EP3671038B1 - Assembly and method for the injection of a gaseous combustion agent - Google Patents
Assembly and method for the injection of a gaseous combustion agent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3671038B1 EP3671038B1 EP18306820.4A EP18306820A EP3671038B1 EP 3671038 B1 EP3671038 B1 EP 3671038B1 EP 18306820 A EP18306820 A EP 18306820A EP 3671038 B1 EP3671038 B1 EP 3671038B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- assembly
- injector
- gaseous
- primary
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 80
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 biogas Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000953 kanthal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
- F23K5/005—Gaseous fuel from a central source to a plurality of burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
- F23K5/007—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
- F23D2900/14003—Special features of gas burners with more than one nozzle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2400/00—Pretreatment and supply of gaseous fuel
- F23K2400/20—Supply line arrangements
- F23K2400/201—Control devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/02—Controlling two or more burners
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an assembly for injecting a gaseous combustion agent into a combustion zone, a burner comprising such an assembly and the use of such an assembly / burner in a combustion process.
- the flame characteristics are determined in particular by the nature of the combustion agents (fuel and oxidizer) and the way in which they are introduced into the combustion zone (flow rates, speeds, distribution in space, etc.).
- a burner which comprises a first internal passage for supplying oxidizer rich in oxygen (at least 80% O 2 ), an intermediate passage for supplying fuel externally surrounding the first passage for supplying oxidizer and a second passage oxidizer supply exterior externally surrounding the fuel supply passage.
- the burner comprises a means for varying the flow rate of oxidizer injected through the first interior passage, which makes it possible to control a characteristic of the flame such as the length of the flame and the brightness.
- a burner comprising a first internal passage for supplying oxidizer, an intermediate passage for supplying fuel externally surrounding the first passage for supplying oxidizer and a second external passage for supplying oxidizer externally surrounding the passage of supply of fuel for the heating of a molten glass transfer channel during the production of glass and to adjust the length of flame generated by means of said burner by modifying the proportion of the total flow of oxidizer passing through the first passage of supply of oxidizer.
- the burners mentioned above are burners with concentric and adjacent injection of fuel and oxidizer generating a flame of essentially circular section.
- burners generate so-called “flat flames” and / or inject at least part of the oxidizer at a distance from the injection of the fuel, or even inject at least part of the fuel at a distance from the injection of the oxidizer.
- the at least two gaseous fuel passages each have an internal passage and a coaxial external passage.
- a gaseous fuel flow control means regulates the flow of gaseous fuel through the interior passages and the exterior passages, respectively, by means of a gaseous fuel distributor.
- the known burners do not include any means of feedback to adjust the operation of the burner and therefore the target flame characteristic in real time.
- the present invention relates to an assembly for the injection, into a combustion zone, of a gaseous combustion agent chosen from gaseous fuels and gaseous oxidants.
- the set comprises a chamber and the agent is introduced into the set through an entrance to this chamber.
- the assembly comprises at least one primary injector for transporting a primary flow of agent from the chamber to the combustion zone and for injecting said primary flow into the combustion zone.
- the at least one primary injector is fluidly connected to the chamber by means of at least one passage called the primary passage.
- the assembly also includes at least one secondary injector for transporting a secondary flow of agent from the chamber to the combustion zone and for injecting said secondary flow into the combustion zone.
- the at least one secondary injector is in turn fluidly connected to the chamber by means of at least one passage called the secondary passage.
- the at least one secondary passage has an adjustable flow section.
- An adjustment system for example in the form of a valve, makes it possible to adjust this flow section of the at least one secondary passage.
- the assembly also includes a pressure detector for detecting a pressure or a variation in gas pressure in the chamber as well as a control system connected to the pressure detector.
- the control system is also connected to an adjustment system and controls said adjustment system, so that the flow section of the at least one secondary passage of the assembly is regulated as a function of the pressure or of the variation. pressure detected by the assembly pressure sensor.
- control system which can be an analog or digital control system, is adapted to control the control system so that the gas pressure in the chamber is in a pressure zone predetermined by adjusting the flow section of the at least one secondary passage.
- control system is adapted to control the adjustment system so that the gas pressure in the chamber corresponds to a value predetermined by the adjustment of the flow section of the at least one secondary passage.
- control system of the assembly can be an analog or a digital system. It can be mechanical, for example pneumatic or hydraulic. Preferably, the control system is digital. According to a preferred embodiment, the control system is programmable. In this case, for the implementation of the injection assembly according to the invention, the control system is programmed so as to control the adjustment system so as to actuate the adjustment system as a function of the pressure or of the pressure variation detected by the pressure detector. The gas pressure or the variation in gas pressure detected by the pressure detector is then transmitted to the programmable control system: for example by means of a wired connection or by a wireless connection.
- the adjustment system may include different means for adjusting the flow section of the at least one secondary passage, such as one or more adjustable valves positioned in the at least one secondary passage between the chamber and the at least one.
- a secondary injector or the movement of a mechanical element acting as a shutter of the at least one secondary passage, this movement being generated for example by translation, by rotation (screwing) or by deformation of a mechanical element linked to the shutter or by modification of the magnetic state of a metallic element.
- the adjustment system is provided with at least one shutter capable of adjusting the flow section of the at least one secondary passage by at least partially closing it.
- the at least one secondary passage connecting the at least one secondary injector fluidly to the chamber has a funnel-shaped internal surface and the control system includes a shutter having a corresponding external surface and movable along the longitudinal axis. of the passage secondary. When the shutter is thus moved along said longitudinal axis, the outer surface of the shutter approaches or moves away from the internal surface of the secondary passage and the flow section of said passage is reduced, respectively enlarged.
- control system it may be advantageous to design the control system so that the flow section of the at least one secondary passage is never entirely closed. Indeed, in order to ensure sufficient cooling of the at least one secondary injector and / or to avoid the clogging of at least one secondary injector (for example due to deposits of condensable substances present in the atmosphere of the combustion zone or soot formation from the superheating of the gaseous fuel in contact with at least one secondary injector) minimal gas flow through the at least one secondary injector may be necessary. However, it is also conceivable to ensure such a minimum gas flow by means other than the adjustment system defined above such as for example fluid passages bypassing the shutter and of reduced size in order simply to ensure this minimum flow rate.
- the assemblies are typically made of metal, the injectors or at least the downstream ends (injection ends) often being advantageously made of metals with high resistance to heat and oxidation, such as austenitic nickel steel alloys. -chrome type Inconel® or nickel-free alloys such as Kanthal®.
- the assembly according to the invention can more particularly comprise at least one pair of a primary injector with a secondary injector, pair in which one of the primary injector and the secondary injector surrounds the other of the primary injector. and the secondary injector.
- the primary injector can thus surround the secondary injector or the secondary injector can surround the primary injector of the torque.
- the primary torque injector is surrounded by the secondary torque injector.
- the primary injector and the secondary torque injector are concentric.
- a non-concentric arrangement can be useful.
- the fluid can be a gaseous oxidizer, such as a gas containing at least 80% by volume and preferably at least 90% by volume of oxygen.
- the primary torque injector is centrally located and surrounded by the secondary torque injector, preferably concentrically.
- An injector for injecting fuel into the combustion zone is located between the primary injector and the secondary torque injector, so that the fuel injector surrounds the primary oxidant injector and is surrounded by the 'secondary oxidizer injector, the assembly thus forms part of a burner for the (at least partial) combustion of the fuel with the oxidizer and in which the flow section of the secondary injector and therefore also the distribution of the oxidant between the primary flow rate and the secondary flow rate are regulated by the control system by means of the adjustment system according to the gas pressure or the variation in gas pressure in the chamber of the assembly detected by the pressure detector.
- the fluid is a gaseous fuel, such as natural gas.
- the primary torque injector is centrally located and surrounded by the secondary injector, preferably concentrically.
- An injector for injecting oxidant into the combustion zone is located between the primary injector and the secondary torque injector, so that the oxidant injector surrounds the primary fuel injector and is surrounded by the secondary fuel injector.
- the oxidizer is preferably a gas containing at least 80% by volume and more preferably at least 90% by volume of oxygen.
- the assembly thus forms part of a burner for the (at least partial) combustion of the fuel with the oxidizer and in which the flow section of the secondary injector and therefore also the distribution of the fuel between the primary flow rate and the flow rate Secondary fuel are regulated by the control system by means of the adjustment system according to the gas pressure or the variation in gas pressure in the chamber of the assembly detected by the pressure detector.
- the assembly according to the invention may comprise a single primary injector and a single secondary injector and in particular a single pair of a primary injector with a secondary injector.
- the assembly according to the invention comprises several primary injectors and / or several secondary injectors and in particular several pairs of a primary injector with a secondary injector.
- the at least one secondary injector of the assembly is spaced from the at least one primary injector of the assembly without the at least one primary injector of the assembly surrounds a secondary injector of the assembly and without the at least one secondary injector of the assembly surrounding a primary injector of the assembly.
- the at least one primary injector can in particular extend in a first plane, while the at least one secondary injector extends in a second plane, the second plane being parallel to the first plane. In this way, it is possible to inject the primary flow and the secondary flow of the gaseous combustion agent into the combustion zone in two parallel planes.
- the at least one primary injector extends in a first plane and the at least one secondary injector extends in a second plane, the first plane and the second plane intersecting downstream of said primary injectors and secondary, that is to say inside the combustion zone into which the gaseous combustion agent is injected.
- the assembly according to the invention may include at least two primary injectors and / or at least two secondary injectors, preferably at least two primary injectors and at least two secondary injectors. This is particularly advantageous in the case where, as described above, the at least one primary injector extends in a first plane and the at least one secondary injector extends in a second plane different from the first plane.
