EP0319439A2 - Vessel for liquids under high pression - Google Patents

Vessel for liquids under high pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0319439A2
EP0319439A2 EP88440102A EP88440102A EP0319439A2 EP 0319439 A2 EP0319439 A2 EP 0319439A2 EP 88440102 A EP88440102 A EP 88440102A EP 88440102 A EP88440102 A EP 88440102A EP 0319439 A2 EP0319439 A2 EP 0319439A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plugs
semi
fibers
reservoir
cylindrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88440102A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0319439A3 (en
Inventor
Philippe Holder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Millet SA
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Millet SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Millet SA filed Critical Millet SA
Publication of EP0319439A2 publication Critical patent/EP0319439A2/en
Publication of EP0319439A3 publication Critical patent/EP0319439A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0656—Metals in form of filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0668—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments axially wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tank or container for liquid or gaseous fluids designed so as to be able to withstand very high pressures.
  • the prior art shows light tanks capable of withstanding relatively high pressures, made in one piece by filament winding of carbon fibers, but with a high cost price. It is therefore not possible to develop such products in devices intended for everyday use by the general public.
  • French patent N ° 75.26934 describes a tank in several parts comprising a central body produced by winding carbon wires impregnated with resin, possibly associated with a metal cylinder placed internally, the bottoms of said tank being constituted by individual plugs whose outside diameter corresponds to the inside diameter of the cylinder forming the body.
  • the reservoir according to the invention provides an original solution which eliminates such a compromise, since it eliminates the internal tie.
  • the decisive advantage of the invention lies in a judicious combination between the shapes of the constituent elements of the tank, chosen according to purely technical criteria of resistance of the materials, and the materials used, selected according to very precise characteristics.
  • the general principle of the invention remaining the same as in the French patent cited above, namely a cylindrical body provided at its two ends with plugs connected by a tie rod, the invention resides in the fact that said plugs are here covered semi-cylindrical parts provided with two grooves in which are housed flexible bundles of kevlar fibers - or any other suitable material -, said bundles acting as a tie rod, located outside and no longer inside said body.
  • the external tie rod thus constituted by the two continuous bundles of fibers distributed symmetrically on either side of the axis of the reservoir, that is to say surrounding by tightening the two plugs and the cylinder body, is subjected to tensile forces resulting from the pressure exerted on the plugs; on the other hand, these tensile forces are uniformly distributed thanks to a semi-circular rounding practiced on each plug, because the kevlar fibers are extremely resistant to traction and the assembly thus created has the essential property of transmitting the forces in almost all of them in the form of tensile forces exerted on the Kevlar fibers.
  • the reservoir comprises a cylindrical body (1) consisting of a metal cylinder, for example made of aluminum, which is easily obtained by cutting a tube of great length and of adequate diameter, hooped by a winding filamentary of Kevlar fibers.
  • a plug ( Figure 3) is inserted inside the cylinder, with a very fine adjustment tolerance.
  • This cylindrical plug is hollowed out with a circular groove (4) in which a seal, for example an O-ring (not shown), can be housed, ensuring the tightness of the reservoir.
  • a parallelepiped rail (5) integrally formed with said plug is intended to serve as a guide for a semi-cylindrical part (2) (in FIG. 2) intended to immobilize it in rotation , the immobilization in translation along this rail being done by means of a shaft (6) surmounting said rail (5), which can be threaded according to its use, and completed by filling and evacuation conduits of the body replenishing fluid.
  • the last degree of freedom of the semi-cylindrical part (2) is of course eliminated by the connection with the bundles of kevlar fibers (11), passing through the grooves (8) and blocking said parts (2) on the plugs ( 3).
  • this semi-cylindrical part is provided with two semi-circular grooves of rectangular section (8) with a shoulder (9) intended to receive the bundles of kevlar fibers.
  • the parts of the mechanical connections corresponding to those which have been described for the plugs, namely the female parts: hollow slide (7) and bore (10) whose respective functions have been explained in connection with FIG. 1 .
  • the bundles of high-strength fibers (11) are made up of a large quantity of grouped parallel fibers which longitudinally coat the tank.
  • the beam geometry in section is that of a "racetrack", the two semi-circular parts of which allow the distribution of the background effects on the fibers in the direction of its greater mechanical resistance, the rectilinear portions from the exit of the grooves being connected continuously along the body 1 to the semi-circular portions.
  • the two vertical straight portions of the bundles (11) are of course tensioned because the metal-fiber contact pressure must be high for the tightening of the plugs to be effective.
  • the fiber bundle is in contact with the reservoir exclusively at the level of the semi-cylindrical part (2). It is therefore possible to increase the diameter of said part without changing anything in the principle of the invention. However, it is important to keep a semi-circular section, so that the fiber bundle comes out parallel to the axis of the cylinder in order to minimize the shear. Indeed, for the most part, the pressure force is exerted on the plugs parallel to said axis and even if the distribution of forces due to the semi-cylindrical shape modifies the direction of the forces according to their position, at the outlet of the throat there is practically no action on the beam, therefore no risk of shearing.
  • the tensile breaking strength of Kevlar allows it to withstand significant tensile forces anyway
  • the design of the reservoir according to the invention represents a decisive progress, in particular because it offers an efficient device (the admissible pressures go up to several thousand bars) while requiring only manufacturing techniques and materials with moderate costs compared to what currently exists. It is not necessary to have special equipment and the simplicity of the different parts does not lead to a very long manufacturing time, which reduces the cost price accordingly.
  • this reservoir offers great flexibility of use: it can be miniaturizable, as in an avalanche balloon system worn by humans in the mountains where its lightness is a precious asset: it can also be considered with larger dimensions for aeronautical applications, for deep sea diving tanks and the like.
  • this tank obviously has a mechanism allowing it to be filled and emptied, consisting for example of valves and conduits and which can find a place in a plug (3) and its axis 6; thus, for example, applied to the avalanche balloon, an exhaust device controlled by simple user pressure must be provided, easily triggered in the event of imminent danger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Pressurised fluid vessel, made up of a cylindrical body (1) and two caps (3) which fit the internal diameter of the ends of this body, characterised in that these caps are surmounted by semi-cylindrical parts (2) making it possible to wind a bundle of strong fibres around the outside of the vessel 11, firmly securing the caps (2) to the cylinder (1), the pressure effect on the caps (3) being wholly absorbed by the thickness of the fibres (11). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un réservoir ou container pour fluides liquides ou gazeux conçu de manière à être capable de supporter de très hautes pressions.The present invention relates to a tank or container for liquid or gaseous fluids designed so as to be able to withstand very high pressures.

