EP0310509A1 - Transformation process for a rotary drum furnace, particularly for use in the production of cement - Google Patents
Transformation process for a rotary drum furnace, particularly for use in the production of cement Download PDFInfo
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- EP0310509A1 EP0310509A1 EP88402457A EP88402457A EP0310509A1 EP 0310509 A1 EP0310509 A1 EP 0310509A1 EP 88402457 A EP88402457 A EP 88402457A EP 88402457 A EP88402457 A EP 88402457A EP 0310509 A1 EP0310509 A1 EP 0310509A1
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- oven
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
Definitions
- the present invention essentially relates to a process for transforming a rotary kiln intended for example for the manufacture of cement and of the type consisting of a tube which is supported by bearing supports and is provided at one of its ends with '' a planetary or balloon type cooler.
- the invention also relates to an oven resulting from the above transformation.
- It also relates to a cooking line equipped with such an oven.
- these ovens consist of an inclined sheet metal tube which has an interior refractory lining in bricks and which is rotated by suitable means.
- the crusting which occurs on the brick lining during firing and which is moreover essential, is relatively thin compared to an oven of smaller diameter, because the effect of arch is less. As a result, the crusting deteriorates all the more since, in large diameter ovens, brickwork is highly stressed by the thermal load, and this much more than in the case of smaller diameter ovens.
- this kind of rotary oven generally comprises bandages bearing on rollers or the like allowing the rotation of the oven. It is therefore understandable that, in the case of large diameter ovens, the tires supported by the rollers tend to ovalize, so that the briquetting and crusting assembly is subjected to alternating mechanical forces which are all the more important as the oven is bigger.
- the deformations or premature wear of the mechanical connections, and in particular of the bandage-tube connection contribute to reinforcing the ovalization of the oven at the level of the bandages, which consequently weakens the refractory lining of the oven.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method of transforming a rotary oven which makes it possible to end up with an oven whose resistance to briquetting and regularity of operation are much better and whose ovalization at the level cooking zone is greatly reduced if not removed.
- the invention relates to a process for transforming a rotary kiln intended for example for the manufacture of cement and constituted by a tube supported by bearing bearings and provided at one of its ends with a planetary type cooler for example, characterized in that it consists of: - to remove the cooler at the end of the tube and the tube portion associated with it, which has the effect of significantly increasing the load supported by the support located at the central part of the tube, - cutting said tube substantially at its central part, and - to replace one of the parts of the tube thus sectioned by at least one section of tube with a diameter smaller than that of the remaining part of the tube which is kept and which is connected to said section, so that the load supported by the support of said section at the level of said central part is reduced to a lower value and substantially identical to the initial value of the load supported by the support at the level of the central part of the furnace provided with the cooler and used to carry out the transformation .
- connection of the tube section of reduced diameter to the remaining and preserved part of the tube is effected by means of a conical part.
- the aforementioned tube section forming the downstream part of the oven constitutes a zone for baking the material, while the remaining part of the tube forming the upstream part of the oven constitutes a preparation zone.
- a grid cooler and a precalcination system are installed, without integrating it in the oven, respectively at the downstream end and the upstream end of this oven.
- the invention also relates to a rotary kiln obtained by the process corresponding to the above characteristics and of the type essentially comprising an inclined and internally heated rotary tube in which the material flows, characterized in that the downstream cooking or clinkering zone of this furnace is constituted by at least one tube with a diameter smaller than that of the upstream zone of preparation or precalcination of the material.
- reducing the diameter of the cooking zone will advantageously stabilize the briquetting by reinforcing the arch effect which, associated with the increase in the speed of rotation of the oven, will promote the formation of crusting and better resistance in the time of it, so that the briquetting will be, ultimately, better protected.
- the diameter of the downstream cooking zone is between 75 and 95% of the diameter of the above-mentioned preparation zone.
- the length of the cooking zone it is between 30 and 60% of the total length of the oven.
- the diameter of the downstream cooking zone will be between 4 meters and 5.1 meters and the length of said zone will be between 20 and 60 meters.
- a conical connection part having a half-angle at the top between 4 and 7 degrees.
- the oven comprises three support and rolling bandages for ensuring the rotation of the tube, two bandages being arranged around the downstream cooking zone with reduced diameter, so that the connection part above is located in an area where the bending moment is minimum.
- the invention also relates to a cooking line equipped with a rotary oven meeting the above characteristics, characterized in that it comprises, upstream of the preparation or precalcination zone, a precalcination system not integrated into the oven.
- an oven according to this invention is essentially constituted by an inclined rotary tube T in which the material flows in the direction of arrow F and which is internally heated downstream by a flame materialized by the arrow G.
- the tube T comprises a cooking or clinkering zone 1 forming the downstream section of the oven, which is of a smaller diameter than the upstream tube or section 2 constituting the zone for preparing or precalcinating the material.
- the diameter of the downstream zone or section 1 can be between 4 and 5.1 meters, and its length can be between 20 and 60 meters.
