EP0314552B1 - Röntgenstrahlung erzeugende Anordnung mit Vollschutz gegen Leckstrahlung - Google Patents

Röntgenstrahlung erzeugende Anordnung mit Vollschutz gegen Leckstrahlung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0314552B1
EP0314552B1 EP19880402662 EP88402662A EP0314552B1 EP 0314552 B1 EP0314552 B1 EP 0314552B1 EP 19880402662 EP19880402662 EP 19880402662 EP 88402662 A EP88402662 A EP 88402662A EP 0314552 B1 EP0314552 B1 EP 0314552B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheath
orifice
electrically insulating
receptacle
shield
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19880402662
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0314552A1 (de
Inventor
Emile Cabinet Ballot-Schmit Gabbay
Jacques Cabinet Ballot-Schmit Leguen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric CGR SA
Original Assignee
General Electric CGR SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric CGR SA filed Critical General Electric CGR SA
Publication of EP0314552A1 publication Critical patent/EP0314552A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0314552B1 publication Critical patent/EP0314552B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/10—Organic substances; Dispersions in organic carriers
    • G21F1/103—Dispersions in organic carriers
    • G21F1/106—Dispersions in organic carriers metallic dispersions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • H05G1/04—Mounting the X-ray tube within a closed housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an X-ray emitting device of the type in which an X-ray tube contained in a sheath is supplied with high voltage via at least one electrical connection device mounted on the sheath.
  • the invention particularly relates to means for producing shielding for protection against leakage X-rays.
  • X-rays are generally produced using an X-ray tube.
  • the X-ray tube is contained in a metal sheath filled with an electrically insulating oil, the sheath being intended in particular to ensure the protection of users against electric shocks and X-rays; the sheath equipped with an X-ray tube being called an X-ray assembly.
  • the supply elements of the X-ray tube, and in particular the elements of a high-voltage generator producing the high supply voltage of the X-ray tube are grouped in another enclosure located at a distance from the X-ray assembly. .
  • one or more cables with high electrical insulation carry the positive and negative polarities of the high voltage into the sheath containing the X-ray tube, via connection devices. electric.
  • Such an electrical connection device is formed in two parts, one of which, called receptacle, constitutes a female part permanently fixed to the sheath; the other part constitutes a male part or end piece intended to be fitted into the receptacle and which is integral with the cable.
  • the receptacle and the end piece are made of electrically insulating materials, and have shapes and dimensions imposed by international standards.
  • the sheath is brought to ground or earth potential, as well as an outer casing of the cable (s); one of the manufacturers' constant concerns being that all the external surfaces of the sheath, of the connection device, and of the cables are metallic, and that there is electrical continuity between all of these members.
  • the electrical contact (s) which are made by an electrical connection device, are made in the bottom of the receptacle between contact members secured to the end piece and, second contact members secured to the receptacle and which pass through the bottom wall of the latter and thus open inside the sheath.
  • the receptacle plunges deep enough inside the sheath, so that the end of the second contact element opens out inside the sheath at a sufficient distance from the internal wall of the latter, to avoid electrical breakdown between the metallic sheath which is grounded, and this contact element which is at the potential of the high voltage.
  • this contact is connected by a connecting wire to the cathode of the X-ray tube, and the anode of the latter is brought to positive polarity by another connection, inside the sheath, between the anode and another contact member of another electrical connection device.
  • X-ray radiation is produced under the effect of the bombardment of an anode by an electron beam.
  • a focal point is formed, which constitutes the source of the X-rays.
  • the X-rays are emitted in all directions, and only a fraction of this X-rays, called the useful beam, is used to produce images of an object.
  • the useful beam leaves the sheath through an exit window which absorbs very little X-ray radiation.
  • the interior walls of the sheath are coated with '' a layer of lead which constitutes a shielding against X-ray radiation.
  • the layer of lead has a thickness of approximately 3mm, which makes it possible to absorb most of the X-ray produced by the X-ray tube when it is operating under the maximum expected high voltage supply voltage, that is to say usually of the order of 150 KV.
  • the lead layer is stopped around the holes in which the electrical connection receptacles are inserted, so that these holes are not shielded and allow the emitted X-ray sheath to exit in their direction.
