EP0308633A2 - Automatische Funktionskontrolle für eine elektronische Schreibmaschine - Google Patents

Automatische Funktionskontrolle für eine elektronische Schreibmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308633A2
EP0308633A2 EP88112552A EP88112552A EP0308633A2 EP 0308633 A2 EP0308633 A2 EP 0308633A2 EP 88112552 A EP88112552 A EP 88112552A EP 88112552 A EP88112552 A EP 88112552A EP 0308633 A2 EP0308633 A2 EP 0308633A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
typewriter
keyboard
pitch
print
function
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88112552A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0308633A3 (de
Inventor
John Knox Brown Iii
Patrick Joseph Gerstle
Ann Margaret Koble
David Richmond Smith
Patricia Anne Graham
Kevin Neil Tucker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of EP0308633A2 publication Critical patent/EP0308633A2/de
Publication of EP0308633A3 publication Critical patent/EP0308633A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J7/00—Type-selecting or type-actuating mechanisms
    • B41J7/96—Means checking correctness of setting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electronic typewriter functions and specifically to the function of automatically setting the pitch of the typewriter escapement to the pitch indicated on the print element and enabling the print mechanism to perform error corrections only after the pitch has been set to the same value as that in which the characters being corrected were typed and the function of enabling the operation of the typewriter, if a keyboard language change has been detected, only after the operator has changed the keyboard identifier for the typewriter.
  • the operator In both functions the operator must change a parameter of the typewriter, the print element or the keyboard identifier, in order to bring the typewriter into correspondence with the parameter stored in the text memory, for the typewriter to continue to operate.
  • Electronic typewriters such as the IBM WHEELWRITER typewriters, have the capability of having the print element removed and a different print element inserted. This permits the typist to change type fonts to a different style appearance, change pitches and/or languages.
  • the typewriter selection motor engages the type element and rotates it to properly position the print element to a known or home position.
  • the print element which carries on its structure, indicia of the pitch for that type element and a homing indicia, passes these indicia past a sensor which detects them and determines when the print element is in the home position and what the pitch is for that print element.
  • the electronic controls of the typewriter then store this information so that the electronic controls may use it to control the escapement of the print mechanism.
  • the typewriter When text has been typed in one pitch, and the operator changes print elements, the typewriter senses this pitch change as described in U.S.-A-4,541,746. The newest pitch data is stored and the electronic controls then use this data to govern the escapement operations of the typewriter.
  • the problem from the operator standpoint, is that the typewriter either flushes the correction memory of its contents or does not differentiate in the correction memory between text typed in a first pitch and that typed in a second pitch. This results in the operator being able to attempt corrections with the improper pitch print element installed on the typewriter. Such attempts usually result in such unsatisfactory results that the typed work must be retyped.
  • typewriters have the ability to electronically reassign keys on the keyboard to specific positions on the print element and thereby allow the typing of languages which utilize different characters and keyboard letter positions.
  • the disclosed invention detects the pitch of an installed print element as the print element is installed, and the pitch data is stored for use by the control system of the typewriter, which may be microprocessor based.
  • the pitch data is used to control the distance that the print mechanism escapes with each print operation.
  • line headers which contain data relating to the position of the text relative to the page and the pitch of the text, are stored in the text memory as well as the pitch data being stored in the text data stream in the text memory.
  • the new pitch data is stored in the status registers of the electronic controls, and in the line headers or pitch code print in the text data stream as text is typed.
  • the operator moves the print mechanism over the erroneous symbol and attempts to correct the error. If the text is printed in a pitch other than that of the installed print element, the correction routine is not entered or enabled until the proper pitch print element is installed on the typewriter.
  • the new pitch information is stored in one of the status registers and compared with the pitch of the text over which the print element is positioned. This value is stored in another one of the status registers and in the line header, or the pitch change code point in the text.
  • the correction routine may be entered, and executed.
  • the switching of the keyboard to that of a second language causes the storing of the keyboard identifier in the line headers and text data stream to permit subsequent notification of the operator if the operator attempts to type or correct in that region with an incorrect keyboard.
  • the changing of the print element effects the storage of the new pitch data as described above. If a correction operation is attempted in the text region prior to the point of the print element and keyboard language change, the stored data of the line header will not correspond so that the typewriter will fail to operate and the typewriter will signal the operator.
  • the signal may take the form of an audible signal, a warning light or a message on a display if the typewriter is so equipped.
  • This invention serves to eliminate errors by stopping the operation of the typewriter whenever the typewriter detects a difference in the keyboard identifier or the pitch of the printwheel, from the memory, and not reenabling the operation of the typewriter until the operator has changed the keyboard selection, or moved the print point to where there is no keyboard or pitch mismatch.