- downstream 1 and upstream 2 sections are connected by a conical part 3 having a half-angle at the top which can be between 4 and 7 degrees so as to allow briquetting with standard bricks.
- Bandages 4, 5 and 6 have been shown surrounding the tube T and respectively bearing on rollers 7 thus allowing the rotation of the tube T which is rotated by a motor M whose output shaft drives at least one pinion B meshing with a ring gear 9 secured to the upstream section 2.
- the bandages 4 and 5 are arranged around the downstream section or cooking zone 1 while the bandage 6 is arranged around the upstream section or preparation area 2. It will be noted here that the middle part of the oven constituted by the connection part 3 is located in an area where the bending moment is minimum.
- FIG. 1 There is shown diagrammatically at 10 in FIG. 1 a precalcination or preheater system which is not integrated into the furnace or tube T.
- the precalcination of the material upstream of the oven the reduction of the diameter of the clinkering or cooking zone 1 to an internal diameter less than or equal to 5.1 m, and also the increase in the speed of rotation of the oven will allow an increase in production.
- This oven A with integrated cooler 11 can be part of a clinker cooking line with a nominal capacity of 3800 tonnes / day and have a total length of around 115 m and an internal diameter of 5.6 m.
- the speed of rotation of furnace A before transformation was 2 revolutions / minute.
- the cooler 11 is removed from the oven A, which cooler makes the operation of this oven very critical, and we also removes the tube portion of oven A that is associated with the cooler.
- a lightened oven B is thus obtained visible in FIG. 2, but whose load supported by the support located at the level of the central part of the oven is considerably increased, as shown by the arrows 12a and 12b in FIG. 2.
- the curves represented under each oven A, B and T represent the intensity of the bending moment at several points distributed over the length of the ovens, it being understood that the arrows under the three curves have a proportional dimension the importance of the loads at each support point.
- the oven B is sectioned substantially at its central part, and the sectioned downstream part, that is to say the left part in FIG. 2, is replaced, and it is replaced by a section of tube, which is section 1 of the oven T, which section is of a smaller diameter than that of the remaining part of the tube which is kept and which is connected to section 1.
- the load on the central or central support of the oven T of the invention remains substantially identical to what it was on the corresponding support of the oven A, as shown by the arrows 12a and 12c .
- the load supported by the support of the reduced diameter section 1 at the level of the central part of the furnace has been reduced to a value much more low than for oven B and substantially identical to the initial value of the load supported by the support at the central part of oven A used to carry out the transformation.
- the downstream section 1 of the oven T corresponds to a reduction in the diameter of the downstream section of the oven A to a diameter of 5 m over a length of 43 m, the total length of the transformed oven obtained then being 90 m about.
- connection cone 3 between the downstream section 1 of 5 m in diameter and the upstream section 2, the diameter of which is kept (5.6 m), has a half-angle at the top of 4.8 ° and a length of 3, 5 m.
- this cone 3 is well located in an area where the bending moment is canceled (see curve at the bottom of Figure 2).
- the rotational speed of the oven T is increased compared to that of the oven A from 2 revolutions / minute to 3.1 revolutions / minute, and the ring / pinion drive train is not changed.
- the speed of rotation of the oven which is increased compared to what it would be without modifying the diameter of the clinkering zone. or cooking, improves heat exchange in the upstream preparation area 2, while the material residence time is significantly reduced.
- the thermal power available in the downstream clinkering zone is lower and the rate of precalcination of the material at the inlet of the furnace is therefore greater than it would be without modification of the diameter of the clinkering zone.
- the three bandages or supports 4.5, of the oven T are located respectively at 5 m, 34 m and 73.5 m from the downstream end of the section 1.
- the loads on these supports, before the transformation were 1485 tonnes, 805 tonnes and 585 tonnes respectively. After transformation, these loads became respectively 494 tonnes, 813 tonnes and 625 tonnes, which made it possible to keep the civil engineering and the rollers or undercarriage of these supports.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
Four constitué par un tube rotatif incliné (T) dans lequel s'écoule la matière et qui est intérieurement chauffé, ce tube comprenant un tronçon aval (1) constituant une zone de cuisson d'un diamètre plus petit que celui du tronçon amont (2) constituant une zone de préparation de la matière, les tronçons (1) et (2) étant raccordés par une partie conique (3), et le tronçon (1) possèdant un diamètre compris entre 4 et 5,1 mètres et une longueur comprise entre 20 et 60 mètres. Ce four est destiné notamment à équiper une ligne de cuisson pour la fabrication du ciment.Oven consisting of an inclined rotary tube (T) in which the material flows and which is internally heated, this tube comprising a downstream section (1) constituting a cooking zone with a diameter smaller than that of the upstream section (2 ) constituting a zone for preparing the material, the sections (1) and (2) being connected by a conical part (3), and the section (1) having a diameter of between 4 and 5.1 meters and a length of between between 20 and 60 meters. This oven is intended in particular to equip a firing line for the manufacture of cement.
