EP0311142B1 - Vernetzung von PTC-leitfähigen Polymeren durch Strahlung - Google Patents

Vernetzung von PTC-leitfähigen Polymeren durch Strahlung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0311142B1
EP0311142B1 EP88117360A EP88117360A EP0311142B1 EP 0311142 B1 EP0311142 B1 EP 0311142B1 EP 88117360 A EP88117360 A EP 88117360A EP 88117360 A EP88117360 A EP 88117360A EP 0311142 B1 EP0311142 B1 EP 0311142B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
linking
ptc
cross
mrads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88117360A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0311142A3 (en
EP0311142A2 (de
Inventor
Stephen M. Jacobs
Mary Sandra Mctavish
James Michael Taylor
Frank Anthony Doljack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raychem Corp
Original Assignee
Raychem Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/254,352 external-priority patent/US4426633A/en
Application filed by Raychem Corp filed Critical Raychem Corp
Priority to AT88117360T priority Critical patent/ATE98807T1/de
Publication of EP0311142A2 publication Critical patent/EP0311142A2/de
Publication of EP0311142A3 publication Critical patent/EP0311142A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0311142B1 publication Critical patent/EP0311142B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material

Definitions

  • US-A-3 351 882 discloses the preparation of electrical devices by embedding electrodes having a considerable area and an irregular surface, e.g. a metal mesh, in a resistor composed of a PTC conductive polymer, followed by cross-linking of the conductive polymer.
  • the stated purpose of using electrodes of considerable area is to avoid excessive current concentrations and consequent damage to the conductive polymer.
  • the stated purposes of the radiation are (a) to cross-link the conductive polymer adjacent the electrodes, so that the electrodes are firmly gripped, and (b) to cross-link the bulk of the conductive polymer so that it will resist softening.
  • the cross-linking can be effected by radiation, and the patent discloses subjecting the entire resistor to a dose of 500,000 to 1,000,000 Gy (50 to 100 megarads) of radiation of one or two million electron volt electrons.
  • a dose of 20,000 to 150,000 Gy (2-15 megarads) is sufficient to prevent softening of PTC conductive polymers, and higher doses are regarded as disadvantageous because they reduce crystallinity.
  • the radiation dose is, therefore at least 600,000 Gy (60 Mrads), particularly at least 800,000 Gy (80 Mrads), with yet higher dosages, e.g. at least 1,200,000 Gy 120 Mrads or at least 1,600,000 Gy (160 Mrads), being preferred when satisfactory PTC characteristics are maintained and the desire for improved performance outweighs the cost of radiation.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of an electrical device comprising (1) a cross-linked PTC conductive polymer element comprising a polymeric component consisting essentially of one or more polymers, and (2) two substantially planar, parallel, metal electrodes which can be connected to a power source to cause current to flow through the PTC element, which process comprises cross-linking the PTC element by irradiating it after the electrodes have been secured thereto, characterized in that the electrodes are metal foil electrodes and the essential parts of the PTC element are irradiated to a dosage of at least 600,000 Gy (60 Mrads).
  • an electrode being “substantially planar”
  • the present invention is particularly useful for circuit protection devices, but is also applicable to heaters, particularly laminar heaters.
  • each of the electrodes is substantially planar and is a metal foil. Since the metal foil electrodes are applied to the PTC element before it is irradiated, there is a danger that gases evolved during irradiation will be trapped.
  • PTC conductive polymers suitable for use in this invention are disclosed in the patents and applications referenced above. Their resistivity at 23°C is preferably less than 1250 ohm.cm, eg. less than 750 ohm.cm, particularly less than 500 ohm.cm, with values less than 50 ohm.cm being preferred for circuit protection devices.
  • the polymeric component should be one which is cross-linked and not significantly degraded by radiation.
  • the polymeric component is preferably free of thermosetting polymers and often consists essentially of one or more crystalline polymers. Suitable polymers include polyolefins, eg.
  • the conductive filler is preferably carbon black.
  • the composition may also contain a non-conductive filler, eg. alumina trihydrate.
  • the composition can, but preferably does not, contain a radiation cross-linking aid. The presence of a cross-linking aid can substantially reduce the radiaton dose required to produce a particular degree of cross-linking, but its residue generally has an adverse effect on electrical characteristics.
  • Shaping of the conductive polymer will generally be effected by a melt-shaping technique, eg. by melt-extrusion or molding.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer elektrischen Vorrichtung, die folgendes aufweist:
    (1) ein vernetztes leitfähiges PTC-Polymerelement mit einer Polymerkomponente, die im wesentlichen aus einem oder mehreren Polymeren besteht, sowie
    (2) zwei im wesentlichen planare, zueinander parallele Metallelektroden, die an eine Stromquelle anschließbar sind, um einen Stromfluß durch das PTC-Element hervorzurufen, wobei das Verfahren die Vernetzung des PTC-Elementes durch Bestrahlen desselben nach der Anbringung der Elektroden an dem PTC-Element umfaßt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Elektroden Metallfolienelektroden sind und die wesentlichen Teile des PTC-Elementes mit einer Strahlungsdosis von wenigstens 600 000 Gy (60 MRad) bestrahlt werden.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die wesentlichen Teile der Vorrichtung mit einer Strahlungsdosis von wenigstens 800 000 Gy (80 MRad) bestrahlt werden.
EP88117360A 1981-04-02 1982-04-02 Vernetzung von PTC-leitfähigen Polymeren durch Strahlung Expired - Lifetime EP0311142B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88117360T ATE98807T1 (de) 1981-04-02 1982-04-02 Vernetzung von ptc-leitfaehigen polymeren durch strahlung.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25049181A 1981-04-02 1981-04-02
US250491 1981-04-02
US06/254,352 US4426633A (en) 1981-04-15 1981-04-15 Devices containing PTC conductive polymer compositions
US254352 1981-04-15