  • These parasitic X-rays or leakage X-rays which exit from the sheath outside the exit window, can reach energies close to those of the useful beam, and represent a significant danger for users.
  • a known solution to this problem consists in placing the orifices, intended to receive the receptacles for electrical connectors, outside of areas accessible to emitted X-rays. directly from the fireplace.
  • This solution is interesting, but it only makes it possible to limit the amount of leakage X-rays, in particular because by secondary radiation effects, X-rays can have in the sheath all directions.
  • the invention relates to an X-ray assembly of the type described above, the arrangement of which makes it possible to suppress all leakage radiation, in particular at the level of the electrical connection device (s), without requiring any particular positions of these electrical connection devices, and while retaining the required electrical insulation qualities.
  • an X-ray assembly comprising an X-ray tube placed in a protective sheath filled with an electrically insulating fluid and pierced at least by an orifice in which is mounted an electrical connection device with a cable with high electrical insulation used to supply the tube with high voltage, said sheath comprising a first shield against X-radiation on its internal walls and a second shield disposed at the orifice absorbing the X-rays emitted in the sheath in the direction of said orifice , and characterized in that the second shield is constituted by a bell-shaped screen fixed to the sheath around the orifice and made of an electrically insulating material charged with a material with high atomic number, intended to suppress leakage X-rays at the level of electrical connection devices.
  • the figure shows an X-ray unit 1, the representation of which is limited to the means useful for understanding the invention.
  • the radiogenic assembly 1 comprises a metal sheath 2, made of aluminum for example.
  • the sheath 2 contains an X-ray tube 3 and an insulating oil 4 in which the X-ray tube is immersed 3.
  • the X-ray tube 3 is of a conventional type comprising in particular a casing 5 in which are contained a cathode 6 and an anode 7.
  • the anode 7 is a rotating anode whose rotation about an axis of rotation 8 is obtained using a rotor 9 and a stator 10 which is outside the casing 5; the anode 7 is secured to the rotor 9 by a metal support axis 11, and the rotor 9 is carried by a metallic support shaft 12 which is also fixed to a first end 13 of the casing 5.
  • the cathode 6 is carried in screw with respect to the anode 7 by a support 14, which is fixed to a second end 15 of the envelope 5.
  • the cathode 6 is electrically connected in a conventional manner (not shown) to watertight electrical bushings 16,17 which is provided the second end 15 of the envelope 7.
  • the cathode 6 is of a traditional type comprising one or more filaments (not shown), one end of which is connected to the cathode 6 itself, so that for both connecting the cathode 6 at high voltage and supply the cathode filament (s) with heating voltage, just connect cathode 6 to the negative polarity of high voltage and add a filament connection to supply. Also, assuming that the cathode has a single filament, two watertight electrical bushings 16, 17 are enough, the first bushing 16 being connected both to the cathode 6 itself and to one end of the filament and the second bushing 17 being connected to the other end of the filament.
  • the high supply voltage of the X-ray tube 3 is produced by a high voltage generator (not shown) which is located outside the sheath 2.
  • the high voltage generator is placed inside an enclosure (not shown) also containing means for supplying a first and a second low voltage used respectively for heating the filament contained in the cathode 6 and for supplying the stator 10; the negative polarity of the high voltage being connected, in this enclosure, to one of the poles of the first low voltage.
  • the high voltage supply to the X-ray tube 3 is of the symmetrical type, that is to say that the negative and positive polarities of the high voltage are respectively negative and positive with respect to the sheath potential 2 which is connected to earth or ground.
  • the negative polarity -HT of the high voltage as well as the first low voltage used to heat the filament contained in the cathode 6, are transported to the interior of the sheath 2 using a first cable with high insulation electrical 20, via a first electrical connection device 21.
  • the positive + HT polarity of the high voltage as well as the second low voltage used to supply the stator 10 are transported into the sheath 2 , by a second cable with high electrical insulation 22, by means of a second electrical connection device 23.
  • the electrical connection devices 21, 23 are of the same type, and each comprise an end piece 25, 26 and a receptacle 27, 28 made of an electrically insulating material.
  • the first end-piece 25 which extends the first cable 20, is engaged in the first receptacle 27, and the second end-piece 26 which extends the second cable 22 is engaged in the second receptacle 28.
