EP0317563B2 - Verbesserungen in oder bezüglich des druckens - Google Patents

Verbesserungen in oder bezüglich des druckens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0317563B2
EP0317563B2 EP87904913A EP87904913A EP0317563B2 EP 0317563 B2 EP0317563 B2 EP 0317563B2 EP 87904913 A EP87904913 A EP 87904913A EP 87904913 A EP87904913 A EP 87904913A EP 0317563 B2 EP0317563 B2 EP 0317563B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
ink
screen printing
printing
printing ink
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87904913A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0317563A1 (de
EP0317563B1 (de
Inventor
Richard Frederick Small
Lascelle Augustus Barrow
Barry Martin Dix
Dakshesh Shashikant Patel
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Small Products Ltd
Original Assignee
Small Products Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority claimed from GB868618595A external-priority patent/GB8618595D0/en
Priority claimed from GB868619245A external-priority patent/GB8619245D0/en
Application filed by Small Products Ltd filed Critical Small Products Ltd
Priority to AT87904913T priority Critical patent/ATE58091T1/de
Publication of EP0317563A1 publication Critical patent/EP0317563A1/de
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Publication of EP0317563B1 publication Critical patent/EP0317563B1/de
Publication of EP0317563B2 publication Critical patent/EP0317563B2/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
    • C09D11/101—Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/12—Stencil printing; Silk-screen printing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to printing and in particular to screen printing (commonly known as silk screen printing).
  • silk screen printing commonly known as silk screen printing
  • the silk screen printing process involves the use of a screen of silk, polyester, nylon, metal gauze or any other suitable mesh-like or perforated material.
  • silk screen printing will be used herein and it will be appreciated that no restriction to "silk” material is thereby intended.
  • the printing inks required for screen printing are quite different from those to be used for other forms of printing.
  • the screen printing inks being generally used at present are organic solvent-based and usually contain ethyl or nitro cellulose resins. They are dried in warm air tunnels by driving off the organic solvents, and are thus potentially hazardous to the printing operatives.
  • Another problem which arises with such organic solvent-based screen printing inks relates to solvent loss from the ink on the printing screen whereby the ink increases in viscosity and after a certain period of time will not properly pass through the open areas of the printing mesh. This "drying in” results in loss of printed image and is described as screen stability, i.e. inks with poor screen stability "dry in” rapidly.
  • the formulations use raw materials which do not increase in their viscosity on the printing screen but instead dry by exposure to intense Ultra Violet light.
  • This means that this type of ink has almost unlimited screen stability compared to non-UV curing, organic solvent-based, screen printing inks.
  • UV-curing inks are expensive, and leave a very thick print coat on the paper surface - particularly where multi-colour, e.g. four-colour, silk screen printing is effected.
  • Posters printed with offset litho inks have less tendency to curl when they dry out compared to those. produced with screen printing inks. As the screen printing process achieves its high quality print appearance by a much higher ink deposit, the curl problem is pronounced with screen printing inks. Therefore the adhesives used with screen printed posters need to have better adhesion properties to prevent overlap curl.
  • a method of multi-colour, half-tone screen printing upon a poster paper substrate utilising a water-based screen ink the method being characterised by the steps of:
  • the first half-tone screen printing is of the predominant colour separation image, of a colour composition
  • the or each subsequent half-tone screen printing is of the or each other colour separation image of the said colour composition.
  • printing is effected on a cylinder action screen printing press.
  • the printed sheet can be readily fed again through the screen printing machine to be overprinted with the subsequent printing(s).
  • Said first silk screen printing may be effected utilising an organic solvent-based printing ink, or a non-aqueous printing ink that is curable by irradiation, or an aqueous ink of high solid and low water content, e.g. water content less than 20%.
  • the printing ink used for the first printing in effect seals the surface of the paper sheet thereby reducing the risk of damage to the sheet from the water content of the water-based printing ink.
  • said water-based printing ink used for the or each subsequent printing is at least partially curable by irradiation.
