EP0086465A1 - Cartridge heater with an overload cut-out - Google Patents

Cartridge heater with an overload cut-out Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0086465A1
EP0086465A1 EP83101305A EP83101305A EP0086465A1 EP 0086465 A1 EP0086465 A1 EP 0086465A1 EP 83101305 A EP83101305 A EP 83101305A EP 83101305 A EP83101305 A EP 83101305A EP 0086465 A1 EP0086465 A1 EP 0086465A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
heating coil
tubular heater
tube
tubular
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP83101305A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0086465B1 (en
EP0086465B2 (en
Inventor
Ingo Dr. Mont. Dipl.-Ing. Bleckmann
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ELPAG AG CHUR
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ELPAG AG CHUR
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Application filed by ELPAG AG CHUR filed Critical ELPAG AG CHUR
Priority to AT83101305T priority Critical patent/ATE23010T1/en
Publication of EP0086465A1 publication Critical patent/EP0086465A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tubular heater consisting of a heating coil made of resistance wire, which is embedded in insulating material in a jacket tube, with an overload protection ..
  • thermostat devices via which the tubular heater is switched off when a certain temperature is reached.
  • the known tubular heaters with overload protection have the disadvantage that the shutdown does not necessarily start at a precisely defined temperature or that a sensitive and possibly fault-prone device must be provided in the machine, which can be used for the shutdown z. B. performs depending on a specific signal current. Apart from the cost of such devices, there is no guarantee that they will maintain their adjustment during robust operation or that they will become inoperative, for example due to bridging. Especially when replacing the tubular heater Functional mechanism is often no longer guaranteed.
  • the overload safety device responds regardless of the temperature of the tubular heating element when there is an increased current draw in the event of a short circuit or a condition that leads to a short circuit - such as the start of the tubular heating element burning to the jacket tube - but that it does not respond on the other hand if the temperature of the tubular heating element is increased in a permissible manner by the addition of lime - however, it reacts when the tubular heating element begins to glow or the temperature of the heating coil or jacket tube corrimates to near the melting temperature.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a tubular heating element in such a way that it switches off automatically when its current consumption exceeds a precisely defined limit value or when the temperature of the heating coil or jacket tube comes close to the melting temperature. Any additional switching devices in the device, which must be matched to the tubular heater, can be omitted in most embodiments.
  • the new design of the tubular heater has several advantages. Since the tubular heater itself contains its precisely coordinated fuse or other overload protection in its connection end, a number of uncertainty factors are eliminated. Above all, it is ensured that regardless of the operating conditions and the operating time of the device equipped with the tubular heater, the response value of the overload protection must inevitably always remain the same. It is impossible to switch off the fuse intentionally or unintentionally. Since the fuse is not installed by the device manufacturer, but by the tubular heater manufacturer, it is also ensured that it is exactly matched to the corresponding characteristics of the tubular heater. For example, a tubular heater of the same embodiment can be supplied in different quality levels and for different purposes.
  • the tubular heater contains the correctly coordinated fuse. Intended or unintentional manipulation is also excluded. For example, it is not possible to get the corresponding machine going again by "self-help", for example by bridging a thermostat.
  • the embodiments described in the subclaims also have their own particular advantages. The interchangeability of the fuse appears to be particularly important. If the fuse is replaced by the tubular heater manufacturer; this enables the causes of failure to be checked. The manufacturer has a better overview of whether continued operation of the tubular heater is permissible or desirable or whether it should be replaced by a new one.
  • the heating coil 2 is attached to a connecting bolt 4, which has an elongated conical end 5, which adjoins a substantially cylindrical head.
  • the welding essen the heating coil 2 is preferably done with a non-contact welding technology, for. B. a laser beam welding technology, at the welding point 6.
  • a connecting pipe 7 is pushed, which is pressed onto the welding point 6.
  • the connecting tube 7 is held concentrically in the jacket tube 1 by a sleeve-shaped insulating bead 8, the front end of the connecting tube 7 projecting beyond the front end of the insulating bead 8.
  • the length of the connecting tube 7 lying in the casing tube I is embedded in the insulating material 3.
  • the tubular heater can thus be rolled to the full length to compress the insulating material 3, the connecting tube 7 being fixed in its position accordingly.
  • the elongated conical end 5 of the connecting bolt 4 enables the press rolls to be adjusted accordingly in automatic control, with the roll engagement being increased but the contact pressure being kept constant.
  • the tubular heater thus has a double connection, the end of the connecting tube 7 projecting beyond the insulating bead 8 having a direct electrical connection to the heating coil 2, while the projecting end of the connecting wire II enables an electrical connection to the heating coil 2 via the fuse 9.
  • the tubular radiator can, for. B. in the manufacturing plant for testing purposes with a voltage exceeding the capacity of the fuse 9. Furthermore, it can be determined via this connection end whether the heating coil including its welding point 6 on the connection bolt 4 is intact. Furthermore, the end of the connecting pipe 7 can be used for operating or monitoring conditions that are not in need of security, for. B. Monitoring the temperature of the heating coil 2 by resistance measurement, continuous control of the leakage current, etc.
  • the fuse 9 can be easily replaced by pulling it out of the connecting tube 7.
  • FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the connecting bolt 4 is omitted.
  • a connecting tube 13 is provided, the end 14 of which is located in the tubular heating element and is of elongated conical design.
  • the heating coil 2 is welded onto this conical end 14 at 15.
  • the fuse 9 has a correspondingly shaped extension 16 which is inserted into the end 14.
  • the embodiment has the advantage that the connecting bolt 4 is saved and that the fuse 9 is better fixed by appropriate clamping of the end 16. Contacting is also more reliable.
  • Figures 3 and 4 serve to explain a manufacturing process that is particularly well suited for mass production.
  • the cylindrical head of the connecting bolt has an annular groove 18 so that the outer cylindrical part 19 can easily be broken off with the aid of a suitable tool. Since the breaking point is completely free of burrs, a slotted sleeve 20 can be pushed over it, which resiliently rests on the cylindrical remaining part 21 of the connecting bolt.
  • the sleeve 20 is preferably made of copper. It is pushed onto part 21 about half of its length. A fuse 9 with a connecting wire 11 is now inserted into the protruding part of the sleeve 20. Sealing takes place by means of an appropriately shaped insulating material bushing 22.
  • FIG. 5 The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 1. Instead of a fuse 9, however, PTC disks 23 are used, which are interposed with an insulating film 24 are accommodated.
  • the PTC disks 23 consist of a resistance material with a positive temperature gradient.
  • the current flow from the connecting wire 11 to the connecting pin 4 accordingly drops with increasing heating of the PTC disks 23. If heat is correspondingly derived from the connecting pipe 7 from the inside of the tubular heater to the PTC elements 23 as a result of overheating of the tubular heater, there is a corresponding drop in the current flow due to the increase in resistance and accordingly a "regulation" of the heating power.
  • Fig. 6 shows that it can be advantageous to arrange a corresponding temperature-sensitive arrangement 26 outside the casing tube 1 of the tubular heater.
  • the schematically illustrated arrangement 26 can consist of the PTC elements described, but also of other temperature-sensitive switching parts, such as bimetallic switches or an electrical switching device. Characterized in that the switching device 26 is on the outside and is cooled, the response thereof can be moved to close to the melting point of the heating coil or the jacket tube 1 of the tubular heater. On the other hand, however, there is a response if the current flow increases inadmissibly, e.g. B. when the tubular heater begins to burn due to arcing from the heating coil 2 to the jacket tube 1.
  • the connecting bolt of the tubular heater is designed as a tube 27.
  • a fuse 9 is housed, which is pressed by a spring 28 so that good electrical contact of the inner connection 29 is ensured.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Unwinding Webs (AREA)