  • the electronic typewriter 10 is illustrated with the electronic controls 12 shown as a block exterior to the typewriter 10.
  • the electronic controls 12 receive electronic signals from the keyboard 14 and send electronic control signals to the typewriter 10 to cause it to perform the functions that have been designated at the keyboard 14, such as print a character, carriage return, tabulate, correct a character or line feed.
  • Electronic controls 12 are displayed as four blocks, a microprocessor 16, a Read Only Store 18, a bank of status registers 44 in Fig. 3 and a system ASIC or Application Specific Integrated Circuit 20, and memory 35.
  • the microprocessor 16 may be any of a number of commercially available microprocessors.
  • the preferred microprocessor, chosen for this description, is the Intel 8088. One skilled in the art will recognize that other processors may be substituted.
  • the microprocessor 16 is controlled by supplying to it software instructions in the form specified by the manufacturer. These instructions constitute a control program which is stored in a suitable memory such as the Read Only Store 18.
  • the Read Only Store memory 18 is loaded with the instructions at the time of manufacture and contains the set of instructions necessary to make the typewriter 10 function as desired.
  • the system ASIC 20 is a standard set of logic elements which may be customized as the user desires to scan the keyboard 14 and control the signals from the keyboard 14.
  • the ASIC 20 also controls the interrupts to the processor 16 and captures the keyboard signals until they are used by the processor 16.
  • the ASIC 20 controls the signals from the processor 16 and directs the processor output signals to a set of driver circuits 26 typically called drivers 26 which convert the processor signals into signals that can be used to drive motors 22 and magnet 24.
  • the specific combination of the discrete logic elements in the ASIC 20 is designed to provide a number of functions and signals. Some of the signals and functions provided are the keyboard scan to detect any newly depressed keys, interrupts of the processor 16 to cause the processor to accept a signal and the timing of signals sent to the drivers 26 so that the motors and magnet 24 of the typewriter operate in the proper time frame and sequence.
  • the keyboard scan function, timer operation, interrupt operation and other functions of the ASIC 20 are all found in discrete commercially available chips or components and perform the same operation.
  • the ASIC 20 only serves to consolidate all such operations on a single chip and thus economize in space as well as cost.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an expanded functional representation of the microprocessor 16 and its associated software.
  • the software may be prepared by any programmer of ordinary skill in the art and may take any number of forms, any of which will adequately perform the functions of controlling the typewriter 10.
  • the ASIC 20 is connected to the processor 16 and is responsive to the keyboard control 28.
  • the ASIC 20 scans the keyboard 14 and interrupts the microprocessor 16 when the ASIC 20 detects a key state change.
  • the keyboard control 28 causes the storage of the keystrokes from the keyboard in the keyboard surge buffer 42 until the typewriter control 32 is ready to work on the keyboard scan data.
  • the printer control segment 30 generates and sends the signals that are needed to operate the printer to the ASIC 20 so that the signals may be properly sequenced and timer controlled.
  • the typewriter control 32 serves to accept the keyboard data from the keyboard control 28 whenever the processor 16 is available to process textual data and acts to determine whether the keyboard data is representative of the alphanumeric symbols that are to be printed or representative of the functions that may be keyboard controlled.
  • the typewriter control 32 utilizes the capabilities of the Keyboard Control segment 28 to retrieve the stored scan codes from the keyboard surge buffer 42.
  • the Text Storage Management segment 34 controls the storage of text and the necessary other codes that facilitate the efficient operation of the Random Access Memory 36.
  • the Random Access Memory 36 is the repository of the stored code containing the text.
  • Character Processor 40 indicates a need for a new line for text the TSM segment 34 utilizes the contents of the status registers 44, which contain the location of the print mechanism, relative to the record sheet 11, to build the line header and store it in the memory 36.
  • the Automatic Functions segment 38 is responsible for the controlling of the those functions which are performed by the typewriter 10, and which are not character processing operations.
  • the output signals of the Automatic Functions segment 38 pass to the printer control segment 30 where the signals are processed to generate the precise control signals necessary to control the motors 22 of the typewriter 10.
  • the Character Processor segment 40 has the dedicated purpose of receiving those codes from the typewriter control segment 32 that represent the characters or other symbols that are to be printed on the record sheet 11.
  • the Character Processor segment 40 receives a decoded scan output of the keyboard 14 and determines if it is printable in the desired location.
  • the Character Processor segment 40 is also responsible for storing the character codes in the correction buffer which is part of the TSM Random Access Memory 36.
  • the Character Processor 40 passes the printable character code to the Printer Control segment 30 which then, based on the data received, determines the specific motors 22, numbers of pulses, direction, and current levels to the motors 22 and magnet 24 that are required to properly print the symbol on the record sheet 11.
  • a keyboard surge buffer 42 is provided so that in the event that keyboard scan data is received by the system ASIC 20 at a higher rate than the system can or does utilize the key strokes the scan data will not be lost by the keyboard control 28.
  • Fig. 3 is a functional diagram expressed in both hardware and a combination of hardware and software.