Description
La présente invention a essentiellement pour objet un procédé de transformation d'un four rotatif destiné par exemple à la fabrication du ciment et du type constitué par un tube qui est supporté par des appuis de roulement et est muni à l'une de ses extrémités d'un refroidisseur du type planétaire ou à ballonnets.The present invention essentially relates to a process for transforming a rotary kiln intended for example for the manufacture of cement and of the type consisting of a tube which is supported by bearing supports and is provided at one of its ends with '' a planetary or balloon type cooler.
L'invention vise également un four résultant de la transformation ci-dessus.The invention also relates to an oven resulting from the above transformation.
Elle vise encore une ligne de cuisson équipée d'un tel four.It also relates to a cooking line equipped with such an oven.
Il a déjà été proposé de produire du clinker de ciment dans des lignes de cuisson dont le débit dépasse 2500 tonnes/jours, et cela en utilisant des fours de diamètre intérieur supérieur à 5,1 mètres.It has already been proposed to produce cement clinker in firing lines with a throughput exceeding 2,500 tonnes / day, using ovens with an internal diameter greater than 5.1 meters.
D'une manière générale, ces fours se composent d'un tube incliné en tôle qui comporte un revêtement réfractaire intérieur en briques et qui est entraîné en rotation par des moyens appropriés.Generally, these ovens consist of an inclined sheet metal tube which has an interior refractory lining in bricks and which is rotated by suitable means.
Ces fours de plus de 5 mètres de diamètre présentent un certain nombre d'inconvénients qui se situent notamment au niveau de la mauvaise tenue mécanique des équipements dans la zone la plus chaude du four.These ovens of more than 5 meters in diameter have a certain number of drawbacks which are located in particular at the level of poor mechanical resistance of the equipment in the hottest zone of the oven.
Le croutage qui se produit sur le revêtement de briques durant la cuisson et qui est d'ailleurs indispensable, est relativement peu épais comparativement à un four de plus petit diamètre, car l'effet de voûte est moindre. Il en résulte que le croutage se détériore d'autant plus que, dans les fours de grand diamètre, le briquetage est fortement sollicité par la charge thermique, et cela beaucoup plus que dans le cas de fours de plus petit diamètre.The crusting which occurs on the brick lining during firing and which is moreover essential, is relatively thin compared to an oven of smaller diameter, because the effect of arch is less. As a result, the crusting deteriorates all the more since, in large diameter ovens, brickwork is highly stressed by the thermal load, and this much more than in the case of smaller diameter ovens.
Par ailleurs, on sait que ce genre de four rotatif comporte généralement des bandages prenant appui sur des galets ou analogues permettant la rotation du four. On comprend donc que, dans le cas de fours de grand diamètre, les bandages supportés par les galet ont tendance à s'ovaliser, de sorte que l'ensemble briquetage plus croutage est soumis à des efforts mécaniques alternés d'autant plus importants que le four est plus grand.Furthermore, it is known that this kind of rotary oven generally comprises bandages bearing on rollers or the like allowing the rotation of the oven. It is therefore understandable that, in the case of large diameter ovens, the tires supported by the rollers tend to ovalize, so that the briquetting and crusting assembly is subjected to alternating mechanical forces which are all the more important as the oven is bigger.
De plus, les déformations ou usures prématurées des liaisons mécaniques, et en particulier de la liaison bandages-tube contribuent à renforcer l'ovalisation du four au niveau des bandages, ce qui par conséquent fragilise le revêtement réfractaire du four.In addition, the deformations or premature wear of the mechanical connections, and in particular of the bandage-tube connection contribute to reinforcing the ovalization of the oven at the level of the bandages, which consequently weakens the refractory lining of the oven.
Tous ces inconvénients augmentent considérablement les frais d'entretien du four et réduisent de beaucoup le taux de marche, donc la rentabilité de l'installation.All these drawbacks considerably increase the maintenance costs of the oven and greatly reduce the operating rate, and therefore the profitability of the installation.
