EP0310509B2 - Transformation process for a rotary drum furnace, particularly for use in the production of cement - Google Patents
Transformation process for a rotary drum furnace, particularly for use in the production of cement Download PDFInfo
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- EP0310509B2 EP0310509B2 EP88402457A EP88402457A EP0310509B2 EP 0310509 B2 EP0310509 B2 EP 0310509B2 EP 88402457 A EP88402457 A EP 88402457A EP 88402457 A EP88402457 A EP 88402457A EP 0310509 B2 EP0310509 B2 EP 0310509B2
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- tube
- cooler
- kiln
- oven
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
Definitions
- the present invention essentially relates to a process for transforming a rotary kiln intended for example for the manufacture of cement and of the type consisting of a tube which is supported by bearing bearings and is provided at one of its ends with '' a planetary or balloon type cooler.
- these ovens consist of an inclined sheet metal tube which has an interior refractory lining in bricks and which is rotated by appropriate means (WH DUDA, Cement Data Book, Vol. 1, Bauverlag GmbH, 1985, pages 312, 383, 389).
- the crusting which occurs on the brick coating during firing and which is moreover essential, is relatively thin compared to an oven of smaller diameter, because the effect of vault is less. As a result, the crusting deteriorates all the more as In large diameter ovens, brickwork is highly stressed by the thermal load, and this much more than in the case of smaller diameter ovens.
- this kind of rotary oven generally comprises bandages bearing on rollers or the like allowing the rotation of the oven.
- the tires supported by the rollers tend to ovalize, so that the briquetting and crusting assembly is subjected to alternating mechanical forces which are all the more significant. that the oven is bigger.
- the deformations or premature wear of the mechanical connections, and in particular of the bandage-tube connection contribute to reinforcing the ovalization of the oven at the level of the bandages, which consequently weakens the refractory lining of the oven.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a process for transforming a rotary kiln which makes it possible to achieve a kiln whose mechanical and briquetting strength and regularity of operation as well as its operation are clearly better and the ovalization of which in the cooking zone is greatly reduced if not eliminated.
- connection of the section of tube of reduced diameter to the remaining and preserved part of the tube is effected by means of a conical part.
- the aforementioned tube section forming the downstream part of the oven constitutes a zone for baking the material, while the remaining part of the tube forming the upstream part of the oven constitutes a preparation or precalcination zone.
- a cooler and a precalcination system respectively at the downstream end and the upstream end of this oven and, according to yet another characteristic of this process, this cooler is grilled.
- the reduction in the diameter of the cooking zone will advantageously stabilize the briquetting by reinforcing the vault effect which, associated with the increase in the speed of rotation of the oven, will promote the formation of crusting and better resistance over time. this, so that the brickwork will be, ultimately, better protected.
- connection of the section of tube of reduced diameter to the remaining and preserved part of the tube is effected by means of a conical part.
- the aforementioned tube section forming the downstream part of the oven constitutes a zone for cooking the material, while the remaining part of the tube forming the upstream part of the furnace constitutes a preparation zone.
- a grid cooler and a precalcination system are installed, without integrating it in the oven, respectively at the downstream end and the upstream end of this oven.
- the reduction in the diameter of the cooking zone will advantageously stabilize the briquetting by reinforcing the vault effect which, associated with the increase in the speed of rotation of the oven, will promote the formation of crusting and better resistance over time. this, so that the brickwork will be, ultimately, better protected.
- an oven essentially constituted by an inclined rotary tube T in which the material flows in the direction of arrow F and which is internally heated downstream by a flame materialized by arrow G.
- the tube T comprises a cooking or clinkering zone 1 forming the downstream section of the oven, which is of a smaller diameter than the upstream tube or section 2 constituting the zone for preparing or precalcinating the material.
- the diameter of the downstream zone or section 1 can be between 4 and 5.1 meters, and its length can be between 20 and 60 meters.
- downstream 1 and upstream 2 sections are connected by a conical part 3 having a half-angle at the top which can be between 4 and 7 degrees so as to allow briquetting with standard bricks.
- Bandages 4, 5 and 6 have been shown surrounding the tube T and bearing respectively on rollers 7 thus allowing the rotation of the tube T which is driven in rotation by a motor M whose output shaft drives at least one pinion 8 meshing with a ring gear 9 secured to the upstream section 2.
- the bandages 4 and 5 are arranged around the downstream section or cooking zone 1 while the bandage 6 is arranged around the upstream section or preparation area 2. It will be noted here that the middle part of the oven constituted by the connection part 3 is located in an area where the bending moment is minimum.
- FIG. 1 There is shown diagrammatically at 10 in FIG. 1 a precalcination or preheater system which is not integrated into the furnace or tube T.
- the precalcination of the material upstream of the oven the reduction of the diameter of the clinkering or cooking zone 1 to an internal diameter less than or equal to 5.1 m, and also the increase in the speed of rotation of the oven. will allow an increase in production.
