EP0307255B1 - Ligne d'ancrage caténaire pour un engin flottant et dispositif et procédé de mise en oeuvre de cette ligne d'ancrage - Google Patents

Ligne d'ancrage caténaire pour un engin flottant et dispositif et procédé de mise en oeuvre de cette ligne d'ancrage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0307255B1
EP0307255B1 EP88401736A EP88401736A EP0307255B1 EP 0307255 B1 EP0307255 B1 EP 0307255B1 EP 88401736 A EP88401736 A EP 88401736A EP 88401736 A EP88401736 A EP 88401736A EP 0307255 B1 EP0307255 B1 EP 0307255B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
anchorage
anchor
elements
line according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88401736A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0307255A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Michel Bosgiraud
André Cendre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
S M F International
Seamet International
Original Assignee
S M F International
Seamet International
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by S M F International, Seamet International filed Critical S M F International
Publication of EP0307255A1 publication Critical patent/EP0307255A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0307255B1 publication Critical patent/EP0307255B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/20—Adaptations of chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like, or of parts thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a catenary anchor line for a floating object, in particular a very long line allowing anchoring to a depth greater than 300 meters.
  • the invention also relates to a device and a method for mounting and installing the anchor line.
  • Floating devices used for the research and exploitation of hydrocarbons at sea require the use of anchor lines, the end of which is secured to a marine anchor or fixed to a bored pile, to ensure that they are held in place against the forces causing their drift, for example produced by wind or sea currents.
  • anchor lines For anchoring oil platforms, buoys or storage tankers, it may be necessary to have anchor lines at very great depths of water, for example of the order of 300 to 1000 meters.
  • the realization of the anchor line in the form of a cable is better suited to long anchor lines, due to the high tensile strength of the cable and a linear weight (at equal resistance ) lower than the chain.
  • the manufacture of the cable and its use as an anchor line becomes difficult if not impossible.
  • the storage and handling of very long lengths of large diameter cable pose problems which are extremely difficult to solve.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a catenary anchor line for a floating object constituted by a plurality of successive elements connected together in an articulated manner and each constituted by a tube closed in a watertight manner to each. of its ends, delimiting an interior volume filled with air, the line comprising a shallow end ensuring the connection with the floating object as long and a very deep anchoring end ensuring anchoring on a seabed, this anchoring line being able to present a great efficiency and being of a great flexibility of use.
  • the buoyancy of the anchor line is variable along its length, the tubular constituent elements generally having a wall thickness related to their diameter the greater the closer they are to the anchor end. of the line.
  • FIG. 1 we can see a section of an anchoring line according to the invention generally designated by the reference 1.
  • the anchor line 1 constituted in articulated form comprises successive segments 2 connected together by articulations 3.
  • each segment 2 is constituted by a tube 2a closed at each of its ends by a closure and connecting piece 2b.
  • the parts 2b are forged parts comprising a bottom 4 for closing the tube and a prominence 5 for connection.
  • the solid bottom 4 has a cylindrical rim with a diameter equal to or greater than that of the current part of the tube 2a and which is welded, for example by friction, to the end of the tube, along the connection zone 6.
  • the end of the tube 2a on which the connection is made has a thickness greater than the current thickness of the tube.
  • Each of the elements 2 of the anchor line thus has significant buoyancy when it is immersed in a liquid such as sea water.
  • the two embodiments of the anchoring line shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 differ only in the constitution of the articulated connection device 3 between the successive elements 2.
  • the articulated connecting device 3 is constituted by two shackles 8a and 8b engaged one inside the other and each connected to the connecting end 2b of a tube 2a , the two successive tubes 2a thus being connected in an articulated manner.
  • Each of the shackles is connected to the corresponding prominence 5 by a pin 10 engaged in aligned openings of the prominence 5 and of the two protuberances secured to the ends of the branches of the shackle.
  • the pin 10 is fixed, after assembly, by a pin 11.
  • the successive protrusions 5 are arranged at 90 ° relative to each other.
  • FIG 3 there is shown a second embodiment of the articulated connection between the successive elements 2 of the line.