  • the sheath 2 has a first and a second orifices 29, 30 in which the first and second receptacles 27,28 are inserted respectively, which are thus immersed in the sheath 2.
  • two wires (not shown) contained in the first cable 20 are each connected to a male contact 31, 32; these male contacts protrude from the end 33 of the first end piece 25 and are respectively engaged in a first and a second female contact 35, 36 belonging to the first receptacle 27.
  • the female contacts 35, 36 are mounted in a bottom wall 37 of the receptacle 27, and pass through this bottom wall in a sealed manner.
  • the first female contact 35 which carries the negative polarity -HT, is connected in the sheath 2 to the first electrical bushing 16 by a first link 37, and the second female contact 36 is connected to the second electrical bushing 17 by a second link 38; the connections of cathode 6 being thus made.
  • the orifices 29.30 are formed by the interior of protrusions in the form of a tube 40 in which the receptacles 27, 28 and the end pieces 25, 27 are fixed in a conventional manner, so as to maintain the tightness of the sheath 2; the elements used for these fasteners are well known, and they are not shown for clarity of the description.
  • the second electrical connector 23 is constituted in the same way as the first electrical connector 21: the second receptacle 28 comprises a third and a fourth female contacts 41, 42 which open into the sheath 2; a third and a fourth male contacts 43,44 belonging to the second endpiece 26, are engaged respectively in the third and fourth female contacts 41,42.
  • the third female contact 41 carries the positive + HT polarity of the high voltage, and this third female contact 41 is connected to the support shaft 13 by a third link 48, so that the anode 7 is connected to the positive polarity + HT via the support axis 11, the rotor 9 and the support shaft 12.
  • the stator 10 is brought to the positive polarity of the high voltage + HT, c that is to say that one of these inputs 46 is connected to the third female contact 41 which not only transports the positive + HT polarity of the high voltage, but also transports one of the polarities of the second low voltage intended for the 'stator 10 supply; the second polarity of the second low voltage being introduced into the sheath 2, by the fourth female contact 42 which is connected to a second input 47 of the stator 10, by a fourth connection 49.
  • the cathode 6 produces an electron beam 51 which bombards the anode 7 and generates on the latter a focal point 52 representing the source of X-radiation which, from the focal point 52, is emitted in all directions. .
  • a fraction of this X-ray radiation constitutes a useful beam 53 which leaves the sheath 2 through a window 54 which has little absorption of X-ray radiation.
  • X-rays (not represented are emitted in all directions, not only from the focal point 52 which constitutes the source of the primary X-ray, but also from any points inside the sheath 2 where objects can be struck by secondary electrons, or, by X-rays of the primary radiation which generate a scattered X-ray which, itself, can undergo multiple diffusions.
  • a shield consisting of a layer of lead 56.
  • the lead layer 56 is stopped around the orifices 29.30; so that an X-ray, called leakage X-ray, can escape from the sheath 2 through these orifices 29.30.
  • the first X-ray shielding constituted by the lead layer 56, is completed by a screen or second shielding which is both electrically insulating and absorbing X-ray radiation, and which is arranged at the level orifices 29.30 in order to suppress leakage X-rays at the level of the latter.
  • this screen or second shield is constituted by the receptacles 27, 28 themselves.
  • the receptacles 27, 28 are made from an electrically insulating material, such as for example an epoxy resin, which is charged with a material with a high atomic number, so as to constitute a material which is both electrically insulating. and absorbing X-rays.
  • These high atomic number materials can be electrically insulating materials such as, for example, oxides of tungsten, uranium, thorium or even lead such as minium.
  • these materials with a high atomic number can also be electrically conductive materials such as in particular bismuth, tungsten, uranium, thorium, lead.
  • electrically conductive materials such as in particular bismuth, tungsten, uranium, thorium, lead.
  • an epoxy resin charged, for example, up to 50% in lead or tungsten on the one hand retains largely sufficient electrical insulating properties with respect to the values of alternating or continuous voltages ( 150 KV) which are necessary for the operation of a conventional X-ray tube.
  • the epoxy resin thus loaded with a material with a high atomic number, and having a thickness of the order of 7 to 8 mm absorbs X-ray radiation in substantially the same way as the layer of lead having a thickness of the order of 3mm.