- This oven A with integrated cooler 11 can be part of a clinker cooking line with a nominal capacity of 3800 tonnes / day and have a total length of around 115 m and an internal diameter of 5.6 m.
- the speed of rotation of furnace A before transformation was 2 revolutions / minute.
- the cooler 11 is removed from the oven A, which cooler makes the operation of this oven very critical, and also removes the tube portion of oven A that is associated with the cooler.
- a lightened oven B is thus obtained visible in FIG. 2, but whose load supported by the support located at the level of the central part of the oven is considerably increased, as shown by the arrows 12a and 12b in FIG. 2.
- the curves represented under each oven A, B and T represent the intensity of the bending moment at several points distributed over the length of the ovens, it being understood that the arrows under the three curves have a proportional dimension the importance of the loads at each support point.
- the oven B is sectioned substantially at its central part, and the sectioned downstream part, that is to say the left part in FIG. 2, is replaced, and it is replaced by a section of tube, which is section 1 of the oven T, which section is of a smaller diameter than that of the remaining part of the tube which is kept and which is connected to section 1.
- the load on the central or central support of the oven T of the invention remains substantially identical to what it was on the corresponding support of the oven A, as shown by arrows 12a and 12c.
- the load supported by the support of the reduced diameter section 1 at the level of the central part of the furnace has been reduced to a value much more low than for furnace B and substantially identical to the initial value of the load supported by the support at the level of the central part of furnace A used to carry out the transformation.
- the downstream section 1 of the oven T corresponds to a reduction in the diameter of the downstream section of the oven A to a diameter of 5 m over a length of 43 m, the total length of the transformed oven obtained then being 90 m about.
- connection cone 3 between the downstream section 1 of 5 m in diameter and the upstream section 2, the diameter of which is kept (5.6 m), has a half-angle at the top of 4.8 ° and a length of 3, 5 m.
- this cone 3 is well located in an area where the bending moment is canceled (see curve at the bottom of Figure 2).
- the rotation speed of the oven T is increased compared to that of the oven A from 2 revolutions / minute to 3.1 revolutions / minute, and the gear / crown drive train is not changed.
- the speed of rotation of the oven which is increased compared to what it would be without modifying the diameter of the clinkering zone. or cooking, improves heat exchange in the upstream preparation area 2, while the material residence time is significantly reduced.
- the thermal power available in the downstream clinkering zone is lower and the rate of precalcination of the material at the inlet of the furnace is therefore greater than it would be without modification of the diameter of the clinkerization zone.
- the three bandages or supports 4, 5, 6 of the oven T are located respectively at 5 m, 34 m and 73.5 m from the downstream end of the section 1.
- the loads on these supports, before the processing, were 1485 tonnes, 805 tonnes and 585 tonnes respectively. After transformation, these loads became respectively 494 tonnes, 813 tonnes and 625 tonnes, which made it possible to keep the civil engineering and the rollers or undercarriage of these supports.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Description
La présente invention a essentiellement pour objet un procédé de transformation d'un four rotatif destiné par exemple à la fabrication du ciment et du type constitué par un tube qui est supporté par des appuis de roulement et est muni à l'une de ses extrémités d'un refroidisseur du type planétaire ou à ballonnets.The present invention essentially relates to a process for transforming a rotary kiln intended for example for the manufacture of cement and of the type consisting of a tube which is supported by bearing bearings and is provided at one of its ends with '' a planetary or balloon type cooler.
Il a déjà été proposé de produire du clinker de ciment dans des lignes de cuisson dont le débit dépasse 2500 tonnes/jours, et cela en utilisant des fours de diamètre intérieur supérieur à 5,1 mètres.It has already been proposed to produce cement clinker in firing lines with a flow rate exceeding 2,500 tonnes / day, and this using ovens with an internal diameter greater than 5.1 meters.
D'une manière générale, ces fours se composent d'un tube incliné en tôle qui comporte un revêtement réfractaire intérieur en briques et qui est entraîné en rotation par des moyens appropriés (W.H. DUDA, Cement Data Book, Vol. 1, Bauverlag GmbH, 1985, pages 312, 383, 389).Generally, these ovens consist of an inclined sheet metal tube which has an interior refractory lining in bricks and which is rotated by appropriate means (WH DUDA, Cement Data Book, Vol. 1, Bauverlag GmbH, 1985, pages 312, 383, 389).
Ces fours pouvant avoir plus de 5 mètres de diamètre présentent un certain nombre d'inconvénients qui se situent notamment au niveau de la mauvaise tenue mécanique des équipements dans la zone la plus chaude du four.These ovens which can have more than 5 meters in diameter have a certain number of drawbacks which are located in particular at the level of poor mechanical strength of the equipment in the hottest zone of the oven.
