EP0318895A2 - Tubular heating element - Google Patents

Tubular heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0318895A2
EP0318895A2 EP88119802A EP88119802A EP0318895A2 EP 0318895 A2 EP0318895 A2 EP 0318895A2 EP 88119802 A EP88119802 A EP 88119802A EP 88119802 A EP88119802 A EP 88119802A EP 0318895 A2 EP0318895 A2 EP 0318895A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular heater
heater according
tubular
rod
switching device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88119802A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0318895A3 (en
EP0318895B1 (en
Inventor
Ingo Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Mont. Bleckmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ELPAG AG CHUR
Original Assignee
ELPAG AG CHUR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by ELPAG AG CHUR filed Critical ELPAG AG CHUR
Priority to EP19940108393 priority Critical patent/EP0613325A3/en
Publication of EP0318895A2 publication Critical patent/EP0318895A2/en
Publication of EP0318895A3 publication Critical patent/EP0318895A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0318895B1 publication Critical patent/EP0318895B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/46—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid
    • H01H37/48—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid with extensible rigid rods or tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0202—Switches
    • H05B1/0205—Switches using a fusible material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H01H2037/762—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit using a spring for opening the circuit when the fusible element melts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/323—Thermally-sensitive members making use of shape memory materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/36—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a fluid with or without vaporisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tubular heater according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a tubular heater with a heating coil made of resistance wire has become known, which is embedded in insulating material and housed in a jacket tube.
  • a piece of pipe is inserted, which is insulated from the jacket pipe and in which an overheating protection in the form of a PTC element, a heat sensor, a fuse or a thermostat is housed.
  • the pipe section is connected to the heating coil in direct heat conduction.
  • the overheating protection is interchangeably inserted into the pipe section from the outside.
  • a security element in the form of a fuse, a thermostat or a heat sensor in the tubular heater end has the great advantage that there is a direct flow of heat to the heating coil, so that an increase in temperature thereof very quickly reaches the securing element.
  • the associated area of the casing tube no longer calcifies when water is heated, so that a defined heat flow and, accordingly, a defined response of the securing element is achieved regardless of the other degree of calcification of the tubular heating element.
  • thermostats that can be accommodated in the limited space of a few millimeters in the tubular heater end, but which nevertheless ensure a safe switching operation with the operating voltage generally of 220 volts.
  • securing elements such as e.g. To construct thermostats that can be accommodated in the limited space of a few millimeters in the tubular heater end, but which nevertheless ensure a safe switching operation with the operating voltage generally of 220 volts.
  • only fuses have prevailed in practice.
  • these have the disadvantage that the tubular heater is only switched off via a single voltage pole.
  • current flows through the heating coil in spite of the single-pole disconnection specifically as a result of the lower resistance of the heating coil resulting from the shortening of the live length of the heating coil with a relatively large heating power and corresponding Risk of fire.
  • Alloys with shape memory are so-called "memory alloys” e.g. Known from Techn.Mitt.Krupp Research Reports, Volume 34 (1976), No. 1, which are sold under the name "NITINOL”.
  • the invention is based on the object of improving the reliability and response characteristics of an excess temperature fuse for a tubular heater arrangement of the type in question, to enable two-pole disconnection and to significantly reduce the costs for the fuse element and the replacement thereof.
  • a tubular heater consists of a casing tube 1, in which a heating coil 2 is housed embedded in insulating material 3.
  • a piece of pipe 4 is inserted which is surrounded by the insulating material 3 over at least part of its length.
  • the heating coil 2 is welded onto the conically tapering end 5 of the pipe section 4. Furthermore, the pipe section 4 is held by a terminating bead 6.
  • the pipe section 4 Since the pipe section 4 is electrically connected to the heating coil 2, it serves as a connection pole 7. Since the end region 1 a of the casing tube 1 is no longer heated by the heating coil 2, it cannot calcify either, so that there is a heating element over the entire operating life of the tubular heating element constant heat flow from the heating coil 2 via the welded connection at the conical end 5 to the pipe section 4 and concentrically through the insulating material 3 to the unheated area 1a. This heat flow remains the same regardless of the position in which the tubular heating element is installed, due to the concentric heat flow. Accordingly, a constant temperature occurs in the pipe section 4 during normal operation.
  • a rod 8 is now inserted into the pipe section 4 and is pressed by a spring 9 of a switching device 10 on the inner bottom of the pipe section 4.
  • the rod 8 consists of a metal or plastic material that melts at a certain temperature or changes its structure in the sense of a contraction or dilation. This temperature is somewhat higher than the temperature which arises in the tube 4 during normal operation. If the temperature of the tubular heating element rises inadmissibly, for example due to falling dry due to lack of water or coverage, for example due to a piece of laundry or excessive calcification, then it rises the temperature in the pipe section 4. The end of the rod 8 protruding into the pipe section 4 begins to melt, the spring 9 pivoting the movable contact of the switching device 10. Switching device 10 accordingly switches off the power supply to the heating coil 2.
  • the ends of the tubular heating element 1 are seated in a flange 11 which closes an opening in a container wall 12.
  • the flange 11 carries a switching device 13 common to both tubular radiator ends, the switching contact 14 of which is bridged by a rod 15 which engages in the rods 8.
  • a spring not shown, is provided which presses on the rod 15.
  • the contact 14 of the switching device 13 is accordingly pressed in and the power supply to both tubular heater ends is interrupted.
  • a snap disk 16 is provided, on which a piston 17 acts.
  • This embodiment has the particular advantage that "sticking" of the contact is avoided.
  • the response accuracy is very high.
  • the snap disk 16 can consist of a composite metal or a bimetal in order to achieve the most accurate response characteristic possible.
  • the snap disc is schematically integrated into the tubular heater end.