- the inlet of the assembly which is also the inlet of the chamber of the assembly, is fluidly connected to a source of gaseous fuel, preferably to a source of gaseous fuel chosen from natural gas, biogas, propane, butane, residual gases from iron and steel or methane reforming processes, hydrogen, any mixture of said gaseous fuels, or to a source of an oxidizer gaseous, preferably having an oxygen content of 21 to 100% vol, preferably greater than 21% vol and in particular at least 80% vol, more preferably at least 90% vol.
- a source of gaseous fuel preferably to a source of gaseous fuel chosen from natural gas, biogas, propane, butane, residual gases from iron and steel or methane reforming processes, hydrogen, any mixture of said gaseous fuels, or to a source of an oxidizer gaseous, preferably having an oxygen content of 21 to 100% vol, preferably greater than 21% vol and in particular at least 80% vol, more preferably at least 90% vol.
- Such a source can be a reservoir of the gaseous agent in gaseous form or in liquefied form, a supply conduit transporting said gaseous agent or a generator of said gaseous agent.
- the invention also relates to an installation comprising several assemblies according to any one of the embodiments described above.
- this installation may be preferable for this installation to include a common control system capable of controlling, preferably independently, the adjustment system of each assembly of the installation as a function of the gas pressure or the variation in gas pressure detected by the pressure detector of said assembly.
- the assembly can be incorporated into a burner.
- Such a burner according to the invention therefore comprises an assembly according to any one of the above embodiments for the injection into a combustion zone of a gaseous combustion agent chosen from a gaseous fuel and a gaseous oxidizer.
- Such a burner typically also comprises at least one additional injector for injecting an additional fluid into the combustion zone.
- the at least one additional injector is suitable for the injection of a gaseous oxidant into the combustion zone and when the gaseous agent injected by the 'together is a gaseous oxidizer, the at least one additional injector is suitable for the injection of a fuel (gaseous or non-gaseous) into the combustion zone.
- the burner comprises a block with an inlet face and an outlet face opposite the inlet face.
- the combustion zone is located downstream of the exit face.
- the block is typically made of a refractory material, such as a cement, or an electrofused material, or a pressed material, composed mainly of alumina and / or zirconia and / or silica and / or or magnesia or a mixture of these components in varying proportions depending on the application process.
- a refractory material such as a cement, or an electrofused material, or a pressed material, composed mainly of alumina and / or zirconia and / or silica and / or or magnesia or a mixture of these components in varying proportions depending on the application process.
- the assembly is then attached to the inlet face of the block so that the injectors of the burner, and therefore also the injectors of the assembly, are positioned in one or more perforations which pass through the block of the face of. entry to exit face.
- a burner according to the invention may, for example comprise such a block with one or more first perforations which end at a first level in the outlet face of the block as well as one or more additional perforations which end in the face. output to a second level below or above the first level.
- the assembly comprises at least two and preferably at least three primary injectors and secondary injectors for the transport and injection of gaseous fuel into the combustion zone.
- Each of the primary injectors forms a couple with one of the secondary injectors.
- each of the primary injectors surrounds one of the secondary injectors.
- each of the secondary injectors surrounds one of the primary injectors.
- the burner also includes several additional injectors for transporting and injecting oxidant into the combustion zone.
- Said additional injectors are positioned in the additional passage or passages of the block so as to allow the injection of oxidizer into the combustion zone above or below the gaseous fuel.
- the additional injectors may extend in a plane parallel to the plane of the torques of a primary injector with a secondary injector.
- the additional injectors can define an oxidizer injection plane which intersects the plane of the torques in the combustion zone downstream of the outlet face where the oxidizer injected by the additional injectors mixes and reacts with it. the fuel injected by the couples.
- the additional passage (s) terminate in the exit face of the block above the first passage (s). According to another embodiment, the additional passage (s) terminate in the exit face of the block below the first passage (s).
- the block comprises one or more additional passages which terminate in the outlet face at a level situated above the first level and in which there are at least two and preferably at least three injectors. for the oxidizer, as well as one or more additional passages which terminate in the outlet face of the block below the first level and in which or which are also at least two and preferably at least three additional injectors for the oxidizer.
- This embodiment makes it possible to inject, according to the needs of the process, oxidizer into the combustion zone above, below or above and below the gaseous fuel.
- the invention also relates to a furnace comprising an internal combustion zone and equipped with at least one assembly according to the invention for the injection of a gaseous combustion agent chosen from gaseous fuels and gaseous oxidants into said combustion zone.
- a gaseous combustion agent chosen from gaseous fuels and gaseous oxidants into said combustion zone.
- the at least one assembly can form part of a burner according to the invention, in which case the oven is equipped with at least one burner according to the invention.
- the present invention can in particular advantageously be implemented in a furnace selected from furnaces for manufacturing or reheating glass or enamels, furnaces for manufacturing or recycling or reheating metals such as rotary furnaces or aluminum lampposts. , copper or lead, cast iron, steel, etc.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a combustion process in which a gaseous combustion agent chosen from gaseous fuels and oxidizers is injected into a combustion zone by means of an assembly according to the invention, said assembly possibly forming part. of a burner according to the invention.
- the pressure detector of each assembly detects the gas pressure or a variation of the gas pressure in the chamber of this assembly
- the adjustment system of the assembly regulates the flow section of its at least one secondary passage
- the control system controls the control system so that the flow section of the at least one secondary passage of each assembly is regulated according to the pressure or the pressure variation detected by the pressure sensor of this set.
- each assembly can have its own control system connected to the pressure detector and to the system. adjustment, the control system controlling the adjustment system so that the flow section of the at least one secondary passage is regulated as a function of the pressure or of the pressure variation detected by the pressure detector of said assembly.
- a common control system can control the adjustment system of each assembly as a function of the pressure or of the pressure variation detected by the pressure detector of the assembly in question.
- the system for adjusting the assembly can be controlled so that the gas pressure in the chamber of the assembly is located in a predetermined pressure zone or else so that the gas pressure in the chamber of the set corresponds to a predetermined value.
- the gaseous combustion agent injected into the combustion zone by means of the assembly is a gaseous fuel chosen from natural gas, biogas, propane, butane, residual gases from iron and steel processes or from methane reforming, l 'hydrogen or any mixture of the gases mentioned above, or a gaseous oxidizer, preferably having an oxygen content from 21 to 100% vol, preferably greater than 21% vol and in particular at least 80% vol, more preferably at least 90% vol.
- the process according to the invention is particularly useful for carrying out combustion inside a combustion zone in the context of a process such as the manufacture or recycling of glass or enamels, the manufacture or recycling or reheating of metals such as aluminum, copper, lead, cast iron, steel, etc.
- the figures 1, 2 , and 3 show a fluid inlet chamber (11).
- the primary injector (21) is fluidly connected to the chamber (11) by means of a primary passage (23).
- the secondary injector is fluidly connected to the chamber (11) by means of a secondary passage (24).
- the secondary passage (24) has an adjustable flow section.
- An adjustment system (32) makes it possible to adjust this section. flow of the secondary passage (24) thanks to a shutter (33).
- figures 1, 2 and 3 also show a pressure detector (30) for detecting a gas pressure or a variation in gas pressure in the chamber (11) as well as a control system (31) connected to the pressure detector (30).
- the control system is also connected to and controls the adjustment system (32).
- the figure 4 schematically represents an assembly comprising three primary injectors (21) each surrounded by its concentric secondary injector (22), a chamber (11).
- the primary injectors (21) are fluidly connected to the chamber (11) by the primary passages (23).
- the secondary injectors (22) are fluidly connected to the chamber (11) by the secondary passages (24).
- the secondary passage has an adjustable flow section.
- An adjustment system (32) makes it possible to adjust this flow section of the secondary passage (24) by means of a shutter (33).
- a pressure detector (30) is present for the detection of a pressure or a variation of gas pressure in the chamber (11).
- a control system (31) is connected to the pressure detector (30). This control system is also connected to and controls the adjustment system (32).
- the burner comprising a block (40) with an inlet face (41) and an outlet face (42) opposite the inlet face, as well as additional injectors (50) for the injection of 'an additional fluid in the combustion zone (1).
- the automatic adjustment by feedback system according to the present invention can advantageously be implemented in various combustion processes such as the production of glass.
- Glass production furnaces mainly use air preheated to over 1000 ° C as an oxidizer. This hot air is obtained as it passes through regenerators (stack of refractory bricks). The volume of oxidizer injected into the furnace at this temperature level constitutes a significant amount of movement.
- Oxy-combustion that is to say combustion with an oxidizer containing at least 80% vol and preferably at least 90% vol of oxygen
- oxy flames are very disturbed by the flames, called “aero flames”, coming from the regenerators operating with hot air, because lower momentum of oxy flames.
- oxy flames are very disturbed by the flames, called “aero flames”, coming from the regenerators operating with hot air, because lower momentum of oxy flames.
- These disturbances can create interference of the oxy flame with the molten solid and unburnt material and thus glass quality or energy efficiency problems.
- These problems are all the more important when the power (and therefore the flow rates of the combustion agents) of the oxy-burners is reduced for lower production increase phases. It is therefore essential to maximize the momentum or momentum of the oxy flames throughout the power range of the oxy-burners.
- the present invention can advantageously be used in this case by defining a predefined pressure range or a predefined pressure making it possible to ensure an automatic distribution of flow rate between the primary and secondary injections so as to maximize the pulse of the oxy flame whatever the total fuel flow.