Les caractéristiques principales que doivent avoir de tels containers sont les suivantes :
- légèreté, à cause de leurs applications notamment dans des secteurs de pointe tels que l'industrie aéronautique et spatiale et,
- résistance car les pressions très élevées exercées par les fluides contenus dans ces containers, entrainent des contraintes très importantes sur les parois.The main characteristics that such containers must have are as follows:
- lightness, because of their applications in particular in advanced sectors such as the aeronautical and space industry and,
- resistance because the very high pressures exerted by the fluids contained in these containers, cause very significant stresses on the walls.

La solution au problème technique qui se pose ici n est pas évidente car ces deux caractéristiques sont généralement contradictoires en mécanique classique, à moins d'utiliser des procédés de fabrication extrêmement coûteux avec des matériaux onéreux.The solution to the technical problem which arises here is not obvious because these two characteristics are generally contradictory in conventional mechanics, unless using extremely expensive manufacturing methods with expensive materials.

Ainsi, l'art antérieur montre des réservoirs légers et capables de supporter des pressions relativement élevées, réalisés en une seule pièce par bobinage filamentaire de fibres de carbone, mais dont le prix de revient est élevé. Il n'est donc pas envisageable de développer de tels produits dans des dispositifs destinés à un usage courant dans le grand public.Thus, the prior art shows light tanks capable of withstanding relatively high pressures, made in one piece by filament winding of carbon fibers, but with a high cost price. It is therefore not possible to develop such products in devices intended for everyday use by the general public.