  • the snap disk can of course also be arranged at another location on the flange 11. For example, replace the contact 14 of the switching device 13 or be combined with it.
  • the "memory effect" of certain metals is used.
  • “Memory metals” are alloys, for example with 52 to 57% nickel, a few% cobalt and the rest titanium. The metals are deformed at low temperatures. At a certain transition temperature that at a titanium content of about 46% is 120 ° C, then the memory metal returns to its original shape. This area is therefore extremely cheap for the present purpose.
  • a rod 20 made of a memory metal is inserted into the pipe section 4, which was bent at low temperature.
  • the transition temperature of 120 ° is reached, the rod 20 returns to its original straight shape and releases a contact 20a.
  • a bent rod is made that is straightened at low temperature. This rod then bends at the transition temperature and actuates a corresponding contact.
  • a coil spring 21 made of a memory metal is inserted into the pipe section 4.
  • the wire of the helix 21 tries to return to its original straight shape, i.e. it expands.
  • a piston 22 is pressed onto a contact 23.
  • a tubular member 24 made of a shrinkable material.
  • the material shrinks.
  • the hose 24 then actuates a contact 14 of the switching arrangement 13 via a rod 15.
  • shrink films or shrink sleeves the memory of plastics is used for their condition before deformation.
  • These are cold-stretched thermoplastic foils based on PETP, PE, PVC, which contract back to their original state when heat-treated.
  • the shrink sleeves can also be pushed onto a rod and fastened at their front end to a ring sliding thereon, which actuates the switching device, for example via a connecting wire.
  • FIG. 8 shows a moisture expansion regulator 25 which actuates a piston 26.
  • a piston 26 instead of a piston 26, an elastic, rubber-like material can also be provided.
  • a permissible temperature in the tube 4 is exceeded, a contact 27 is then actuated by the piston 26.
  • a salt filling 28 in turn acts a piston 29 which actuates a contact of a switching device 30.
  • the effect of the recrystallization or the growth of crystal nuclei at a certain temperature is thus exploited.
  • Certain chemical volatile compounds can also be used in a tube with a piston or in a tube whose jacket is stretchable, for example made of an elastic rubber-like material.
  • the heating increases the vapor pressure in the tube until it overcomes the resistance of the snap disk 16 and the contact is thus actuated.
  • a switching arrangement is inserted into the pipe section 4, which contains an liquid 32 boiling at approximately 120 ° C. in an elastic sleeve 31.
  • the membrane 33 bulges out and assumes the shape shown in broken lines when the temperature rises above the normal value, a contact 34 of a switching device 35 being actuated.
  • a cylindrical metal body 36 is provided, to which the heating coil 2 is welded.
  • An outwardly leading rod 38 is soldered to the front end face of the metal body 36 by means of a solder connection 37.
  • the rod 38 is guided through the inner bore of an insulating bead 40 which closes the tubular heating element.
  • the insulating bead 40 is recessed in a trough-like manner on its front side, so that it can receive a spherical rubber bead 39 which is held in the compressed state by a disk 38a spread out on the rod 38.
  • the rod 38 also serves to supply current to the heating coil 2. If, as a result of an excess temperature, for example when a temperature of 150 ° C. is exceeded, the solder connection 37 tears open, the elastic ball 39 relaxes, so that the current supply to the heating coil 2 is interrupted, as shown in FIG Fig. 12 is shown.
  • the rubber ball 39 is replaced by a helical spring 41 which is housed in a housing 42 which consists of two box-shaped parts sliding into one another.
  • the mode of operation is otherwise the same as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • the particular advantage of the new overload protection is that the rod 8 can be replaced very easily and that it is much cheaper than a fuse or a bimetallic switch.
  • the rod is generally 3 to 5 cm in length and 3 mm in diameter. Its melting temperature can be 150 ° C in devices in which the tubular heating element is used for heating water, for example in washing machines, dishwashers, coffee machines or the like, i.e. at a temperature which is not exceeded as long as the tubular heating element passes through the water is cooled, but on the other hand there is still no risk of fire.
  • the plastic material of the rod 8 can be precisely adapted to the particular application of the tubular heater.
  • tubular heaters If an already manufactured series of tubular heaters is required for another purpose, then other rods 8 are used accordingly.
  • tubular heaters where e.g. Fuses are provided in the course of a tubular heater, which are no longer interchangeable after manufacture, this ensures that corresponding large series can be produced, which are then divided according to the different types of devices.
  • the rod 8 can consist of a metal or an alloy that melts at the response temperature. Furthermore, it can consist of a base body, on which a metal tip is placed, which melts at the response temperature. This training has the advantage that only the corresponding metal tips have to be plugged in to adapt a series of radiators to a specific purpose.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tubular heating element whose end (1a) has inside a jacket tube (1) an empty space which accommodates a protection element (36, 37, 38), a switching device being provided which, on reaching a specific temperature, is tripped by the protection element (36, 37, 38). It is furthermore provided that the protection element (36, 37, 38) is inserted into the end (1a) of the jacket tube (1) independently of the jacket tube (1) and that the switching device, on reaching the specific temperature, is tripped by the change of the shape of the protection element (36, 37, 38) pretensioned in the direction of a switching-off process. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rohrheizkörper entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a tubular heater according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der EP 00 86 465 B1 ist ein Rohrheizkörper mit einer Heizwendel aus Widerstandsdraht bekannt geworden, welche in Isoliermaterial eingebettet in einem Mantelrohr untergebracht ist. In das Mantelrohrende ist ein Rohrstück eingesetzt, das gegenüber dem Mantelrohr isoliert ist und in dem ein Über­hitzungsschutz in Form eines PTC-Elementes, eines Wärmefüh­lers, einer Schmelzsicherung oder eines Thermostaten unterge­bracht ist. Das Rohrstück ist in unmittelbare Wärmeleitung mit der Heizwendel verbunden. Der Überhitzungsschutz ist in das Rohrstück von außen auswechselbar eingeschoben.From EP 00 86 465 B1, a tubular heater with a heating coil made of resistance wire has become known, which is embedded in insulating material and housed in a jacket tube. In the jacket pipe end a piece of pipe is inserted, which is insulated from the jacket pipe and in which an overheating protection in the form of a PTC element, a heat sensor, a fuse or a thermostat is housed. The pipe section is connected to the heating coil in direct heat conduction. The overheating protection is interchangeably inserted into the pipe section from the outside.

