap 42 can be designed such that the excess air increases to λ = 2.2 when the boiler 21 is 1/3 loaded. This change compared to conventional burner controls is shown sympolically in FIG. 1 by a reduction lever 44 between the outlet of the controller 40 and the flap 42.

Durch diese Massnahme gelingt es in den meisten Fällen, trotz schwankender Kessellast sämtliche Abluft des Spannrahmens 1 als Verbrennungsluft dem Brenner zuzuführen.This measure makes it possible in most cases to supply all the exhaust air from the tenter frame 1 as combustion air to the burner despite the fluctuating boiler load.

Als Brennstoff wird zweckmässig Erdgas verwendet. In diesem Fall kann das Abgas in den Wärmetauschern 29, 30, 31 unter den Taupunkt abgekühlt und damit sowohl die fühlbare als auch die latente Abwärme der Spannrahmenabluft weitgehend zurückgewonnen werden. Ausserdem wird damit der obere Heizwert des Brennstoffs und der Schadstoffe in der Abluft ausgenützt. Durch den hohen Luftüberschuss wird damit eine Reduktion des Brennstoffbedarfs bis gegen 20% erreicht.Natural gas is expediently used as fuel. In this case, the exhaust gas in the heat exchangers 29, 30, 31 can be cooled below the dew point and thus both the sensible and the latent waste heat of the stenter exhaust air can be largely recovered. In addition, the upper calorific value of the fuel and the pollutants in the exhaust air is used. Due to the high excess of air, there is a reduction in fuel consumption up to around 20%.

Falls als Brennstoff Heizöl verwendet wird, werden die Wärmetauscher 30 und 31 zweckmässig weggelassen.If heating oil is used as fuel, the heat exchangers 30 and 31 are expediently omitted.

In Fig. 2 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung dargestellt. Gleiche Teile haben gleiche Bezugszeichen, so dass sich eine detaillierte Erläuterung dieser Teile erübrigt. Im Kanal 43 wird dem Brenner 13′ wie im zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel Primär- und Senkundärluft gesteuert durch die Klappe 42 in Funktion der Kessellast zugeführt, wobei wiederum mit sinkender Kessellast der Luftüberschuss steigt. Stromaufwärts der Klappe 42 ist vom Kanal 43 ein weiterer Kanal 50 abgezweigt. Dieser mündet in einem Ringraum 51 um den Kanal 43. Vom Ringraum 51 führt ein Ringkanal 52 zum Brennerkopf im Kessel 21. Ueber diesen Ringkanal 52 kann dem Brennerkopf Tertiärluft zugeführt werden. Zur Steuerung der Tertiärluftzufuhr ist im Kanal 50 eine Klappe 53 angeordnet. Die Klappe 53 wird gesteuert durch einen weiterern Regler 54. Der Regler 54 erhält als Sollwert die Differenz der Ablufttemperatur stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des Ausgleichskamins 15. Dazu ist in den Leitungen 10, 11 je ein Temperaturfühler 55 angeordnet. Die Temperaturdifferenz wird z.B. auf 5° C eingestellt, so dass stets eine geringe Menge Frischluft durch das Kamin 15 einströmt. Falls die Temperaturdifferenz steigt, reagiert der Regler 54 und schliesst proportional die Klappe 53. Bei sinkender Temperaturdifferenz wird die Klappe 53 geöffnet.2 shows a further embodiment of the invention. The same parts have the same reference numerals, so that a detailed explanation of these parts is unnecessary. In the channel 43, the burner 13 ', as in the exemplary embodiment described above, is supplied with primary and secondary air controlled by the flap 42 as a function of the boiler load, the excess air again increasing as the boiler load decreases. A further channel 50 branches off from the channel 43 upstream of the flap 42. This opens into an annular space 51 around the channel 43. An annular channel 52 leads from the annular space 51 to the burner head in the boiler 21. Via this annular channel 52, tertiary air can be supplied to the burner head. To control the supply of tertiary air, a flap 53 is arranged in the channel 50. The flap 53 is controlled by a further controller 54. The controller 54 receives the difference between the exhaust air temperature upstream and downstream of the compensating chimney 15 as a setpoint. For this purpose, a temperature sensor 55 is arranged in each of the lines 10, 11. The temperature difference is set to 5 ° C., for example, so that a small amount of fresh air always flows in through the chimney 15. If the temperature difference increases, the controller 54 reacts and proportionally closes the flap 53. When the temperature difference decreases, the flap 53 is opened.