Plus récemment, en vue précisément d'une réduction du prix de ces produits, le brevet français N° 75.26934 décrit un réservoir en plusieurs parties comportant un corps central réalisé par bobinage de fils de carbone imprégnés de résine, éventuellement associés à un cylindre métallique placé intérieurement, les fonds dudit réservoir étant constitués par des bouchons individuels dont le diamètre extérieur correspond au diamètre intérieur du cylindre formant le corps.More recently, with a view precisely to reducing the price of these products, French patent N ° 75.26934 describes a tank in several parts comprising a central body produced by winding carbon wires impregnated with resin, possibly associated with a metal cylinder placed internally, the bottoms of said tank being constituted by individual plugs whose outside diameter corresponds to the inside diameter of the cylinder forming the body.

Toutefois, la solution apportée au problème de "l'effet de fond", c'est-à-dire au problème de la liaison mécanique entre ces bouchons individuels rapportés et le corps du réservoir, compte-tenu des contraintes générées par les hautes pressions, ne peut être que la suivante: les deux bouchons sont reliés par un tirant intérieur, par exemple de section cruciforme, s'ajustant avec précision dans le cylindre.However, the solution provided to the problem of "bottom effect", that is to say to the problem of the mechanical connection between these individual plugs added and the body of the tank, taking into account the constraints generated by the high pressures , can only be the following: the two plugs are connected by an internal tie rod, for example of cruciform section, fitting with precision in the cylinder.

Enfin, il n'est pas possible dans ce cas d'utiliser des bouchons vissés dans un filetage, car ce dernier serait inévitablement cisaillé à cause des efforts importants dus au fluide sous pression, ledit filetage étant nécessairement peu profond à cause de la faible épaisseur du cylindre. Dans la solution précédente, les efforts sont donc répartis sur le tirant et - dans une moindre mesure - sur le filetage de bourrelets éventuellement vissés sur les bouchons pour mieux les solidariser avec le corps.Finally, it is not possible in this case to use plugs screwed into a thread, because the latter would inevitably be sheared because of the large forces due to the fluid under pressure, said thread being necessarily shallow because of the small thickness of the cylinder. In the previous solution, the forces are therefore distributed over the tie rod and - to a lesser extent - over the threads of beads possibly screwed onto the plugs to better secure them with the body.

Toutefois, avec cette solution, l'effet de fond n'est pas encore correctement maîtrisé, car l'énorme pression exercée sur les surfaces internes des bouchons induit des contraintes très importantes - en traction et en cisaillement - notamment au niveau de la section de raccord entre le tirant et ledit bouchon. En fait, cette section est nécessairement peu importante par rapport au volume de fluide comprimé, de façon que le rendement du réservoir soit correct, c'est-à-dire que le volume utile représente encore une proportion raisonnable du volume total du corps. Au raccord, les contraintes internes au matériau sont donc très fortes et il est nécessaire de réduire la pression pour ne pas trop réduire le volume utile par un tirant disproportionné. Il faut donc se contenter d'un compromis délicat, ce qui montre que le réservoir ainsi conçu n'est pas satisfaisant.However, with this solution, the bottom effect is not yet properly controlled, because the enormous pressure exerted on the internal surfaces of the plugs induces very significant stresses - in traction and in shear - in particular at the level of the connection section between the tie rod and said plug. In fact, this section is necessarily small relative to the volume of compressed fluid, so that the efficiency of the reservoir is correct, that is to say that the useful volume still represents a reasonable proportion of the total volume of the body. At the connection, the internal stresses in the material are therefore very high and it is necessary to reduce the pressure so as not to reduce the useful volume too much by a disproportionate tie. We must therefore be content with a delicate compromise, which shows that the reservoir thus designed is not satisfactory.

Pour remédier aux insuffisances de ces solutions déjà connues, le réservoir selon l'invention apporte une solution originale qui supprime un tel compromis, puisqu' elle élimine le tirant interne.To remedy the shortcomings of these already known solutions, the reservoir according to the invention provides an original solution which eliminates such a compromise, since it eliminates the internal tie.

L'avantage décisif de l'invention réside dans une combinaison judicieuse entre les formes des éléments constitutifs du réservoir, choisies en fonction de critères purement techniques de résistance des matériaux, et les matériaux utilisés, sélectionnés suivant des caractéristiques bien précises.The decisive advantage of the invention lies in a judicious combination between the shapes of the constituent elements of the tank, chosen according to purely technical criteria of resistance of the materials, and the materials used, selected according to very precise characteristics.