D'un autre côté, il faut remarquer que, dans les fours connus de très grand diamètre, l'effet de la précalcination en amont du four demeure relativement faible en raison des facteurs défavorables d'origine mécanique liés au grand diamètre du four dans la zone de cuisson ou de clinkérisation.On the other hand, it should be noted that, in known ovens of very large diameter, the effect of precalcination upstream of the furnace remains relatively weak due to the unfavorable factors of mechanical origin linked to the large diameter of the furnace in the cooking or clinkering area.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant un procédé de transformation d'un four rotatif qui permet d'aboutir à un four dont la tenue du briquetage et la régularité de marche sont nettement meilleures et dont l'ovalisation au niveau de la zone de cuisson est fortement diminuée sinon supprimée.The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method of transforming a rotary oven which makes it possible to end up with an oven whose resistance to briquetting and regularity of operation are much better and whose ovalization at the level cooking zone is greatly reduced if not removed.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de transformation d'un four rotatif destiné par exemple à la fabrication du ciment et constitué par un tube supporté par des appuis de roulement et muni à l'une de ses extrémités d'un refroidisseur du type planétaire par exemple, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste :
- à supprimer le refroidisseur à l'extrémité du tube et la portion de tube qui lui est associée, ce qui a pour effet d'augmenter nettement la charge supportée par l'appui situé au niveau de la partie centrale du tube,
- à sectionner ledit tube sensiblement au niveau de sa partie centrale, et
- à remplacer l'une des parties du tube ainsi sectionné par au moins un tronçon de tube de diamètre plus petit que celui de la partie restante du tube que l'on conserve et qui est raccordée audit tronçon, de façon que la charge supportée par l'appui dudit tronçon au niveau de ladite partie centrale soit ramenée à une valeur plus faible et sensiblement identique à la valeur initiale de la charge supportée par l'appui au niveau de la partie centrale du four muni du refroidisseur et utilisé pour effectuer la transformation.To this end, the invention relates to a process for transforming a rotary kiln intended for example for the manufacture of cement and constituted by a tube supported by bearing bearings and provided at one of its ends with a planetary type cooler for example, characterized in that it consists of:
- to remove the cooler at the end of the tube and the tube portion associated with it, which has the effect of significantly increasing the load supported by the support located at the central part of the tube,
- cutting said tube substantially at its central part, and
- to replace one of the parts of the tube thus sectioned by at least one section of tube with a diameter smaller than that of the remaining part of the tube which is kept and which is connected to said section, so that the load supported by the support of said section at the level of said central part is reduced to a lower value and substantially identical to the initial value of the load supported by the support at the level of the central part of the furnace provided with the cooler and used to carry out the transformation .
On comprend donc qu'on peut conserver les mêmes équipements de support et d'entraînement en rotation du four obtenu après transformation, et cela à quelques petites modifications près.We therefore understand that we can keep the same support equipment and drive in rotation of the oven obtained after transformation, and that with a few small modifications.
Par ailleurs, on diminue avantageusement le risque d'ovalisation qui se produisait avec les fours munis d'un refroidisseur solidaire de leur extrémité aval, et cela en raison de la répartition avantageuse des efforts appliqués.Furthermore, it advantageously reduces the risk of ovalization which occurred with ovens provided with a cooler integral with their downstream end, and this because of the advantageous distribution of the applied forces.
On observera encore que, paradoxalement, on maintient la production et on peut même l'augmenter en augmentant la vitesse de rotation du four, alors que le diamètre de ce four a été en partie réduit.It will also be observed that, paradoxically, the production is maintained and can even be increased by increasing the speed of rotation of the furnace, while the diameter of this furnace has been partially reduced.
Suivant une autre caractéristique de ce procédé, le raccordement du tronçon de tube de diamètre réduit à la partie restante et conservée du tube s'effectue par l'intermédiaire d'une partie conique.According to another characteristic of this process, the connection of the tube section of reduced diameter to the remaining and preserved part of the tube is effected by means of a conical part.
On précisera ici que le tronçon de tube précité formant la partie aval du four constitue une zone de cuisson de la matière, tandis que la partie restante du tube formant la partie amont du four constitue une zone de préparation.It will be specified here that the aforementioned tube section forming the downstream part of the oven constitutes a zone for baking the material, while the remaining part of the tube forming the upstream part of the oven constitutes a preparation zone.
Suivant encore une autre caractéristique de ce procédé, on installe, sans l'intégrer au four, un refroidisseur à grilles et un système de précalcination respectivement au niveau de l'extrémité aval et de l'extrémité amont de ce four.According to yet another characteristic of this process, a grid cooler and a precalcination system are installed, without integrating it in the oven, respectively at the downstream end and the upstream end of this oven.
L'invention vise encore un four rotatif obtenu par le procédé répondant aux caractéristiques ci-dessus et du type comprenant essentiellement un tube rotatif incliné et intérieurement chauffé dans lequel s'écoule la matière, caractérisé en ce que la zone aval de cuisson ou de clinkérisation de ce four est constituée par au moins un tube de diamètre plus petit que celui de la zone amont de préparation ou de précalcination de la matière.The invention also relates to a rotary kiln obtained by the process corresponding to the above characteristics and of the type essentially comprising an inclined and internally heated rotary tube in which the material flows, characterized in that the downstream cooking or clinkering zone of this furnace is constituted by at least one tube with a diameter smaller than that of the upstream zone of preparation or precalcination of the material.
On comprend donc que la réduction du diamètre de la zone de cuisson stabilisera avantageusement le briquetage en renforçant l'effet de voûte qui, associé à l'augmentation de la vitesse de rotation du four, favorisera la formation du croutage et une meilleure tenue dans le temps de celui-ci, de sorte que le briquetage sera, finalement, mieux protégé.It is therefore understandable that reducing the diameter of the cooking zone will advantageously stabilize the briquetting by reinforcing the arch effect which, associated with the increase in the speed of rotation of the oven, will promote the formation of crusting and better resistance in the time of it, so that the briquetting will be, ultimately, better protected.