Durch diese Ausbildung kann der Luftüberschuss zusätzlich gesteigert werden, so dass auch bei stark variirender Kessellast sämtliche Spannrahmenabluft gereinigt werden kann. Ausserdem werden Schwankungen in der anfallenden Abluftmenge automatisch ausgeglichen.With this design, the excess air can be increased further, so that all stenter exhaust air can be cleaned even with strongly varying boiler loads. In addition, fluctuations in the amount of exhaust air are automatically compensated.

In Fig. 3 ist eine dritte Ausführungsform der Erfindung dargestellt, wobei wiederum für gleiche Teile gleiche Bezugszeichen verwendet wurden. Hier hat der Brenner 13'' wiederum einen Tertiärluftkanal 50, 51, 52. Die Klappe 42 für Primär-und Sekundärluft ist vom Brennstoffregelventil 26 entkoppelt und wird durch einen Stellmotor 60 gesteuert. Ein zweiter Stellmotor 61 steuert die Tertiärluftklappe 53. Die beiden Stellmotoren 61 werden durch einen Temperaturfühler 62 im Ausgleichskamin 15 geregelt. Diese Regelung wirkt analog jener mit den beiden Temperaturfühlern 55 in Fig. 2: der Sollwert der Temperatur des Fühlers 62 wird z.B. etwa 10° C über der Aussentemperatur eingestellt. Damit wird sichergestellt, dass ständig eine geringe Menge Frischluft durch das Kamin 15 eintritt und keine Spannrahmenabluft entweicht. Das Signal des Fühlers 62 wird über zwei Regler 63, 64 auf die beiden Stellmotoren 60, 61 aufgeschaltet. Der erste Regler 63 hat eine variable untere Begrenzung des Ausgangssignals. Diese untere Begrenzung wird in Abhängigkeit des Signals eines O₂ Fühlers 65 in der Abgasleitung 28 eingestellt. Damit wird sichergestellt, das bei Volllast des Kessels und geringer Abluftmenge des Spannrahmens ein gewisser minimaler Luftüberschuss von z.B. λ = 1,2 nicht unterschritten wird. Diese untere Begrenzung wirkt nur auf die Klappe 42 für Primär- und Sekundärluft. Für die Klappe 53 für Tertiärluft ist im Regler 64 eine variable obere Begrenzung des Oeffnungsquerschnittes vorgsehen. Die obere Begrenzung wird dem Regler 64 durch einen Temperaturfühler 66 am Ende des Flammrohres des Kessels 21 vorgegeben. Die Temperatur soll an dieser Stelle 800° nicht unterschreiten, damit die sichere Verbrennung sämtlicher Schadstoffe gewährleistet ist und die Emission von CO vermieden wird. Diese untere Grenztemperatur entspricht einem Luftüberschuss von etwa λ = 3,5.3 shows a third embodiment of the invention, the same reference numerals being used for the same parts. Here, the burner 13 ″ in turn has a tertiary air duct 50, 51, 52. The flap 42 for primary and secondary air is decoupled from the fuel control valve 26 and is controlled by a servomotor 60. A second servomotor 61 controls the tertiary air damper 53. The two servomotors 61 are regulated by a temperature sensor 62 in the compensation chimney 15. This regulation works analogously to that with the two temperature sensors 55 in FIG. 2: the setpoint value of the temperature of the sensor 62 is set, for example, about 10 ° C. above the outside temperature. This ensures that a small amount of fresh air constantly enters through the chimney 15 and no stenter exhaust air escapes. The signal from the sensor 62 is applied to the two servomotors 60, 61 via two controllers 63, 64. The first controller 63 has a variable lower limit on the output signal. This lower limit is set depending on the signal of an O₂ sensor 65 in the exhaust pipe 28. This ensures that the boiler does not fall below a certain minimum excess air of eg λ = 1.2 when the boiler is fully loaded and the exhaust air volume is low becomes. This lower limit only acts on the flap 42 for primary and secondary air. A variable upper limit of the opening cross section is provided in the controller 64 for the flap 53 for tertiary air. The upper limit is given to the controller 64 by a temperature sensor 66 at the end of the flame tube of the boiler 21. At this point, the temperature should not fall below 800 ° so that the safe combustion of all pollutants is guaranteed and the emission of CO is avoided. This lower limit temperature corresponds to an air excess of approximately λ = 3.5.