Le croutage qui se produit sur le revêtement de briques durant la cuisson et qui est d'ailleurs indispensable, est relativement peu épais comparativement à un four de plus petit diamètre, car l'effet de voûte est moindre. Il en résulte que le croutage se détériore d'autant plus que dans les fours de grand diamètre, le briquetage est fortement sollicité par la charge thermique, et cela beaucoup plus que dans le cas de fours de plus petit diamètre.The crusting which occurs on the brick coating during firing and which is moreover essential, is relatively thin compared to an oven of smaller diameter, because the effect of vault is less. As a result, the crusting deteriorates all the more as In large diameter ovens, brickwork is highly stressed by the thermal load, and this much more than in the case of smaller diameter ovens.
Par ailleurs, on sait que ce genre de four rotatif comporte généralement des bandages prenant appui sur des galets ou analogues permettant la rotation du four. Or, on comprend donc que, dans le cas de fours de grand diamètre, les bandages supportés par les galets ont tendance à s'ovaliser, de sorte que l'ensemble briquetage plus croutage est soumis à des efforts mécaniques alternés d'autant plus importants que le four est plus grand.Furthermore, it is known that this kind of rotary oven generally comprises bandages bearing on rollers or the like allowing the rotation of the oven. However, it is therefore understood that, in the case of large diameter ovens, the tires supported by the rollers tend to ovalize, so that the briquetting and crusting assembly is subjected to alternating mechanical forces which are all the more significant. that the oven is bigger.
De plus, les déformations ou usures prématurées des liaisons mécaniques, et en particulier de la liaison bandages-tube contribuent à renforcer l'ovalisation du four au niveau des bandages, ce qui par conséquent fragilise le revêtement réfractaire du four.In addition, the deformations or premature wear of the mechanical connections, and in particular of the bandage-tube connection contribute to reinforcing the ovalization of the oven at the level of the bandages, which consequently weakens the refractory lining of the oven.
Tous ces inconvénients augmentent considérablement les frais d'entretien du four et réduisent de beaucoup le taux de marche, donc la rentabilité de l'installation.All these drawbacks considerably increase the maintenance costs of the oven and greatly reduce the operating rate, and therefore the profitability of the installation.
D'un autre côté, il faut remarquer que, dans les fours connus de très grand diamètre, l'effet de la précalcination en amont du four demeure relativement faible en raison des facteurs défavorables d'origine mécanique liés au grand diamètre du four dans la zone de cuisson ou de clinkérisation.On the other hand, it should be noted that, in known ovens of very large diameter, the effect of the precalcination upstream of the oven remains relatively weak due to the unfavorable factors of mechanical origin linked to the large diameter of the oven in the cooking or clinkering area.
Par ailleurs, il est connu, par le document DE-A-2 436 078, de moderniser des cimenteries anciennes possédant des fours rotatifs longs à refroidisseurs planétaires intégrés en subdivisant ces fours rotatifs longs en deux parties dont la partie avec le refroidisseur planétaire est utilisable comme refroidisseur rotatif à tube central avec refroidisseurs planétaires tandis que la partie restante du four relatif constitue alors un four de frittage court qui, conjointement avec le refroidisseur rotatif séparé, raccordé à l'extrémité aval du four, est combiné avec un préchauffeur comportant, par exemple, une chambre de combustion fixe pour précalcination de la matière et relié à l'extrémité amont du four.Furthermore, it is known from document DE-A-2 436 078 to modernize old cement factories having long rotary kilns with integrated planetary coolers by subdividing these long rotary kilns into two parts, the part of which with the planetary cooler can be used as a central tube rotary cooler with planetary coolers while the remaining part of the relative oven then constitutes a short sintering oven which, together with the separate rotary cooler, connected to the downstream end of the oven, is combined with a preheater comprising, by example, a room fixed combustion for precalcination of the material and connected to the upstream end of the furnace.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant un procédé de transformation d'un four rotatif qui permet d'aboutir à un four dont la tenue mécanique et du briquetage et la régularité de marche ainsi que son fonctionnement sont nettement meilleurs et dont l'ovalisation au niveau de la zone de cuisson est fortement diminuée sinon supprimée.The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a process for transforming a rotary kiln which makes it possible to achieve a kiln whose mechanical and briquetting strength and regularity of operation as well as its operation are clearly better and the ovalization of which in the cooking zone is greatly reduced if not eliminated.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de transformation d'un four rotatif destiné en particulier à la fabrication du ciment et constitué par un tube supporté par des appuis de roulement et muni à l'une des ses extrémités d'un refroidisseur du type planétaire par exemple, ce procédé étant du type consistant à raccourcir le tube en supprimant le refroidisseur à l'extrémité du tube et la portion du tube qui lui est associée, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste :
- à effectuer cette suppression en augmentant nettement la charge supportée par l'appui situé au niveau de la partie centrale du tube et en conservant sensiblement les mêmes équipements mécaniques de support et d'entraînement en rotation du four
- à sectionner ledit tube sensiblement au niveau de sa partie centrale, et
- et à remplacer l'une des parties du tube ainsi sectionné par au moins un tronçon de tube de diamètre plus petit que celui de la partie restante du tube que l'on conserve et qui est raccordée audit tronçon, de façon que la charge supportée par l'appui dudit tronçon au niveau de ladite partie centrale soit ramenée à une valeur plus faible et sensiblement identique à la valeur initiale de la charge supportée par l'appui au niveau de la partie centrale du four muni du refroidisseur et utilisé pour effectuer la transformation.