Suivant une autre caractéristique de ce four, le diamètre de la zone aval de cuisson est compris entre 75 et 95% du diamètre de la zone amont de préparation précitée.According to another characteristic of this oven, the diameter of the downstream cooking zone is between 75 and 95% of the diameter of the above-mentioned preparation zone.
Quant à la longueur de la zone de cuisson, elle et comprise entre 30 et 60% de la longueur totale du four.As for the length of the cooking zone, it is between 30 and 60% of the total length of the oven.
Suivant un mode de réalisation préféré, le diamètre de la zone aval de cuisson sera compris entre 4 mètres et 5,1 mètres et la longueur de ladite zone sera comprise entre 20 et 60 mètres.According to a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the downstream cooking zone will be between 4 meters and 5.1 meters and the length of said zone will be between 20 and 60 meters.
Suivant une autre caractéristique, on prévoit entre les zones de cuisson et de préparation, une partie de raccordement conique présentant un demi-angle au sommet compris entre 4 et 7 degrés.According to another characteristic, there is provided between the cooking and preparation zones, a conical connection part having a half-angle at the top between 4 and 7 degrees.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le four comprend trois bandages de support et de roulement pour assurer la rotation du tube, deux bandages étant agencés autour de la zone aval de cuisson à diamètre réduit, de telle façon que la partie de raccordement précitée se situe dans une zone où le moment fléchissant est minimum.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the oven comprises three support and rolling bandages for ensuring the rotation of the tube, two bandages being arranged around the downstream cooking zone with reduced diameter, so that the connection part above is located in an area where the bending moment is minimum.
L'invention vise encore une ligne de cuisson équipée d'un four rotatif répondant aux caractéristiques ci-dessus, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en amont de la zone de préparation ou précalcination, un système de précalcination non-intégré au four.The invention also relates to a cooking line equipped with a rotary oven meeting the above characteristics, characterized in that it comprises, upstream of the preparation or precalcination zone, a precalcination system not integrated into the oven.
Mais d'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux dans la description détaillée qui suit et se réfère aux dessins annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple, et dans lesquels :
- La figure 1 est une vue très schématique et en perspective d'un four rotatif conforme aux principes de l'invention ; et
- La figure 2 illustre de façon schématique les étapes essentielles de la transformation d'un four connu à refroidisseur à ballonnets pour réaliser un four conforme à l'invention.
- Figure 1 is a very schematic and perspective view a rotary oven in accordance with the principles of the invention; and
- Figure 2 schematically illustrates the essential steps of the transformation of a known furnace with balloon cooler to produce an oven according to the invention.
En se reportant à la figure 1, on voit qu'un four selon cette invention est essentiellement constitué par un tube rotatif incliné T dans lequel s'écoule la matière suivant la flèche F et qui est intérieurement chauffé en aval par une flamme matérialisée par la flèche G.Referring to FIG. 1, it can be seen that an oven according to this invention is essentially constituted by an inclined rotary tube T in which the material flows in the direction of arrow F and which is internally heated downstream by a flame materialized by the arrow G.
Le tube T comporte une zone de cuisson ou de clinkérisation 1 formant le tronçon aval du four, lequel est d'un diamètre plus petit que le tube ou tronçon amont 2 constituant la zone de préparation ou de précalcination de la matière.The tube T comprises a cooking or clinkering zone 1 forming the downstream section of the oven, which is of a smaller diameter than the upstream tube or section 2 constituting the zone for preparing or precalcinating the material.
Le diamètre de la zone ou tronçon aval 1 peut être compris entre 4 et 5,1 mètres, et sa longueur peut être comprise entre 20 et 60 mètres.The diameter of the downstream zone or section 1 can be between 4 and 5.1 meters, and its length can be between 20 and 60 meters.
Les tronçons aval 1 et amont 2 sont raccordés par une partie conique 3 présentant un demi-angle au sommet qui peut être compris entre 4 et 7 degrés de façon à permettre un briquetage avec des briques standard.The downstream 1 and upstream 2 sections are connected by a
On a montré en 4, 5 et 6 des bandages entourant le tube T et prenant respectivement appui sur des galets 7 permettant ainsi la rotation du tube T qui est entraîné en rotation par un moteur M dont l'arbre de sortie entraîne au moins un pignon B engrenant avec une couronne dentée 9 solidaire du tronçon amont 2.