Die Unterbringung eines Sicherheitselementes in Form einer Schmelzsicherung, eines Thermostaten oder eines Wärmefühlers im Rohrheizkörperende hat den großen Vorteil, daß ein direkter Wärmefluß zur Heizwendel besteht, so daß eine Temperaturerhöhung derselben sehr rasch das Sicherungs­element erreicht.The accommodation of a security element in the form of a fuse, a thermostat or a heat sensor in the tubular heater end has the great advantage that there is a direct flow of heat to the heating coil, so that an increase in temperature thereof very quickly reaches the securing element.

Da das Sicherungselement außerhalb des beheizten Teiles des Rohrheizkörpers liegt, verkalkt der zugeordnete Bereich des Mantelrohres bei einer Wassererhitzung nicht mehr, so daß unabhängig vom sonstigen Verkalkungsgrad des Rohrheizkörpers ein definierter Wärmeabfluß und dementsprechend ein definier­tes Ansprechen des Sicherungselementes erreicht wird.Since the securing element lies outside the heated part of the tubular heating element, the associated area of the casing tube no longer calcifies when water is heated, so that a defined heat flow and, accordingly, a defined response of the securing element is achieved regardless of the other degree of calcification of the tubular heating element.

Es ist jedoch schwierig, Sicherungselemente wie z.B. Ther­mostaten zu konstruieren, die in dem begrenzten Raum von wenigen Millimetern im Rohrheizkörperende unterge­bracht werden können, die jedoch trotzdem einen sicheren Schaltvorgang bei der Betriebsspannung im allgemeinen von 220 Volt gewährleisten. In der Praxis haben sich bisher dement­sprechend nur Schmelzsicherungen durchgesetzt. Diese haben jedoch den Nachteil, daß die Abschaltung des Rohrheizkörpers nur über einen einzigen Spannungspol erfolgt. Bei einem Kurz­schluß der Heizwendel zum Rohrheizkörpermantel an einer be­stimmten Stelle im Verlauf des Rohrheizkörpers fließt trotz der einpoligen Abschaltung, Strom durch die Heizwendel und zwar infolge des durch die Verkürzung der unter Spannung stehenden Länge der Heizwendel sich ergebenden geringeren Widerstand derselben mit relativ großer Heizleistung und entsprechender Brandgefahr.However, securing elements such as e.g. To construct thermostats that can be accommodated in the limited space of a few millimeters in the tubular heater end, but which nevertheless ensure a safe switching operation with the operating voltage generally of 220 volts. In practice, only fuses have prevailed in practice. However, these have the disadvantage that the tubular heater is only switched off via a single voltage pole. In the event of a short-circuit of the heating coil to the tubular heating element jacket at a certain point in the course of the tubular heating element, current flows through the heating coil in spite of the single-pole disconnection, specifically as a result of the lower resistance of the heating coil resulting from the shortening of the live length of the heating coil with a relatively large heating power and corresponding Risk of fire.

Auch die Verwendung von PTC-Elementen im Rohrheizkörperende konnte sich im Bereich der Haushaltsmaschinen noch nicht durchsetzen, da diese Schaltungen nicht die erforderliche Zuverlässigkeit und Ansprechgenauigkeit besitzen.Also the use of PTC elements in the tubular radiator end was not able to establish itself in the field of household machines because these circuits do not have the required reliability and responsiveness.

Es sind weiterhin Legierungen mit Formerinnerungsvermögen sogenannte "Memory-Legierungen" z.B. aus Techn.Mitt.Krupp Forschungsberichte, Band 34 (1976), Heft 1 bekannt, die unter der Bezeichnung "NITINOL" vertrieben werden.Alloys with shape memory are so-called "memory alloys" e.g. Known from Techn.Mitt.Krupp Research Reports, Volume 34 (1976), No. 1, which are sold under the name "NITINOL".

Der Erfindung liegt nunmehr die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Zuver­lässigkeit und Ansprechcharakteristik einer Übertemperatursi­cherung für eine Rohrheizkörperanordnung der in Rede stehenden Art zu verbessern, eine zweipolige Abschaltung zu ermöglichen und die Kosten für das Sicherungselement und die Auswechslung derselben erheblich zu senken.The invention is based on the object of improving the reliability and response characteristics of an excess temperature fuse for a tubular heater arrangement of the type in question, to enable two-pole disconnection and to significantly reduce the costs for the fuse element and the replacement thereof.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ergibt sich aus den kennzeichnenden Merkmales des Anspruches 1. Die Unteransprüche beschreiben bevorzugte Ausführungsformen.The solution to this problem results from the characterizing feature of claim 1. The subclaims describe preferred embodiments.

Die beiliegenden Zeichnungen dienen der weiteren Erläuterung des Gegenstandes der Erfindung. Es zeigen:

  • Fig.1 eine Ansicht eines U-förmig gebogenen Rohrheiz­körpers mit zugehöriger Flanschplatte;
  • Fig. 2 schematisch einen Schnitt durch ein Rohrheizkörper­ende mit einem stabförmigen Sicherungselement;
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt längs der Linie III-III in Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab;
  • Fig. 4 in weiterhin vergrößertem Maßstab eine Schnittan­sicht längs der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 schematisch einen Schnitt durch das Rohrheizkörper­ende mit einem stabförmigen Sicherungselement aus einem Memory-Metall;
  • Fig. 6 einen Schnitt ähnlich Fig. 5, bei dem das Siche­rungselement aus einer Schraubenwendel aus einem Memory-Metall besteht;
  • Fig. 7 einen Schnitt ähnlich den Fig. 5 u. 6, bei der das Sicherungselement aus einem Schrumpfschlauch besteht;
  • Fig. 8 ähnlich Fig. 7, bei der das Sicherungselement aus einem Feuchtigkeitsausdehnungsregler besteht;
  • Fig. 9 eine Schnittansicht, bei der das Sicherungselement eine Salzfüllung enthält;
  • Fig. 10 ein Sicherungselement mit einer Regelung durch Dampfdruck;
  • Fig. 11 eine Ausführungsform mit einer bei Schmelz­temperatur ansprechenden Lötverbindung;
  • Fig. 12 die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 11 nach Ansprechen des Sicherungselementes und Aufreißen der Löt­verbindung; und
  • Fig. 13 eine gegenüber den Fig. 11 und 12 abgewandelte und 14 Ausführungsform.
The accompanying drawings serve to further explain the subject matter of the invention. Show it:
  • 1 shows a view of a U-shaped tubular heater with associated flange plate;
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a section through a tubular heater end with a rod-shaped securing element.
  • 3 shows a section along the line III-III in FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale;
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3 on a further enlarged scale;
  • 5 schematically shows a section through the tubular heating element end with a rod-shaped securing element made of a memory metal;
  • 6 shows a section similar to FIG. 5, in which the securing element consists of a screw spiral made of a memory metal;
  • Fig. 7 shows a section similar to Fig. 5 u. 6, in which the securing element consists of a shrink tube;
  • FIG. 8 is similar to FIG. 7, in which the securing element consists of a moisture expansion regulator;
  • 9 is a sectional view in which the securing element contains a salt filling;
  • 10 shows a securing element with regulation by vapor pressure;
  • 11 shows an embodiment with a soldered connection which is responsive at the melting temperature;
  • FIG. 12 shows the embodiment according to FIG. 11 after the securing element has responded and the soldered connection has been torn open; and
  • Fig. 13 a modified compared to Figs. 11 and 12 and 14 embodiment.