- to carry out this removal by clearly increasing the load supported by the support located at the central part of the tube and by retaining substantially the same mechanical support equipment and drive in rotation of the furnace
- cutting said tube substantially at its central part, and
- and to replace one of the parts of the tube thus cut by at least one section of tube with a diameter smaller than that of the remaining part of the tube which is kept and which is connected to said section, so that the load supported by the support of said section at the level of said central part is reduced to a lower value and substantially identical to the initial value of the load supported by the support at the level of the central part of the furnace provided with the cooler and used to carry out the transformation .
On comprend donc qu'on peut conserver les mêmes équipements de support et d'entraînement en rotation du four obtenu après transformation, et cela à quelques petites modifications près.We therefore understand that we can keep the same support equipment and drive in rotation of the oven obtained after transformation, and that with a few small modifications.
Par ailleurs, on diminue avantageusement le risque d'ovalisation qui se produisait avec les fours munis d'un refroidisseur solidaire de leur extrémité aval, et cela en raison de la répartition avantageuse des efforts appliqués.Furthermore, it advantageously reduces the risk of ovalization which occurred with ovens provided with a cooler integral with their downstream end, and this due to the advantageous distribution of the applied forces.
On observera encore que, paradoxalement, on maintient la production et on peut même l'augmenter en augmentant la vitesse de rotation du four, alors que le diamètre de ce four a été en partie réduit.It will also be observed that, paradoxically, production is maintained and can even be increased by increasing the speed of rotation of the furnace, while the diameter of this furnace has been partially reduced.
Suivant une autre caractéristique de ce procédé, le raccordement du tronçon de tube de diamètre réduit à la partie restante et conservée du tube s'effectue par l'intermédiaire d'une partie conique.According to another characteristic of this method, the connection of the section of tube of reduced diameter to the remaining and preserved part of the tube is effected by means of a conical part.
On précisera ici que le tronçon de tube précité formant la partie aval du four constitue une zone de cuisson de la matière, tandis que la partie restante du tube formant la partie amont du four constitue une zone de préparation ou de précalcination.It will be specified here that the aforementioned tube section forming the downstream part of the oven constitutes a zone for baking the material, while the remaining part of the tube forming the upstream part of the oven constitutes a preparation or precalcination zone.
On associe généralement au four, sans l'intégrer au four, un refroidisseur et un système de précalcination respectivement au niveau de l'extrémité aval et de l'extrémité amont de ce four et, selon encore une autre caractéristique de ce procédé, ce refroidisseur est à grilles.Generally associated with the oven, without integrating it into the oven, a cooler and a precalcination system respectively at the downstream end and the upstream end of this oven and, according to yet another characteristic of this process, this cooler is grilled.
La réduction du diamètre de la zone de cuisson stabilisera avantageusement le briquetage en renforçant l'effet de voûte qui, associé à l'augmentation de la vitesse de rotation du four, favorisera la formation du croutage et une meilleure tenue dans le temps de celui-ci, de sorte que le briquetage sera, finalement, mieux protégé.The reduction in the diameter of the cooking zone will advantageously stabilize the briquetting by reinforcing the vault effect which, associated with the increase in the speed of rotation of the oven, will promote the formation of crusting and better resistance over time. this, so that the brickwork will be, ultimately, better protected.
On observera encore que, paradoxalement, on maintient la production et on peut même l'augmenter en augmentant la vitesse de rotation du four, alors que le diamètre de ce four a été en partie réduit.It will also be observed that, paradoxically, production is maintained and can even be increased by increasing the speed of rotation of the furnace, while the diameter of this furnace has been partially reduced.
Suivant une autre caractéristique de ce procédé, le raccordement du tronçon de tube de diamètre réduit à la partie restante et conservée du tube s'effectue par l'intermédiaire d'une partie conique.According to another characteristic of this method, the connection of the section of tube of reduced diameter to the remaining and preserved part of the tube is effected by means of a conical part.
On précisera ici que le tronçon de tube précité formant la partie aval du four constitue une zone de cuisson de la matière, tandis que la partie restante du tube formant la partie amont du foui constitue une zone de préparation.It will be specified here that the aforementioned tube section forming the downstream part of the oven constitutes a zone for cooking the material, while the remaining part of the tube forming the upstream part of the furnace constitutes a preparation zone.