  • irradiation refers to electromagnetic radiations having wavelengths shorter than those of the visible spectrum. The term thus includes ultra-violet (UV) and electron beam radiations.
  • the water-based printing ink used for the or each subsequent printing comprises one or more photoinitiators and is at least partially curable by irradiation comprising electromagnetic radiations in the ultra-violet light waveband.
  • the water-based ink used for the or each subsequent printing may be at least partially curable by irradiation with an electron beam.
  • photoiniator(s) may be omitted from the printing ink composition.
  • the water-based printing ink used for the or each subsequent printing is subjected to heat or to thermal radiation, e.g. is subjected to electromagnetic radiations in the infra-red light waveband, prior to curing.
  • the print is subjected to cold air from a jet air dryer or is subjected to microwave or radio frequency drying.
  • said water-based ink used for the or each subsequent printing comprises an unsaturated acrylate resin, e.g. a polyester acrylate resin.
  • the water-based screen printing ink used for the or each subsequent printing comprises an emulsion of a resin in water.
  • the emulsion has said resin wholly, or at least substantially, as the dispersed phase and wholly, or at least substantially, insoluble in water, water being the continuous phase of the emulsion.
  • said resin comprises 30% to 60% (preferably 50%) of the emulsion.
  • Preferably said method is employed to screen print a plurality of colours upon a sheet and, after printing, the printed sheet is subjected to corona discharge to render the sheet readily mountable, e.g. upon a hoarding, by use of a starch-based adhesive.
  • the corona discharge provides miniscule perforations through the printing ink which enable the adhesive to extend through the sheet to provide a "keying" effect facilitating the efficient bonding together of overlapping marginal edges of adjacent sheets.
  • the following relates to the production of individual silk screen printed sheets and their treatment for application onto hoarding sites in accord with embodiments of the present invention.
  • the embodiments are concerned with the usual combinations of multiple sheet posters (e.g. "16 sheet”, “48 sheet” or “96 sheet” posters) for pasting up onto large hoardings.
  • the screen printing method used in these embodiments may be for the production of four colour halftone prints as well as continuous line and tone colour prints.
  • the following embodiments of this invention concern the screen ink used to print the sheets.
  • the first colour printed is with a non-aqueous UV-curing printing ink of cyan shade, e.g. a screen ink having a composition in accord with Example 6 below.
  • the first colour printed is with an organic solvent-based printing ink of cyan shade, e.g. a screen ink having a composition in accord with Example 7 below.
  • the first colour printed is with a slightly aqueous (i.e. less than 20%), predominantly solids (i.e. greater than 80%), screen printing ink of appropriate, e.g. cyan, shade.
  • the screen ink employed for the first printing in this case preferably has a composition in accord with Example 8 below.
  • the screen ink employed for the first colour is of cyan shade
  • the colour can be any other primary trichromatic colour, and usually will be the predominant or principal colour produced by the photographic colour separation of the original.
  • each of the subsequent colours printed in superimposition on the first colour is screen printed in a water-based, UV-curing ink.
  • the water-based, UV-curing screen ink comprises an emulsion of a resin in water, said resin being wholly (or at least substantially) in dispersed phase and wholly (or at least substantially) insoluble in the water, the water being the continuous phase of the emulsion.
  • the screen printing ink employed for the or each subsequent printing contains water, is water miscible and is water thinnable to a considerable extent, but the water is to be regarded as a carrier or diluent (rendering the ink aqueously reducible in viscosity) rather than as a solvent.
  • the ink employed for the or each superimposed printing contains at least 40% water.
  • the water-based printing ink employed for the or each subsequent printing has a composition comprising an Ultra Violet curing resin emulsified with water, a photinitiator and an aqueous pigment dispersion.
  • a composition comprising an Ultra Violet curing resin emulsified with water, a photinitiator and an aqueous pigment dispersion.