  • the insertion of the print element causes the machine to home the print element as a result of the detection of the print element being inserted.
  • the changing of the print element 15 causes the invoking of the routine as flow diagrammed in Fig. 4 as it resides in the automatic functions segment 38.
  • the routine first detects whether a pitch change has occurred as a result of the print element change, in operation 50. As a part of the homing of the print element, the pitch of the element is detected and stored in one of the status registers 44, as in operation 52.
  • a comparison is performed to determine if the stored pitch value in the status register 44 is equal to the pitch value stored in the text memory 35.
  • the text memory pitch value may be stored in one of the status registers 44, obviating the need to scan through memory, which is a relatively slow operation. If the values are in fact equal, then the pitch of the print wheel corresponds to the pitch of the text typed and stored in the text memory 35, at the point on the page 11 and in the memory corresponding to the location of the print mechanism 15. Where the two pitch values are equal, there is no mismatch and any pitch mismatch flag which has been set in one of the status registers 44 is cleared in operation 56. With this condition present, the control of the microprocessor is returned to the typewriter control segment 32, in operation 59.
  • the text memory pitch value is stored in one of the status registers 44 and if the escapement results in the crossing of a point in memory 35 and on the page 11 where a pitch change occurred, then the text memory pitch value will change in the status register 44. Again a check is made to determine if the pitch in which the typewriter is operating, based on the print element 15 is the same as the text memory pitch, in operation 64, which is the same as that described with reference to operation 54.
  • operations 66 and 68 are the same as operations of 56 and 58 in Fig.4, with the control being returned to the typewriter control segment 32, in operation 69.
  • the operator may be informed of mismatch conditions by warning lights or display annunciators, if the typewriter is equipped with a display. As illustrated in Fig. 6A, thereafter, when a graphic or erase key is entered on the keyboard 14, as in operation 70, a determination of the status of the mismatch flag is made in operation 72 and if there is no mismatch flag set then the key is processed normally, in operation 74.
  • the mismatch flag is set, then it must be determined if the print point of the print element 15 and the corresponding point in text memory 36, reside over a space in operation 76. If the active point, as both of these points may be referred to, is not positioned over a space, it must be positioned over a symbol and since the print element 15 has not been changed to correspond to the text pitch as in text memory 36, the operation of the printing or the erasing of a character cannot be properly accomplished. The operator is notified by a warning and the keystroke is discarded, in operation 78, thereby preventing the keyed operation where there is a high likelihood of a misalignment of the print point with the characters on the page 11. Thereafter, the logic flow returns to typewriter control 32, in operation 79.
  • the active point is not over a character, then it resides over a space and the text memory 36 is scanned from the active point to the left until all contiguous blank spaces have been scanned and a symbol code is encountered. This position is marked as position N°1, an arbitrary designation. This occurs in operation 80. Similarly, in order to delimit the boundaries of the blank space, the memory is scanned from the active point to the right until all contiguous blank space has been scanned. This limit is marked as position N°2, as shown in operation 82.
  • operation 84 deletes the spaces between the two positions.
  • the remaining distance from the small space to position N°2 is then filled with the required number of spaces in the new pitch. This may result in a partial space remaining between the last space and the following text in another pitch. To compensate for this, a small space is inserted in the memory ending at position N°2. This space and small space insertion is accomplished in operation 90.
  • operation 93 the active point of the memory is repositioned to match the position of carrier 15, the typewriter 10 so that they both correspond to each other.
  • operation 94 it is necessary to set the text memory pitch value and the pitch value for the machine stored in the status register 44 equal, as performed in operation 94.
  • operation 96 then clears the pitch mismatch flag.
  • the processor With the pitch mismatch flag cleared, the processor is no longer prevented from processing the graphic or correction keystroke and the operation 98 causes the processing of the graphic or correction by returning the flow to the control of the character processor 38.
  • Typewriters of the type discussed herein typically possess the ability to play out of memory the text that has been stored therein. For such a typewriter it is necessary to accommodate pitch changes stored in the text memory 36. The accommodation of the pitch changes in stored text is best understood in referring to Fig. 7.
  • the software of the typewriter will retrieve the stored codes from memory 36 and process those codes to cause the typewriter 10 to perform the necessary operations to print the symbols on page 11.
  • the stored codes there may be stored therein codes representing pitch changes.
  • the typewriter software and the microprocessor 16 continually check to see if a pitch change code point is found in the data string of codes from the memory 36. If no pitch change is found as a result of operation 100, as will be the case most of the time, the control will flow back to the typewriter control 32 for it to direct the processing of the codes in a normal manner, as illustrated in operation 101.
  • the typewriter will await some operator action to reinitiate the playout routine, as illustrated in operation 106. It should be noted that nothing is done to change pitches in the status registers and there is no effort to make any accommodation to the pitch change as a result of the detection of the pitch change code point in operation 100. This is so that the operator may have an opportunity to make the print wheel 15 change if it is still desired. There is no requirement that the operator change the print wheel 15 or the pitch.