Suivant encore une autre caractéristique de ce procédé, on installe, sans l'intégrer au four, un refroidisseur à grilles et un système de précalcination respectivement au niveau de l'extrémité aval et de l'extrémité amont de ce four. La réduction du diamètre de la zone de cuisson stabilisera avantageusement le briquetage en renforçant l'effet de voûte qui, associé à l'augmentation de la vitesse de rotation du four, favorisera la formation du croutage et une meilleure tenue dans le temps de celui-ci, de sorte que le briquetage sera, finalement, mieux protégé.According to yet another characteristic of this process, a grid cooler and a precalcination system are installed, without integrating it in the oven, respectively at the downstream end and the upstream end of this oven. The reduction in the diameter of the cooking zone will advantageously stabilize the briquetting by reinforcing the vault effect which, associated with the increase in the speed of rotation of the oven, will promote the formation of crusting and better resistance over time. this, so that the brickwork will be, ultimately, better protected.
Mais d'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux dans la description détaillée qui suit et se réfère aux dessins annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple, et dans lesquels:
- La figure 1 est une vue très schématique et en perspective d'un four rotatif; et
- La figure 2 illustre de façon schématique les étapes essentielles de la transformation d'un four continu à refroidisseur à ballonnets pour réaliser un four conforme à l'invention.
- Figure 1 is a very schematic and perspective view a rotary oven; and
- Figure 2 schematically illustrates the essential steps of the transformation of a continuous furnace with balloon cooler to produce an oven according to the invention.
En se reportant à la figure 1, on voit un four essentiellement constitué par un tube rotatif incliné T dans lequel s'écoule la matière suivant la flèche F et qui est intérieurement chauffé en aval par une flamme matérialisée par la flèche G.Referring to Figure 1, we see an oven essentially constituted by an inclined rotary tube T in which the material flows in the direction of arrow F and which is internally heated downstream by a flame materialized by arrow G.
Le tube T comporte une zone de cuisson ou de clinkérisation 1 formant le tronçon aval du four, lequel est d'un diamètre plus petit que le tube ou tronçon amont 2 constituant la zone de préparation ou de précalcination de la matière.The tube T comprises a cooking or clinkering zone 1 forming the downstream section of the oven, which is of a smaller diameter than the upstream tube or section 2 constituting the zone for preparing or precalcinating the material.
Le diamètre de la zone ou tronçon aval 1 peut être compris entre 4 et 5,1 mètres, et sa longueur peut être comprise entre 20 et 60 mètres.The diameter of the downstream zone or section 1 can be between 4 and 5.1 meters, and its length can be between 20 and 60 meters.
Les tronçons aval 1 et amont 2 sont raccordés par une partie conique 3 présentant un demi-angle au sommet qui peut être compris entre 4 et 7 degrés de façon à permettre un briquetage avec des briques standard.The downstream 1 and upstream 2 sections are connected by a conical part 3 having a half-angle at the top which can be between 4 and 7 degrees so as to allow briquetting with standard bricks.
On a montré en 4, 5 et 6 des bandages entourant le tube T et prenant respectivement appui sur des galets 7 permettant ainsi la rotation du tube T qui est entraîné en rotation par un moteur M dont l'arbre de sortie entraîne au moins un pignon 8 engrenant avec une couronne dentée 9 solidaire du tronçon amont 2.Bandages 4, 5 and 6 have been shown surrounding the tube T and bearing respectively on rollers 7 thus allowing the rotation of the tube T which is driven in rotation by a motor M whose output shaft drives at least one pinion 8 meshing with a ring gear 9 secured to the upstream section 2.
Comme on le voit bien sur la figure 1, les bandages 4 et 5 sont agencés autour du tronçon aval ou zone de cuisson 1 tandis que le bandage 6 est agencé autour du tronçon amont ou zone de préparation 2. On remarquera ici que la partie médiane du four constituée par la partie de raccordement 3 est située dans une zone où le moment fléchissant est minimum.As can be seen in Figure 1, the bandages 4 and 5 are arranged around the downstream section or cooking zone 1 while the bandage 6 is arranged around the upstream section or preparation area 2. It will be noted here that the middle part of the oven constituted by the connection part 3 is located in an area where the bending moment is minimum.
Si une très forte réduction de diamètre de la zone de cuisson 1 est souhaitée, on pourra ajouter en amont du tronçon 1 un autre tronçon (non représenté) de diamètre intermédiaire aux diamètres des tronçons 1 et 2, étant entendu qu'une partie conique de raccordement telle que 3 sera prévue entre ces divers tronçons.If a very large reduction in diameter of the cooking zone 1 is desired, it is possible to add upstream of the section 1 another section (not shown) of intermediate diameter to the diameters of the sections 1 and 2, it being understood that a conical part of connection such as 3 will be provided between these various sections.