  • Example 1 A composition as formulated in Example 1 was printed through a screen made from 165 threads per cm polyester mesh half-calendered. The calendered side was positioned face down towards the substrate, ie. M.G. (machine glazed) poster paper. The stencil was made from direct emulsion using a half-tone positive. The print was produced on an S.P.S. cylinder action screen printing press. The ink was dried through a two lamp S.P.S. U.V. dryer (rated at 300 watt per inch). The resultant dried print was a good half tone image of high definition.
  • Example 2 A composition as formulated in Example 2 was printed and dried in the same manner as for Example 1. The resultant dried print was a good half tone image of high definition.
  • Example 3 A composition formulated as in Example 3 was printed and dried in the same manner as for Example 1. The resultant dried print was a good half tone image of high definition.
  • Trichromatic yellow, magenta, cyan and black were made for container storage stability trials.
  • a fourth embodiment was devised in which the n-vinyl pyrrolidone and the photoinitiator mixture were replaced by a solvent, ethoxy-propanol and a single initiator compound rather than the mixture of photoinitiators.
  • the calcium carbonate extender was also omitted as this was not now required to obtain an acceptable raw material cost.
  • a thickening agent was introduced to maintain the ink at a printable viscosity.
  • Example 4 A specific formulation of this fourth embodiment, in which (as before) the resin amounted to 50% of the emulsion, is provided in Example 4.
  • Example 4 A composition formulated as in Example 4 was printed and dried in the same manner as for Example 1. The resultant dried print was a good half tone image of high definition.
  • a fifth embodiment was devised in which the ethoxy propanol was replaced by a mixture of water and an acrylic monomer - Tripropylene glycol diacrylate (T.P.G.D.A.) - for maintaining the appropriate dispersion of the resin solids.
  • T.P.G.D.A. acrylic monomer - Tripropylene glycol diacrylate
  • Example 5 A composition formulated as in Example 5 was printed and dried in the same manner as for Example 1. The resultant dried print was a good half tone image of high definition.
  • Example 6 A composition formulated as in Example 6 was printed and dried in the same manner as for Example 1. The resultant dried print was a good half tone image of high definition.
  • a composition formulated as in Example 7 was printed through a screen made from 140 threads per cm polyester mesh.
  • the stencil was made from direct emulsion using a half tone positive.
  • the print was produced on a Svecia cylinder action screen printing press.
  • the ink was dried through a warm air jet dryer.
  • the resultant dried print was a good half tone image of high definition.
  • Example 8 A composition formulated as in Example 8 was printed and dried in the same manner as for Example 1. The resultant dried print was a good half tone image of high definition.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Claims (29)

  1. Verfahren für den Vielfarben-Seiden(Schablonen)druck auf Plakatpapiersubstrat unter Verwendung von Siebdruckfarben auf Wasserbasis, gekennzeichnet durch :
    (a) das Durchführen eines ersten farbigen Seiden(Schablonen)druckvorganges auf dem Plakatpapiersubstrat unter Verwendung einer Farbe, die eine minimale Einringelung des Substratrandes bewirkt, und
    (b) das Durchführen von zumindest einem nachfolgenden Seiden-(Schablonen) druckvorganges auf dem bedruckten Substrat aus Schritt (a) mit einer anderen Farbe und in einer Weise, daß eine allfällige Einringelung des Randes geringer ist als jene Einringelung, die bei Durchführung des ersten und des nachfolgenden Seiden-(Schablonen)druckvorganges mit der besagten Farbe auf Wasserbasis aufgetreten ware.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Seiden(Schablonen)druckvorgang mit der vorherrschenden Farbe des farbgetrennten Bildes einer Farbzusammensetzung und der oder jeder nachfolgende Seiden(Schablonen)druckvorgang mit der oder jeden anderen Farbe des farbgetrennten Bildes der besagten Farbzusammensetzung durchgefiihrt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckfarbe fur den ersten Seiden(Schablonen)-Siebdruckvorgang mit einer nicht wässrigen Druckfarbe erfolgt, die zumindest teilweise durch Bestrahlung aushärtbar ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht wässrige, durch Bestrahlung härtbare Druckfarbe einen oder mehrere Photoinitiatoren aufweist und durch Bestrahlung mittels elektromagnetischer Strahlen im Ultraviolettlicht-Wellenband aushärtbar ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht wässrige Druckfarbe durch Bestrahlung mit einem Elektronenstrahl aushärtbar ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht wässrige Siebdruckfarbe, die durch Bestrahlung aushärtbar ist, aufweist:
    Figure imgb0021
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckfarbe für den ersten Druckvorgang eine auf einem organischen Lösusgsmittel basierende Druckfarbe aufweist.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf einem organischen Lösungsmittel basierende Siebdruckfarbe aufweist:
    Figure imgb0022
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welchem die Druckfarbe für den ersten Siebdruckvorgang eine wässrige Farbe von geringem Wasser- und hohem Feststoffgehalt aufweist.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wässrige Farbe für den ersten Siebdruckvorgang aufweist.