- the power of an oxy-burner can be 800 kW while for a production increase of 8%, the power of an oxy-burner can be of 1.8 MW. It has been determined that a pressure of 300 mbarg at the level of the distribution chamber between the two fuel injections makes it possible to ensure a very stable flame at both 800 kW and 1800 kW. The automatic adjustment according to the invention of the distribution of the fuel as a function of the gas pressure in the chamber when the power varies will thus make it possible to optimize production costs, limit quality defects and optimize energy consumption.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un ensemble pour l'injection d'un agent de combustion gazeux dans une zone de combustion, un brûleur comportant un tel ensemble et l'utilisation d'un tel ensemble/brûleur dans un procédé de combustion.The present invention relates to an assembly for injecting a gaseous combustion agent into a combustion zone, a burner comprising such an assembly and the use of such an assembly / burner in a combustion process.
Dans les procédés industriels de combustion, par exemple afin de transformer une charge (four de fusion, de réchauffage, de recyclage, etc.), on recherche certaines caractéristiques de flamme, en particulier une forme et une longueur de flamme adaptée à l'enceinte de combustion et/ou à la charge que l'on souhaite chauffer, afin d'obtenir un profil de transfert thermique déterminé et d'optimiser la qualité de la production et la durée de vie des équipements.In industrial combustion processes, for example in order to transform a load (melting, reheating, recycling furnace, etc.), certain flame characteristics are sought, in particular a shape and a flame length adapted to the enclosure. combustion and / or the load to be heated, in order to obtain a determined heat transfer profile and to optimize the quality of production and the service life of the equipment.
Les caractéristiques de flamme sont notamment déterminées par la nature des agents de combustion (combustible et comburant) et la façon dont ils sont introduits dans la zone de combustion (débits, vitesses, répartition dans l'espace, etc.).The flame characteristics are determined in particular by the nature of the combustion agents (fuel and oxidizer) and the way in which they are introduced into the combustion zone (flow rates, speeds, distribution in space, etc.).
Ainsi, de
De manière analogue, il est connu de
Les brûleurs mentionnés ci-dessus sont des brûleurs avec injection concentrique et adjacente de combustible et comburant générant une flamme de section essentiellement circulaire.The burners mentioned above are burners with concentric and adjacent injection of fuel and oxidizer generating a flame of essentially circular section.
D'autres brûleurs génèrent des flammes dites « flammes plates » et/ou injectent au moins une partie du comburant à une distance de l'injection du combustible, voire injectent au moins une partie du combustible à une distance de l'injection du comburant.Other burners generate so-called “flat flames” and / or inject at least part of the oxidizer at a distance from the injection of the fuel, or even inject at least part of the fuel at a distance from the injection of the oxidizer.
Ainsi
- au moins deux passages de combustible gazeux ;
- au moins un passage d'oxydant et
- au moins une surface de sortie dans laquelle le au moins un passage de combustible gazeux ou le au moins un passage d'oxydant se terminent.
- at least two gaseous fuel passages;
- at least one oxidant pass and
- at least one exit surface in which the at least one gaseous fuel passage or the at least one oxidant passage terminates.
Ce brûleur connu comprend également :
- des moyens aptes à fournir un débit d'oxydant, ainsi que des moyens pour l'injection dudit débit d'oxydant dans le au moins un passage d'oxydant et
- des moyens aptes à fournir au moins un débit de combustible gazeux, ainsi que des moyens pour l'injection de ce débit de combustible gazeux dans les au moins deux passages de combustible gazeux,
- means capable of providing an oxidant flow rate, as well as means for injecting said oxidant flow rate into the at least one oxidant passage and
- means capable of supplying at least one flow of gaseous fuel, as well as means for injecting this flow of gaseous fuel into the at least two gaseous fuel passages,
Suivant
Un moyen de contrôle d'écoulement de combustible gazeux régule le débit de combustible gazeux à travers respectivement les passages intérieurs et les passages extérieurs au moyen d'un distributeur de combustible gazeux.A gaseous fuel flow control means regulates the flow of gaseous fuel through the interior passages and the exterior passages, respectively, by means of a gaseous fuel distributor.
Ceci permet de contrôler à la fois le profil de transfert thermique et la longueur de flamme.This makes it possible to control both the heat transfer profile and the flame length.
S'il est ainsi connu qu'il est possible de modifier certaines caractéristiques, et notamment la longueur de la flamme générée en ajustant la répartition du débit de combustible ou de comburant sur plusieurs passages/injecteurs concentriques, les brûleurs connus ne comportent aucun moyen de rétroaction permettant d'ajuster le fonctionnement du brûleur et donc la caractéristique visée de la flamme en temps réel.If it is thus known that it is possible to modify certain characteristics, and in particular the length of the flame generated by adjusting the distribution of the flow of fuel or oxidizer over several passages / concentric injectors, the known burners do not include any means of feedback to adjust the operation of the burner and therefore the target flame characteristic in real time.
Il a maintenant, de manière surprenante, été découvert qu'il est possible de réaliser un tel système de rétroaction sur la base d'une pression détectée de l'agent de combustion gazeux avant sa répartition.It has now, surprisingly, been discovered that it is possible to realize such a feedback system on the basis of a detected pressure of the gaseous combustion agent before its distribution.
La présente invention concerne un ensemble pour l'injection, dans une zone de combustion, d'un agent gazeux de combustion choisi parmi les combustibles gazeux et les comburants gazeux. L'ensemble comporte une chambre et l'agent est introduit dans l'ensemble par une entrée de cette chambre.The present invention relates to an assembly for the injection, into a combustion zone, of a gaseous combustion agent chosen from gaseous fuels and gaseous oxidants. The set comprises a chamber and the agent is introduced into the set through an entrance to this chamber.
L'ensemble comporte au moins un injecteur primaire pour le transport d'un débit primaire de l'agent de la chambre vers la zone de combustion et pour l'injection dudit débit primaire dans la zone de combustion. A cette fin, le au moins un injecteur primaire est fluidiquement relié à la chambre au moyen d'au moins un passage dit passage primaire.The assembly comprises at least one primary injector for transporting a primary flow of agent from the chamber to the combustion zone and for injecting said primary flow into the combustion zone. To this end, the at least one primary injector is fluidly connected to the chamber by means of at least one passage called the primary passage.
L'ensemble comporte aussi au moins un injecteur secondaire pour le transport d'un débit secondaire de l'agent de la chambre vers la zone de combustion et pour l'injection dudit débit secondaire dans la zone de combustion. Le au moins un injecteur secondaire est à son tour fluidiquement relié à la chambre au moyen d'au moins un passage dit passage secondaire. Le au moins un passage secondaire présente une section d'écoulement réglable.The assembly also includes at least one secondary injector for transporting a secondary flow of agent from the chamber to the combustion zone and for injecting said secondary flow into the combustion zone. The at least one secondary injector is in turn fluidly connected to the chamber by means of at least one passage called the secondary passage. The at least one secondary passage has an adjustable flow section.
Un système de réglage, par exemple sous la forme d'une vanne, permet de régler cette section d'écoulement du au moins un passage secondaire.An adjustment system, for example in the form of a valve, makes it possible to adjust this flow section of the at least one secondary passage.
L'ensemble comporte aussi un détecteur de pression pour la détection d'une pression ou d'une variation de pression gazeuse dans la chambre ainsi qu'un système de contrôle relié au détecteur de pression.The assembly also includes a pressure detector for detecting a pressure or a variation in gas pressure in the chamber as well as a control system connected to the pressure detector.
Le système de contrôle est également relié à un système de réglage et contrôle ledit système de réglage, de manière à ce que la section d'écoulement du au moins un passage secondaire de l'ensemble est régulée en fonction de la pression ou de la variation de pression détectée par le détecteur de pression de l'ensemble.The control system is also connected to an adjustment system and controls said adjustment system, so that the flow section of the at least one secondary passage of the assembly is regulated as a function of the pressure or of the variation. pressure detected by the assembly pressure sensor.
Suivant une forme de réalisation, le système de contrôle, qui peut être un système de contrôle analogue ou digital, est adapté pour piloter le système de réglage de manière à ce que la pression gazeuse dans la chambre se situe dans une zone de pression prédéterminée par le réglage de la section d'écoulement du au moins un passage secondaire.According to one embodiment, the control system, which can be an analog or digital control system, is adapted to control the control system so that the gas pressure in the chamber is in a pressure zone predetermined by adjusting the flow section of the at least one secondary passage.
Suivant encore une forme de réalisation, le système de contrôle est adapté pour piloter le système de réglage de manière à ce que la pression gazeuse dans la chambre corresponde à une valeur prédéterminée par le réglage de la section d'écoulement du au moins un passage secondaire.According to yet another embodiment, the control system is adapted to control the adjustment system so that the gas pressure in the chamber corresponds to a value predetermined by the adjustment of the flow section of the at least one secondary passage. .
Il est à noter que la zone ou plage de pression prédéterminée peut être constante dans le temps, mais qu'elle peut également varier dans le temps, par exemple :
- en fonction des étapes du procédé, tel que par exemple, un procédé de fusion ou un procédé de réchauffage, dans lequel l'ensemble est utilisé, procédé qui peut être cyclique ou non-cyclique,
- en fonction de la puissance requise dans la zone de combustion ou
- en fonction d'un paramètre de rétroaction (feedback) autre que la pression dans la chambre de l'ensemble.
- depending on the process steps, such as, for example, a melting process or a reheating process, in which the assembly is used, which process can be cyclic or non-cyclic,
- depending on the power required in the combustion zone or
- as a function of a feedback parameter other than the pressure in the chamber of the assembly.