Abstract

1. A tubular heater body comprising a heating coil (2) of resistance wire, which is disposed in a casing tube (1), embedded in insulating material (3), and in which fitted into the end of the casing tube is a tube portion (7, 13) which is insulated with respect to the casing tube (1), and in which an overheating protection means (9, 23) which is connected in series with the heating coil (2) and connected to a connection (11), in the form of a PTC-element, a heat sensor, a fusible element or a thermostat, is disposed in the unheated end of the tubular heater body, characterised in that the tube portion (7, 13) is connected in direct heat conducting relationship to the heating coil (2) and that the overheating protection means (9, 23) is replaceably inserted into the tube portion (7, 13) from the outside.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rohrheizkörper bestehend aus einer Heizwendel aus Widerstandsdraht, welche in Isoliermaterial eingebettet in einem Mantelrohr untergebracht ist, mit einer Überlastsicherung..The invention relates to a tubular heater consisting of a heating coil made of resistance wire, which is embedded in insulating material in a jacket tube, with an overload protection ..

Es ist z. B. aus der DE-PS 21 24 028 bekannt, Rohrheizkörper gegen Überlastung zu sichern. Dieses Problem hat besondere Bedeutung, wenn die Rohrheizkörper in Geräten mit Kunststoffgehäusen, z. B. in derartigen Geschirrspülmaschinen oder Waschmaschinen betrieben werden. Bei einer Überhitzung des Rohrheizkörpers kann durch Wärmestrahlung oder durch Abtropfen flüssiger Metallteile das Kunststoffgehäuse in Brand geraten, was zu einem entsprechenden Wohnungsbrand führen kann. Gemäß dem älteren Vorschlag wird im Rohrheizkörper eine Drahtinnenseele verwendet, auf die ein Glasfaserschlauch aufgeschoben ist. Die Heizwendel wird dann auf den Glasfaserschlauch gewickelt. Bei Überhitzung des Rohrheizkörpers schmilzt die Glasfaser, wobei es zu einem Kurzschluß zwischen der Wendel und der Innenseele kommt, durch welchen der Rohrheizkörper unmittelbar oder mittelbar über ein Relais oder dgl. abgeschaltet wird.It is Z. B. from DE-PS 21 24 028 known to secure tubular radiators against overload. This problem is of particular importance if the tubular heating element in devices with plastic housings, e.g. B. operated in such dishwashers or washing machines. If the tubular heating element overheats, the plastic housing can catch fire due to heat radiation or dripping from liquid metal parts, which can lead to a corresponding fire in the home. According to the older proposal, an inner wire core is used in the tubular heating element, onto which a glass fiber tube is pushed. The heating coil is then wound onto the glass fiber tube. If the tubular heating element overheats, the glass fiber melts, resulting in a short circuit between the coil and the inner core, by means of which the tubular heating element is switched off directly or indirectly via a relay or the like.