    Figure imgb0023
  11. Verfahren, nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Farbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge zumindest 40% Wasser enthält.
  12. Verfahren, nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der oder jeder der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge unter Verwendung einer auf Wasser basierenden Druckfarbe durchgeführt wird, welche zumindest teilweise durch Bestrahlung härtbar ist.
  13. Verfahren, nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge aus einer Zusammensetzung besteht, die einen oder mehrere Photoinitiatoren aufweist und die zumindest teilweise durch Bestrahlung mittels elektromagnetischer Bestrahlung im Ultraviolettlicht-Wellenband aushärtbar ist.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge zumindest teilweise durch Bestrahlung mit einem Elektronenstrahl aushärtbar ist.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede der für den oder die darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge verwendeten auf Wasser basierenden Druckfarben vor dem Aushärten einer Erwärmung oder einer thermischen Bestrahlung ausgesetzt wird.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge vor dem Aushärten elektromagnetischen Bestrahlungen im Infrarotlicht-Wellenband ausgesetzt wird.
  17. Verfahren, nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge ein ungesättigtes Acrylatharz aufweist.
  18. Verfahren, nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge ein Polyesteracrylatharz aufweist.
  19. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge eine Emulsion eines Harzes in Wasser aufweist.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Emulsion das Harz zur Gänze oder zumindest im wesentlichen in dispergierter Phase und zur Gänze oder zumindest im wesentlichen unlöslich im Wasser enthält, wobei das Wasser die kontinuierliche Phase der Emulsion darstellt.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 19 oder 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Harz zwischen 30% und 60% der Emulsion bildet.
  22. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Harz 50% der Emulsion bildet.
  23. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge aufweist:
    Figure imgb0024
  24. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge aufweist:
    Figure imgb0025
  25. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge aufweist:
    Figure imgb0026
  26. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge aufweist:
    Figure imgb0027
  27. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf Wasser basierende Druckfarbe für den oder jeden der darauffolgenden Siebdruckvorgänge aufweist:
    Figure imgb0028
  28. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche in Verwendung für das Siebdrucken einer Mehrzahl von Farben auf einem Blatt und dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Drucken das bedruckte Blatt einer Glimmentladung ausgesetzt wird, um das Blatt für das Anbringen mittels eines auf Stärke basierenden Klebers geeignet zu machen.
  29. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Druckvorgang auf einer automatischen Siebdruckpresse durchgeführt wird.
EP87904913A 1986-07-30 1987-07-30 Verbesserungen in oder bezüglich des druckens Expired - Lifetime EP0317563B2 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87904913T ATE58091T1 (de) 1986-07-30 1987-07-30 Verbesserungen in oder bezueglich des druckens.