Les remarques ci-dessus s'appliquent également à la valeur prédéterminée de la pression gazeuse. Comme indiqué ci-dessus, le système de contrôle de l'ensemble peut être un système analogue ou digital. Il peut être mécanique, par exemple pneumatique ou hydraulique. De préférence, le système de contrôle est digital. Suivant une forme de réalisation préférée, le système de contrôle est programmable. Dans ce cas, pour la mise en œuvre de l'ensemble d'injection suivant l'invention, le système de contrôle est programmé de manière à piloter le système de réglage de manière à actionner le système de réglage en fonction de la pression ou de la variation de pression détectée par le détecteur de pression. La pression gazeuse ou la variation de pression gazeuse détectée par le détecteur de pression est alors transmise vers le système de contrôle programmable : par exemple au moyen d'une connexion câblée ou par une connexion sans fil.The above remarks also apply to the predetermined value of gas pressure. As indicated above, the control system of the assembly can be an analog or a digital system. It can be mechanical, for example pneumatic or hydraulic. Preferably, the control system is digital. According to a preferred embodiment, the control system is programmable. In this case, for the implementation of the injection assembly according to the invention, the control system is programmed so as to control the adjustment system so as to actuate the adjustment system as a function of the pressure or of the pressure variation detected by the pressure detector. The gas pressure or the variation in gas pressure detected by the pressure detector is then transmitted to the programmable control system: for example by means of a wired connection or by a wireless connection.
Le système de réglage peut comporter différents moyens pour le réglage de la section d'écoulement du au moins un passage secondaire, tels qu'une ou plusieurs vannes ajustables positionnée(s) dans le au moins un passage secondaire entre la chambre et le au moins un injecteur secondaire, ou le mouvement d'un élément mécanique faisant office d'obturateur du au moins un passage secondaire, ce mouvement étant généré par exemple par translation, par rotation (vissage) ou par déformation d'un élément mécanique lié à l'obturateur ou encore par modification de l'état magnétique d'un élément métallique.The adjustment system may include different means for adjusting the flow section of the at least one secondary passage, such as one or more adjustable valves positioned in the at least one secondary passage between the chamber and the at least one. a secondary injector, or the movement of a mechanical element acting as a shutter of the at least one secondary passage, this movement being generated for example by translation, by rotation (screwing) or by deformation of a mechanical element linked to the shutter or by modification of the magnetic state of a metallic element.
Suivant une forme de réalisation simple et fiable, le système de réglage est muni d'au moins un obturateur apte à régler la section d'écoulement du au moins un passage secondaire en l'obturant au moins partiellement.According to a simple and reliable embodiment, the adjustment system is provided with at least one shutter capable of adjusting the flow section of the at least one secondary passage by at least partially closing it.
Un tel système de réglage peut notamment prendre la forme suivante. Le au moins un passage secondaire reliant le au moins un injecteur secondaire fluidiquement à la chambre présente une surface interne en forme d'entonnoir et le système de réglage comporte un obturateur ayant une surface externe correspondante et pouvant être déplacé le long de l'axe longitudinal du passage secondaire. Quand l'obturateur est ainsi déplacé le long dudit axe longitudinal, la surface externe de l'obturateur se rapproche ou s'éloigne de la surface interne du passage secondaire et la section d'écoulement dudit passage s'en trouve réduite, respectivement agrandie.Such an adjustment system can in particular take the following form. The at least one secondary passage connecting the at least one secondary injector fluidly to the chamber has a funnel-shaped internal surface and the control system includes a shutter having a corresponding external surface and movable along the longitudinal axis. of the passage secondary. When the shutter is thus moved along said longitudinal axis, the outer surface of the shutter approaches or moves away from the internal surface of the secondary passage and the flow section of said passage is reduced, respectively enlarged.
Il est également à noter qu'il peut être avantageux de concevoir le système de réglage de manière à ce que la section d'écoulement du au moins un passage secondaire n'est jamais entièrement fermée. En effet, afin d'assurer un refroidissement suffisant du au moins un injecteur secondaire et/ou d'éviter le bouchage du au moins un injecteur secondaire (par exemple à cause de dépôts de substances condensables présentes dans l'atmosphère de la zone de combustion ou la formation de suie issue de la surchauffe du combustible gazeux en contact au moins un injecteur secondaire) un écoulement gazeux minimal à travers le au moins un injecteur secondaire peut être nécessaire. Il est toutefois également envisageable d'assurer un tel écoulement gazeux minimal par des moyens autres que le système de réglage défini ci-dessus comme par exemple des passages fluides court-circuitant l'obturateur et de taille réduite afin de simplement assurer ce débit minimum.It should also be noted that it may be advantageous to design the control system so that the flow section of the at least one secondary passage is never entirely closed. Indeed, in order to ensure sufficient cooling of the at least one secondary injector and / or to avoid the clogging of at least one secondary injector (for example due to deposits of condensable substances present in the atmosphere of the combustion zone or soot formation from the superheating of the gaseous fuel in contact with at least one secondary injector) minimal gas flow through the at least one secondary injector may be necessary. However, it is also conceivable to ensure such a minimum gas flow by means other than the adjustment system defined above such as for example fluid passages bypassing the shutter and of reduced size in order simply to ensure this minimum flow rate.
Les ensembles sont typiquement réalisés en métal, les injecteurs ou au moins les extrémités aval (extrémités d'injection) étant souvent avantageusement réalisés en des métaux à haute résistance à la chaleur et à l'oxydation, tels que les alliages d'aciers austénitiques nickel-chrome de type Inconel® ou des alliages sans nickel de type Kanthal ®.The assemblies are typically made of metal, the injectors or at least the downstream ends (injection ends) often being advantageously made of metals with high resistance to heat and oxidation, such as austenitic nickel steel alloys. -chrome type Inconel® or nickel-free alloys such as Kanthal®.
L'ensemble suivant l'invention peut plus particulièrement comporter au moins un couple d'un injecteur primaire avec un injecteur secondaire, couple dans lequel l'un de l'injecteur primaire et l'injecteur secondaire entoure l'autre de l'injecteur primaire et l'injecteur secondaire. L'injecteur primaire peut ainsi entourer l'injecteur secondaire ou l'injecteur secondaire peut entourer l'injecteur primaire du couple.The assembly according to the invention can more particularly comprise at least one pair of a primary injector with a secondary injector, pair in which one of the primary injector and the secondary injector surrounds the other of the primary injector. and the secondary injector. The primary injector can thus surround the secondary injector or the secondary injector can surround the primary injector of the torque.
Suivant une forme de réalisation avantageuse, l'injecteur primaire du couple est entouré de l'injecteur secondaire du couple.According to an advantageous embodiment, the primary torque injector is surrounded by the secondary torque injector.
Suivant une forme de réalisation particulière, l'injecteur primaire et l'injecteur secondaire du couple sont concentriques. Toutefois, dans certains cas, un arrangement non-concentrique peut être utile.According to a particular embodiment, the primary injector and the secondary torque injector are concentric. However, in some cases a non-concentric arrangement can be useful.
Il est à noter qu'une telle configuration en couple n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments et en particulier la présence d'un ou plusieurs autres injecteurs dans ou autour l'un ou l'autre des injecteurs du couple.It should be noted that such a configuration in couple does not exclude the presence of other elements and in particular the presence of one or more other injectors in or around one or the other of the injectors of the couple.
Par exemple, suivant une forme de réalisation particulière, le fluide peut être un comburant gazeux, tel qu'un gaz contenant au moins 80%vol et de préférence au moins 90%vol d'oxygène. L'injecteur primaire du couple se situe au centre et est entouré par l'injecteur secondaire du couple, de préférence de manière concentrique. Un injecteur pour l'injection de combustible dans la zone de combustion se situe entre l'injecteur primaire et l'injecteur secondaire du couple, de manière à ce que l'injecteur de combustible entoure l'injecteur primaire de comburant et est entouré de l'injecteur secondaire de comburant, l'ensemble fait ainsi partie d'un brûleur pour la combustion (au moins partielle) du combustible avec le comburant et dans lequel la section d'écoulement de l'injecteur secondaire et donc également la répartition du comburant entre le débit primaire et le débit secondaire sont réglées par le système de contrôle au moyen du système de réglage en fonction de la pression gazeuse ou la variation de pression gazeuse dans la chambre de l'ensemble détectée par le détecteur de pression.For example, according to a particular embodiment, the fluid can be a gaseous oxidizer, such as a gas containing at least 80% by volume and preferably at least 90% by volume of oxygen. The primary torque injector is centrally located and surrounded by the secondary torque injector, preferably concentrically. An injector for injecting fuel into the combustion zone is located between the primary injector and the secondary torque injector, so that the fuel injector surrounds the primary oxidant injector and is surrounded by the 'secondary oxidizer injector, the assembly thus forms part of a burner for the (at least partial) combustion of the fuel with the oxidizer and in which the flow section of the secondary injector and therefore also the distribution of the oxidant between the primary flow rate and the secondary flow rate are regulated by the control system by means of the adjustment system according to the gas pressure or the variation in gas pressure in the chamber of the assembly detected by the pressure detector.
Suivant une autre forme de réalisation analogue, le fluide est un combustible gazeux, tel que le gaz naturel. L'injecteur primaire du couple se situe au centre et est entouré par l'injecteur secondaire, de préférence de manière concentrique. Un injecteur pour l'injection de comburant dans la zone de combustion se situe entre l'injecteur primaire et l'injecteur secondaire du couple, de manière à ce que l'injecteur de comburant entoure l'injecteur primaire de combustible et est entouré de l'injecteur secondaire de combustible. Le comburant est de préférence gaz contenant au moins 80%vol et encore de préférence au moins 90%vol d'oxygène. L'ensemble fait ainsi partie d'un brûleur pour la combustion (au moins partiel) du combustible avec le comburant et dans lequel la section d'écoulement de l'injecteur secondaire et donc également la répartition du combustible entre le débit primaire et le débit secondaire de combustible sont réglées par le système de contrôle au moyen du système de réglage en fonction de la pression gazeuse ou la variation de pression gazeuse dans la chambre de l'ensemble détectée par le détecteur de pression.According to another similar embodiment, the fluid is a gaseous fuel, such as natural gas. The primary torque injector is centrally located and surrounded by the secondary injector, preferably concentrically. An injector for injecting oxidant into the combustion zone is located between the primary injector and the secondary torque injector, so that the oxidant injector surrounds the primary fuel injector and is surrounded by the secondary fuel injector. The oxidizer is preferably a gas containing at least 80% by volume and more preferably at least 90% by volume of oxygen. The assembly thus forms part of a burner for the (at least partial) combustion of the fuel with the oxidizer and in which the flow section of the secondary injector and therefore also the distribution of the fuel between the primary flow rate and the flow rate Secondary fuel are regulated by the control system by means of the adjustment system according to the gas pressure or the variation in gas pressure in the chamber of the assembly detected by the pressure detector.