Es sind weiterhin eine große Anzahl von Thermostateinrichtungen bekannt, über die der Rohrheizkörper bei Erreichen einer bestimmten Temperatur abgeschaltet wird. So ist es beispielsweise aus der US-PS 746 018 bekannt, bei flexiblen elektrischen Heizkabeln, wie sie beispielsweise für Heizdecken verwendet werden, zusätzlich zu dem Heizdraht einen Signaldraht zu wickeln. Dieser ist vom Heizdraht elektrisch getrennt. Bei einer Überhitzung des Heizkabels über einen bestimmten Punkt erhält der Signaldraht einen Stromfluß über ein Isoliermaterial, das bei niedriger Temperatur im wesentlichen ein Isolator ist, jedoch bei höheren Temperaturen elektrisch leitend wird.A large number of thermostat devices are also known, via which the tubular heater is switched off when a certain temperature is reached. For example, it is known from US Pat. No. 746,018 for winding a signal wire in addition to the heating wire in the case of flexible electrical heating cables, such as those used for electric blankets. This is electrically separated from the heating wire. If the heating cable overheats above a certain point, the signal wire receives a current flow through an insulating material which is essentially an insulator at low temperature, but becomes electrically conductive at higher temperatures.

Die bekannten Rohrheizkörper mit Überlastsicherung haben den Nachteil, daß die-Abschaltung nicht zwangsläufig bei einer genau definierten Temperatur einsetzt bzw. daß ein empfindliches und gegebenenfalls störanfälliges Gerät in der Maschine vorgesehen sein muß, welches die Abschaltung z. B. in Abhängigkeit eines bestimmten Signalstromes durchführt. Abgesehen von dem Kostenaufwand für derartige Geräte ist nicht sichergestellt, daß sie bei dem robusten Betrieb ihre Justierung beibehalten oder daß sie beispielsweise durch Überbrückung außer Funktion kommen. Insbesondere beim Auswechseln des Rohrheizkörpers ist der Funktionsmechanismus oftmals nicht mehr gewährleistet.The known tubular heaters with overload protection have the disadvantage that the shutdown does not necessarily start at a precisely defined temperature or that a sensitive and possibly fault-prone device must be provided in the machine, which can be used for the shutdown z. B. performs depending on a specific signal current. Apart from the cost of such devices, there is no guarantee that they will maintain their adjustment during robust operation or that they will become inoperative, for example due to bridging. Especially when replacing the tubular heater Functional mechanism is often no longer guaranteed.

Besonders wesentlich erscheint jedoch, daß die Überlastsicherung unabhängig von der Temperatur des Rohrheizkörpers bei einer erhöhten Stromaufnahme im Falle eines Kurzschlusses oder eines zu einem Kurzschluß führenden Zustands - wie Beginn des Durchbrennen des Rohrheizkörpers zum Mantelrohr - anspricht, daß sie andererseits jedoch nicht anspricht, wenn sich die Temperatur des Rohrheizkörpers durch Kalkansatz in noch zulässiger Weise erhöht - sie jedoch wiederum anspricht, wenn der Rohrheizkörper zu glühen beginnt oder die Temperatur der Heizwendel oder des Mantelrohres in die Nähe der Schmelztemperatur korrmt.It seems particularly important, however, that the overload safety device responds regardless of the temperature of the tubular heating element when there is an increased current draw in the event of a short circuit or a condition that leads to a short circuit - such as the start of the tubular heating element burning to the jacket tube - but that it does not respond on the other hand if the temperature of the tubular heating element is increased in a permissible manner by the addition of lime - however, it reacts when the tubular heating element begins to glow or the temperature of the heating coil or jacket tube corrimates to near the melting temperature.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Rohrheizkörper so auszubilden, daß er sich selbsttätig abschaltet, wenn seine Stromaufnahme einen genau definierten Grenzwert überschreitet oder wenn die Temperatur der Heizwendel oder des Mantelrohres in die Nähe der Schmelztemperatur gerät. Irgendwelche zusätzlichen Schalteinrichtungen im Gerät, die auf den Rohrheizkörper abgestimmt sein müssen, können bei den meisten Ausführungsformen entfallen.The invention is based on the object of designing a tubular heating element in such a way that it switches off automatically when its current consumption exceeds a precisely defined limit value or when the temperature of the heating coil or jacket tube comes close to the melting temperature. Any additional switching devices in the device, which must be matched to the tubular heater, can be omitted in most embodiments.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe ergibt sich aus den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Die Unteransprüche 2 bis 10 beschreiben bevorzugte Ausführungsformen. Die Ansprüche 11 bis 13 beschreiben ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines entsprechenden Rohrheizkörpers.The solution to the problem results from the characterizing features of claim 1. Subclaims 2 to 10 describe preferred embodiments. Claims 11 to 13 describe a method for producing a corresponding tubular heater.