  • one of the end pieces 2b constitutes a double yoke 12 in which a hinge pin 13 is fixed and which comprises in a symmetrical position relative to the axis of the line 1 and in a direction parallel to axis 13, a hole 14 smooth in one part of the yoke and tapped in the other part.
  • each element 2 is formed in the form of a yoke 15 between the branches of which an axis 16 is fixed.
  • a jumper 17 is mounted articulated on the axis 13 of the double yoke 12 by one of its ends and has a hole 18 at its other end.
  • the jumper 17 can be placed in an open position 17 ′ (in phantom) by tilting outwards. In this position, the yoke 15 and the axis 16 of a part 2b of a first section can be placed in an assembly position near the yoke 12 of a part 2b of a second section 2 to be assembled .
  • the rider 17 is then folded back into its closed position (in solid lines), around the axis 16 and so that the branch of the rider 17 comprising the opening 18 comes to engage in the part of the yoke 12 comprising the tapped hole 14.
  • the assembly is completed by engaging a screw 19 in the holes 14 and 18 in alignment and by performing the screwing in the tapped part of the hole 14.
  • the connecting device 3 acts as a universal joint and allows any relative orientation of the two successive tubes.
  • the two tubes have a relative axial displacement latitude which can be relatively large, in the case of the connection by shackles.
  • the tubes 2a may have a length of the order of 9 to 12 meters.
  • These steel tubes may be constituted by drill rods, drill collars, casing elements or any other tubular steel element commonly used in the petroleum technique and available from tube manufacturers.
  • the anchor line has a variable buoyancy along its length, its constituent elements not all being identical and having wall thicknesses related to their variable diameters.
  • the constituent elements placed at greater depth will have a greater wall thickness than the elements placed at shallower depth.
  • the last tubular element 32a of the anchoring line 23 has an end portion 33 which is tubular and closed by a piece 34 internally threaded.
  • An element 35 hingedly connected to the block 27 also has a threaded end portion.
  • a connection piece 36 comprising two threaded parts allows the assembly of the pieces 33 and 35 and therefore of the line 23 and of the muffle 27 connected to the platform by the traction cable 26.
  • the threaded parts of the piece 36 are screwed into the threaded parts 34 and 35 for assembly.
  • the tubular elements 32 of the anchor line 23 are constituted in the same way as the tubular elements 2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • These elements constitute floats and ensure at least partial compensation of their weight by the buoyancy, when immersed in water.
  • This compensation can be variable, as a function of the ratio of the total volume of the tubular element corresponding to the volume of water displaced, to the volume of the mass of steel of this tubular element, that is to say in fact as a function from the va their ratio of the wall thickness of the tubular member to the outside diameter of the member. It is thus possible to use tubular elements of determined buoyancy to constitute the different parts of the anchor line.
  • FIG. 6 we will now refer to FIG. 6 to explain the general principle on which the design of the anchor line according to the invention is based.
  • the useful return force of the platform 20 is constituted by the horizontal component F H of the force F.
  • the vertical component F V is a parasitic force, since this variable load is exerted at the expense of the stability of the float.
  • a uniformly lightened anchor line over its entire length would not achieve this result, since the total apparent weight of the line in water would be low, in the case of a catenary anchor, this is ie an anchor in which the line has a significant curvature and provides a restoring force depending on its apparent weight in the water.
  • the anchor line 23 has a buoyancy that varies along its length, the tubular elements located at a shallower depth generally having a smaller wall thickness than the tubular elements located at greater depth.
  • This adjustment of the buoyancy of the line is obtained by varying the wall thickness / diameter ratio of the constituent elements 32 or 32 ′ of the anchor line, from its end 40 to its end 22.
  • the constituent elements 32 located in the vicinity of the end 40 (or 40 ′) will have a wall thickness greater than that of the elements 32 (or 32 ′) located in the vicinity of the end 22 (or 22 ′) .
  • the anchor lines will consist of successive sections comprising identical constituent elements, these sections having increasing buoyancy from the bottom to the surface.