On a montré schématiquement en 10 sur la figure 1 un système de précalcination ou préchauffeur qui n'est pas intégré au four ou tube T.There is shown diagrammatically at 10 in FIG. 1 a precalcination or preheater system which is not integrated into the furnace or tube T.
Ainsi, la précalcination de la matière en amont du four, la réduction du diamètre de la zone de clinkérisation ou de cuisson 1 à un diamètre intérieur inférieur ou égal à 5,1 m, et également l'augmentation de la vitesse de rotation du four permettront d'obtenir une augmentation de la production.Thus, the precalcination of the material upstream of the oven, the reduction of the diameter of the clinkering or cooking zone 1 to an internal diameter less than or equal to 5.1 m, and also the increase in the speed of rotation of the oven. will allow an increase in production.
Mais, pour une meilleure compréhension de l'invention, on décrira ci-après, en se reportant à la figure 2, la fabrication et les avantages d'un four selon l'invention, lequel est obtenu par la transformation d'un four existant illustré en A à la partie supérieure de la figure 2 et muni à son extrémité aval d'un refroidisseur planétaire ou à ballonnets 11.However, for a better understanding of the invention, the following describes, with reference to FIG. 2, the manufacture and the advantages of an oven according to the invention, which is obtained by the transformation of an existing oven illustrated in A at the upper part of FIG. 2 and provided at its downstream end with a planetary or balloon cooler 11.
Ce four A avec refroidisseur intégré 11 peut faire partie d'une ligne de cuisson de clinker de capacité nominale de 3800 tonnes/jour et posséder une longueur totale de 115 m environ et un diamètre intérieur de 5,6 m. La vitesse de rotation du four A avant transformation était de 2 tours/minute.This oven A with integrated cooler 11 can be part of a clinker cooking line with a nominal capacity of 3800 tonnes / day and have a total length of around 115 m and an internal diameter of 5.6 m. The speed of rotation of furnace A before transformation was 2 revolutions / minute.
Pour réaliser le four T de l'invention montré sur la figure 1, et à la partie inférieure de la figure 2, on supprime le refroidisseur 11 du four A, lequel refroidisseur rend d'ailleurs très critique la marche de ce four, et on supprime également la portion de tube du four A qui est associée au refroidisseur.To make the oven T of the invention shown in FIG. 1, and in the lower part of FIG. 2, the cooler 11 is removed from the oven A, which cooler makes the operation of this oven very critical, and also removes the tube portion of oven A that is associated with the cooler.
On obtient ainsi un four allégé B visible sur la figure 2, mais dont la charge supportée par l'appui situé au niveau de la partie centrale du four est considérablement augmentée, comme cela est matérialisé par les flèches 12a et 12b sur la figure 2. On observera ici que, sur cette figure, les courbes représentées sous chaque four A, B et T figurent l'intensité du moment fléchissant en plusieurs points répartis sur la longueur des fours, étant entendu que les flèches sous les trois courbes présentent une dimension proportionnelle à l'importance des charges au niveau de chacun des points d'appui.A lightened oven B is thus obtained visible in FIG. 2, but whose load supported by the support located at the level of the central part of the oven is considerably increased, as shown by the
Après avoir supprimé le refroidisseur 11 comme expliqué précédemment, on sectionne le four B sensiblement au niveau de sa partie centrale, et on remplace la partie aval sectionnée, c'est-à-dire la partie de gauche sur la figure 2, et on la remplace par un tronçon de tube, qui est le tronçon 1 du four T, lequel tronçon est d'un diamètre plus petit que celui de la partie restante du tube que l'on conserve et qui est raccordée au tronçon 1. En procédant de cette façon, la charge sur l'appui médian ou central du four T de l'invention demeure sensiblement identique à ce qu'elle était sur l'appui correspondant du four A, comme cela est matérialisé par les flèches 12a et 12c. En d'autres termes, la charge supportée par l'appui du tronçon de diamètre réduit 1 au niveau de la partie centrale du four a été ramenée à une valeur nettement plus faible que pour le four B et sensiblement identique à la valeur initiale de la charge supportée par l'appui au niveau de la partie centrale du four A utilisé pour effectuer la transformation.After having removed the cooler 11 as explained above, the oven B is sectioned substantially at its central part, and the sectioned downstream part, that is to say the left part in FIG. 2, is replaced, and it is replaced by a section of tube, which is section 1 of the oven T, which section is of a smaller diameter than that of the remaining part of the tube which is kept and which is connected to section 1. By proceeding with this way, the load on the central or central support of the oven T of the invention remains substantially identical to what it was on the corresponding support of the oven A, as shown by
Suivant un example de réalisation, le tronçon aval 1 du four T correspond à une réduction du diamètre du tronçon aval du four A à un diamètre de 5 m sur une longueur de 43 m, la longueur totale du four transformé obtenu étant alors de 90 m environ.According to an exemplary embodiment, the downstream section 1 of the oven T corresponds to a reduction in the diameter of the downstream section of the oven A to a diameter of 5 m over a length of 43 m, the total length of the transformed oven obtained then being 90 m about.