Durch die neue Ausbildung des Rohrheizkörpers ergeben sich mehrere Vorteile. Da der Rohrheizkörper selbst seine genau abgestimmte Schmelzsicherung oder eine andere Überlastsicherung in seinem Anschlußende enthält, entfallen eine Reihe von Unsicherheitsfaktoren. Vor allem ist sichergestellt, daß unabhängig von den Betriebsbedingungen und der Betriebszeit des mit dem Rohrheizkörper bestückten Gerätes der Ansprechwert der Überlastsicherung zwangsläufig immer der gleiche bleiben muß. Ein beabsichtigtes oder unbeabsichtigtes Ausschalten der Sicherung ist unmögllich. Da die Sicherung nicht vom Gerätehersteller, sondern vom Rohrheizkörperhersteller montiert wird, ist auch sichergestellt, daß sie exakt auf die entsprechenden Charakteristiken des Rohrheizkörpers abgestimmt ist. So kann beispielsweise ein Rohrheizkörper derselben Ausführungsform in unterschiedlichen Qualitätsstufen und für unterschiedliche Verwendungszwecke geliefert werden. Bei einer höheren Qualitätsstufe kann beispielsweise eine etwas höhere Stromaufnahme toleriert werden, während bei einer niedrigeren Qualitätsstufe der Abschaltvorgang früher erfolgen muß. Gemäß der Erfindung ist gewährleistet, daß in jedem Fall der Rohrheizkörper die richtig abgestimmte Schmelzsicherung enthält. Weiterhin sind beabsichtigte oder unbeabsichtigte Manipulationen ausgeschlossen. So ist es beispielsweise nicht möglich, im Wege der "Selbsthilfe" die entsprechende Maschine wieder in Gang zu bringen, indem beispielsweise ein Thermostat überbrückt wird. Die in den Unteransprüchen beschriebenen Ausführungsformen besitzen noch eigene besondere Vorteile. Besonders wesentlich erscheint di.e Auswechselbarkeit der Sicherung. Wenn die Sicherung vom Rohrheizkörperhersteller ausgewechselt wird; so wird diesem eine Überprüfung der Ausfallursachen ermöglicht. Das Herstellerwerk hat einen besseren Überblick, ob ein Weiterbetrieb des Rohrheizkörpers zulässig oder wünschenswert ist oder ob dieser durch einen neuen ersetzt werden soll.The new design of the tubular heater has several advantages. Since the tubular heater itself contains its precisely coordinated fuse or other overload protection in its connection end, a number of uncertainty factors are eliminated. Above all, it is ensured that regardless of the operating conditions and the operating time of the device equipped with the tubular heater, the response value of the overload protection must inevitably always remain the same. It is impossible to switch off the fuse intentionally or unintentionally. Since the fuse is not installed by the device manufacturer, but by the tubular heater manufacturer, it is also ensured that it is exactly matched to the corresponding characteristics of the tubular heater. For example, a tubular heater of the same embodiment can be supplied in different quality levels and for different purposes. At a higher quality level, for example, a somewhat higher current consumption can be tolerated, while at a lower quality level the shutdown process must be done earlier. According to the invention it is ensured that in any case the tubular heater contains the correctly coordinated fuse. Intended or unintentional manipulation is also excluded. For example, it is not possible to get the corresponding machine going again by "self-help", for example by bridging a thermostat. The embodiments described in the subclaims also have their own particular advantages. The interchangeability of the fuse appears to be particularly important. If the fuse is replaced by the tubular heater manufacturer; this enables the causes of failure to be checked. The manufacturer has a better overview of whether continued operation of the tubular heater is permissible or desirable or whether it should be replaced by a new one.

Die beiliegenden Zeichnungen dienen der weiteen Erläuterung der Erfindung.The accompanying drawings serve to further explain the invention.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt des Anschußendes einer ersten Ausführungsform eines Rohrheizkörpers;
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt ähnlich Fig. 1 einer zweiten Ausführungsform;
  • Fig. 3 die Seitenansicht eines neuartigen Anschlußbolzens;
  • Fig. 4 eine Schnittansicht ähnlich Fig. 1 eines unter Verwendung des Anschlußbolzens gemäß Fig. 3 hergestellten Rohrheizkörpers;
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt ähnlich Fig. 1 einer Ausführungsform mit PTC-Scheiben;
  • Fig. 6 einen Schnitt ähinlich.Fig. 1 einer Ausführunsform mit Wärmefühler;
  • Fig. 7 ähnlich wie Fig. 1 einen Schnitt einer abgewandelten Ausfsührungsform.
Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a section of the connecting end of a first embodiment of a tubular heater.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section similar to FIG. 1 of a second embodiment;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a novel connector bolt.
  • 4 shows a sectional view similar to FIG. 1 of a tubular heating element produced using the connecting bolt according to FIG. 3;
  • 5 shows a section similar to FIG. 1 of an embodiment with PTC disks;
  • 6 is a section similar. 1 an embodiment with a heat sensor;
  • Fig. 7 similar to Fig. 1 shows a section of a modified embodiment.

In einem Mantelrohr 1 eines Rohrheizkörpers ist in bekannter Weise eine elektrische Heizwendel 2 in Isoliermaterial 3, z. B. Magnesiumoxid, eingebettet. Die Heizwendel 2 ist an einem Anschlußbolzen 4 befestigt, welche ein langgezogenes konisches Ende 5 besitzt, das sich an einen im wesentlichen zylindrischen Kopf anschießt. Das Anschweißen der Heizwendel 2 erfolgt vorzugsweise mit einer berührungslosen Schweißtechnik, z. B. einer Laserstrahlschweißtechnik, an der Schweißstelle 6. Über den zylindrischen Teil des Anschußbolzens 4 und die Schweißstelle 6 ist bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1 ein Anschlußrohr 7 geschoben, das auf die Schweißstelle 6 aufgepreßt ist. Das Anschlußrohr 7 wird von einer hülsenförmigen Isolierperle 8 konzentrisch im Mantelrohr 1 gehalten, wobei das Stirnende des Anschlußrohres 7 über das Stirnende der Isolierperle 8 hinausragt.In a jacket tube 1 of a tubular heater, an electric heating coil 2 in insulating material 3, for. B. magnesium oxide, embedded. The heating coil 2 is attached to a connecting bolt 4, which has an elongated conical end 5, which adjoins a substantially cylindrical head. The welding essen the heating coil 2 is preferably done with a non-contact welding technology, for. B. a laser beam welding technology, at the welding point 6. About the cylindrical part of the connecting bolt 4 and the welding point 6 in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a connecting pipe 7 is pushed, which is pressed onto the welding point 6. The connecting tube 7 is held concentrically in the jacket tube 1 by a sleeve-shaped insulating bead 8, the front end of the connecting tube 7 projecting beyond the front end of the insulating bead 8.