Unter Bezugnahme auf Fig. 2 besteht ein Rohrheizkörper aus einem Mantelrohr 1, in welchem eine Heizwendel 2 in Isolier­material 3 eingebettet untergebracht ist. In dem von der Heizwendel 2 nicht mehr beheizten Endbereich 1a des Rohrheiz­körpers ist ein Rohrstück 4 eingesetzt, das wenigstens über einen Teil seiner Länge vom Isoliermaterial 3 umgeben ist. Auf das konischg zulaufende Ende 5 des Rohrstücks 4 ist die Heizwendel 2 aufgeschweißt. Weiterhin wird das Rohrstück 4 durch eine Abschlußperle 6 gehalten.With reference to FIG. 2, a tubular heater consists of a casing tube 1, in which a heating coil 2 is housed embedded in insulating material 3. In the end region 1 a of the tubular heating element which is no longer heated by the heating coil 2, a piece of pipe 4 is inserted which is surrounded by the insulating material 3 over at least part of its length. The heating coil 2 is welded onto the conically tapering end 5 of the pipe section 4. Furthermore, the pipe section 4 is held by a terminating bead 6.

Da das Rohrstück 4 elektrisch mit der Heizwendel 2 verbunden ist, dient es als Anschlußpol 7. Da der Endbereich 1a des Mantelrohres 1 von der Heizwendel 2 nicht mehr beheizt wird, kann er auch nicht verkalken, so daß sich ein über die gesamte Betriebsdauer des Rohrheizkörpers konstanter Wärmeabfluß von der Heizwendel 2 über die Schweißverbindung an dem konischen Ende 5 zu dem Rohrstück 4 und konzentrisch durch das Iso­liermaterial 3 auf den unbeheizten Bereich 1a ergibt. Dieser Wärmefluß bleibt unabhängig davon, in welcher Lage der Rohr­heißkörper eingebaut wird, immer derselbe und zwar aufgrund des konzentrischen Wärmeabflusses. Es stellt sich dement­sprechend in dem Rohrstück 4 eine bei Normalbetrieb konstante Temperatur ein.Since the pipe section 4 is electrically connected to the heating coil 2, it serves as a connection pole 7. Since the end region 1 a of the casing tube 1 is no longer heated by the heating coil 2, it cannot calcify either, so that there is a heating element over the entire operating life of the tubular heating element constant heat flow from the heating coil 2 via the welded connection at the conical end 5 to the pipe section 4 and concentrically through the insulating material 3 to the unheated area 1a. This heat flow remains the same regardless of the position in which the tubular heating element is installed, due to the concentric heat flow. Accordingly, a constant temperature occurs in the pipe section 4 during normal operation.

In das Rohrstück 4 ist nun ein Stab 8 eingesteckt, der von einer Feder 9 einer Schalteinrichtung 10 an der inneren Boden des Rohrstückes 4 gedrückt wird.A rod 8 is now inserted into the pipe section 4 and is pressed by a spring 9 of a switching device 10 on the inner bottom of the pipe section 4.

Der Stab 8 besteht aus einem Metall- oder Kunststoffmaterial, das bei einer bestimmten Temperatur schmilzt oder seine Struktur im Sinne einer Kontraktion oder Dilatation ändert. Diese Temperatur liegt etwas höher als die sich bei Nor­malbetrieb in dem Rohr 4 einstellende Temperatur. Wenn Die Temperatur des Rohrheizkörpers unzulässig ansteigt, z.B. durch Trockenfallen infolge Wassermangels oder Abdeckung z.B. durch ein Wäschestück oder übermäßige Verkalkung, dann steigt die Temperatur in dem Rohrstück 4. Das in das Rohrstück 4 ra­gende Ende des Stabes 8 beginnt zu schmelzen, wobei die Feder 9 den beweglichen Kontakt der Schalteinrichtung 10 ver­schwenkt. Schalteinrichtung 10 schaltet dementsprechend die Stromzufuhr zu der Heizwendel 2 ab.The rod 8 consists of a metal or plastic material that melts at a certain temperature or changes its structure in the sense of a contraction or dilation. This temperature is somewhat higher than the temperature which arises in the tube 4 during normal operation. If the temperature of the tubular heating element rises inadmissibly, for example due to falling dry due to lack of water or coverage, for example due to a piece of laundry or excessive calcification, then it rises the temperature in the pipe section 4. The end of the rod 8 protruding into the pipe section 4 begins to melt, the spring 9 pivoting the movable contact of the switching device 10. Switching device 10 accordingly switches off the power supply to the heating coil 2.

Die Enden des Rohrheizkörpers 1 sitzen bei der in Fig. 1 dar­gestellten Ausführungsform in einem Flansch 11, der eine Öff­nung in eine Behälterwand 12 verschließt. Der Flansch 11 trägt eine für beide Rohrheizkörperenden gemeinsame Schalt­einrichtung 13, deren Schaltkontakt 14 von einem Stab 15 überbrückt wird, welcher in die Stäbe 8 eingreift. Für den Fall, daß die Stäbe 8 aus einem schmelzenden Material bestehen, wird eine nicht dargestellte Feder vorgesehen, wel­che auf den Stab 15 drückt. Bei Schmelzen eines der Stäbe 8 wird dementsprechend der Kontakt 14 der Schalteinrichtung 13 eingedrückt und die Stromzufuhr zu beiden Rohrheizkörperenden unterbrochen.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the ends of the tubular heating element 1 are seated in a flange 11 which closes an opening in a container wall 12. The flange 11 carries a switching device 13 common to both tubular radiator ends, the switching contact 14 of which is bridged by a rod 15 which engages in the rods 8. In the event that the rods 8 consist of a melting material, a spring, not shown, is provided which presses on the rod 15. When one of the rods 8 melts, the contact 14 of the switching device 13 is accordingly pressed in and the power supply to both tubular heater ends is interrupted.

Bei der in den Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellten Ausführungsform ist eine Schnappscheibe 16 vorgesehen, auf welche ein Kolben 17 wirkt. Ein sich bei der kritischen Temperatur stark ausdeh­nendes Element 18 wirkt auf den Kolben 17 gegen die Vorspan­nung der Schnappscheibe 16. Bei Überschreiten einer bestimmten Temperatur kommt die Schnappscheibe, wie in Fig. 4 mit ge­strichelten Linien dargestellt, über ihren kritischen Gleich­gewichtspunkt und schnappt aus, wobei dann über den Stab 15 der Kontakt 14 der Schaltanordnung 13 geöffnet wird.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a snap disk 16 is provided, on which a piston 17 acts. An element 18, which expands greatly at the critical temperature, acts on the piston 17 against the pretension of the snap disk 16. When a certain one is exceeded Temperature, the snap disc, as shown in FIG. 4 with dashed lines, reaches its critical equilibrium point and snaps out, the contact 14 of the switching arrangement 13 then being opened via the rod 15.

Diese Ausführungsform hat den besonderen Vorteil, daß ein "Hängenbleiben" des Kontaktes vermieden wird. Es ergibt sich eine sehr große Ansprechgenauigkeit.This embodiment has the particular advantage that "sticking" of the contact is avoided. The response accuracy is very high.