Durch diese Ausbildung wird ein optimaler Wirkungsgrad über den gesamten Lastbereich des Kessels 21 erreicht mit minimaler Frischluftansaugung.This design achieves an optimal efficiency over the entire load range of the boiler 21 with minimal fresh air intake.

Claims (8)

  1. A method of purifying the exhaust air from a tentering frame (1) and/or a singeing machine, by thermal combustion, the exhaust air being fed as air for combustion to a heat supply means (21), characterised in that the heat supply means (21) is operated in its part-load range with a large excess of air from λ = 1.5 to λ = 3.5, and in that the air excess is varied as a function of the load of the heat supply means (21), the air excess being reduced with increasing load, and/or the air excess is varied as a function of the amount of exhaust air occurring, the air excess being increased with increasing exhaust air.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the air excess is regulated and limited top and bottom.
  3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the fuel used is natural gas and in that the exhaust gas from the heat supply means (21) is cooled to a temperature below its dew point.
  4. An installation for purifying the exhaust air from a tentering frame and/or a singeing machine, comprising an exhaust air fan (7), comprising a heat supply means (21) with a burner (13), the exhaust air fan (7) being connected to the burner (13) via a thermally insulated conduit (10), the fuel supply and the air supply to the burner (13) of the heat supply means (21) being regulated by a regulator (40), characterised in that the burner (13) and its control means are designed for operation with a variable large air excess from λ = 1.5 to λ = 3.5 and in that the regulator (40) is so designed and adjusted that the air excess falls with increasing heat supply means load and/or rises with increasing quantity of exhaust air.
  5. An installation according to claim 4, in which the fuel supply and the air supply to the burner (13) are each regulated by a regulator (40, 54; 40, 63, 64), characterised in that the connecting conduit (10, 11) contains a sensor (55, 62) for measuring the amount of exhaust air occurring and in that the sensor (55, 62) is so connected to the regulator (54; 63, 64) for the air supply to the burner 13', 13'') that the air excess rises with increasing exhaust air.
  6. An installation according to claim 5, characterised in that the exhaust gas conduit (28) from the heat supply means (21) contains a second sensor (65) for determining the bottom limit of the air excess and the heat supply means comprises a third sensor (66) for determining the top limit of the air excess, and in that the second and third sensors are connected to the regulator (63, 64) for regulating the supply of air for combustion to the burner (13'').
  7. An installation according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that heat exchangers (29, 30, 31) are disposed in the exhaust gas duct (28) of the heat supply means (21).
  8. An installation according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the heat supply means (21) is a steam boiler.
EP88810777A 1987-12-01 1988-11-11 Method and installation for the purification of exhaust air from a tenter or a singing machine Expired - Lifetime EP0319468B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88810777T ATE101254T1 (en) 1987-12-01 1988-11-11 METHOD AND PLANT FOR CLEANING THE EXHAUST AIR FROM A TENSIONING FRAME OR A SEAM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4689/87 1987-12-01
CH4689/87A CH675904A5 (en) 1987-12-01 1987-12-01

Publications (3)

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EP0319468A2 EP0319468A2 (en) 1989-06-07
EP0319468A3 EP0319468A3 (en) 1991-01-09
EP0319468B1 true EP0319468B1 (en) 1994-02-02

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EP88810777A Expired - Lifetime EP0319468B1 (en) 1987-12-01 1988-11-11 Method and installation for the purification of exhaust air from a tenter or a singing machine

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US (1) US4890581A (en)
EP (1) EP0319468B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01201571A (en)
AT (1) ATE101254T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1305656C (en)
CH (1) CH675904A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3887661D1 (en)
DK (1) DK666588A (en)

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US5088424A (en) * 1990-06-26 1992-02-18 White Horse Technologies, Inc. Pollution control apparatus and method for pollution control
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JP5920106B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2016-05-18 三浦工業株式会社 Boiler system
CN109248522A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-01-22 四川意龙科纺集团有限公司 Applied to the dust suction exhaust apparatus on gassing frame
KR102168656B1 (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-10-21 케이씨코트렐 주식회사 The tenter apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
CA1305656C (en) 1992-07-28
CH675904A5 (en) 1990-11-15
US4890581A (en) 1990-01-02
EP0319468A2 (en) 1989-06-07
DE3887661D1 (en) 1994-03-17
DK666588D0 (en) 1988-11-29
ATE101254T1 (en) 1994-02-15
DK666588A (en) 1989-06-02
EP0319468A3 (en) 1991-01-09
JPH01201571A (en) 1989-08-14

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