  • This solution to the shielding of the orifices 29.30 is particularly advantageous, in that it does not compromise the electrical insulation inside the enclosure 2, and does not require any additional work during the mounting of the receptacles 27, 28 in the sheath 2.
  • additional work is required to load the chosen base material, epoxy resin for example, with a powder of a material with a high atomic number.
  • the method used to obtain the material which is both electrically insulating and absorbent is substantially the same as that which is used to reinforce a resin, by light metals or by glass fibers.
  • the particle size of this powder is of the order of 10 to 100 microns.
  • the receptacles 27, 28 can be obtained by molding for example, so as to have an appropriate thickness e , that is to say about 7 mm, particularly as regards the bottom wall 37; it should be noted that such a thickness e corresponds substantially to the thickness of the partitions of the receptacles produced according to the prior art.
  • the ends 25, 26 can also be made of an electrically insulating and absorbing material of X-ray in order to constitute the second shield, or also so as to add their mass to that of the receptacles 27, 28, this which reduces the thickness e of the latter. But the end pieces 25, 26 are integral with the cables 20, 21 which can be replaced, so it is preferable to give the receptacles 27, 28 directly the appropriate thickness e to suppress leakage radiation.
  • a screen 60, 61 in the shape of a bell and made of an electrically insulating material charged by a high atomic number material as explained above; these bell-shaped screens 60, 61 being fixed to the sheath 2, and having small openings 62 intended to allow the passage of the insulating oil 4 and electrical connections 37, 38 to the X-ray tube 3.
  • the screens 60, 61 can be produced in a sandwich structure in which, a layer 70 of a material with a high atomic number such as lead for example, is coated between two layers 71, 72 of a conventional electrically insulating material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Strahlenerzeugungsanordnung mit einer Röntgenröhre (3), die in einem Schutzmantel (2) angeordnet ist, der mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Fluid gefüllt und durch wenigstens eine Öffnung (29, 30) durchbrochen ist, in der eine elektrische Anschlußvorrichtung (21, 23) mit einem elektrisch hochisolierten Kabel (20, 22), das zur Hochspannungsversorgung der Röhre dient, angebracht ist, wobei der Mantel eine erste Abschirmung ( 56) gegen die Röntgenstrahlung an seinen Innenwänden sowie eine zweite Abschirmung aufweist, die auf der Höhe der Öffnung (29, 30) angeordnet ist und die in dem Mantel in Richtung zur Öffnung emittierten Röntgenstrahlen absorbiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Abschirmung durch einen glockenförmigen Schirm (60, 61) gebildet ist, der an dem Mantel (2) rings um die Öffnung (29, 30) befestigt und aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material hergestellt ist, das ein Füllmaterial mit hoher Atomnummer enthält, das dazu bestimmt ist, die Streuröntgenstrahlung auf der Höhe der elektrischen Anschlußvorrichtungen (21, 23) zu unterdrücken.
  2. Strahlenerzeugungsanordnung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, deren elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung (21, 23) durch eine in der Öffnung (29, 30) des Mantels (2) befestigte Fassung (27, 28) und durch einen fest mit dem Kabel (20) verbundenen Stecker (25, 26) gebildet ist, der die Hochspannung überträgt und in die Fassung (27, 28) eingesteckt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Abschirmung durch die Fassung (27, 28) gebildet ist, die aus dem elektrisch isolierenden Material, das ein Füllmaterial mit hoher Atomnummer enthält, mit einer zur Unterdrückung der Streuröntgenstrahlung bestimmten Dicke (e) hergestellt ist.
  3. Strahlenerzeugungsanordnung nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, deren elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung (21, 23) durch eine in der Öffnung (29, 30) des Mantels (2) befestigte Fassung (27, 28) und durch einen Stecker (25, 26) gebildet ist, der fest mit dem Kabel (20) verbunden und in die Fassung (27, 28) eingesteckt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Abschirmung durch den Stecker (25, 26) gebildet ist, der aus dem elektrisch isolierenden Material, das ein Füllmaterial mit hoher Atomnummer enthält, hergestellt ist.