In das Anschlußrohr 7 ist nun eine im wesentlichen zylindrische Schmelzsicherüng 9 eingeschoben, die an einem Anschlußdrahtstück 11 befestigt ist. Über das Anschlußdrahtstück 11 ist ein Isolierschlauch 12 gezogen.An essentially cylindrical fuse 9 is now inserted into the connecting pipe 7 and is fastened to a connecting wire piece 11. An insulating tube 12 is pulled over the connecting wire piece 11.

Die im Mantelrohr I liegende Länge des Anschlußrohres 7 ist in das Isoliermaterial 3 eingebettet. Der Rohrheizkörper kann damit zur Verdichtung des Isoliermaterials 3 auf volle Länge gewalzt werden, wobei das Anschlußrohr 7 in seiner Lage entsprechend fixiert wird. Das langgezogene konische Ende 5 des Anschlußbolzens 4 ermöglicht dabei, daß sich die Preßwalzen in automatischer Steuerung entsprechend einstellen können, wobei der Walzeneingriff vergrößert, jedoch der Anpreßdruck konstant gehalten wird.The length of the connecting tube 7 lying in the casing tube I is embedded in the insulating material 3. The tubular heater can thus be rolled to the full length to compress the insulating material 3, the connecting tube 7 being fixed in its position accordingly. The elongated conical end 5 of the connecting bolt 4 enables the press rolls to be adjusted accordingly in automatic control, with the roll engagement being increased but the contact pressure being kept constant.

Der Rohrheizkörper hat also einen Doppelanschluß, wobei das über die Isolierperle 8 hinausragende Ende des Anschlußrohres 7 eine unmittelbare elektrische Verbindung zu der Heizwendel 2 besitzt, während das überstehende Ende des Anschlußdrahtes Il eine elektrische Verbindung zur Heizwendel 2 über die Schmelzsicherung 9 ermöglicht.The tubular heater thus has a double connection, the end of the connecting tube 7 projecting beyond the insulating bead 8 having a direct electrical connection to the heating coil 2, while the projecting end of the connecting wire II enables an electrical connection to the heating coil 2 via the fuse 9.

Der Rohrheizkörper kann also z. B. im Herstellerwerk zu Prüfzwecken mit einer über das Aufnahmevermögen der Schmelzsicherung 9 hinausgehenden Spannung beaufschlagt werden. Weiterhin kann über dieses Anschlußende festgestellt werden, ob die Heizwendel einschließlich ihrer Schweißstelle 6 auf dem Anschlußbolzen 4 intakt ist. Weiterhin kann das Ende des Anschlußrohres 7 für Betriebs- oder Überwachungszustände herangezogen werden, die nicht sicherungsbedürftig sind, z. B. Überwachung -der Temperatur der Heizwendel 2 durch Widerstandsmessung, laufende Kontrolle des Ableitstromes usw.The tubular radiator can, for. B. in the manufacturing plant for testing purposes with a voltage exceeding the capacity of the fuse 9. Furthermore, it can be determined via this connection end whether the heating coil including its welding point 6 on the connection bolt 4 is intact. Furthermore, the end of the connecting pipe 7 can be used for operating or monitoring conditions that are not in need of security, for. B. Monitoring the temperature of the heating coil 2 by resistance measurement, continuous control of the leakage current, etc.

Die Schmelzsicherung 9 kann einfach ausgewechselt werden, indem sie aus-dem Anschußrohr 7 herausgezogen wird.The fuse 9 can be easily replaced by pulling it out of the connecting tube 7.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Ausführungsform unterscheidet sich von der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform dadurch, daß der Anschlußbolzen 4 entfällt. Es ist ein Anschlußrohr 13 vorgesehen, dessen im Rohrheizkörper liegendes Ende 14 langgezogen konisch ausgebildet ist. Die Heizwendel 2 ist bei 15 auf dieses konische Ende 14 aufgeschweißt. Die Schmelzsicherung 9 besitzt einen entsprechend geformten Ansatz 16, der in das Ende 14 eingesteckt ist. Die Ausführungsform hat den Vorteil, daß der Anschlußbolzen 4 eingespart wird und daß die Schmelzsicherung 9 durch entsprechende Klemmung des Endes 16 besser fixiert ist. Außerdem ist die Kontaktgabe zuverlässiger.The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the connecting bolt 4 is omitted. A connecting tube 13 is provided, the end 14 of which is located in the tubular heating element and is of elongated conical design. The heating coil 2 is welded onto this conical end 14 at 15. The fuse 9 has a correspondingly shaped extension 16 which is inserted into the end 14. The embodiment has the advantage that the connecting bolt 4 is saved and that the fuse 9 is better fixed by appropriate clamping of the end 16. Contacting is also more reliable.

Die Anwendung einer berührungslosen Schweißtechnik, z.B. mittels Laserstrahlen, zur Befestigung der Heizwendel 2 ist besonders bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 von besonderer Bedeutung. Bei dem bisherigen Schweißverfahren, bei welchem die Heizwendel mittels Schweißelektroden beim Schweißvorgang angepreßt werden muß, besteht die Gefahr, daß das konisch zulaufende innere Stirnende 14 des Anschlußrohres 13 eingedrückt wird. Würde man zur Vermeidung dieser Gefahr das Anschlußrohr 13 mit größerer Wandstärke herstellen, dann würde bei einem Rohrheizkörper üblicher Dimensionierung die Stärke der Schicht aus Isolationsmaterial 3 zwischen dem Mantelrohr 1 und dem Anschlußrohr 13 zu gering. so daß die Durchschlagsfestigkeit des Rohrheizkörpers beeinträchtigt würde.The use of a contactless welding technique, for example by means of laser beams, for fastening the heating coil 2 is particularly important in the embodiment according to FIG. 2. In the previous welding process, in which the heating coil has to be pressed by means of welding electrodes during the welding process, there is a risk that the conically tapering inner end face 14 of the connecting pipe 13 will be pressed in. If one would produce the connecting pipe 13 with a greater wall thickness to avoid this danger, then the thickness of the layer of insulation material 3 between the casing pipe 1 and the pipe would be the case with a tubular heating element of conventional dimensions closing tube 13 too low. so that the dielectric strength of the tubular heater would be impaired.