Ainsi, le principe général de l'invention demeurant le même que dans le brevet français précédemment cité, à savoir un corps cylindrique muni à ses deux extrémités de bouchons reliés par un tirant, l'invention réside dans le fait que lesdits bouchons sont ici recouverts de pièces semi-cylindriques dotées de deux gorges dans lesquelles sont logés des faisceaux souples en fibres de kevlar - ou tout autre matériau adapté -, lesdits faisceaux faisant office de tirant, situé à l'extérieur et non plus à l'intérieur dit corps.Thus, the general principle of the invention remaining the same as in the French patent cited above, namely a cylindrical body provided at its two ends with plugs connected by a tie rod, the invention resides in the fact that said plugs are here covered semi-cylindrical parts provided with two grooves in which are housed flexible bundles of kevlar fibers - or any other suitable material -, said bundles acting as a tie rod, located outside and no longer inside said body.

Le progrès réside dans la répartition sur un grand nombre de fibres à très haute résistance des effets mécaniques engendrés sur les fonds (ou effet de fond).The progress lies in the distribution over a large number of fibers with very high resistance of the effects mechanical generated on the backgrounds (or background effect).

En effet, d'une part le tirant externe ainsi constitué par les deux faisceaux continus de fibres réparties symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe du réservoir, c'est-à-dire entourant en les serrant les deux bouchons et le corps du cylindre, est soumis à des efforts de traction résultant de la poussée exercée sur les bouchons par la pression ; d'autre part, ces efforts de traction sont uniformément répartis grâce à un arrondi semi-circulaire pratiqué sur chaque bouchon, car les fibres de kevlar sont extrêmement résistantes à la traction et l'ensemble ainsi créé a pour propriété essentielle de transmettre les efforts dans leur quasi totalité sous forme d'efforts de traction exercée sur les fibres de kevlar.Indeed, on the one hand the external tie rod thus constituted by the two continuous bundles of fibers distributed symmetrically on either side of the axis of the reservoir, that is to say surrounding by tightening the two plugs and the cylinder body, is subjected to tensile forces resulting from the pressure exerted on the plugs; on the other hand, these tensile forces are uniformly distributed thanks to a semi-circular rounding practiced on each plug, because the kevlar fibers are extremely resistant to traction and the assembly thus created has the essential property of transmitting the forces in almost all of them in the form of tensile forces exerted on the Kevlar fibers.

On comprendra mieux l'invention en se référant à la description suivante d'un réservoir suivant la présente invention, en se référant aux figures annexées, pour lesquelles :

  • - la figure 1 représente une vue latérale d'ensemble du réservoir avec son système de fixation des bouchons,
  • - la figure 2 est une vue latérale d'une pièce semi-cylindrique de blocage desdits bouchons, et
  • -la figure 3 montre un bouchon séparé dudit réservoir.
The invention will be better understood by referring to the following description of a tank according to the present invention, with reference to the appended figures, for which:
  • - Figure 1 shows an overall side view of the tank with its plug fixing system,
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a semi-cylindrical piece for blocking said plugs, and
  • FIG. 3 shows a plug separate from said tank.

La description détaillée qui suit évoque un exemple non limitatif de l'invention dont une application préférentielle concerne les ballons d'avalanche que l'on gonfle très rapidement par libération du fluide sous pression afin d'aider à la localisation des personnes ensevelies.The detailed description which follows evokes a non-limiting example of the invention, a preferred application of which relates to avalanche balloons which are inflated very quickly by release of the pressurized fluid in order to aid in the localization of buried persons.

Dans cette configuration, représentée en figure 1, le réservoir comporte un corps cylindrique (1) constitué d'un cylindre métallique par exemple en aluminium, que l'on obtient facilement par sectionnement d'un tube de grande longueur et de diamètre adéquat, fretté par un bobinage filamentaire de fibres de kevlar.In this configuration, represented in FIG. 1, the reservoir comprises a cylindrical body (1) consisting of a metal cylinder, for example made of aluminum, which is easily obtained by cutting a tube of great length and of adequate diameter, hooped by a winding filamentary of Kevlar fibers.