Die Schnappscheibe 16 kann aus einem Verbundmetall oder einem Bimetall bestehen, um eine möglichst exakte Ansprechcharakte­ristik zu erreichen. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Schnappscheibe schematisch in das Rohrheizkörperende integriert. Die Schnappscheibe kann selbstverständlich auch an einer anderen Stelle des Flansches 11 angeordnet sein. So kann sie z.B. den Kontakt 14 der Schalteinrichtung 13 ersetzen oder mit diesem kombiniert sein.The snap disk 16 can consist of a composite metal or a bimetal in order to achieve the most accurate response characteristic possible. In the illustrated embodiment, the snap disc is schematically integrated into the tubular heater end. The snap disk can of course also be arranged at another location on the flange 11. For example, replace the contact 14 of the switching device 13 or be combined with it.

Bei der in den Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellten Ausführungsform wird der "Memory-Effekt" bestimmter Metalle ausgenützt. Bei "Memory-Metallen" handelt es sich um Legierungen, z.B. mit 52 bis 57 % Nickel, einigen % Kobald und den Rest Titan. Die Metalle werden bei tiefen Temperaturen verformt. Bei einer bestimmten Umwandlungstemperatur, die bei einem Titangehalt von etwa 46 % 120° C liegt, nimmt dann das Memory-­Metall seine ursprüngliche Form wieder an. Dieser Bereich ist also für den vorliegenden Zweck überaus günstig.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the "memory effect" of certain metals is used. "Memory metals" are alloys, for example with 52 to 57% nickel, a few% cobalt and the rest titanium. The metals are deformed at low temperatures. At a certain transition temperature that at a titanium content of about 46% is 120 ° C, then the memory metal returns to its original shape. This area is therefore extremely cheap for the present purpose.

Bei der in Fig. 5 dargestellten Ausführungsform wird in das Rohrstück 4 ein Stab 20 aus einem Memory-Metall eingesetzt, der bei tiefer Temperatur gebogen wurde. Bei Erreichen der Umwandlungstemperatur von 120° nimmt der Stab 20 seine ur­sprüngliche gerade Form wieder an und gibt einen Kontakt 20a frei. Selbstverständlich kann auch der umgekehrte Weg be­schritten werden, d.h. daß ein gebogener Stab hergestellt wird, der bei tiefer Temperatur gerade gerichtet wird. Dieser Stab biegt sich dann bei der Umwandlungstemperatur und betä­tigt einen entsprechenden Kontakt.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, a rod 20 made of a memory metal is inserted into the pipe section 4, which was bent at low temperature. When the transition temperature of 120 ° is reached, the rod 20 returns to its original straight shape and releases a contact 20a. Of course, the opposite way can also be followed, i.e. that a bent rod is made that is straightened at low temperature. This rod then bends at the transition temperature and actuates a corresponding contact.

Bei der in Fig. 6 dargestellten Ausführungsform wird in das Rohrstück 4 eine Schraubenfeder 21 aus einem Memory-Metall eingesetzt. Bei Erreichen der Umwandlungstemperatur versucht der Draht der Schraubenwendel 21 seine ursprüngliche gerad­linige Form wieder anzunehmen, d.h. er dehnt sich aus. Dabei wird ein Kolben 22 auf einen Kontakt 23 gedrückt.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a coil spring 21 made of a memory metal is inserted into the pipe section 4. When the transition temperature is reached, the wire of the helix 21 tries to return to its original straight shape, i.e. it expands. A piston 22 is pressed onto a contact 23.

Bei der in Fig. 7 dargestellten Ausführungsform wird ein schlauchförmiges Element 24 aus einem schrumpffähigen Mate­rial verwendet. Bei Erreichen der kritischen Temperatur schrumpft das Material. Der Schlauch 24 betätigt dann über einen Stab 15 einen Kontakt 14 der Schaltanordnung 13. Bei diesen Schrumpffolien oder Schrumpfschläuchen wird das Erin­nerungsvermögen von Kunststoffen für ihren Zustand vor einer Verformung ausgenützt. Es handelt sich um kalt gereckte ther­moplastische Kunststoff-Folien auf der Basis von PETP, PE, PVC, die sich bei Wärmebehandlung wieder auf ihren Urzustand zusammenziehen. Die Schrumpfschläuche können auch auf einen Stab aufgeschoben sein und an ihrem Stirnende an einem darauf gleitenden Ring befestigt sein, der z.B. über einen Verbin­dungsdraht die Schalteinrichtung betätigt.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, a tubular member 24 made of a shrinkable material. When the critical temperature is reached, the material shrinks. The hose 24 then actuates a contact 14 of the switching arrangement 13 via a rod 15. With these shrink films or shrink sleeves, the memory of plastics is used for their condition before deformation. These are cold-stretched thermoplastic foils based on PETP, PE, PVC, which contract back to their original state when heat-treated. The shrink sleeves can also be pushed onto a rod and fastened at their front end to a ring sliding thereon, which actuates the switching device, for example via a connecting wire.

In Fig. 8 ist ein Feuchtigkeitsausdehnungsregler 25 dargestellt, der einen Kolben 26 betätigt. Anstelle eines Kolben 26 kann auch ein elastischer, gummiartiger Werkstoff vorgesehen sein. Bei Überschreiten einer zulässigen Tempe­ratur in dem Rohr 4 wird dann ein Kontakt 27 von dem Kolben 26 betätigt.8 shows a moisture expansion regulator 25 which actuates a piston 26. Instead of a piston 26, an elastic, rubber-like material can also be provided. When a permissible temperature in the tube 4 is exceeded, a contact 27 is then actuated by the piston 26.

Bei der in Fig. 9 dargestellten Ausführungsform wird der Effekt der Umkristallisation oder des Wachsens von Kristall­keimen ausgenützt. Eine Salzfüllung 28 wirkt wiederum auf einen Kolben 29 ein, der einen Kontakt einer Schalteinrich­tung 30 betätigt. Es wird also der Effekt der Umkristallisa­tion oder des Wachsens von Kristallkeimen bei einer bestimm­ten Temperatur ausgenützt.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the effect of recrystallization or growth of crystal nuclei is used. A salt filling 28 in turn acts a piston 29 which actuates a contact of a switching device 30. The effect of the recrystallization or the growth of crystal nuclei at a certain temperature is thus exploited.