L'ensemble suivant l'invention peut comporter un seul injecteur primaire et un seul injecteur secondaire et en particulier un seul couple d'un injecteur primaire avec un injecteur secondaire. Suivant une forme de réalisation alternative, l'ensemble suivant l'invention comporte plusieurs injecteurs primaires et/ou plusieurs injecteurs secondaires et en particulier plusieurs couples d'un injecteur primaire avec un injecteur secondaire.The assembly according to the invention may comprise a single primary injector and a single secondary injector and in particular a single pair of a primary injector with a secondary injector. According to an alternative embodiment, the assembly according to the invention comprises several primary injectors and / or several secondary injectors and in particular several pairs of a primary injector with a secondary injector.
Suivant un mode de réalisation particulier, le au moins un injecteur secondaire de l'ensemble est espacé du au moins un injecteur primaire de l'ensemble sans que le au moins un injecteur primaire de l'ensemble entoure un injecteur secondaire de l'ensemble et sans que le au moins un injecteur secondaire de l'ensemble entoure un injecteur primaire de l'ensemble.According to a particular embodiment, the at least one secondary injector of the assembly is spaced from the at least one primary injector of the assembly without the at least one primary injector of the assembly surrounds a secondary injector of the assembly and without the at least one secondary injector of the assembly surrounding a primary injector of the assembly.
Dans ce cas, le au moins un injecteur primaire peut notamment s'étendre dans un premier plan, tandis que le au moins un injecteur secondaire s'étend dans un second plan, le second plan étant parallèle au premier plan. De cette manière, il est possible d'injecter le débit primaire et le débit secondaire de l'agent gazeux de combustion dans la zone de combustion selon deux plans parallèles.In this case, the at least one primary injector can in particular extend in a first plane, while the at least one secondary injector extends in a second plane, the second plane being parallel to the first plane. In this way, it is possible to inject the primary flow and the secondary flow of the gaseous combustion agent into the combustion zone in two parallel planes.
Suivant une forme de réalisation alternative, le au moins un injecteur primaire s'étend dans un premier plan et le au moins un injecteur secondaire s'étend dans un second plan, le premier plan et le deuxième plan se coupant en aval desdits injecteurs primaires et secondaires, c'est-à-dire à l'intérieur de la zone de combustion dans lequel l'agent gazeux de combustion est injecté. L'ensemble suivant l'invention peut comporter au moins deux injecteurs primaires et/ou au moins deux injecteurs secondaires, de préférence au moins deux injecteurs primaires et au moins deux injecteurs secondaires. Ceci est notamment avantageux dans le cas où, comme décrit ci-dessus, le au moins un injecteur primaire s'étend dans un premier plan et le au moins un injecteur secondaire s'étend dans un second plan différent du premier plan.According to an alternative embodiment, the at least one primary injector extends in a first plane and the at least one secondary injector extends in a second plane, the first plane and the second plane intersecting downstream of said primary injectors and secondary, that is to say inside the combustion zone into which the gaseous combustion agent is injected. The assembly according to the invention may include at least two primary injectors and / or at least two secondary injectors, preferably at least two primary injectors and at least two secondary injectors. This is particularly advantageous in the case where, as described above, the at least one primary injector extends in a first plane and the at least one secondary injector extends in a second plane different from the first plane.
Pour l'injection de l'agent gazeux dans la zone de combustion, l'entrée de l'ensemble, qui est également l'entrée de la chambre de l'ensemble, est fluidiquement reliée à une source de combustible gazeux, de préférence à une source de combustible gazeux choisi parmi le gaz naturel, le biogaz, le propane, le butane, les gaz résiduels de procédés sidérurgiques ou de reformage du méthane, l'hydrogène, tout mélange desdits combustibles gazeux, ou à une source d'un comburant gazeux, ayant de préférence une teneur en oxygène de 21 à 100%vol, de préférence supérieure à 21%vol et notamment d'au moins 80%vol, encore de préférence au moins 90%vol.For the injection of the gaseous agent into the combustion zone, the inlet of the assembly, which is also the inlet of the chamber of the assembly, is fluidly connected to a source of gaseous fuel, preferably to a source of gaseous fuel chosen from natural gas, biogas, propane, butane, residual gases from iron and steel or methane reforming processes, hydrogen, any mixture of said gaseous fuels, or to a source of an oxidizer gaseous, preferably having an oxygen content of 21 to 100% vol, preferably greater than 21% vol and in particular at least 80% vol, more preferably at least 90% vol.
Une telle source peut être un réservoir de l'agent gazeux sous forme gazeuse ou sous forme liquéfiée, un conduit d'alimentation transportant ledit agent gazeux ou un générateur dudit agent gazeux.Such a source can be a reservoir of the gaseous agent in gaseous form or in liquefied form, a supply conduit transporting said gaseous agent or a generator of said gaseous agent.
L'invention concerne également une installation comportant plusieurs ensembles suivant l'une quelconque des formes de réalisation décrites ci-dessus. Dans ce cas, il peut être préférable que cette installation comporte un système de contrôle commun apte à piloter, préférentiellement indépendamment, le système de réglage de chaque ensemble de l'installation en fonction de la pression gazeuse ou la variation de pression gazeuse détectée par le détecteur de pression dudit ensemble.The invention also relates to an installation comprising several assemblies according to any one of the embodiments described above. In this case, it may be preferable for this installation to include a common control system capable of controlling, preferably independently, the adjustment system of each assembly of the installation as a function of the gas pressure or the variation in gas pressure detected by the pressure detector of said assembly.
Comme indiqué ci-dessus, l'ensemble peut être incorporé dans un brûleur.As indicated above, the assembly can be incorporated into a burner.
Un tel brûleur suivant l'invention comprend donc un ensemble suivant l'une quelconque des formes de réalisation ci-dessus pour l'injection dans une zone de combustion d'un agent gazeux de combustion choisi parmi un combustible gazeux et un comburant gazeux.Such a burner according to the invention therefore comprises an assembly according to any one of the above embodiments for the injection into a combustion zone of a gaseous combustion agent chosen from a gaseous fuel and a gaseous oxidizer.
Un tel brûleur comporte typiquement également au moins un injecteur additionnel pour l'injection d'un fluide additionnel dans la zone de combustion. En règle générale, quand l'agent gazeux injecté par l'ensemble est un combustible gazeux, le au moins un injecteur additionnel est adapté pour l'injection d'un comburant gazeux dans la zone de combustion et quand l'agent gazeux injecté par l'ensemble est un comburant gazeux, le au moins un injecteur additionnel est adapté pour l'injection d'un combustible (gazeux ou non-gazeux) dans la zone de combustion.Such a burner typically also comprises at least one additional injector for injecting an additional fluid into the combustion zone. As a general rule, when the gaseous agent injected by the assembly is a gaseous fuel, the at least one additional injector is suitable for the injection of a gaseous oxidant into the combustion zone and when the gaseous agent injected by the 'together is a gaseous oxidizer, the at least one additional injector is suitable for the injection of a fuel (gaseous or non-gaseous) into the combustion zone.
Suivant une forme de réalisation, le brûleur comporte un bloc avec une face d'entrée et une face de sortie à l'opposé de la face d'entrée. La zone de combustion se trouve en aval de la face de sortie.According to one embodiment, the burner comprises a block with an inlet face and an outlet face opposite the inlet face. The combustion zone is located downstream of the exit face.
Contrairement à l'ensemble, le bloc est typiquement réalisé en matériau réfractaire, tel qu'un ciment, ou un matériau de type électrofondu, ou un matériau pressé, composé principalement d'alumine et/ou de zircone et/ou de silice et/ou de magnésie ou d'un mélange de ces composants dans des proportions variées en fonction du procédé d'application.Unlike the assembly, the block is typically made of a refractory material, such as a cement, or an electrofused material, or a pressed material, composed mainly of alumina and / or zirconia and / or silica and / or or magnesia or a mixture of these components in varying proportions depending on the application process.
L'ensemble est alors attaché à la face d'entrée du bloc de manière à ce que les injecteurs du brûleur, et donc aussi les injecteurs de l'ensemble, se positionnent dans une ou plusieurs perforations qui traversent le bloc de la face d'entrée jusqu'à la face de sortie.The assembly is then attached to the inlet face of the block so that the injectors of the burner, and therefore also the injectors of the assembly, are positioned in one or more perforations which pass through the block of the face of. entry to exit face.