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82301765.2 Division 1982-04-02

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0311142A2 EP0311142A2 (de) 1989-04-12
EP0311142A3 EP0311142A3 (en) 1989-04-26
EP0311142B1 true EP0311142B1 (de) 1993-12-15

Family

ID=26940917

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88117360A Expired - Lifetime EP0311142B1 (de) 1981-04-02 1982-04-02 Vernetzung von PTC-leitfähigen Polymeren durch Strahlung
EP82301765A Expired EP0063440B1 (de) 1981-04-02 1982-04-02 Strahlungsvernetzung der PTC-leitfähigen Polymere

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82301765A Expired EP0063440B1 (de) 1981-04-02 1982-04-02 Strahlungsvernetzung der PTC-leitfähigen Polymere

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0311142B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH053101A (de)
DE (2) DE3280447T2 (de)
GB (1) GB2096393B (de)
HK (1) HK83689A (de)
SG (1) SG89388G (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5802709A (en) 1995-08-15 1998-09-08 Bourns, Multifuse (Hong Kong), Ltd. Method for manufacturing surface mount conductive polymer devices
US5849129A (en) 1995-08-15 1998-12-15 Bourns Multifuse (Hong Kong) Ltd. Continuous process and apparatus for manufacturing conductive polymer components
US6020808A (en) 1997-09-03 2000-02-01 Bourns Multifuse (Hong Kong) Ltd. Multilayer conductive polymer positive temperature coefficent device
US6228287B1 (en) 1998-09-25 2001-05-08 Bourns, Inc. Two-step process for preparing positive temperature coefficient polymer materials