A chaque extrémité de ce corps (1), un bouchon (figure 3) est introduit à l'intérieur du cylindre, avec une tolérance d'ajustement très fine. Ce bouchon cylindrique est creusé d'une gorge (4) circulaire dans laquelle peut être logé un joint, par exemple torique (non représenté), assurant l'étanchéité du réservoir. Sur la face extérieure du bouchon 3, un rail parallèlépipédique (5) venu d'une seule pièce avec ledit bouchon est destiné à servir de guide à une pièce semi-cylindrique (2) ( en figure 2) destiné à l'immobiliser en rotation, l'immobilisation en translation le long de ce rail se faisant par l'intermédiaire d'un arbre (6) surmontant ledit rail (5), pouvant être fileté selon son utilisation, et complété par des conduits de remplissage et d'évacuation du fluide de rempàlissage du corps. Le dernier degré de liberté de la pièce semi-cylindrique (2) est bien entendu supprimé par la liaison avec les faisceaux de fibres de kevlar (11), passant dans les gorges (8) et bloquant lesdites pièces (2) sur les bouchons (3).At each end of this body (1), a plug (Figure 3) is inserted inside the cylinder, with a very fine adjustment tolerance. This cylindrical plug is hollowed out with a circular groove (4) in which a seal, for example an O-ring (not shown), can be housed, ensuring the tightness of the reservoir. On the outer face of the plug 3, a parallelepiped rail (5) integrally formed with said plug is intended to serve as a guide for a semi-cylindrical part (2) (in FIG. 2) intended to immobilize it in rotation , the immobilization in translation along this rail being done by means of a shaft (6) surmounting said rail (5), which can be threaded according to its use, and completed by filling and evacuation conduits of the body replenishing fluid. The last degree of freedom of the semi-cylindrical part (2) is of course eliminated by the connection with the bundles of kevlar fibers (11), passing through the grooves (8) and blocking said parts (2) on the plugs ( 3).

Plus précisément, comme le montre la figure 2, cette pièce semi-cylindrique est munie de deux gorges semi-circulaires de section rectangulaire (8) avec un épaulement (9) destinées à recevoir les faisceaux de fibres de kevlar. Bien entendu, on trouve les parties des liaisons mécaniques correspondant à celles qui ont été décrites pour les bouchons, à savoir les parties femelles : glissière creusée (7) et alésage (10) dont les fonctions respectives ont été exposées à propos de la figure 1.More precisely, as shown in FIG. 2, this semi-cylindrical part is provided with two semi-circular grooves of rectangular section (8) with a shoulder (9) intended to receive the bundles of kevlar fibers. Of course, there are the parts of the mechanical connections corresponding to those which have been described for the plugs, namely the female parts: hollow slide (7) and bore (10) whose respective functions have been explained in connection with FIG. 1 .

Les faisceaux de fibres à haute résistance (11) sont constituées d'une grande quantité de fibres parallèles regroupées qui enrobent longitudinalement le réservoir. La géométrie du faisceau en coupe est celle d'un "hippodrome", dont les deux parties semi-circulaires permettent la répartition des effets de fond sur les fibres dans le sens de sa plus grande résistance mécanique, les portions rectilignes dès la sortie des gorges étant reliées continûment le long du corps 1 aux portions semi-circulaires.The bundles of high-strength fibers (11) are made up of a large quantity of grouped parallel fibers which longitudinally coat the tank. The beam geometry in section is that of a "racetrack", the two semi-circular parts of which allow the distribution of the background effects on the fibers in the direction of its greater mechanical resistance, the rectilinear portions from the exit of the grooves being connected continuously along the body 1 to the semi-circular portions.

Les deux portions rectilignes verticales des faisceaux (11) sont bien entendu tendues car la pression de contact métal-fibre doit être élevée pour que le serrage des bouchons soit effectif. Il y a deux faisceaux placés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe du cylindre, ce qui renforce l'efficacité de la réaction opposée à l'effort de pression du fluide.The two vertical straight portions of the bundles (11) are of course tensioned because the metal-fiber contact pressure must be high for the tightening of the plugs to be effective. There are two beams placed symmetrically with respect to the axis of the cylinder, which increases the efficiency of the reaction opposite to the pressure effort of the fluid.