Ainsi, un brûleur suivant l'invention peut, par exemple comporter un tel bloc avec une ou plusieurs premières perforations qui se terminent à un premier niveau dans la face de sortie du bloc ainsi qu'une ou plusieurs perforations additionnelles qui se terminent dans la face de sortie à un deuxième niveau situé en-dessous ou au-dessus du premier niveau. L'ensemble comporte au moins deux et de préférence au moins trois injecteurs primaires et injecteurs secondaires pour le transport et l'injection de combustible gazeux dans la zone de combustion. Chacun des injecteurs primaires forme un couple avec un des injecteurs secondaires. Suivant une forme de réalisation, chacun des injecteurs primaires entoure un des injecteurs secondaires. Suivant une forme de réalisation préférée, chacun des injecteurs secondaires entoure un des injecteurs primaires. Ces couples, par exemple en triples exemplaires, se positionnent dans la ou les premières perforations qui se terminent au premier niveau. Le brûleur comporte également plusieurs injecteurs additionnels pour le transport et l'injection de comburant dans la zone de combustion. Lesdits injecteurs additionnels se positionnent dans le ou les passages additionnels du bloc de manière à permettre l'injection de comburant dans la zone de combustion au-dessus ou en-dessous le combustible gazeux. Les injecteurs additionnels peuvent s'étendre dans un plan parallèle au plan des couples d'un injecteur primaire avec un injecteur secondaire. Suivant une autre forme de réalisation, les injecteurs additionnels peuvent définir un plan d'injection du comburant qui coupe le plan des couples dans la zone de combustion en aval de la face de sortie où le comburant injecté par les injecteurs additionnels se mélange et réagit avec le combustible injecté par les couples.Thus, a burner according to the invention may, for example comprise such a block with one or more first perforations which end at a first level in the outlet face of the block as well as one or more additional perforations which end in the face. output to a second level below or above the first level. The assembly comprises at least two and preferably at least three primary injectors and secondary injectors for the transport and injection of gaseous fuel into the combustion zone. Each of the primary injectors forms a couple with one of the secondary injectors. According to one embodiment, each of the primary injectors surrounds one of the secondary injectors. According to a preferred embodiment, each of the secondary injectors surrounds one of the primary injectors. These couples, by example in triplicate, are positioned in the first perforation (s) which end at the first level. The burner also includes several additional injectors for transporting and injecting oxidant into the combustion zone. Said additional injectors are positioned in the additional passage or passages of the block so as to allow the injection of oxidizer into the combustion zone above or below the gaseous fuel. The additional injectors may extend in a plane parallel to the plane of the torques of a primary injector with a secondary injector. According to another embodiment, the additional injectors can define an oxidizer injection plane which intersects the plane of the torques in the combustion zone downstream of the outlet face where the oxidizer injected by the additional injectors mixes and reacts with it. the fuel injected by the couples.
Comme déjà indiqué ci-dessus, d'autres et en particulier un ou plusieurs injecteurs autres due l'injecteur primaire et l'injecteur secondaire du couple peuvent être présents dans ou autour l'un ou l'autre de l'injecteur primaire et l'injecteur secondaire du couple.As already indicated above, others and in particular one or more other injectors due to the primary injector and the secondary torque injector may be present in or around one or the other of the primary injector and the secondary torque injector.
Suivant une première forme de réalisation, le ou les passages additionnels se terminent dans la face de sortie du bloc au-dessus du ou des premiers passages. Suivant une autre forme de réalisation, le ou les passages additionnels se terminent dans la face de sortie du bloc en-dessous du ou des premiers passages.According to a first embodiment, the additional passage (s) terminate in the exit face of the block above the first passage (s). According to another embodiment, the additional passage (s) terminate in the exit face of the block below the first passage (s).
Suivant une troisième forme de réalisation, le bloc comporte un ou plusieurs passages additionnels qui se terminent dans la face de sortie à un niveau situé au-dessus du premier niveau et dans lequel ou lesquels se trouvent au moins deux et de préférence au moins trois injecteurs additionnels pour le comburant, ainsi qu'un ou plusieurs passages additionnels qui se terminent dans la face de sortie du bloc en-dessous du premier niveau et dans lequel ou lesquels se trouvent également au moins deux et de préférence au moins trois injecteurs additionnels pour le comburant. Cette forme de réalisation permet d'injecter, selon les besoins du procédé, du comburant dans la zone de combustion au-dessus, en-dessous ou au-dessus et en dessous du combustible gazeux. L'invention concerne aussi un four comportant une zone de combustion interne et équipé d'au moins un ensemble suivant l'invention pour l'injection d'un agent gazeux de combustion choisi parmi les combustibles gazeux et les comburants gazeux dans ladite zone de combustion. Comme indiqué ci-dessus, le au moins un ensemble peut faire partie d'un brûleur suivant l'invention, auquel cas le four est équipé d'au moins un brûleur suivant l'invention.According to a third embodiment, the block comprises one or more additional passages which terminate in the outlet face at a level situated above the first level and in which there are at least two and preferably at least three injectors. for the oxidizer, as well as one or more additional passages which terminate in the outlet face of the block below the first level and in which or which are also at least two and preferably at least three additional injectors for the oxidizer. This embodiment makes it possible to inject, according to the needs of the process, oxidizer into the combustion zone above, below or above and below the gaseous fuel. The invention also relates to a furnace comprising an internal combustion zone and equipped with at least one assembly according to the invention for the injection of a gaseous combustion agent chosen from gaseous fuels and gaseous oxidants into said combustion zone. . As indicated above, the at least one assembly can form part of a burner according to the invention, in which case the oven is equipped with at least one burner according to the invention.
La présente invention peut notamment avantageusement être mise en œuvre dans un four sélectionné parmi les fours de fabrication ou réchauffage de verre ou d'émaux, les fours de fabrication ou de recyclage ou de réchauffage de métaux tels que les fours rotatifs ou réverbères d'aluminium, de cuivre ou de plomb, de fonte, d'acier, etc.The present invention can in particular advantageously be implemented in a furnace selected from furnaces for manufacturing or reheating glass or enamels, furnaces for manufacturing or recycling or reheating metals such as rotary furnaces or aluminum lampposts. , copper or lead, cast iron, steel, etc.
Un autre aspect de la présente invention est un procédé de combustion dans lequel un agent gazeux de combustion choisi parmi les combustibles gazeux et les comburants est injecté dans une zone de combustion au moyen d'un ensemble suivant l'invention, ledit ensemble pouvant faire partie d'un brûleur suivant l'invention.Another aspect of the present invention is a combustion process in which a gaseous combustion agent chosen from gaseous fuels and oxidizers is injected into a combustion zone by means of an assembly according to the invention, said assembly possibly forming part. of a burner according to the invention.
Selon ce procédé, le détecteur de pression de chaque ensemble détecte la pression gazeuse ou une variation de la pression gazeuse dans la chambre de cet ensemble, le système de réglage de l'ensemble régule la section d'écoulement de son au moins un passage secondaire, et le système de contrôle pilote le système de réglage de manière à ce que la section d'écoulement du au moins un passage secondaire de chaque ensemble est régulée en fonction de la pression ou de la variation de pression détectée par le détecteur de pression de cet ensemble.According to this method, the pressure detector of each assembly detects the gas pressure or a variation of the gas pressure in the chamber of this assembly, the adjustment system of the assembly regulates the flow section of its at least one secondary passage , and the control system controls the control system so that the flow section of the at least one secondary passage of each assembly is regulated according to the pressure or the pressure variation detected by the pressure sensor of this set.
Comme déjà décrit ci-dessus dans le contexte de l'installation et du four suivant l'invention, dans le cas où plusieurs ensembles sont utilisés dans le procédé, chaque ensemble peut avoir son propre système de contrôle relié au détecteur de pression et au système de réglage, le système de contrôle pilotant le système de réglage de manière à ce que la section d'écoulement du au moins un passage secondaire est régulée en fonction de la pression ou de la variation de pression détectée par le détecteur de pression dudit ensemble. De manière souvent avantageuse, toutefois, un système de contrôle commun peut piloter le système de réglage de chaque ensemble en fonction de la pression ou de la variation de pression détectée par le détecteur de pression de l'ensemble en question. Comme également déjà indiqué précédemment, le système de réglage de l'ensemble peut être piloté de manière à ce que la pression gazeuse dans la chambre de l'ensemble se situe dans une zone de pression prédéterminée ou encore de manière à ce que la pression gazeuse dans la chambre de l'ensemble corresponde à une valeur prédéterminée.As already described above in the context of the installation and of the furnace according to the invention, in the case where several assemblies are used in the process, each assembly can have its own control system connected to the pressure detector and to the system. adjustment, the control system controlling the adjustment system so that the flow section of the at least one secondary passage is regulated as a function of the pressure or of the pressure variation detected by the pressure detector of said assembly. Often advantageously, however, a common control system can control the adjustment system of each assembly as a function of the pressure or of the pressure variation detected by the pressure detector of the assembly in question. As also already indicated previously, the system for adjusting the assembly can be controlled so that the gas pressure in the chamber of the assembly is located in a predetermined pressure zone or else so that the gas pressure in the chamber of the set corresponds to a predetermined value.
L'agent gazeux de combustion injecté dans la zone de combustion au moyen de l'ensemble est un combustible gazeux choisi parmi le gaz naturel, le biogaz, le propane, le butane, les gaz résiduels de procédés sidérurgiques ou de reformage du méthane, l'hydrogène ou tout mélange des gaz mentionnés précédemment, ou un comburant gazeux, ayant de préférence une teneur en oxygène de 21 à 100%vol, de préférence supérieure à 21% vol et notamment d'au moins 80%vol, encore de préférence au moins 90%vol.The gaseous combustion agent injected into the combustion zone by means of the assembly is a gaseous fuel chosen from natural gas, biogas, propane, butane, residual gases from iron and steel processes or from methane reforming, l 'hydrogen or any mixture of the gases mentioned above, or a gaseous oxidizer, preferably having an oxygen content from 21 to 100% vol, preferably greater than 21% vol and in particular at least 80% vol, more preferably at least 90% vol.
Le procédé suivant l'invention est notamment utile pour réaliser une combustion à l'intérieur d'une zone de combustion dans le contexte d'un procédé tel que la fabrication ou recyclage de verre ou d'émaux, la fabrication ou recyclage ou réchauffage de métaux tels que l'aluminium, le cuivre, le plomb, la fonte, l'acier, etc.The process according to the invention is particularly useful for carrying out combustion inside a combustion zone in the context of a process such as the manufacture or recycling of glass or enamels, the manufacture or recycling or reheating of metals such as aluminum, copper, lead, cast iron, steel, etc.