  • the anchor line shown in Figure 7 has the shape of a chain whose curvature varies continuously. This shape is obtained with a line comprising successive sections whose buoyancy increases continuously from the bottom to the surface.
  • the anchor line shown in Figure 8 has a complex S shape with two inflection points. This line includes very deep sections having a significant apparent weight in water, shallow sections having a very low apparent weight in water and an intermediate part made up of relatively short sections whose buoyancy increases rapidly.
  • the float constituted by the semi-submersible platform undergoes external forces due to wind, currents and swell which contribute to causing its displacement on the surface of the sea.
  • an anchoring device comprising ten catenary lines according to the invention regularly distributed around the float, that is to say angularly spaced by 36 ° relative to each other.
  • the performance of the catenary anchor line according to the invention will be compared to the performance of a traditional line constituted in part by a chain and in part by a cable having the same breaking strength.
  • Example 1 Anchoring at a depth of 600 meters:
  • the maximum authorized displacement of the float is 36 meters in any direction.
  • a conventional platform anchoring device would include eight lines each consisting of 1,500 meters of cable and 1,500 meters of 7.5 cm (3 "(inch)) diameter chain. Each of the lines would be claimed to be 600 KN to support the external efforts in operation.
  • the maximum horizontal tension reached in operation in a line is 1266 KN and the associated vertical tension of 650 KN, the angle at the fairlead being 27.2 ° relative to the horizontal.
  • the vertical force exerted on the float by the eight anchor lines is therefore close to 5200 KN.
  • An articulated tubular anchor according to the invention allowing the anchoring by 600 meters of the bottom of the platform and the recall of this platform under the given conditions will be constituted by eight lines in tubular links with external diameter 27cm (10 3/4 inches) and having an apparent weight increasing with the depth of immersion.
  • Each line of length equal to 4000 meters will be made up of three sections of respective length specified below.
  • Each section will consist of tubular elements having a given apparent weight in water, that is to say a constant wall thickness / outside diameter ratio. The apparent weight in water of the different sections decreases from the bottom to the surface as indicated in the table below:
  • the maximum horizontal tension reached in a line in operation is 1887 KN and the vertical tension of 442 KN, the angle at the fairlead then being 13.2 ° relative to the horizontal.
  • the vertical force exerted on the float is therefore close to 3536 KN. This value should be compared to the vertical force of 5200 KN exerted by the traditional type anchoring on the platform. The difference between these two values, ie 1664 KN, makes it possible either to increase the variable payloads on board the float, or to reduce the stability reserve of this float and therefore its cost.
  • Example 2 Anchoring by 1000 meters of bottom:
  • the maximum horizontal displacement allowed is 60 meters in any direction.
  • the anchor is constituted as before by eight lines regularly distributed around the platform.
  • the maximum vertical tension reached in a line is 808 KN with a fairing angle of 23.2 ° relative to the horizontal.
  • the maximum vertical force exerted on the float by such an anchoring device is close to 6470 KN. This value is to be compared with the value of 10376 KN obtained in the case of the device of traditional design. We therefore obtain a reduction in the vertical force of 3906 KN, which allows to obtain advantages such as those mentioned above in the case of anchoring by 600 meters of bottom.
  • tubular anchoring line according to the invention may consist entirely of standard elements each obtained by welding identical forgings at the end of sections of tubes having an desired outside diameter and wall thickness.
  • connection devices articulated between the line elements may be either specially manufactured or constituted by standard elements available commercially.
  • the manufacture of the anchor line can therefore be limited to the production of forged end pieces and their butt welding at the ends of the tubes, for example by friction. These operations can be easily automated.
  • the tube steel used in the petroleum technique can have a breaking strength of the order of 1000 MPa; this resistance compares favorably to the resistance of steels for chain which never exceeds 900 MPa.
  • the cables are made of steel wires whose resistance can reach 1900 MPa after treatment.
  • the anchoring line according to the invention can be deployed and implemented, easily, thanks to its modular constitution.
  • FIG 9 there is shown a first mode of use and implementation of a line anchor 23 according to the invention, in the case where it is desired to anchor, on the sea floor, a semi-submersible platform 50.