Es können auch bestimmte chemische flüchtige Ver­bindungen in einem Rohr mit Kolben oder in einem Rohr, dessen Mantel dehnbar ist, zum Beispiel aus einem elastischen gummiartigem Werkstoff besteht, Verwendung finden. Durch die Erwärmung steigt der Dampfdruck in dem Rohr, bis dieser den Widerstand der Schnappscheibe 16 überwindet und damit der Kontakt betätigt wird.Certain chemical volatile compounds can also be used in a tube with a piston or in a tube whose jacket is stretchable, for example made of an elastic rubber-like material. The heating increases the vapor pressure in the tube until it overcomes the resistance of the snap disk 16 and the contact is thus actuated.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 10 ist in das Rohrstück 4 eine Schaltanordnung eingesetzt, die in einer elastischen Hülle 31 eine bei etwa 120° C siedende Flüssigkeit 32 ent­hält. Entsprechend dem Dampf-Flüssigkeits-Gleichgewicht wölbt sich die Membran 33 aus und nimmt die strichliert dargestell­te Form an, wenn die Temperatur über den Normalwert ansteigt, wobei ein Kontakt 34 einer Schalteinrichtung 35 betätigt wird.In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, a switching arrangement is inserted into the pipe section 4, which contains an liquid 32 boiling at approximately 120 ° C. in an elastic sleeve 31. In accordance with the vapor-liquid equilibrium, the membrane 33 bulges out and assumes the shape shown in broken lines when the temperature rises above the normal value, a contact 34 of a switching device 35 being actuated.

Bei der in den Fig. 11 und 12 dargestellten Ausführungsform ist ein zylindrischer Metallkörper 36 vorgesehen, an welchem die Heizwendel 2 angeschweißt ist. An die vordere Stirnseite des Metallkörpers 36 ist mittels einer Lötverbindung 37 ein nach außen führender Stab 38 angelötet. Der Stab 38 ist durch die Innenbohrung einer den Rohrheizkörper abschließenden Isolierperle 40 geführt. Die Isolierperle 40 ist an ihrer Vorderseite muldenartig vertieft, so daß sie eine kugel­förmige Kautschukperle 39 aufnehmen kann, welche im zusammen­gepreßten Zustand durch eine auf den Stab 38 aufgespreizte Scheibe 38a gehalten wird. Der Stab 38 dient weiterhin zur Stromzuführung zur Heizwendel 2. Wenn infolge einer Über­temperatur zum Beispiel bei Überschreiten einer Temperatur von 150° C die Lotverbindung 37 aufreißt, entspannt sich die elastische Kugel 39, so daß die Stromzufuhr zur Heiz­wendel 2 unterbrochen wird, wie dies in Fig. 12 dargestellt ist.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a cylindrical metal body 36 is provided, to which the heating coil 2 is welded. An outwardly leading rod 38 is soldered to the front end face of the metal body 36 by means of a solder connection 37. The rod 38 is guided through the inner bore of an insulating bead 40 which closes the tubular heating element. The insulating bead 40 is recessed in a trough-like manner on its front side, so that it can receive a spherical rubber bead 39 which is held in the compressed state by a disk 38a spread out on the rod 38. The rod 38 also serves to supply current to the heating coil 2. If, as a result of an excess temperature, for example when a temperature of 150 ° C. is exceeded, the solder connection 37 tears open, the elastic ball 39 relaxes, so that the current supply to the heating coil 2 is interrupted, as shown in FIG Fig. 12 is shown.

Bei der in den Fig. 13 und 14 dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Kautschukkugel 39 durch eine Schraubenfeder 41 ersetzt, welche in einem Gehäuse 42 untergebracht ist, das aus zwei ineinandergleitenden schachtelförmigen Teilen besteht. Die Wirkungsweise ist ansonsten die gleiche wie bei der Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 11 und 12.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the rubber ball 39 is replaced by a helical spring 41 which is housed in a housing 42 which consists of two box-shaped parts sliding into one another. The mode of operation is otherwise the same as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 11 and 12.

Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn beide Anschlüsse des Rohrheizkörpers bei Ansprechen der Schalteinrichtung 10 abgeschaltet werden.It is expedient if both connections of the tubular heater are switched off when the switching device 10 responds.

Ist nämlich die Überhitzung auf ein Durchbrennen des Rohr­heizkörpers zurückzuführen, d.h. durch eine Lichtbogenbil­dung zwischen der Heizwendel 2 und dem Rohrheizkörper 1, dann brennt der Lichtbogen weiter, wenn von dem anderen Anschluß des Rohrheizkörpers Spannung zugeführt wird. Dies bedeutet auch, daß die Wasserfüllung des Gerätes unter Spannung steht mit den entsprechenden Gefahren für die Bedienungsperson.If the overheating is due to a burnout of the tubular heater, i.e. by arcing between the heating coil 2 and the tubular heater 1, the arc continues to burn when voltage is supplied from the other connection of the tubular heater. This also means that the water filling of the device is under tension with the corresponding dangers for the operator.

Bei Rohrheizkörpern, welche mit Drehstrom betrieben werden, sollten zweckmäßigerweise sämtliche Anschlüsse abgeschaltet werden, wenn die Schalteinrichtung 10 anspricht.In the case of tubular heaters which are operated with three-phase current, all connections should expediently be switched off when the switching device 10 responds.

Der besondere Vorteil der neuen Überlastungssicherung be­steht darin, daß der Stab 8 sehr leicht ausgewechselt werden kann und daß er wesentlich preisgünstiger als eine Schmelz­sicherung oder ein Bimetallschalter ist. Der Stab besitzt im allgemeinen eine Länge von 3 bis 5 cm und einen Durchmesser von 3 mm. Seine Schmelztemperatur kann bei Geräten, bei denen der Rohrheizkörper zur Wassererwärmung benutt wird, also z.B. bei Waschmaschinen, Geschirrspülmaschinen, Kaffeemaschinen oder dgl. bei 150° C liegen, also bei einer Temperatur, die nicht überschritten wird, solange der Rohrheizkörper durch das Wasser gekühlt wird, bei der jedoch andererseits noch jede Brandgefahr ausgeschlossen ist.The particular advantage of the new overload protection is that the rod 8 can be replaced very easily and that it is much cheaper than a fuse or a bimetallic switch. The rod is generally 3 to 5 cm in length and 3 mm in diameter. Its melting temperature can be 150 ° C in devices in which the tubular heating element is used for heating water, for example in washing machines, dishwashers, coffee machines or the like, i.e. at a temperature which is not exceeded as long as the tubular heating element passes through the water is cooled, but on the other hand there is still no risk of fire.

Das Kunststoffmaterial des Stabes 8 kann dem jeweiligen Anwendungszweck des Rohrheizkörpers genau angepaßt werden.The plastic material of the rod 8 can be precisely adapted to the particular application of the tubular heater.