L'invention et ses avantages seront mieux compris à la lumière des exemples suivants : (référence étant faite aux
- la
figure 1 représente schématiquement un ensemble comportant un injecteur primaire (21) avec un injecteur secondaire (22) concentriques, l'injecteur secondaire (22) entourant l'injecteur primaire (21) ; - la
figure 2 représente schématiquement un ensemble comportant un injecteur primaire (21) avec un injecteur secondaire (22) concentriques, l'injecteur primaire (21) entourant l'injecteur secondaire (22) ; - la
figure 3 représente schématiquement un ensemble comportant un injecteur primaire (21) avec un injecteur secondaire (22) non concentriques, séparés par une distance, - les
figures 4 et5 représentent schématiquement deux vues de l'ensemble incorporé dans un brûleur pour l'injection dans une zone de combustion (1) d'un agent gazeux de combustion.
- the
figure 1 schematically shows an assembly comprising a primary injector (21) with a secondary injector (22) concentric, the secondary injector (22) surrounding the primary injector (21); - the
figure 2 schematically represents an assembly comprising a primary injector (21) with a secondary injector (22) concentric, the primary injector (21) surrounding the secondary injector (22); - the
figure 3 schematically represents an assembly comprising a primary injector (21) with a non-concentric secondary injector (22), separated by a distance, - the
figures 4 and5 schematically represent two views of the assembly incorporated in a burner for the injection into a combustion zone (1) of a gaseous combustion agent.
Les
La
Les injecteurs primaires (21) sont fluidiquement reliés à la chambre (11) par les passages primaires (23). Les injecteurs secondaires (22) sont fluidiquement reliés à la chambre (11) par les passages secondaires (24). Le passage secondaire présente une section d'écoulement réglable. Un système de réglage (32) permet de régler cette section d'écoulement du passage secondaire (24) grâce à un obturateur (33). Un détecteur de pression (30) est présent pour la détection d'une pression ou d'une variation de pression gazeuse dans la chambre (11). Un système de contrôle (31) est relié au détecteur de pression (30). Ce système de contrôle est également relié au et pilote le système de réglage (32).The primary injectors (21) are fluidly connected to the chamber (11) by the primary passages (23). The secondary injectors (22) are fluidly connected to the chamber (11) by the secondary passages (24). The secondary passage has an adjustable flow section. An adjustment system (32) makes it possible to adjust this flow section of the secondary passage (24) by means of a shutter (33). A pressure detector (30) is present for the detection of a pressure or a variation of gas pressure in the chamber (11). A control system (31) is connected to the pressure detector (30). This control system is also connected to and controls the adjustment system (32).
Dans les
Le réglage automatique par système de rétroaction suivant la présente invention peut avantageusement être mis en œuvre dans différents procédés de combustion comme la production de verre.The automatic adjustment by feedback system according to the present invention can advantageously be implemented in various combustion processes such as the production of glass.
Les fours de production de verre utilisent principalement de l'air préchauffé à plus de 1000°C comme comburant. Cet air chaud est obtenu au passage à travers des régénérateurs (empilement de briques réfractaires). Le volume de comburant injecté dans le four à ce niveau de température constitue une quantité de mouvement importante.Glass production furnaces mainly use air preheated to over 1000 ° C as an oxidizer. This hot air is obtained as it passes through regenerators (stack of refractory bricks). The volume of oxidizer injected into the furnace at this temperature level constitutes a significant amount of movement.
Au cours de la campagne d'un four, il peut s'avérer nécessaire d'augmenter la production au-delà de la capacité des régénérateurs qui ne peuvent fournir une quantité plus importante d'air chaud à cause de la limitation de la tirée des ventilateurs. Un problème similaire se présente quand l'état des briques ne permettant pas ou plus d'obtenir les températures de préchauffage voulues. L'installation de brûleusr opérant avec un comburant riche en oxygène (oxy-brûleur) apparaît alors comme une solution particulièrement adaptée. Ces brûleurs sont généralement installés dans les ouvertures disponibles près des régénérateurs. L'oxy-combustion (c'est-à-dire la combustion avec un comburant contenant au mons 80%vol et de préférence au moins 90%vol d'oxygèner) générant un volume de fumées 4 fois plus faible que la combustion à l'air et avec une efficacité au moins équivalente, les flammes issues des oxy-brûleurs (ci-après « flammes oxy » sont très perturbées par les flammes, dit « flammes aéro », issues des régénérateurs opérant à l'air chaud, du fait de la plus faible quantité de mouvement des flammes oxy. Ces perturbations peuvent créer des interférences de la flamme oxy avec la matière solide en fusion et des imbrûlés et ainsi des problèmes de qualité du verre ou d'efficacité énergétique. Ces problèmes sont d'autant plus important lorsque la puissance (et donc les débits des agents de combustion) des oxy-brûleurs est réduite pour des phases d'augmentation de production plus faibles. Il est donc primordial de maximiser l'impulsion ou quantité de mouvement des flammes oxy dans toute la gamme de puissance des oxy-brûleurs.During the campaign of a furnace, it may be necessary to increase production beyond the capacity of the regenerators which cannot supply a greater quantity of hot air due to the limitation of the output of the heaters. fans. A similar problem arises when the condition of the bricks does not or no longer allow the desired preheating temperatures to be obtained. The burner installation operating with an oxygen-rich oxidizer (oxy-burner) then appears to be a particularly suitable solution. These burners are generally installed in the openings available near the regenerators. Oxy-combustion (that is to say combustion with an oxidizer containing at least 80% vol and preferably at least 90% vol of oxygen) generating a volume of fumes 4 times lower than combustion at l 'air and with at least equivalent efficiency, the flames coming from the oxy-burners (hereinafter “oxy flames” are very disturbed by the flames, called “aero flames”, coming from the regenerators operating with hot air, because lower momentum of oxy flames. These disturbances can create interference of the oxy flame with the molten solid and unburnt material and thus glass quality or energy efficiency problems. These problems are all the more important when the power (and therefore the flow rates of the combustion agents) of the oxy-burners is reduced for lower production increase phases. It is therefore essential to maximize the momentum or momentum of the oxy flames throughout the power range of the oxy-burners.
Des systèmes comme ceux décrit dans le document
La présente invention peut avantageusement être utilisé dans ce cas en définissant une plage de pression prédéfinie ou une pression prédéfinie permettant d'assurer une répartition automatique de débit entre les injections primaires et secondaires de façon à maximiser l'impulsion de la flamme oxy quel que soit le débit total de combustible.The present invention can advantageously be used in this case by defining a predefined pressure range or a predefined pressure making it possible to ensure an automatic distribution of flow rate between the primary and secondary injections so as to maximize the pulse of the oxy flame whatever the total fuel flow.
Par exemple, dans le cas d'une augmentation de production de 4%, la puissance d'un oxy-brûleur peut être de 800 kW alors que pour une augmentation de production de 8%, la puissance d'un oxy-brûleur peut être de 1,8 MW. Il a été déterminé qu'une pression de 300 mbarg au niveau de la chambre de distribution entre les deux injections de combustibles permet d'assurer une flamme très stable aussi bien à 800 kW qu'à 1800 kW. Le réglage automatique suivant l'invention de la distribution du combustible en fonction de la pression gazeuse dans la chambre lorsque la puissance varie permettra ainsi d'optimiser les coûts de production, de limiter les défauts de qualité et d'optimiser la consommation énergétique.For example, in the case of a production increase of 4%, the power of an oxy-burner can be 800 kW while for a production increase of 8%, the power of an oxy-burner can be of 1.8 MW. It has been determined that a pressure of 300 mbarg at the level of the distribution chamber between the two fuel injections makes it possible to ensure a very stable flame at both 800 kW and 1800 kW. The automatic adjustment according to the invention of the distribution of the fuel as a function of the gas pressure in the chamber when the power varies will thus make it possible to optimize production costs, limit quality defects and optimize energy consumption.
Claims (15)
- Assembly for injecting a gaseous combustion agent into a combustion zone, which gaseous combustion agent is selected from gaseous fuels and gaseous oxidants, the assembly comprising:• a chamber (11) having an inlet, through which the agent is introduced into the assembly;• at least one primary injector (21) for conveying a primary flow of the agent from the chamber (11) toward the combustion zone (1) and for injecting said primary flow into the combustion zone (1), said at least one primary injector being fluidly connected to the chamber (11) by means of at least one primary passage (23);• at least one secondary injector (22) for conveying a secondary flow of the agent from the chamber (11) toward the combustion zone (1) and for injecting said secondary flow into the combustion zone, said at least one secondary injector being fluidly connected to the chamber by means of at least one secondary passage (24);and a regulating system (31) for regulating a flow section of the at least one secondary passage;
characterized in that said assembly also comprises:• a pressure detector (30) for detecting a gas pressure or a variation in gas pressure in the chamber; and• a control system (32) connected to the pressure detector and to the regulating system, the control system controlling the regulating system so that the flow section of the at least one secondary passage is regulated as a function of the pressure or of the variation in pressure detected by the pressure detector. - Assembly according to Claim 1, wherein the control system controls the regulating system so that the gas pressure in the chamber is located in a predetermined pressure zone or so that the gas pressure in the chamber corresponds to a value that is predetermined by regulating the flow section of the at least one secondary passage.
- Assembly according to either one of the preceding claims, wherein the regulating system is provided with at least one valve (33) capable of regulating the flow section of the at least one secondary passage.
- Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one pair of a primary injector with a secondary injector, in which pair one from among the primary injector and the secondary injector surrounds the other one from among the primary injector and the secondary injector.
- Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least two primary injectors and/or at least two secondary injectors, preferably at least two primary injectors and at least two secondary injectors.