Comme on le voit, le faisceau de fibres est en contact avec le réservoir exclusivement au niveau de la pièce semi-cylindrique (2). Il est donc possible d'augmenter le diamètre de ladite pièce sans rien changer au principe de l'invention. Toutefois, il est important de garder une section semi-circulaire, de façon que le faisceau de fibres sorte parallèlement à l'axe du cylindre afin de réduire au maximum le cisaillement. En effet, pour l'essentiel, l'effort de pression s'exerce sur les bouchons parallèlement audit axe et même si la répartition des forces due à la forme semi-cylindrique modifie la direction des efforts selon leur position, à la sortie de la gorge il n'y a pratiquement pas d'action sur le faisceau, donc pas de risque de cisaillement. La résistance de rupture à la traction du kevlar lui permet de toute manière de supporter des efforts de traction importantsAs can be seen, the fiber bundle is in contact with the reservoir exclusively at the level of the semi-cylindrical part (2). It is therefore possible to increase the diameter of said part without changing anything in the principle of the invention. However, it is important to keep a semi-circular section, so that the fiber bundle comes out parallel to the axis of the cylinder in order to minimize the shear. Indeed, for the most part, the pressure force is exerted on the plugs parallel to said axis and even if the distribution of forces due to the semi-cylindrical shape modifies the direction of the forces according to their position, at the outlet of the throat there is practically no action on the beam, therefore no risk of shearing. The tensile breaking strength of Kevlar allows it to withstand significant tensile forces anyway

Il est clair que la conception du réservoir selon l'invention représente un progrès déterminant, en particulier parce qu'elle offre un dispositif performant (les pressions admissibles vont jusqu'à plusieurs milliers de bars) tout en ne nécessitant que des techniques de fabrication et des matériaux dont les coûts sont modérés par rapport à ce qui existe actuellement. Il n'est pas nécessaire d'avoir un équipement spécial et la simplicité des différentes pièces n'entraine pas un temps de fabrication très long, ce qui rabaisse d'autant le prix de revient.It is clear that the design of the reservoir according to the invention represents a decisive progress, in particular because it offers an efficient device (the admissible pressures go up to several thousand bars) while requiring only manufacturing techniques and materials with moderate costs compared to what currently exists. It is not necessary to have special equipment and the simplicity of the different parts does not lead to a very long manufacturing time, which reduces the cost price accordingly.

Au surplus, ce réservoir offre une grande souplesse d'utilisation : il peut être miniaturisable, comme dans un système à ballon d'avalanche porté par l'homme en montagne où sa légèreté est un atout précieux : on peut également l'envisager avec des dimensions plus importantes pour des applications en aéronautique, pour les bouteilles de plongée profonde en mer et analogues.In addition, this reservoir offers great flexibility of use: it can be miniaturizable, as in an avalanche balloon system worn by humans in the mountains where its lightness is a precious asset: it can also be considered with larger dimensions for aeronautical applications, for deep sea diving tanks and the like.

Enfin, ce réservoir dispose bien évidemment d'un mécanisme autorisant son remplissage et sa vidange, constitué par exemple de valves et de conduits et qui peut trouver place dans un bouchon (3) et son axe 6 ; ainsi, par exemple, appliqué au ballon d'avalanche, il faut prévoir un dispositif d'échappement commandé par simple pression de l'utilisateur, facilement déclenchable en cas de danger imminent.Finally, this tank obviously has a mechanism allowing it to be filled and emptied, consisting for example of valves and conduits and which can find a place in a plug (3) and its axis 6; thus, for example, applied to the avalanche balloon, an exhaust device controlled by simple user pressure must be provided, easily triggered in the event of imminent danger.

Il est bien entendu que l'invention n'est pas limitée à la description donnée auparavant ni aux exemples d'applications cités, mais englobe également d'autres modes et d'autres formes de réalisation.It is understood that the invention is not limited to the description given previously or to the examples of applications cited, but also encompasses other modes and other embodiments.