  4. Strahlenerzeugungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Abschirmung durch den glockenförmigen Schirm (60, 61) gebildet ist, der aus dem elektrisch isolierenden Material, das ein Füllmaterial mit hoher Atomnummer enthält, hergestellt ist, die Öffnung (29, 30) umgibt und im Innern des Mantels (2) befestigt ist und kleine Öffnungen (62) aufweist, die insbesondere dazu bestimmt sind, den Durchgang des isolierenden Fluids (4) zuzulassen.
  5. Strahlenerzeugungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Abschirmung durch den die Fassung (28) bedeckenden und im Innern des Mantels befestigten Schirm (61) gebildet ist, der durch eine Sandwichstruktur gebildet ist, in der eine Schicht (70) aus einem Material mit hoher Atomnummer zwischen zwei Schichten (71, 72) aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material eingebettet ist.
  6. Strahlenerzeugungsanordnung nach einem der Anspüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material mit hoher Atomnummer ein elektrisch leitendes Material ist.
  7. Strahlenerzeugungsanordnung nach einem der Anspüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material mit hoher Atomnummer elektrisch isolierend ist.
EP19880402662 1987-10-30 1988-10-21 Röntgenstrahlung erzeugende Anordnung mit Vollschutz gegen Leckstrahlung Expired - Lifetime EP0314552B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8715055 1987-10-30
FR8715055A FR2622758B1 (fr) 1987-10-30 1987-10-30 Ensemble radiogene a protection integrale contre les rayonnements de fuite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0314552A1 EP0314552A1 (de) 1989-05-03
EP0314552B1 true EP0314552B1 (de) 1993-06-16

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Family Applications (1)

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EP19880402662 Expired - Lifetime EP0314552B1 (de) 1987-10-30 1988-10-21 Röntgenstrahlung erzeugende Anordnung mit Vollschutz gegen Leckstrahlung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0314552B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01194298A (de)
DE (1) DE3881822T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2622758B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5132999A (en) * 1991-01-30 1992-07-21 General Electric Company Inductive x-ray tube high voltage transient suppression
EP0530424A1 (de) * 1991-09-03 1993-03-10 Andrex Radiation Products A/S Apparat zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlen
US5830318A (en) * 1996-10-25 1998-11-03 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. High opacity tipping paper
US5888348A (en) * 1996-11-14 1999-03-30 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Method for controlling the permeability of a paper
US6305382B1 (en) 1997-04-07 2001-10-23 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Reduced basis weight cigarette paper
US5921249A (en) * 1997-07-14 1999-07-13 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. High and low porosity wrapping papers for smoking articles
US6749337B1 (en) * 2000-01-26 2004-06-15 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. X-ray tube and method of manufacture
JP4619028B2 (ja) * 2004-03-30 2011-01-26 国立大学法人京都大学 異極像結晶体を用いたｘ線発生装置
CN103635002B (zh) * 2012-08-21 2016-03-16 同方威视技术股份有限公司 一体式飞点x光机
GB201414395D0 (en) 2014-08-13 2014-09-24 Nikon Metrology Nv X-ray apparatus
DE102022201976A1 (de) 2022-02-25 2023-03-23 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh Bildgebungsgerät und Verfahren zum Strahlenschutz einer elektronischen Komponente in einem Bildgebungsgerät

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR542253A (fr) * 1921-10-12 1922-08-08 Radiotechnique Dispositif de protection contre les rayons x
FR554654A (fr) * 1922-08-01 1923-06-15 Dispositif de protection contre les rayons chi
GB280636A (en) * 1926-08-17 1927-11-17 Phillip Edward Harth X-ray shields and process for making them
US1957436A (en) * 1928-06-14 1934-05-08 Gen Electric X Ray Corp X-ray apparatus
US1975871A (en) * 1930-06-27 1934-10-09 Westinghouse Lamp Co X-ray device
US3859534A (en) * 1972-02-14 1975-01-07 Picker Corp X-ray tube housing
JPS5311970B2 (de) * 1973-11-24 1978-04-26

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3881822D1 (de) 1993-07-22
FR2622758B1 (fr) 1990-04-27
DE3881822T2 (de) 1993-12-02
EP0314552A1 (de) 1989-05-03
JPH01194298A (ja) 1989-08-04
FR2622758A1 (fr) 1989-05-05

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