- Installation comprising a plurality of assemblies according to any one of the preceding claims, the installation preferably comprising a common control system that is connected to the pressure detector of each assembly and that is capable of controlling the regulating system of each assembly as a function of the gas pressure or of the variation in gas pressure detected by the pressure detector of said assembly.
- Burner comprising an assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for injecting a gaseous combustion agent into a combustion zone, which gaseous combustion agent is selected from a gaseous fuel and a gaseous oxidant, and at least one additional injector for injecting an additional fluid into the combustion zone.
- Burner according to Claim 7, comprising a block (40) with an inlet face (41) and an outlet face (42) opposite the inlet face (41), in which burner the assembly is attached to the inlet face (41) of the block (40) so that the injectors of the burner are positioned in one or more perforations passing through the block of the inlet face to the outlet face.
- Burner according to Claim 8, wherein the primary and secondary injectors of the assembly form pairs of a primary injector with a secondary injector, the pairs being positioned in at least one first perforation of the block (40) and the at least one additional injector being positioned in at least one additional perforation of the block (40).
- Burner according to Claim 9, comprising at least two pairs and at least two additional injectors, wherein the pairs define a first injection plane for the fluid and wherein the injectors define a second injection plane for the additional fluid that is different from the first plane, the second plane being parallel to the first plane or being oriented so as to intersect the first plane in the combustion zone downstream of the outlet face (42).
- Furnace comprising an internal combustion zone and comprising at least one assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 5 for injecting a gaseous combustion agent into the internal combustion zone of the furnace, which gaseous combustion agent is selected from gaseous fuels and gaseous oxidants, the at least one assembly optionally forming part of a burner according to any one of Claims 7 to 10.
- Furnace according to Claim 11 comprising a plurality of assemblies, the furnace preferably comprising a common control system that is connected to the pressure detector of each assembly and that is capable of controlling the regulating system of each assembly as a function of the gas pressure or of the variation in gas pressure detected by the pressure detector of said assembly.
- Combustion method, wherein a gaseous combustion agent is injected into an internal combustion zone by means of an assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, which gaseous combustion agent is selected from gaseous fuels and oxidants, said assembly optionally forming part of a burner according to any one of Claims 7 to 10, in which method:• the pressure detector of the assembly detects the gas pressure in the chamber of the assembly;• the system for regulating the assembly regulates the flow section of the at least one secondary passage; and• the system for controlling the assembly controls the system for regulating the assembly so that the flow section of the at least one secondary passage is regulated as a function of the pressure or of the variation in pressure detected by the pressure detector of the assembly.
- Method according to Claim 13, wherein the control system controls the regulating system so that the gas pressure in the chamber is located in a predetermined pressure zone or so that the gas pressure in the chamber of the assembly corresponds to a value that is predetermined by regulating the flow section of the at least one secondary passage of the assembly.
- Method according to either of Claims 13 and 14, wherein the gaseous combustion agent is a gaseous fuel selected from natural gas, biogas, propane, butane, the residual gases of steel-making or methane-reforming methods, hydrogen or any mixture of at least two of these gaseous fuels, or is a gaseous oxidant with an oxygen content of 21 to 100 vol%, preferably greater than 21 vol%, and in particular at least 80 vol%, more preferably at least 90 vol%.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES18306820T ES2894624T3 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | Assembly and procedure for the injection of a gaseous combustion agent |
EP18306820.4A EP3671038B1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | Assembly and method for the injection of a gaseous combustion agent |
US17/416,771 US20220074592A1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-11-28 | Assembly and method for injecting a gaseous combustion agent |
PCT/EP2019/082987 WO2020126401A1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-11-28 | Assembly and method for injecting a gaseous combustion agent |
JP2021535184A JP2022514328A (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-11-28 | Gaseous combustion agent injection assembly and method |
CN201980083376.4A CN113195976A (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-11-28 | Assembly and method for injecting gaseous combustion agents |
BR112021011579-0A BR112021011579A2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-11-28 | ASSEMBLY AND METHOD FOR INJECTING A GAS COMBUSTION AGENT |
MX2021007420A MX2021007420A (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-11-28 | Assembly and method for injecting a gaseous combustion agent. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18306820.4A EP3671038B1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | Assembly and method for the injection of a gaseous combustion agent |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3671038A1 EP3671038A1 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
EP3671038B1 true EP3671038B1 (en) | 2021-07-28 |
Family
ID=65200535
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18306820.4A Active EP3671038B1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | Assembly and method for the injection of a gaseous combustion agent |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220074592A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3671038B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2022514328A (en) |
CN (1) | CN113195976A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112021011579A2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2894624T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2021007420A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020126401A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3715717B9 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2021-11-24 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Combustion method and burner for implementing the same |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5439142Y2 (en) * | 1976-04-09 | 1979-11-20 | ||
US5743723A (en) | 1995-09-15 | 1998-04-28 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Oxy-fuel burner having coaxial fuel and oxidant outlets |
FR2788110B1 (en) | 1998-12-30 | 2001-02-16 | Air Liquide | COMBUSTION PROCESS AND ITS USES FOR THE PREPARATION OF GLASS AND METAL |
GB2421543B (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2006-11-29 | Scion Sprays Ltd | A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine |
EP2147202B1 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2012-02-01 | Volvo Lastvagnar AB | Method and arrangement for monitoring of injector |
EP2143999A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-13 | L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Burner assembly and method of combustion |
US20110265488A1 (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | General Electric Company | ALTERNATE METHOD FOR DILUENT INJECTION FOR GAS TURBINE NOx EMISSIONS CONTROL |
EP2500645B1 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2015-01-28 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Oxygen-fired low-NOx gas burner and combustion method |
CN104285100B (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2016-03-30 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | By producing the method for flat flame containing oxygen solid fuel burner |
US9334813B2 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2016-05-10 | Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. | Control system for a dual-fuel engine |
DE102013012943B4 (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2018-03-22 | Ee Emission Engineering Gmbh | Method for operating a multi-burner system |
US20160131382A1 (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-05-12 | Howard Rosen | Method and apparatus of networked thermostats providing for reduced peak power demand |
US10584051B2 (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2020-03-10 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Double-staged oxy-fuel burner |
-
2018
- 2018-12-21 EP EP18306820.4A patent/EP3671038B1/en active Active
- 2018-12-21 ES ES18306820T patent/ES2894624T3/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-11-28 MX MX2021007420A patent/MX2021007420A/en unknown
- 2019-11-28 US US17/416,771 patent/US20220074592A1/en active Pending
- 2019-11-28 CN CN201980083376.4A patent/CN113195976A/en active Pending
- 2019-11-28 JP JP2021535184A patent/JP2022514328A/en active Pending
- 2019-11-28 WO PCT/EP2019/082987 patent/WO2020126401A1/en active Application Filing
- 2019-11-28 BR BR112021011579-0A patent/BR112021011579A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113195976A (en) | 2021-07-30 |
ES2894624T3 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
EP3671038A1 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
US20220074592A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
WO2020126401A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
JP2022514328A (en) | 2022-02-10 |
MX2021007420A (en) | 2021-08-05 |
BR112021011579A2 (en) | 2021-08-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2736854B1 (en) | Hybrid plant and method for melting glass | |
EP2731918B1 (en) | Glass-melting equipment and process | |
CA2764748C (en) | Method for adjusting an oven for baking anodes, and oven suitable for implementing same | |
EP0481835B1 (en) | Method for heating a thermal enclosure and burner | |
EP3671038B1 (en) | Assembly and method for the injection of a gaseous combustion agent | |
EP0850883A2 (en) | Process for making technical glass and burner for carrying out said method | |
EP1702177A1 (en) | Staged combustion method with optimised injection of primary oxidant | |
CA2633019C (en) | Staged oxyfuel combustion method using pre-heated reagents | |
EP2546204A1 (en) | Method and installation for melting glass | |
EP3114243B1 (en) | Industrial furnace for heating products such as steel products | |
EP0989362A1 (en) | Process to heat a furnace | |
EP1618334A1 (en) | Staged combustion method for a liquid fuel and an oxidant in a furnace | |
EP3177872B1 (en) | Burner with adjustable air or gas injection | |
EP2212620A2 (en) | Combustion method and system | |
EP3715717B9 (en) | Combustion method and burner for implementing the same | |
WO2016102825A1 (en) | Oxy-fuel burner for low-calorific fuel gas and use thereof | |
EP3482131A1 (en) | Method for preheating a fluid upstream of a furnace | |
EP2956416B1 (en) | Installation with a furnace with an external heat recovery exchanger and combustion method using such an installation | |
FR2926350A1 (en) | METHOD AND FUSION OVEN. | |
EP2307324B1 (en) | Burner assembly with enhanced flexibility | |
FR2944336A1 (en) | Burner for rapid combustion of a pre-mixture of gaseous fuel and an oxidant gas, comprises a mixture device having a fuel inlet, a gas inlet and a mixture outlet, a chamber, an injection opening for the mixture, and a back flame | |
BE833540A (en) | DEVELOPMENT OF COWPERS | |
FR2710727A1 (en) | Heat withdrawal device for the flame of a gas burner operating in a confined environment, burner making application thereof and radiation heating installation employing it |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20210111 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20210406 |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTC | Intention to grant announced (deleted) | ||
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20210531 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1415034 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20210815 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602018020758 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: FP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG9D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1415034 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20210728 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211129 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211028 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20211222 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2894624 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 Effective date: 20220215 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211029 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602018020758 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20220429 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211221 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211231 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20181221 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20221221 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20221221 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20221221 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20231220 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20231221 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20231222 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20231214 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: BG Payment date: 20231221 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20231220 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20240130 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210728 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Payment date: 20231219 Year of fee payment: 6 |