Comme on le voit bien sur la figure 1, les bandages 4 et 5 sont agencés autour du tronçon aval ou zone de cuisson 1 tandis que le bandage 6 est agencé autour du tronçon amont ou zone de préparation 2. On remarquera ici que la partie médiane du four constituée par la partie de raccordement 3 est située dans une zone où le moment fléchissant est minimum.As can be seen in Figure 1, the
Si une très forte réduction de diamètre de la zone de cuisson 1 est souhaitée, on pourra ajouter en amont du tronçon 1 un autre tronçon (non représenté) de diamètre intermédiaire aux diamètres des tronçons 1 et 2, étant entendu qu'une partie conique de raccordement telle que 3 sera prévue entre ces divers tronçons.If a very large reduction in diameter of the cooking zone 1 is desired, it is possible to add upstream of the section 1 another section (not shown) of intermediate diameter to the diameters of the sections 1 and 2, it being understood that a conical part of connection such as 3 will be provided between these various sections.
On a montré schématiquement en 10 sur la figure 1 un système de précalcination ou préchauffeur qui n'est pas intégré au four ou tube T.There is shown diagrammatically at 10 in FIG. 1 a precalcination or preheater system which is not integrated into the furnace or tube T.
Ainsi, la précalcination de la matière en amont du four, la réduction du diamètre de la zone de clinkérisation ou de cuisson 1 à un diamètre intérieur inférieur ou égal à 5,1 m, et également l'augmentation de la vitesse de rotation du four permettront d'obtenir une augmentation de la production.Thus, the precalcination of the material upstream of the oven, the reduction of the diameter of the clinkering or cooking zone 1 to an internal diameter less than or equal to 5.1 m, and also the increase in the speed of rotation of the oven will allow an increase in production.
Mais, pour une meilleure compréhension de l'invention, on décrira ci-après, en se reportant à la figure 2, la fabrication et les avantages d'un four selon l'invention, lequel est obtenu par la transformation d'un four existant illustré en A à la partie supérieure de la figure 2 et muni à son extrémité aval d'un refroidisseur planétaire ou à ballonnets 11.However, for a better understanding of the invention, the following describes, with reference to FIG. 2, the manufacture and the advantages of an oven according to the invention, which is obtained by the transformation of an existing oven illustrated in A at the upper part of FIG. 2 and provided at its downstream end with a planetary or
Ce four A avec refroidisseur intégré 11 peut faire partie d'une ligne de cuisson de clinker de capacité nominale de 3800 tonnes/jour et posséder une longueur totale de 115 m environ et un diamètre intérieur de 5,6 m. La vitesse de rotation du four A avant transformation était de 2 tours/minute.This oven A with integrated
Pour réaliser le four T de l'invention montré sur la figure 1, et à la partie inférieure de la figure 2, on supprime le refroidisseur 11 du four A, lequel refroidisseur rend d'ailleurs très critique la marche de ce four, et on supprime également la portion de tube du four A qui est associée au refroidisseur.To produce the oven T of the invention shown in FIG. 1, and in the lower part of FIG. 2, the
On obtient ainsi un four allégé B visible sur la figure 2, mais dont la charge supportée par l'appui situé au niveau de la partie centrale du four est considérablement augmentée, comme cela est matérialisé par les flèches 12a et 12b sur la figure 2. On observera ici que, sur cette figure, les courbes représentées sous chaque four A, B et T figurent l'intensité du moment fléchissant en plusieurs points répartis sur la longueur des fours, étant entendu que les flèches sous les trois courbes présentent une dimension proportionnelle à l'importance des charges au niveau de chacun des points d'appui.A lightened oven B is thus obtained visible in FIG. 2, but whose load supported by the support located at the level of the central part of the oven is considerably increased, as shown by the
Après avoir supprimé le refroidisseur 11 comme expliqué précèdemment, on sectionne le four B sensiblement au niveau de sa partie centrale, et on remplace la partie aval sectionnée, c'est-à-dire la partie de gauche sur la figure 2, et on la remplace par un tronçon de tube, qui est le tronçon 1 du four T, lequel tronçon est d'un diamètre plus petit que celui de la partie restante du tube que l'on conserve et qui est raccordée au tronçon 1.After having removed the
En procédant de cette façon, la charge sur l'appui médian ou central du four T de l'invention demeure sensiblement identique à ce qu'elle était sur l'appui correspondant du four A, comme cela est matérialisé par les flèches 12a et 12c. En d'autres termes, la charge supportée par l'appui du tronçon de diamètre réduit 1 au niveau de la partie centrale du four a été ramenée à une valeur nettement plus faible que pour le four B et sensiblement identique à la valeur initiale de la charge supportée par l'appui au niveau de la partie centrale du four A utilisé pour effectuer la transformation.By proceeding in this way, the load on the central or central support of the oven T of the invention remains substantially identical to what it was on the corresponding support of the oven A, as shown by the
Suivant un exemple de réalisation, le tronçon aval 1 du four T correspond à une réduction du diamètre du tronçon aval du four A à un diamètre de 5 m sur une longueur de 43 m, la longueur totale du four transformé obtenu étant alors de 90 m environ.According to an exemplary embodiment, the downstream section 1 of the oven T corresponds to a reduction in the diameter of the downstream section of the oven A to a diameter of 5 m over a length of 43 m, the total length of the transformed oven obtained then being 90 m about.