Die Figuren 3 und 4 dienen der Erläuterung eines Herstellungsverfahrens, das sich besonders gut zur Massenproduktion eignet.Figures 3 and 4 serve to explain a manufacturing process that is particularly well suited for mass production.

Der zylindrische Kopf des Anschlußbolzens besitzt eine Ringnut 18, so daß der äußere zylindrische- Teil 19 leicht mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Werkzeugs abgebrochen werden kann. Da die Bruchstelle vollkommen gratfrei ist, kann über diese eine geschlitzte Hülse 20 geschoben werden, welche federnd auf dem zylindrische Restteil 21 des Anschlußbolzens aufliegt. Die Hülse 20 besteht dabei vorzugsweise aus Kupfer. Sie wird etwa bis zur Hälfte ihrer Längserstreckung auf den Teil 21 aufgeschoben. In den überstehenden Teil der Hülse 20 wird nun eine Schmelzsicherung 9 mit einem Anschlußdraht 11 eingeschoben. Die Abdichtung erfolgt durch eine entsprechend geformte Isolierstoffbuchse 22.The cylindrical head of the connecting bolt has an annular groove 18 so that the outer cylindrical part 19 can easily be broken off with the aid of a suitable tool. Since the breaking point is completely free of burrs, a slotted sleeve 20 can be pushed over it, which resiliently rests on the cylindrical remaining part 21 of the connecting bolt. The sleeve 20 is preferably made of copper. It is pushed onto part 21 about half of its length. A fuse 9 with a connecting wire 11 is now inserted into the protruding part of the sleeve 20. Sealing takes place by means of an appropriately shaped insulating material bushing 22.

Die in Fig. 5 dargestellte Ausführungsform ähnelt der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. l. Anstelle einer Schmelzsicherung 9 werden jedoch PTC-Scheiben 23 verwendet, welche unter Zwischenlage einer isolierenden Folie 24 untergebracht sind. Die PTC-Scheiben 23 bestehen aus einem Widerstandsmaterial mit positivem Temperaturgradienten. Der Stromfluß von dem Anschlußdraht 11 zu dem Anschlußbolzen 4 fällt dementsprechend mit zunehmender Erhitzung der PTC-Scheiben 23 ab. Wird also infolge Überhitzung des Rohrheizkörpers entsprechend Wärme von dem Anschlußrohr 7 aus dem Inneren des Rohrheizkörpers auf die PTC-Elemente 23 abgeleitet, so ergibt sich ein entsprechender Abfall des Stromflusses durch die Erhöhung des Widerstandes und dementsprechend ein "Herunterregeln" der Heizleistung.The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 1. Instead of a fuse 9, however, PTC disks 23 are used, which are interposed with an insulating film 24 are accommodated. The PTC disks 23 consist of a resistance material with a positive temperature gradient. The current flow from the connecting wire 11 to the connecting pin 4 accordingly drops with increasing heating of the PTC disks 23. If heat is correspondingly derived from the connecting pipe 7 from the inside of the tubular heater to the PTC elements 23 as a result of overheating of the tubular heater, there is a corresponding drop in the current flow due to the increase in resistance and accordingly a "regulation" of the heating power.

Bei höherer Leistungsaufnahme des Rohrheizkörpers wird man jedoch nicht den gesamten Stromfluß über die PTC-Elemente 23 leiten. Man kann durch eine entsprechende Relaisschaltung 25 eine Hilfsspannung zwischen dem Anschlußdrahtstück 11 und dem Anschlußrohr 7 aufbauen. Bei Abfall des Stromflusses über die PTC-Elemente 23 infolge unzulässiger Erwärmung wird dann durch das Relais die Hauptstromzufuhr abgeschaltet. Bei Verwendung derartiger Schaltungseinrichtungen ist selbstverständlich auch der umgekehrte Weg gangbar, d. h. anstelle der PTC-Elemente 23 können auch Elemente mit negativem Temperaturkoeffizienten verwendet werden, wobei dann bei steigendem Stromfluß die Abschaltung erfolgt.With higher power consumption of the tubular heater, however, the entire current flow will not be conducted via the PTC elements 23. An auxiliary voltage can be built up between the connecting wire piece 11 and the connecting tube 7 by means of a corresponding relay circuit 25. If the current flow via the PTC elements 23 drops as a result of inadmissible heating, the main current supply is then switched off by the relay. When using such circuit devices, of course, the reverse way is feasible, i. H. Instead of the PTC elements 23, elements with a negative temperature coefficient can also be used, the shutdown then taking place as the current flow increases.