  • a barge 51 equipped with a crane 52 is brought near the semi-submersible platform.
  • We loaded onto the barge 51 all the elements necessary for the constitution of the anchoring line 23 of the platform.
  • These elements can be constituted by several tens of tubular elements such as elements 2 or 32 which have been described above and by several tens of articulated connection devices such as devices 3 or 33.
  • the first segment 55 of the anchor line is connected to the platform 50, in the usual way.
  • the mounting of the anchor line is continued, from the barge 51, until the anchor line has reached a sufficient length.
  • the end of the line obtained is then fitted with a sea anchor which is then submerged or the final end of the line is connected to a bored pile, using suitable equipment known in the art.
  • the assembly and the deployment of the line were carried out using the crane 52 and the device 53, according to a technique known from the prior art, for the constitution of a drill string or a casing.
  • the device 53 can consist of any drill rod assembly table or any casing table.
  • Such means can be constituted by lifting winches, wedges or various means of stacking tubes.
  • the barge 51 may advantageously be constituted by a barge for handling and laying pipelines or by a barge supplying drilling platforms allowing the transport and supply of heavy packages.
  • FIG. 10 shows a second embodiment of an anchor line 23 according to the invention, the end of this anchor line 23 being connected via a chain 61, of classic link structure, to a bored pile 60 fixed in the bottom of the sea 62.
  • the chain was formed and deployed using the barge 51 used in the embodiment of FIG. 8.
  • the anchoring line 23 is assembled from the barge 51 then connected to the pile 60 and finally the barge 51 ensures thanks to its crane 52 connects the upper end of line 23 to the floating object for which it is desired to anchor, for example a semi-submersible platform or a buoy.
  • a drilling platform 65 of dynamic type carries a derrick 66 and a handling crane 67.
  • the handling and operating means mentioned are used to mount and deploy the anchor line 23 at the end of which is fixed a marine anchor 68.
  • the anchor line 23 reaches a sufficient length greater than the water depth at the level of the platform 65, the anchor 68 secures the platform to the seabed.
  • FIG 12 there is shown a fourth embodiment and use of an anchor line 23 according to the invention.
  • the anchor line is assembled and deployed from a storage tanker 70.
  • Handling and assembly means 71 and 72 fixed to the tanker's superstructure allow the line 23 to be mounted element by element, as in the previous cases.
  • a marine anchor 73 allows the anchoring of the tanker when the line has reached a sufficient length.
  • the anchor line according to the invention is highly efficient, simple to produce and at low cost.
  • its manufacture and implementation can be carried out by simple operations carried out using equipment existing in the field of drilling and petroleum exploitation.
  • the mechanical resistance and buoyancy characteristics of the line can be easily adapted to each particular case and the total length of the anchor line can be, by its modular design and the compensation of its weight by Archimedes thrust, brought to a very high value, higher than it is for all the currently known embodiments.
  • This length could for example be between 4000 and 10000 meters.
  • anchor line according to the invention can be used in fields other than oil research and exploitation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
EP88401736A 1987-09-10 1988-07-04 Ligne d'ancrage caténaire pour un engin flottant et dispositif et procédé de mise en oeuvre de cette ligne d'ancrage Expired - Lifetime EP0307255B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8712565 1987-09-10
FR8712565A FR2620413A1 (fr) 1987-09-10 1987-09-10 Element constitutif d'une ligne d'ancrage catenaire, ligne d'ancrage comportant un tel element, et dispositif et procede de mise en oeuvre de cette ligne d'ancrage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0307255A1 EP0307255A1 (fr) 1989-03-15
EP0307255B1 true EP0307255B1 (fr) 1992-01-15

Family

ID=9354779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401736A Expired - Lifetime EP0307255B1 (fr) 1987-09-10 1988-07-04 Ligne d'ancrage caténaire pour un engin flottant et dispositif et procédé de mise en oeuvre de cette ligne d'ancrage

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4941776A (xx)
EP (1) EP0307255B1 (xx)
BR (1) BR8804657A (xx)
CA (1) CA1320396C (xx)
FR (1) FR2620413A1 (xx)
NO (1) NO175246C (xx)
OA (1) OA08913A (xx)

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US5212939A (en) * 1991-12-04 1993-05-25 Pratt Jr John M Marine mooring swivel fitting
FR2688634B1 (fr) * 1992-03-10 1994-06-03 Souriau & Cie Connecteur de type polygonal, notamment rectangulaire a corps central isolant.