  • a decision 107 is made as to the source of the text being played. If the source of the text being played is the correction buffer, a part of TSM RAM 36, then the flow branches around decision 108, to operation 112. If the source is other than the correction buffer, then the flow is to decision 108.
  • decision 108 it is determined whether the operator has changed the print element 15. If the operator chose not to change the pitch, but rather to continue in the old pitch, and did not therefore change the print element 15, then the flow branches to operation 110 where the pitch change code point is removed from the memory 36 and then with operation 114, the play out is continued.
  • the pitch of the newly installed print element is stored in the document data string, and the previous pitch change code point is removed, in operation 112. This value will be derived from the status register 44 which was updated upon the installation of the print element 15. At this point, the pitch of the print element 15 and the typewriter 10 are in accord with the pitch stored in the text memory 36 data stream and playout is continued in operation 114, as mentioned above.
  • Figs. 4-7 The same general flow of logic as is illustrated in Figs. 4-7 may, with only small changes, be used to control the typewriter so that a change of the keyboard to allow the typing of a word or words in a second language will cause the typewriter to suspend operation until a keyboard change is accomplished.
  • the logic flow for the language detection function is illustrated in Figs. 8-11.
  • the reference numerals in Figs. 8-11 are incremented by 100 from the corresponding analogous operation of the logic flow illustrated in Figs. 4-7.
  • the condition of the typewriter 10 is compared to the selection of the keyboard 14 in essentially the same manner as the pitch of the machine was compared to the stored pitch, as described with reference to Fig. 4.
  • the routine is invoked if there has been a keyboard change detected as in operation 150, and the designator of the keyboard is stored in the status registers 44 in operation 152.
  • the keyboard designator may be best referred to as a keyboard tracking value, as in operation 152.
  • the keyboard tracking value in the status register is compared to the tracking value stored in the text memory 36. If the two values are unequal, the keyboard mismatch flag is set in operation 158, while if the values are equal, the keyboard mismatch flag is cleared in operation 156.
  • the keyboard mismatch flag is stored in one of the status registers 44. After either operation, 156 or 158 the logic flow returns to the typewriter control 32.
  • the updating of the keyboard tracking value is accomplished only after a keystroke requiring carrier movement is detected, in operation 160, and the updating occurs in operation 162. This insures that the updating does not occur until there is a need for the data to be stored in the text memory 36.
  • operation 164 there is a check to insure the same value is stored in memory 36 and in the status register 44. If the values are equal, the keyboard mismatch flag is cleared, in operation 166, and if the values are not equal, the keyboard mismatch flag is set in operation 168, indicating that the new language keyboard has not been selected after a keyboard change was detected in the text memory 36 data stream. The operation of the logic is then returned to typewriter control 32 in operation 169.
  • a graphic or erase command is detected, in operation 170, then the keyboard mismatch flag is checked to see if a mismatch exists, in operation 172, and if the flag is not set, the keyed operation is processed normally by the typewriter control segment 32, as shown in operation 174.
  • operation 176 will determine if the print element 15 is positioned over a space, by checking the active point in text memory 36. If the active point is not over a space the operator is signaled and the keystroke is discarded and not processed, in operation 178. Then the logic flow is returned to the typewriter control 32 in operation 179.
  • the left and right limits of the spaces are determined as shown in steps 180 and 182.
  • the memory keyboard value is set equal to the machine keyboard value and then the keyboard mismatch flag is cleared in operation 196.
  • the control of the processor is returned to the typewriter control segment 32 in operation 198.
  • keyboard change values as stored in operation 192 are encountered, if present, and this serves to stop the typewriter 10 and notify the operator of the need to change the print element 15, so that characters and symbols peculiar to the selected language are available and so the character placement on the print element will correspond to the keyboard locations.
  • This is illustrated in Fig. 11, starting with operation 200, where the typewriter control samples each code retrieved from the text memory 36 and checks it to determine if it is a keyboard change code. If it is not a keyboard change code then the control reverts to the typewriter control segment 32 as in operation 201.
  • the code is a keyboard change code
  • document play is stopped in operation 202, and the keyboard is changed to the new keyboard in operation 203.
  • the operator is signaled for the print element to be changed to correspond to the new keyboard, in operation 204.
  • the typewriter 10 will then wait for a new keystroke to resume the playout, in operation 206.
  • the playout will resume in operation 208, under the control of the typewriter control segment 32.
  • the microprocessor 16 checks that the condition of the typewriter 10 and its print element 15 are coordinated at all times to properly produce the text that is to be keyed or played out of the text memory 36, and if the print wheel 15 does not correspond to the conditions indicated by the typewriter text memory 36, suspends operations of the typewriter 10 until the operator takes some action to bring the typewriter 10 and its memory 36 into correspondence so that its operation will continue, or overrides the mismatch condition.