Fig. 6 zeigt, daß es von Vorteil sein kann, eine entsprechende temperaturempfindliche Anordnung 26 außerhalb des Mantelrohrs 1 des Rohrheizkörpers anzuordnen. Die schematisch dargestellte Anordnung 26 kann dabei aus den beschriebenen PTC-Elementen, jedoch auch aus anderen temperaturempfindlichen Schaltteilen,wie Bimetallschaltern oder einer elektrischen Schalteinrichtung bestehen. Dadurch, daß die Schalteinrichtung 26 außen liegt und gekühlt wird, kann das Ansprechen derselben bis nahe an den Schmelzpunkt der Heizwendel oder des Mantelrohres 1 des Rohrheizkörpers verlegt werden. Auf der anderen Seite erfolgt jedoch ein Ansprechen, wenn der Stromfluß unzulässigerweise ansteigt, z. B. wenn der Rohrheizkörper durch Lichtbogenbildung von der Heizwendel 2 auf das Mantelrohr 1 durchzubrennen beginnt.Fig. 6 shows that it can be advantageous to arrange a corresponding temperature-sensitive arrangement 26 outside the casing tube 1 of the tubular heater. The schematically illustrated arrangement 26 can consist of the PTC elements described, but also of other temperature-sensitive switching parts, such as bimetallic switches or an electrical switching device. Characterized in that the switching device 26 is on the outside and is cooled, the response thereof can be moved to close to the melting point of the heating coil or the jacket tube 1 of the tubular heater. On the other hand, however, there is a response if the current flow increases inadmissibly, e.g. B. when the tubular heater begins to burn due to arcing from the heating coil 2 to the jacket tube 1.

Bei der in Fig. 7 dargestellten Ausführungsform ist der Anschlußbolzen des Rohrheizkörpers als Rohr 27 ausgebildet. In dem Rohr 27 ist eine Schmelzsicherung 9 untergebracht, die von einer Feder 28 so angedrückt wird, daß ein guter elektrischer Kontakt des inneren Anschlusses 29 gewährleistet ist.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the connecting bolt of the tubular heater is designed as a tube 27. In the tube 27, a fuse 9 is housed, which is pressed by a spring 28 so that good electrical contact of the inner connection 29 is ensured.

Claims (13)