Le cône de raccordement 3 entre le tronçon aval 1 de 5 m de diamètre et le tronçon amont 2 dont le diamètre est conservé (5,6 m), possède un demi-angle au sommet de 4,8° et une longueur de 3,5 m. On voit bien sur la figure 2 que ce cône 3 est bien situé dans une zone où le moment fléchissant s'annule (voir courbe au bas de la figure 2).The connection cone 3 between the downstream section 1 of 5 m in diameter and the upstream section 2, the diameter of which is kept (5.6 m), has a half-angle at the top of 4.8 ° and a length of 3, 5 m. We can see in Figure 2 that this cone 3 is well located in an area where the bending moment is canceled (see curve at the bottom of Figure 2).
La vitesse de rotation du four T est augmentée par rapport à celle du four A de 2 tours/minute à 3,1 tours/minute, et le train d'entraînement couronne/pignon n'est pas changé.The rotation speed of the oven T is increased compared to that of the oven A from 2 revolutions / minute to 3.1 revolutions / minute, and the gear / crown drive train is not changed.
Ainsi, pour une production donnée, et un même temps de séjour de la matière en zone aval de cuisson et clinkérisation, la vitesse de rotation du four qui est augmentée par rapport à ce qu'elle serait sans modification du diamètre de la zone de clinkérisation ou de cuisson, permet d'améliorer les échanges thermiques dans la zone amont de préparation 2, tandis que le temps de séjour de la matière y est notablement réduit.Thus, for a given production, and the same residence time of the material in the downstream cooking and clinkering zone, the speed of rotation of the oven which is increased compared to what it would be without modifying the diameter of the clinkering zone. or cooking, improves heat exchange in the upstream preparation area 2, while the material residence time is significantly reduced.
On remarquera encore que, pour une production donnée, la puissance thermique disponible en zone aval de clinkérisation est moindre et le taux de précalcination de la matière à l'entrée du four est donc supérieur à ce qu'il serait sans modification du diamètre de la zone de clinkérisaiion.It will also be noted that, for a given production, the thermal power available in the downstream clinkering zone is lower and the rate of precalcination of the material at the inlet of the furnace is therefore greater than it would be without modification of the diameter of the clinkerization zone.
On précisera encore que les trois bandages ou appuis 4, 5, 6 du four T sont situés respectivement à 5 m, 34 m et 73,5 m à partir de l'extrémité aval du tronçon 1. Les charges sur ces appuis, avant la transformation, étaient respectivement de 1485 tonnes, 805 tonnes et 585 tonnes. Après transformation, ces charges sont devenues respectivement 494 tonnes, 813 tonnes et 625 tonnes, ce qui a permis de conserver le génie civil et les galets ou train de roulement de ces appuis.It will also be specified that the three bandages or supports 4, 5, 6 of the oven T are located respectively at 5 m, 34 m and 73.5 m from the downstream end of the section 1. The loads on these supports, before the processing, were 1485 tonnes, 805 tonnes and 585 tonnes respectively. After transformation, these loads became respectively 494 tonnes, 813 tonnes and 625 tonnes, which made it possible to keep the civil engineering and the rollers or undercarriage of these supports.
Il a également été procédé à un essai d'augmentation de la vitesse du four, en passant de la production précédente à 3800 tonnes/jour, à une production de 5500 tonnes/jour.An attempt was also made to increase the speed of the furnace, going from the previous production at 3800 tonnes / day, to a production of 5500 tonnes / day.
On a donc réalisé suivant l'invention et d'une manière très simple un four qui peut être obtenu par transformation d'un four existant en réduisant le diamètre de la zone de cuisson et qui, grâce aux simples opérations de précalcination de la matière en amont du four et de l'augmentation de la vitesse de rotation de ce four, peut permettre des taux de production élevés, et cela sans modifier de façon importante et coûteuse les systèmes mécaniques de support et d'entraînement en rotation du four.There is therefore produced according to the invention and in a very simple manner an oven which can be obtained by transformation of an existing oven by reducing the diameter of the cooking zone and which, thanks to simple precalcination operations of the material in upstream of the oven and the increase in the speed of rotation of this oven, can allow high production rates, and this without significantly and costly modifying the mechanical systems for supporting and driving the oven in rotation.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est nullement limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et illustré qui n'a été donné qu'à titre d'exemple.Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and illustrated, which has been given only by way of example.
C'est ainsi qu'on peut prévoir, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, plusieurs tronçons aval de diamètre progressivement réduit et formant zone de cuisson, et que ces tronçons peuvent posséder des longueurs égales ou différentes.It is thus possible to provide, without departing from the scope of the invention, several downstream sections of progressively reduced diameter and forming a cooking zone, and that these sections may have equal or different lengths.