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8618595 1986-07-30
GB868618595A GB8618595D0 (en) 1986-07-30 1986-07-30 Printing
GB868619245A GB8619245D0 (en) 1986-07-30 1986-08-06 Printing
GB8619245 1986-08-06
PCT/GB1987/000541 WO1988000889A1 (en) 1986-07-30 1987-07-30 Improvements in or relating to printing

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0317563A1 EP0317563A1 (de) 1989-05-31
EP0317563B1 EP0317563B1 (de) 1990-11-07
EP0317563B2 true EP0317563B2 (de) 1994-05-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87904913A Expired - Lifetime EP0317563B2 (de) 1986-07-30 1987-07-30 Verbesserungen in oder bezüglich des druckens

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4927663A (de)
EP (1) EP0317563B2 (de)
JP (1) JPH01503771A (de)
AU (1) AU593938B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1288296C (de)
DK (1) DK168110B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2004960A6 (de)
FI (1) FI890431A0 (de)
GR (1) GR871219B (de)
WO (1) WO1988000889A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR871218B (en) * 1986-07-30 1987-12-04 Small Prod Ltd Improvements in or relating to printing
FR2641736B1 (fr) * 1989-01-17 1995-09-01 Riso Kagaku Corp Procede et dispositif de formation d'une image, image obtenue et materiau de formation d'une image, utilise a cet effet
BR9206346A (pt) * 1991-08-09 1995-04-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Composição química à base de água, e, processo de impressão em tela.
US5709038A (en) * 1993-09-24 1998-01-20 Optimum Air Corporation Automated air filtration and drying system for waterborne paint and industrial coatings
US5562951A (en) * 1995-05-01 1996-10-08 Revlon Consumer Products Corporation Method for printing articles with multiple radiation curable compositions
JP3877802B2 (ja) * 1995-05-02 2007-02-07 株式会社リコー エマルジョンインク及びこれを用いた印刷方法
AU6316498A (en) * 1997-01-15 1998-08-07 Optimum Air Corporation System and method for drying and curing waterbased coatings
DE10041934A1 (de) * 2000-08-25 2002-03-07 Roland Man Druckmasch Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Druckprodukten
US7455877B2 (en) * 2003-11-25 2008-11-25 Vin Mark Security Services, Llc Vehicle identification marking system
US7566473B2 (en) * 2003-11-25 2009-07-28 Vin Mark Security Services, Llc Vehicle identification marking system
US8109211B2 (en) * 2009-03-24 2012-02-07 Ideon Llc Method of gravure printing with liquid radiation curable inks
CN104553409B (zh) * 2014-12-30 2017-12-22 宁波创源文化发展股份有限公司 一种软木纸的丝网印刷方法
CN106068313B (zh) * 2015-01-27 2018-11-23 帝国油墨制造股份公司 高质量·高精细丝网印刷用油墨组合物、该油墨组合物制成的印刷物及该印刷物的制造方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3499781A (en) * 1964-09-02 1970-03-10 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Process for producing multiple layer colored coating using actinic irradiation
US3470054A (en) * 1965-03-15 1969-09-30 John J Tyrrell Method of process color printing with water-base inks
US3429852A (en) * 1967-03-30 1969-02-25 Nat Starch Chem Corp Ethylenically unsaturated derivatives of benzophenone and crosslinkable polymers thereof
US4113895A (en) * 1976-11-19 1978-09-12 American Can Company Method for producing multilayered coated substrate
DE3368949D1 (en) * 1982-10-08 1987-02-12 Johnson Matthey Plc Printing ink

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2004960A6 (es) 1989-02-16
EP0317563A1 (de) 1989-05-31
EP0317563B1 (de) 1990-11-07
FI890431L (fi) 1989-01-27
DK169288A (da) 1988-03-28
JPH01503771A (ja) 1989-12-21
WO1988000889A1 (en) 1988-02-11
US4927663A (en) 1990-05-22
FI890431A7 (fi) 1989-01-27
JPH0515388B2 (de) 1993-03-01
FI890431A0 (fi) 1989-01-27
DK169288D0 (da) 1988-03-28
DK168110B1 (da) 1994-02-14
GR871219B (en) 1987-12-11
CA1288296C (en) 1991-09-03
AU7780487A (en) 1988-02-24
AU593938B2 (en) 1990-02-22

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