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4724417A (en) * 1985-03-14 1988-02-09 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices comprising cross-linked conductive polymers
ATE70363T1 (de) 1986-02-20 1991-12-15 Raychem Corp Einen ionentauschenden stoff verwendende verfahren und gegenstand.
US4924074A (en) * 1987-09-30 1990-05-08 Raychem Corporation Electrical device comprising conductive polymers
US4907340A (en) * 1987-09-30 1990-03-13 Raychem Corporation Electrical device comprising conductive polymers
ATE296478T1 (de) * 1995-03-22 2005-06-15 Tyco Electronics Corp Elektrische vorrichtung
DE19548741A1 (de) 1995-12-23 1997-06-26 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Materials für PTC-Widerstände
US5814264A (en) * 1996-04-12 1998-09-29 Littelfuse, Inc. Continuous manufacturing methods for positive temperature coefficient materials
TW343423B (en) * 1996-08-01 1998-10-21 Raychem Corp Method of making a laminate comprising a conductive polymer composition
DE10310722A1 (de) 2003-03-10 2004-09-23 Tesa Ag Elektrisch erwärmbare Haftklebemasse
TW200520627A (en) * 2003-10-21 2005-06-16 Tyco Electronics Raychem Kk PTC element and starter circuit for fluorescent lamp
DE102007007617A1 (de) 2007-02-13 2008-08-14 Tesa Ag Intrinsisch erwärmbare heißschmelzklebrige Flächengebilde
DE102008034748A1 (de) 2008-07-24 2010-01-28 Tesa Se Flexibles beheiztes Flächenelement
DE102008063849A1 (de) 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Tesa Se Beheiztes Flächenelement und Verfahren zu seiner Befestigung
DE102009010437A1 (de) 2009-02-26 2010-09-02 Tesa Se Beheiztes Flächenelement
CN102412094B (zh) * 2010-09-20 2014-12-31 胜德国际研发股份有限公司 保护电路
US10373745B2 (en) 2014-06-12 2019-08-06 LMS Consulting Group Electrically conductive PTC ink with double switching temperatures and applications thereof in flexible double-switching heaters
US11332632B2 (en) 2016-02-24 2022-05-17 Lms Consulting Group, Llc Thermal substrate with high-resistance magnification and positive temperature coefficient ink
WO2020016853A1 (en) 2018-07-20 2020-01-23 LMS Consulting Group Thermal substrate with high-resistance magnification and positive temperature coefficient
US10822513B1 (en) 2019-04-26 2020-11-03 1-Material Inc Electrically conductive PTC screen printable ink composition with low inrush current and high NTC onset temperature

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3351882A (en) * 1964-10-09 1967-11-07 Polyelectric Corp Plastic resistance elements and methods for making same
JPS5123543A (ja) * 1974-08-22 1976-02-25 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Dodenseikobunshizairyo
FR2321751A1 (fr) * 1975-08-04 1977-03-18 Raychem Corp Perfectionnement aux compositions a coefficient de temperature positif
GB1595198A (en) * 1976-10-15 1981-08-12 Raychem Corp Ptc compositions and devices comprising them
GB1604735A (en) * 1978-04-14 1981-12-16 Raychem Corp Ptc compositions and devices comprising them
US4200973A (en) * 1978-08-10 1980-05-06 Samuel Moore And Company Method of making self-temperature regulating electrical heating cable

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5802709A (en) 1995-08-15 1998-09-08 Bourns, Multifuse (Hong Kong), Ltd. Method for manufacturing surface mount conductive polymer devices
US5849129A (en) 1995-08-15 1998-12-15 Bourns Multifuse (Hong Kong) Ltd. Continuous process and apparatus for manufacturing conductive polymer components
US5849137A (en) 1995-08-15 1998-12-15 Bourns Multifuse (Hong Kong) Ltd. Continuous process and apparatus for manufacturing conductive polymer components
US6020808A (en) 1997-09-03 2000-02-01 Bourns Multifuse (Hong Kong) Ltd. Multilayer conductive polymer positive temperature coefficent device
US6223423B1 (en) 1997-09-03 2001-05-01 Bourns Multifuse (Hong Kong) Ltd. Multilayer conductive polymer positive temperature coefficient device
US6228287B1 (en) 1998-09-25 2001-05-08 Bourns, Inc. Two-step process for preparing positive temperature coefficient polymer materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0063440B1 (de) 1989-10-04
HK83689A (en) 1989-10-27
DE3279970D1 (en) 1989-11-09
EP0311142A3 (en) 1989-04-26
DE3280447T2 (de) 1994-07-14
DE3280447D1 (de) 1994-01-27
EP0063440A3 (en) 1983-04-13
JPH053101A (ja) 1993-01-08
GB2096393B (en) 1986-01-02
SG89388G (en) 1989-07-14
GB2096393A (en) 1982-10-13
EP0311142A2 (de) 1989-04-12
EP0063440A2 (de) 1982-10-27

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