Wird eine bereits hergestellte Rohrheizkörperserie für einen anderen Zweck benötigt, werden dann entsprechend andere Stäbe 8 eingesetzt. Zum Unterschied von Rohrheizkörpern, bei denen z.B. Sicherungen im Verlauf eines Rohrheizkörpers vorgesehen sind, die nach der Herstellung nicht mehr auswechselbar sind, ist auf diese Weise gewährleistet, daß entsprechende Großserien hergestellt werden können, die dann entsprechend den verschiedenen Gerätetypen aufgeteilt werden.If an already manufactured series of tubular heaters is required for another purpose, then other rods 8 are used accordingly. In contrast to tubular heaters, where e.g. Fuses are provided in the course of a tubular heater, which are no longer interchangeable after manufacture, this ensures that corresponding large series can be produced, which are then divided according to the different types of devices.

Der Stab 8 kann durchgehend aus einem Metall oder einer Le­gierung bestehen, die bei der Ansprechtemperatur schmilzt. Weiterhin kann er aus einem Grundkörper bestehen, auf welchen eine Metallspitze aufgesetzt ist, die bei der Ansprechtempera­tur schmilzt. Diese Ausbildung hat den Vorteil, daß zur ent­sprechenden Anpassung einer Heizkörperserie an einen be­stimmten Verwendungszweck nur die entsprechenden Metall­spitzen aufgesteckt werden müssen.The rod 8 can consist of a metal or an alloy that melts at the response temperature. Furthermore, it can consist of a base body, on which a metal tip is placed, which melts at the response temperature. This training has the advantage that only the corresponding metal tips have to be plugged in to adapt a series of radiators to a specific purpose.

Claims (19)

1. Rohrheizkörper, dessen Ende innerhalb des Mantelrohres einen Hohlraum besitzt, welcher ein Sicherungselement auf­nimmt, durch das der Rohrheizkörper bei Überhitzung abge­schaltet wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in den Hohlraum (4) mindestens ein Element (8) einge­setzt ist, dessen Abmessungen und/oder Form sich bei einer bestimmten Temperatur ändern, und daß das Element (8) auf eine Schalteinrichtung (10) einwirkt, welche bei Errei­chen einer bestimmten Temperatur durch das Element (8) betätigt wird.1. tubular heater, the end of which has a cavity inside the casing tube, which receives a securing element by means of which the tubular heater is switched off in the event of overheating,
characterized,
that in the cavity (4) at least one element (8) is inserted, the dimensions and / or shape of which change at a certain temperature, and that the element (8) acts on a switching device (10) which, when a certain temperature is reached is actuated by the element (8). 2. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Element (8) stabförmig ist.2. tubular heater according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the element (8) is rod-shaped. 3. Rohrheizkörper nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Element (8) aus einer Memory-Legierung besteht.3. tubular heater according to claims 1 to 2,
characterized,
that the element (8) consists of a memory alloy. 4. Rohrheizkörper nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das stabförmige Element (8) auf eine Schnappscheibe (16) wirkt.4. tubular heater according to claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the rod-shaped element (8) acts on a snap disc (16). 5. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schnappscheibe (16) aus einer Bimetall-Legierung besteht.5. tubular heater according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the snap disc (16) consists of a bimetal alloy. 6. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Element (8) nach dem Prinzip eines Feuchtigkeits­ausdehnungsreglers arbeitet.6. tubular heater according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the element (8) works on the principle of a moisture expansion controller. 7. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Element (8) eine Salzfüllung enthält.7. tubular heater according to claim 6,
characterized,
that the element (8) contains a salt filling. 8. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Element (8) einen Kunststoff- oder Metallbolzen enthält, der bei einer bestimmten Temperatur erweicht oder schmilzt.8. tubular heater according to claim 7,
characterized,
that the element (8) contains a plastic or metal bolt that softens or melts at a certain temperature. 9. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Element (8) aus einem Schrumpfbolzen oder einer Anordnung mit Schrumpfschlauch besteht.9. tubular heater according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the element (8) consists of a shrink bolt or an arrangement with a shrink tube. 10. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das stabförmige Element (8) sich bei einer bestimmten Temperatur verbiegt bzw. aus einer gebogenen Form in eine geradlinige Form übergeht.10. tubular heater according to claim 9,
characterized,
that the rod-shaped element (8) bends at a certain temperature or changes from a curved shape to a rectilinear shape. 11. Rohrheizkörper nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in das Mantelrohrende des Rohrheizkörpers ein gegen­über dem Mantelrohr elektrisch isoliertes Rohrstück eingesetzt ist, an welchem das Ende einer in Isolier­material eingebetteten Heizwendel wärmeleitend und elektrischleitend befestigt ist und daß das Element (8) in diesem Rohrstück untergebracht ist.11. tubular heater according to claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
that in the jacket pipe end of the tubular heater an electrically insulated pipe section is inserted, to which the end of a heating coil embedded in insulating material is attached in a heat-conducting and electrically conductive manner and that the element (8) is accommodated in this pipe section. 12. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schalteinrichtung (10) am äußeren Stirnende des Rohrstückes (4) angeordnet ist.12. tubular heater according to claim 11,
characterized,
that the switching device (10) is arranged at the outer end of the pipe section (4). 13. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schalteinrichtung (10) außerhalb des Rohrstückes (4) angeordnet ist.13. tubular heater according to claim 12,
characterized,
that the switching device (10) is arranged outside the pipe section (4). 14. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schalteinrichtung (10) auf einem Flansch befestigt ist, durch welchen eine Behälterwandöffnung verschlossen wird, durch die der Rohrheizkörper in den Behälter ragt.14. tubular heater according to claim 13,
characterized,
that the switching device (10) is fastened to a flange, through which a container wall opening is closed, through which the tubular heater protrudes into the container. 15. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Schalteinrichtung (10) zweipolig oder mehrpolig ausgebildet ist und daß bei ansprechender Schaltein­richtung (10) alle Netzleitungen vom Rohrheizkörper abgeschaltet werden.15. tubular heater according to claim 14,
characterized,
that the switching device (10) is designed with two poles or multiple poles and that with an appealing switching device (10) all mains lines are switched off by the tubular heater. 16. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Element (8) aus einer schraubenfederförmigen Wick­lung besteht, deren Steigung sich aufgrund eines Memory-­Effektes ändert.16. tubular heater according to claim 15,
characterized,
that the element (8) consists of a coil spring-shaped winding, the slope of which changes due to a memory effect. 17. Rohrheizkörper, dessen Ende innerhalb des Mantel­rohres eines Hohlraum besitzt, welcher ein Sicherungs­element aufnimmt, durch das der Rohrheizkörper bei Über­hitzung abgeschaltet wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Sicherungselement einen Metallkörper (36) enthält, an den mittels einer bei der Ansprechtemperatur schmelzenden Lötverbindung (37) ein nach außen führender Stab (38) angelötet ist, welcher unter einer Federkraft steht, die im Sinne einer Trennung von dem Metallkörper (36) auf den Stab (38) einwirkt.17. tubular heating element, the end of which has a cavity inside the tubular casing, which receives a securing element by which the tubular heating element is switched off in the event of overheating,
characterized,
that the securing element contains a metal body (36), to which a rod (38) leading to the outside is soldered by means of a solder connection (37) melting at the response temperature, which rod is under a spring force that acts in the sense of separation from the metal body (36) acts on the rod (38). 18. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 17,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Federkraft von einer elastischen Kugel (39) ausgeübt wird, durch welche der Stab (38) hindurchgeführt ist und die sich an einer den Rohrheizkörper abschließen­den Isolierperle (40) abstützt.18. tubular heater according to claim 17,
characterized,
that the spring force is exerted by an elastic ball (39) through which the rod (38) is guided and which is supported on an insulating bead (40) which closes off the tubular heating element. 19. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 17,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Federkraft von einer Schraubenfeder (41) ausgeübt wird, die konzentrisch um den Stab (38) angeordnet ist.19. tubular heater according to claim 17,
characterized,
that the spring force is exerted by a helical spring (41) which is arranged concentrically around the rod (38).
EP88119802A 1987-11-30 1988-11-28 Tubular heating element Revoked EP0318895B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19940108393 EP0613325A3 (en) 1987-11-30 1988-11-28 Tubular heating element with shape-changing, pretensioned protection element.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8715851U DE8715851U1 (en) 1987-11-30 1987-11-30 Tubular heaters with an overload protection
DE8715851U 1987-11-30