FR2693525B1 (fr) * 1992-07-07 1994-10-07 Techlam Dispositif anti-vibratoire pour engin remorqué.
US5893334A (en) * 1993-12-03 1999-04-13 Fmc Corporation Method and apparatus for mooring floating storage vessels
US5558467A (en) * 1994-11-08 1996-09-24 Deep Oil Technology, Inc. Deep water offshore apparatus
BR9506067A (pt) * 1995-12-22 1997-12-23 Petroleo Brasileira S A Petrob Sistema de posicionamento por ancoragem com complacência diferenciada
US5845893A (en) * 1997-03-14 1998-12-08 Bardex Engineering, Inc. Underwater self-aligning fairlead latch device for mooring a structure at sea
NL1019188C2 (nl) 2001-10-18 2003-04-23 Grofsmederij Nieuwkoop B V Sok alsmede ankerlijn.
EP1606160B1 (fr) * 2003-03-26 2007-01-17 Saipem S.A. Dispositif et procede de stabilisation et de controle de la descente ou remontee d'une structure lourde entre la surface et le fond de la mer
JP2006199249A (ja) * 2005-01-24 2006-08-03 Nsk Ltd ステアリング装置
ES2334606B1 (es) * 2007-09-12 2011-01-31 Vicinay Cadenas S.A. Linea de fondeo.
CN101746484B (zh) * 2008-12-12 2012-07-11 中国海洋石油总公司 锚泊式作业船舶在锚泊时跨越海底设施的操作方法
EP2470745A2 (en) * 2009-08-26 2012-07-04 DeepFlex Inc. Flexible catenary riser having distributed sag bend ballast
US8915205B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2014-12-23 Bardex Corporation Fairlead latch device
AU2012328225A1 (en) * 2011-10-27 2014-05-01 Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited Riser assembly and method of providing riser assembly
US20160347419A1 (en) * 2014-08-13 2016-12-01 Seaways Engineering International Inc. Floating production system and method
US10759628B2 (en) 2016-02-12 2020-09-01 Bardex Corporation Link coupler, chainwheel, and assembly thereof for coupling and moving chains of different sizes

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US2939291A (en) * 1955-06-06 1960-06-07 California Research Corp Anchoring system for floating drill structure
US3086368A (en) * 1958-10-08 1963-04-23 Popper Otto Chains and marine apparatus moored or anchored by chains to the sea bed
US3295489A (en) * 1964-06-20 1967-01-03 Bossa Eduardo Plastic compound catenary for anchorage and pipeline and/or cable support in any sea zone and depth
US3394672A (en) * 1966-09-20 1968-07-30 Exxon Production Research Co Apparatus for mooring floating structures
FR1565613A (xx) * 1968-03-19 1969-05-02
US4031919A (en) * 1971-10-06 1977-06-28 Exxon Production Research Company Articulated riser
US3756034A (en) * 1972-04-04 1973-09-04 Brown & Root Method and apparatus for laying pipelines
FR2310449A1 (fr) * 1975-05-07 1976-12-03 Erap Procede d'immersion de pieces massives et structure immergee obtenue par la mise en oeuvre dudit procede
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FR2535281A1 (fr) * 1982-10-29 1984-05-04 Precontrainte Ste Fse Hauban sous-marin a tirants en beton, notamment pour haubanage oblique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4941776A (en) 1990-07-17
NO884002D0 (no) 1988-09-08
BR8804657A (pt) 1989-04-18
EP0307255A1 (fr) 1989-03-15
CA1320396C (fr) 1993-07-20
OA08913A (fr) 1989-10-31
NO175246C (no) 1994-09-28
FR2620413A1 (fr) 1989-03-17
NO884002L (no) 1989-03-13
NO175246B (no) 1994-06-13

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