Le cône de raccordement 3 entre le tronçon aval 1 de 5 m de diamètre et le tronçon amont 2 dont le diamètre est conservé (5,6 m), possède un demi-angle au sommet de 4,8° et une longueur de 3,5 m. On voit bien sur la figure 2 que ce cône 3 est bien situé dans une zone où le moment fléchissant s'annule (voir courbe au bas de la figure 2).The connection cone 3 between the downstream section 1 of 5 m in diameter and the upstream section 2, the diameter of which is kept (5.6 m), has a half-angle at the top of 4.8 ° and a length of 3, 5 m. We can see in Figure 2 that this
La vitesse de rotation du four T est augmentée par rapport à celle du four A de 2 tours/minute à 3,1 tours/minute, et le train d'entraînement couronne/pignon n'est pas changé.The rotational speed of the oven T is increased compared to that of the oven A from 2 revolutions / minute to 3.1 revolutions / minute, and the ring / pinion drive train is not changed.
Ainsi, pour une production donnée, et un même temps de séjour de la matière en zone aval de cuisson et clinkérisation, la vitesse de rotation du four qui est augmentée par rapport à ce qu'elle serait sans modification du diamètre de la zone de clinkérisation ou de cuisson, permet d'améliorer les échanges thermiques dans la zone amont de préparation 2, tandis que le temps de séjour de la matière y est notablement réduit.Thus, for a given production, and the same residence time of the material in the downstream cooking and clinkering zone, the speed of rotation of the oven which is increased compared to what it would be without modifying the diameter of the clinkering zone. or cooking, improves heat exchange in the upstream preparation area 2, while the material residence time is significantly reduced.
On remarquera encore que, pour une production donnée, la puissance thermique disponible en zone aval de clinkérisation est moindre et le taux de précalcination de la matière à l'entrée du four est donc supérieur à ce qu'il serait sans modification du diamètre de la zone de clinkérisation.It will also be noted that, for a given production, the thermal power available in the downstream clinkering zone is lower and the rate of precalcination of the material at the inlet of the furnace is therefore greater than it would be without modification of the diameter of the clinkering zone.
On précisera encore que les trois bandages ou appuis 4. 5, du four T sont situés respectivement à 5 m, 34 m et 73,5 m à partir de l'extrémité aval du tronçon 1. Les charges sur ces appuis, avant la transformation, étaient respectivement de 1485 tonnes, 805 tonnes et 585 tonnes. Après transformation, ces charges sont devenues respectivement 494 tonnes, 813 tonnes et 625 tonnes, ce qui a permis de conserver le génie civil et les galets ou train de roulement de ces appuis.It will also be specified that the three bandages or supports 4.5, of the oven T are located respectively at 5 m, 34 m and 73.5 m from the downstream end of the section 1. The loads on these supports, before the transformation , were 1485 tonnes, 805 tonnes and 585 tonnes respectively. After transformation, these loads became respectively 494 tonnes, 813 tonnes and 625 tonnes, which made it possible to keep the civil engineering and the rollers or undercarriage of these supports.
Il a également été procédé à un essai d'augmentation de la vitesse du four, en passant de la production précédente à 3800 tonnes/jour, à une production de 5500 tonnes/jour.An attempt was also made to increase the speed of the furnace, going from the previous production at 3800 tonnes / day, to a production of 5500 tonnes / day.
On a donc réalisé suivant l'invention et d'une manière très simple un four qui peut être obtenu par transformation d'un four existant en réduisant le diamètre de la zone de cuisson et qui, grâce aux simples opérations de précalcination de la matière en amont du four et de l'augmentation de la vitesse de rotation de ce four, peut permettre des taux de production élevés, et cela sans modifier de façon importante et coûteuse les systèmes mécaniques de support et d'entraînement en rotation du four.There is therefore produced according to the invention and in a very simple manner an oven which can be obtained by transformation of an existing oven by reducing the diameter of the cooking zone and which, thanks to simple precalcination operations of the material in upstream of the oven and the increase in the speed of rotation of this oven, can allow high production rates, and this without significantly and costly modifying the mechanical systems for supporting and driving the oven in rotation.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est nullement limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et illustré qui n'a été donné qu'à titre d'exemple.Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and illustrated, which has been given only by way of example.
C'est ainsi qu'on peut prévoir, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, plusieurs tronçons aval de diamètre progressivement réduit et formant zone de cuisson, et que ces tronçons peuvent posséder des longueurs égales ou différentes.It is thus possible to provide, without departing from the scope of the invention, several downstream sections of progressively reduced diameter and forming a cooking zone, and that these sections may have equal or different lengths.
L'invention comprend donc tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci sont effectuées suivant son esprit.The invention therefore includes all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if these are carried out according to the spirit.