Claims (4)
- Method of conversion of a rotary kiln (A) intended in particular for the manufacture of cement and constituted by a tube supported by rolling bearings (7) and provided at one of its ends with a cooler (11) of the planetary type for example, this method being of the type consisting in shortening the tube by suppressing the cooler (11) at the end of the tube and the tube portion which is associated therewith, characterized in that it consists :- in effecting this suppression by substantially increasing the load (12b) carried by the bearing (7) located at the level of the central portion of the tube and by retaining substantially the same mechanical equipments for the supporting (7) and for the rotary drive (M, 8, 9) of the kiln,- in cutting off the said tube (B) substantially at the level of its central portion, and- in replacing one of the portions of the tube (B) thus cut by at least one tube section (1) of smaller diameter than that of the remaining portion (2) of the tube (T) which one retains and which is connected to the said section (1) so that the load (12b) supported by the bearing (7) of the said section (1) at the level of the said central portion be reduced to a smaller value substantially identical with the initial value (12a) of the load carried by the bearing (7) at the level of the central portion of the kiln (A) provided with the cooler (11) and used to effect the conversion.
- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the tube section (1) of reduced diameter to the remaining and retained section (2) of the tube (T) is effected through the medium of a conical portion (3).
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aforesaid tube section (1) forming the downstream portion of the kiln (T) constitutes a zone for the firing of the material whereas the remaining portion (2) of the tube (T) forming the upstream portion of the kiln constitutes a preparation or precalcination zone.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, consisting in association, with the kiln (T) without integrating them into the kiln, a cooler and a precalcination system at the level of the downstream end and of the upstream end, respectively, of this kiln, characterized in that this cooler is a cooler with grids.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8713529A FR2621993B1 (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1987-09-30 | PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF A ROTARY OVEN INTENDED IN PARTICULAR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CEMENT, OVEN OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS AND COOKING LINE PROVIDED WITH THIS OVEN |
| FR8713529 | 1987-09-30 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0310509A1 EP0310509A1 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
| EP0310509B1 EP0310509B1 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| EP0310509B2 true EP0310509B2 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
Family
ID=9355386
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88402457A Expired - Lifetime EP0310509B2 (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1988-09-28 | Transformation process for a rotary drum furnace, particularly for use in the production of cement |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4880379A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0310509B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1315095C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3867787D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2029722T5 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2621993B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT88619B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19934563A1 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-01-25 | Krupp Polysius Ag | Rebuilding of a cylindrical kiln cuts away the final running roller station with the planet cooler to be replaced with a static sliding grid cooler and the penultimate section is set back to the preceding section to restore loading limits |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996035092A1 (en) * | 1995-05-01 | 1996-11-07 | Conoco Inc. | Apparatus for calcining petroleum coke |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR28679E (en) * | 1925-03-18 | |||
| US1727217A (en) * | 1926-03-17 | 1929-09-03 | Menno S Price | Kiln |
| US2503686A (en) * | 1946-06-05 | 1950-04-11 | Overmander Machine Inc | Aggregate drier |
| DE1783005A1 (en) * | 1968-09-14 | 1971-03-18 | Kanics Andreas Dipl Ing | Method and device for the treatment of small-grain or powdery material in a furnace |
| GB1414879A (en) * | 1973-07-31 | 1975-11-19 | Smidth & Co As F L | Methods of and apparatus for burning pulverulent materials |
| DE2519458A1 (en) * | 1975-05-02 | 1976-11-11 | Polysius Ag | ROTARY FURNACE |
| JPS6086374A (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1985-05-15 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Rotary kiln for baking cement raw material |
-
1987
- 1987-09-30 FR FR8713529A patent/FR2621993B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-09-26 CA CA000578437A patent/CA1315095C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-27 US US07/249,952 patent/US4880379A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-28 DE DE8888402457T patent/DE3867787D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-28 EP EP88402457A patent/EP0310509B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-28 ES ES88402457T patent/ES2029722T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-29 PT PT88619A patent/PT88619B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19934563A1 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-01-25 | Krupp Polysius Ag | Rebuilding of a cylindrical kiln cuts away the final running roller station with the planet cooler to be replaced with a static sliding grid cooler and the penultimate section is set back to the preceding section to restore loading limits |
| DE19934563B4 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2008-02-21 | Polysius Ag | Process for the conversion of a rotary kiln and planetary cooler system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0310509A1 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
| ES2029722T5 (en) | 1996-05-16 |
| CA1315095C (en) | 1993-03-30 |
| ES2029722T3 (en) | 1992-09-01 |
| PT88619B (en) | 1993-10-29 |
| DE3867787D1 (en) | 1992-02-27 |
| US4880379A (en) | 1989-11-14 |
| PT88619A (en) | 1989-07-31 |
| EP0310509B1 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| FR2621993B1 (en) | 1990-03-23 |
| FR2621993A1 (en) | 1989-04-21 |
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