Claims (2)

1. Réservoir pour fluide sous pression, composé d'un corps cylindrique (1) et de deux bouchons (3) venant s'ajuster dans le diamètre interne des extrémités de ce corps, caractérisé en ce que ces bouchons sont surmontés de pièces semi-cylindriques (2) permettant le bobinage d' unu faisceau de fibres à haute résistance mécanique extérieur au réservoir 11 solidarisant le bouchons (2 au cylindre (1) l'effet de fond sur les bouchons (3) étant totalement repris par l'épaisseur des fibres (11).1. Reservoir for pressurized fluid, composed of a cylindrical body (1) and two plugs (3) coming to adjust in the internal diameter of the ends of this body, characterized in that these plugs are surmounted by semi-finished parts cylindrical (2) allowing the winding of a bundle of fibers with high mechanical resistance outside the reservoir 11 securing the plugs (2 to the cylinder (1) the background effect on the plugs (3) being completely taken up by the thickness of the fibers (11). 2. Réservoir pour fluide sous pression selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que par modification des dimensions des pièces semi-cylindriques (2) indépendamment du diamètre du corps (1) de capacité de gaz, on peut augmenter a volonté les résistances mecaniques engendrées par les faisceaux de fibres ainsi appliqués sur ces pièces.2. Reservoir for pressurized fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that by modification of the dimensions of the semi-cylindrical parts (2) independently of the diameter of the body (1) of gas capacity, the mechanical resistances generated can be increased at will. by the bundles of fibers thus applied to these parts.
EP88440102A 1987-11-30 1988-11-29 Vessel for liquids under high pression Withdrawn EP0319439A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8716757 1987-11-30
FR8716757A FR2623874B1 (en) 1987-11-30 1987-11-30 RESERVOIR FOR HIGH PRESSURE FLUIDS

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EP0319439A2 true EP0319439A2 (en) 1989-06-07
EP0319439A3 EP0319439A3 (en) 1989-11-29

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JP (1) JPH01303400A (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1014290C2 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-07 Advanced Lightweight Const Gro Fiber-reinforced pressure vessel and method for making a fiber-reinforced pressure vessel.
US6479277B2 (en) 1997-06-04 2002-11-12 Cellular Improvements Ltd. Method and apparatus for disruption of biological material

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GB935332A (en) * 1959-08-17 1963-08-28 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to a filament wound hollow vessel and method of making same
US3476281A (en) * 1967-12-04 1969-11-04 Iit Res Inst Reaction frame for restraining high loads

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FR2323095A1 (en) * 1975-09-02 1977-04-01 Holder Philippe Container for use with pressurised fluids - has cylindrical body with internal stoppers and flanges to fasten down body ends
US4700868A (en) * 1986-03-28 1987-10-20 Pneumo Abex Corporation Composite pressure vessel including fluid port with replaceable seal in composite sidewall structure and method of constructing such fluid port

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB935332A (en) * 1959-08-17 1963-08-28 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to a filament wound hollow vessel and method of making same
US3476281A (en) * 1967-12-04 1969-11-04 Iit Res Inst Reaction frame for restraining high loads

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6479277B2 (en) 1997-06-04 2002-11-12 Cellular Improvements Ltd. Method and apparatus for disruption of biological material
NL1014290C2 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-07 Advanced Lightweight Const Gro Fiber-reinforced pressure vessel and method for making a fiber-reinforced pressure vessel.
WO2001057429A1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-09 Advanced Lightweight Constructions Group B.V. Fibre-reinforced pressure vessel and method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced pressure vessel
US7086553B2 (en) 2000-02-04 2006-08-08 Advanced Lightweightconstructions Group B.V. Fibre-reinforced pressure vessel and method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced pressure vessel
US7219812B2 (en) 2000-02-04 2007-05-22 Advanced Lightweight Constructions Group B.V. Fibre-reinforced pressure vessel and method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced pressure vessel
AU2001234259B2 (en) * 2000-02-04 2007-05-31 Advanced Lightweight Engineering B.V. Fibre-reinforced pressure vessel and method of manufacturing fibre-reinforced pressure vessel
CZ303003B6 (en) * 2000-02-04 2012-02-15 Advanced Lightweight Engineering B.V. Fiber-reinforced pressure vessel and process for producing thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0319439A3 (en) 1989-11-29
AU2588288A (en) 1989-06-01
FR2623874A1 (en) 1989-06-02
JPH01303400A (en) 1989-12-07
FR2623874B1 (en) 1990-04-06

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