1. Rohrheizkörper, bestehend aus einer Heizwendel (2) aus Widerstandsdraht, welche in Isoliermaterial (3) eingebettet in einem Mantelrohr (1) untergebracht ist,mit einer Über lastungssicherung, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß eine im Stromfluß zwischen der Heizwendel (2) und einem Anschluß (11) liegende Schmelzsicherung (9), mindestens ein PTC-Element (23), ein Fühler für eine elektronische Schaltung (26) oder ein Thermostat in der Nähe des Anschlußende des Rohrheizkörpers angeordnet ist.1. tubular heater, consisting of a heating coil (2) made of resistance wire, which is housed in insulating material (3) embedded in a jacket tube (1), with an overload protection, characterized in that a current flow between the heating coil (2) and a Connection (11) lying fuse (9), at least one PTC element (23), a sensor for an electronic circuit (26) or a thermostat is arranged near the connection end of the tubular heater. 2. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Schmelzsicherung (9) auswechselbar ist.2. Tubular heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuse (9) is interchangeable. 3. Rohrheizkörper nach Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß aus dem Stirnende des Mantelrohres (1) zwei getrennte elektrische Anschlüsse (7, 11) herausgeführt sind, von denen einer unmittelbar mit der Heizwendel (2) verbunden ist, während der andere über die Schmelzsicherung (9) mit der Heizwendel (2) verbunden ist, und daß die Anschlüsse (7, 11) konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet sind.3. tubular heater according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that from the end of the casing tube (1) two separate electrical connections (7, 11) are led out, one of which is directly connected to the heating coil (2), while the other is connected to the heating coil (2) via the fuse (9), and that the connections (7, 11) are arranged concentrically to one another. 4. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß ein Anschlußrohr (7, 13) vorgesehen ist, dessen Durchmesser kleiner ist als derjenige des Mantelrohres (1) und das im Mantelrohrende untergebracht ist, wobei die Schmelzsicherung (9) in das Anschlußrohr (7, 13) eingeschoben ist, daß das Anschlußrohr (7, 13) von einer hülsenförmigen Isolierperle (8) und dem Isoliermaterial (-3) konzentrisch in dem Mantelrohr (1) gehalten ist und daß die Schmelzsicherung (9) an einem Anschlußdraht (11) befestigt ist, der mit einem Isolierschlauch (12) überzogen, konzentrisch in dem Anschlußrohr (7, 13) angeordnet ist.4. tubular heater according to claim 1, characterized in that a connecting pipe (7, 13) is provided, the diameter of which is smaller than that of the casing pipe (1) and which is accommodated in the casing pipe end, the fuse (9) in the connecting pipe (7 , 13) that the connecting tube (7, 13) is held concentrically in the casing tube (1) by a sleeve-shaped insulating bead (8) and the insulating material (-3) and that the fuse (9) is connected to a connecting wire (11) is attached, which is covered with an insulating tube (12), is arranged concentrically in the connecting tube (7, 13). 5. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch g e kennzeichnet , daß die Schmelzsicherung (9) mit ihrem inneren Stirnende an dem äußeren Stirnende eines Anschußbolzens (4) anliegt, auf den die Heizwendel (2) aufgeschweißt ist.5. Tubular heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuse (9) bears with its inner end face against the outer end face of a connecting bolt (4) onto which the heating coil (2) is welded. 6. Rohrheizkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Anschlußrohr (13) ein langgezogenes, konisch zulaufendes inneres Stirnende (14) besitzt.6. tubular heater according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the connecting tube (13) has an elongated, tapered inner end face (14). 7. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Schmelzsicherung (9) eine langgezogene Spitze (16) oder einen abstehenden Anschlußdraht besitzt, die bzw. der in das konisch zulaufende Stirnende (14) des Anschlußrohres (13) eingeschoben ist und daß die Spitze (16) der Schmelzsicherung (9) oder der Anschlußdraht von einer Feder an das Stirnende (14) angedrückt wird.7. Tubular heating element according to claim 6, characterized in that the fuse (9) has an elongated tip (16) or a projecting connecting wire which is inserted into the tapered end (14) of the connecting tube (13) and that Tip (16) of the fuse (9) or the connecting wire is pressed against the front end (14) by a spring. 8. Rohrheizkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Heizwendel (2) auf den Anschlußbolzen (4) bzw. auf das Anschlußrohr (13) mittels einer berührungslosen Schweißtechnik, z. B. Laserstrahlschweißtechnik, aufgeschweißt ist.8. tubular heater according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the heating coil (2) on the connecting bolt (4) or on the connecting pipe (13) by means of a non-contact welding technology, for. B. laser beam welding technology is welded on. 9. Rohrheizkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß in das Mantelrohrende ein Rohrstück aus gut wärmeleitendem Material, vorzugsweise aus Kupfer, eingesteckt ist, und daß Widerstandselemente (23) mit positivem Temperaturgradienten oder oder ein anderer Wärmefühler mit dem Rohrstück (24) Wärmekontakt hat.9. Tubular heating element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a piece of pipe made of a good heat-conducting material, preferably made of copper, is inserted into the casing tube end, and that resistance elements (23) with a positive temperature gradient or or another heat sensor has thermal contact with the pipe section (24). 10. Rohrheizkörper nach Anspruch l, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Überlastsicherung, also die Schmelzsicherung (9), das PTC-Element (23), der Fühler (26) oder der Thermostat in einem bestimmten Abstand von dem Ende der Heizwendel (2) angeordnet ist, so daß durch die Kühlung der Überlastsicherung auch bei starkem Verkalken des Mantelrohres noch nicht genügend Wärme für ein Ansprechen der Überlastsicherung herangeführt wird und die Überlastsicherung nur auf einen unzulässig hohen Stromfluß oder auf eine Tempertur der Heizwendel (2) in der Nähe des Schmelzpunktes derselben anspricht.10. Tubular heater according to claim l, characterized in that the overload protection, that is, the fuse (9), the PTC element (23), the sensor (26) or the thermostat is arranged at a certain distance from the end of the heating coil (2) is so that the cooling of the overload protection device does not provide enough heat for the overload protection device to respond, even if the casing tube is heavily calcified, and the overload protection device only detects an impermissibly high current flow or a temperature of the heating coil (2) in the vicinity of the melting point thereof appeals. 11. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rohrheizkörpers mit einer Übelastsicherung, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß an einen Anschlußbolzen, der ein langes konisches Ende (5) und im zylindrischen Bereich (6) eine Ringnut (18) besitzt, eine Heizwendel (2) angeschweißt wird, wobei die Ringnut (18) im Abstand von der Stirnfläche des Isoliermaterials (3) liegt, ferner daß der Anschlußbolzen an der Ringnutstelle abgebrochen wird und daß auf den über das Isoliermaterial (3) überstehenden Teil des Anschlußbolzens eine satt aufsitzende Hülse (20) aufgeschoben wird, und daß in den frei bleibenden Teil der Hülse (26) eine Schmelzsicherung (9) oder eine anderes temperaturempfindliches Schalt- oder Abtastelement eingeschoben wird.11. A method for producing a tubular heater with an overload protection, characterized in that a heating coil (2) is welded to a connecting bolt which has a long conical end (5) and an annular groove (18) in the cylindrical region (6), whereby the annular groove (18) is at a distance from the end face of the insulating material (3), further that the connecting bolt is broken off at the annular groove location and that the protruding from the insulating material (3) Part of the connecting bolt, a fully seated sleeve (20) is pushed on, and that a fuse (9) or another temperature-sensitive switching or sensing element is inserted into the remaining part of the sleeve (26). 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß ein Anschlußbolzen verwendet wird mit an einem konischen Ende, dessen Länge mindestens dem Fünffachen des Außendurchmessers des Mantelrohres (1) entspricht, einem zylindrischen Absatz, an dem die Heizwendel mittels eines berührungslosen Schweißverfahrens, z. B. eines Laserstrahlschweißverfahrens, angeschweißt wird.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that a connecting bolt is used with at a conical end, the length of which corresponds to at least five times the outer diameter of the casing tube (1), a cylindrical shoulder on which the heating coil by means of a non-contact welding process, for. B. a laser beam welding process is welded. 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Hülse (20) geschlitzt ist, so daß sie federnd auf dem zylindrischen Restteil (21) des Anschlußbolzens bzw. auf der Schmelzsicherung (9) aufsitzt.13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the sleeve (20) is slotted so that it rests resiliently on the cylindrical remnant part (21) of the connecting bolt or on the fuse (9).
EP83101305A 1982-02-12 1983-02-11 Cartridge heater with an overload cut-out Expired - Lifetime EP0086465B2 (en)

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AT83101305T ATE23010T1 (en) 1982-02-12 1983-02-11 TUBULAR HEATING ELEMENT WITH AN OVERLOAD PROTECTION.

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DE3204875A DE3204875C2 (en) 1982-02-12 1982-02-12 Tubular heater with an overload protection
DE3204875 1982-02-12

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EP0086465B1 EP0086465B1 (en) 1986-10-15
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3204875A1 (en) 1983-09-01
EP0086465B1 (en) 1986-10-15
DE3367064D1 (en) 1986-11-20
DE3204875C2 (en) 1985-02-07
ATE23010T1 (en) 1986-11-15
EP0086465B2 (en) 1991-03-06

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