Claims (11)
- à supprimer le refroidisseur à l'extrémité du tube et la portion du tube qui lui est associée, ce qui augmente nettement la charge suppportée par l'appui situé au niveau de la partie centrale du tube,
- à sectionner ledit tube sensiblement au niveau de sa partie centrale, et
- à remplacer l'une des parties du tube ainsi sectionné par au moins un tronçon de tube de diamètre plus petit que celui de la partie restante du tube que l'on conserve et qui est raccordée audit tronçon, de façon que la charge supportée par l'appui dudit tronçon au niveau de ladite partie centrale soit ramenée à une valeur plus faible et sensiblement identique à la valeur initiale de la charge supportée par l'appui au niveau de la partie centrale du four muni du refroidisseur et utilisé pour effectuer la transformation.1. Process for transforming a rotary kiln intended for example for the manufacture of cement and consisting of a tube supported by bearing bearings and provided at one of its ends with a planetary type cooler for example, characterized in what it consists of:
- removing the cooler at the end of the tube and the portion of the tube associated with it, which significantly increases the load borne by the support located at the central part of the tube,
- cutting said tube substantially at its central part, and
- to replace one of the parts of the tube thus sectioned by at least one section of tube with a diameter smaller than that of the remaining part of the tube which is kept and which is connected to said section, so that the load supported by the support of said section at the level of said central part is reduced to a lower value and substantially identical to the initial value of the load supported by the support at the level of the central part of the furnace provided with the cooler and used to carry out the transformation .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8713529A FR2621993B1 (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1987-09-30 | PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF A ROTARY OVEN INTENDED IN PARTICULAR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CEMENT, OVEN OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS AND COOKING LINE PROVIDED WITH THIS OVEN |
| FR8713529 | 1987-09-30 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0310509A1 true EP0310509A1 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
| EP0310509B1 EP0310509B1 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| EP0310509B2 EP0310509B2 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
Family
ID=9355386
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88402457A Expired - Lifetime EP0310509B2 (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1988-09-28 | Transformation process for a rotary drum furnace, particularly for use in the production of cement |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4880379A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0310509B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1315095C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3867787D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2029722T5 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2621993B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT88619B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996035092A1 (en) * | 1995-05-01 | 1996-11-07 | Conoco Inc. | Apparatus for calcining petroleum coke |
| DE19934563B4 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2008-02-21 | Polysius Ag | Process for the conversion of a rotary kiln and planetary cooler system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR28679E (en) * | 1925-03-18 | |||
| US1727217A (en) * | 1926-03-17 | 1929-09-03 | Menno S Price | Kiln |
| DE1783005A1 (en) * | 1968-09-14 | 1971-03-18 | Kanics Andreas Dipl Ing | Method and device for the treatment of small-grain or powdery material in a furnace |
| FR2553501A1 (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1985-04-19 | Kobe Steel Ltd | ROTARY OVEN FOR GRILLING POWDERY RAW MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT AND A PROCESS FOR THE OPERATION THEREOF |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2503686A (en) * | 1946-06-05 | 1950-04-11 | Overmander Machine Inc | Aggregate drier |
| GB1414879A (en) * | 1973-07-31 | 1975-11-19 | Smidth & Co As F L | Methods of and apparatus for burning pulverulent materials |
| DE2519458A1 (en) * | 1975-05-02 | 1976-11-11 | Polysius Ag | ROTARY FURNACE |
-
1987
- 1987-09-30 FR FR8713529A patent/FR2621993B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-09-26 CA CA000578437A patent/CA1315095C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-27 US US07/249,952 patent/US4880379A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-28 EP EP88402457A patent/EP0310509B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-28 DE DE8888402457T patent/DE3867787D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-28 ES ES88402457T patent/ES2029722T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-29 PT PT88619A patent/PT88619B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR28679E (en) * | 1925-03-18 | |||
| US1727217A (en) * | 1926-03-17 | 1929-09-03 | Menno S Price | Kiln |
| DE1783005A1 (en) * | 1968-09-14 | 1971-03-18 | Kanics Andreas Dipl Ing | Method and device for the treatment of small-grain or powdery material in a furnace |
| FR2553501A1 (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1985-04-19 | Kobe Steel Ltd | ROTARY OVEN FOR GRILLING POWDERY RAW MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT AND A PROCESS FOR THE OPERATION THEREOF |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4880379A (en) | 1989-11-14 |
| ES2029722T5 (en) | 1996-05-16 |
| PT88619A (en) | 1989-07-31 |
| EP0310509B1 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| PT88619B (en) | 1993-10-29 |
| FR2621993B1 (en) | 1990-03-23 |
| FR2621993A1 (en) | 1989-04-21 |
| ES2029722T3 (en) | 1992-09-01 |
| DE3867787D1 (en) | 1992-02-27 |
| EP0310509B2 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
| CA1315095C (en) | 1993-03-30 |
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