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  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Record Information Processing For Printing (AREA)
  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
EP88112552A 1987-09-25 1988-08-02 Automatische Funktionskontrolle für eine elektronische Schreibmaschine Withdrawn EP0308633A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10104587A 1987-09-25 1987-09-25
US101045 1987-09-25

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EP0308633A2 true EP0308633A2 (de) 1989-03-29
EP0308633A3 EP0308633A3 (de) 1989-12-27

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EP88112552A Withdrawn EP0308633A3 (de) 1987-09-25 1988-08-02 Automatische Funktionskontrolle für eine elektronische Schreibmaschine

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EP (1) EP0308633A3 (de)
JP (1) JPH0195083A (de)
AU (1) AU607258B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8804920A (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010061967A (ja) * 2008-09-03 2010-03-18 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 家電機器におけるリード線のコネクター固定構造

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0030626A2 (de) * 1979-12-12 1981-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation Verfahren zum Zurückführen einer Druckscheibe in die Ausgangsstellung
US4398837A (en) * 1981-03-31 1983-08-16 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Printing apparatus and method for preventing printing errors in same
US4541746A (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-09-17 International Business Machines Corporation Initializing apparatus for daisy wheel printer

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0030626A2 (de) * 1979-12-12 1981-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation Verfahren zum Zurückführen einer Druckscheibe in die Ausgangsstellung
US4398837A (en) * 1981-03-31 1983-08-16 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Printing apparatus and method for preventing printing errors in same
US4541746A (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-09-17 International Business Machines Corporation Initializing apparatus for daisy wheel printer

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Publication number Publication date
JPH0195083A (ja) 1989-04-13
AU2194988A (en) 1989-04-06
BR8804920A (pt) 1989-05-02
EP0308633A3 (de) 1989-12-27
AU607258B2 (en) 1991-02-28

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