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94108393.3 Division-Into 1988-11-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0318895A2 true EP0318895A2 (en) 1989-06-07
EP0318895A3 EP0318895A3 (en) 1990-08-08
EP0318895B1 EP0318895B1 (en) 1995-08-30

Family

ID=6814617

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19940108393 Withdrawn EP0613325A3 (en) 1987-11-30 1988-11-28 Tubular heating element with shape-changing, pretensioned protection element.
EP88119802A Revoked EP0318895B1 (en) 1987-11-30 1988-11-28 Tubular heating element

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19940108393 Withdrawn EP0613325A3 (en) 1987-11-30 1988-11-28 Tubular heating element with shape-changing, pretensioned protection element.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5020128A (en)
EP (2) EP0613325A3 (en)
AT (1) ATE127309T1 (en)
DE (2) DE8715851U1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0456216A2 (en) * 1990-05-08 1991-11-13 Elpag Ag Chur Tubular heating element with fuse
FR2681496A1 (en) * 1991-09-17 1993-03-19 Vulcanic Shielded heating elements with electrical supply and method of manufacture of such elements
DE29707829U1 (en) * 1997-05-01 1997-07-10 Tovarna Elektrotermicnih Aparatov Eta Cerkno D.O.O., Cerkno Tubular heating element with built-in overheating protection
EP2768277A4 (en) * 2011-10-13 2015-11-11 Zakrytoye Aktsionernoye Obschestvo Pikkerama Monolithic thermal heating block made from refractory phosphate cement
CN109429385A (en) * 2017-09-05 2019-03-05 现代自动车株式会社 Sheathed heater

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DE8715851U1 (en) 1987-11-30 1988-02-18 Elpag Ag Chur, Chur Tubular heaters with an overload protection
DE3843154C2 (en) * 1988-12-22 1995-07-20 Felten & Guilleaume Energie Tripping device for switchgear and switchgear in the medium voltage range
GB9113581D0 (en) * 1991-06-24 1991-08-14 Sheathed Heating Elements Ltd Electric element assembly
GB9205159D0 (en) * 1992-03-10 1992-04-22 Otter Controls Ltd Improvements relating to electrically powered immersion heating elements and controls thereof
DE4233676A1 (en) * 1992-10-07 1994-04-14 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Electric radiator for media, especially flow heaters
GB2272139A (en) * 1992-10-30 1994-05-04 Black & Decker Inc Control of electric immersion heaters
AU665459B2 (en) * 1992-10-30 1996-01-04 Black & Decker Incorporated A control arrangement for immersion liquid heaters
IT242160Y1 (en) * 1996-03-01 2001-06-04 Irca Spa SAFETY FUSE, IN PARTICULAR FOR ELECTRIC ENCLOSED HEATERS
US6061500A (en) * 1998-07-10 2000-05-09 Su; Wen-Hong Electronic heater for an aquarium
US6932753B1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2005-08-23 Fort James Corporation Food serving paperboard container pressing apparatus employing cast-in electrical heaters
FR2803976B1 (en) 2000-01-13 2002-05-17 Seb Sa HEATING ELEMENT WITH INTEGRATION OF A THERMAL SAFETY DEVICE
US7213541B2 (en) * 2003-08-29 2007-05-08 Lunaire Limited Steam generating method and apparatus for simulation test chambers
KR101186595B1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2012-09-27 엘지전자 주식회사 coupling structure of steam generator in washing device
US7702224B2 (en) * 2007-11-07 2010-04-20 Elnar Joseph G Snap ring fit spa heater element

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EP0613325A2 (en) 1987-11-30 1994-08-31 Elpag Ag Chur Tubular heating element with shape-changing, pretensioned protection element

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EP0613325A2 (en) 1987-11-30 1994-08-31 Elpag Ag Chur Tubular heating element with shape-changing, pretensioned protection element

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0456216A2 (en) * 1990-05-08 1991-11-13 Elpag Ag Chur Tubular heating element with fuse
EP0456216A3 (en) * 1990-05-08 1992-08-05 Elpag Ag Chur Tubular heating element with fuse
FR2681496A1 (en) * 1991-09-17 1993-03-19 Vulcanic Shielded heating elements with electrical supply and method of manufacture of such elements
DE29707829U1 (en) * 1997-05-01 1997-07-10 Tovarna Elektrotermicnih Aparatov Eta Cerkno D.O.O., Cerkno Tubular heating element with built-in overheating protection
EP2768277A4 (en) * 2011-10-13 2015-11-11 Zakrytoye Aktsionernoye Obschestvo Pikkerama Monolithic thermal heating block made from refractory phosphate cement
CN109429385A (en) * 2017-09-05 2019-03-05 现代自动车株式会社 Sheathed heater
CN109429385B (en) * 2017-09-05 2022-04-19 现代自动车株式会社 Sheath heater

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0318895A3 (en) 1990-08-08
DE3854378D1 (en) 1995-10-05
EP0613325A3 (en) 1994-11-23
DE8715851U1 (en) 1988-02-18
EP0318895B1 (en) 1995-08-30
EP0613325A2 (en) 1994-08-31
ATE127309T1 (en) 1995-09-15
US5020128A (en) 1991-05-28

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