EP0302891A1 - Procede et installation d'electrolyse par percolation a travers une ou des electrodes volumiques poreuses. - Google Patents
Procede et installation d'electrolyse par percolation a travers une ou des electrodes volumiques poreuses.Info
- Publication number
- EP0302891A1 EP0302891A1 EP87903352A EP87903352A EP0302891A1 EP 0302891 A1 EP0302891 A1 EP 0302891A1 EP 87903352 A EP87903352 A EP 87903352A EP 87903352 A EP87903352 A EP 87903352A EP 0302891 A1 EP0302891 A1 EP 0302891A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bed
- electrode
- cycle
- pulsation
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000763 evoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- UUWCBFKLGFQDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Pt] UUWCBFKLGFQDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/40—Cells or assemblies of cells comprising electrodes made of particles; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an installation of e 1 ec t king y se perc ⁇ lation through one or more porous volu ic electrodes, in order to perform an electrochemical reaction. It applies in particular to the recovery of metals from dilute ionic solutions. It has been known for a long time to carry out lectrochemical reactions by electrolysis of a solution circulating through a conductive bed of solid particles, polarized negatively or positively depending on the reaction sought. This bed forms an electrode generally designated by "porous volume electrode", which offers high specific surfaces and makes it possible in particular to treat dilute ionic solutions, subjected to low current densities. Reference may for example be made to the following prior document which describes examples of such electrolyses: patent FR 80.07039.
- electrolyses of this type have been carried out through particle beds set in motion, from time to time, in order to eliminate the clogging phenomenon.
- the electrical conduction at the heart of the bed then takes place in very poor conditions. conditions and densities of electrolysis current, much lower than in a fixed bed, lead to very insufficient material transfers to make this process applicable on the industrial level.
- patent FR 2 020 055 describes a process consisting in confining the bed of particles between two grids and mentions that it is possible to ensure fluidization by pulses in order to bond the bed in the high part at circulation speed. high and leave it fixed in the lower part at lower speed.
- US Pat. No. 3,966,571 describes a similar process in which the particle bed is only polarized in the upper part, the displacement towards the lower position being used for unclogging.
- the material transfers are very poor and remain much lower in this type of process than those of an equivalent fixed bed. Thus, we unclog the bed but at the cost of a significant drop in efficiency.
- the present invention proposes to provide a solution to the su ⁇ s-evoked problem of clogging of volu ous porous electrodes.
- the essential objective of the invention is to eliminate the phenomena of clogging, while considerably improving the transfers of materials. Another objective is to obtain the above-mentioned effects without disturbing the selectivity of the reaction with respect to the deposited species.
- the electrolysis process aimed by the invention consists in electrically polarizing each volume electrode constituted by a conductive bed of solid particles, in circulating through said volume electrode a liquid electrolyte at an average flow rate Vo, and to generate a pulsation of the electro 1 yte flowing through the volume electrode.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that a periodic pulsation is superimposed on the circulation of the electrolyte having an amplitude -a and a frequency f satisfying the following conditions:
- each volume electrode eliminates the phenomena of clogging, by separating and dislocating the particles which cannot more to weld them, however that the operation in fixed bed during the remainder of the cycle with reversal of speed of the flow of electrolyte allows you an electrical conduction in satisfactory conditions inside the electrode.
- the delivery speed Vo will in practice generally be chosen much lower than the minimum fluidization speed Vmf (Vmf> 10 Vo) so that the fluidization is due only to the periodic pulsation superimposed on the flow. It is advantageous to avoid that the duration of the instants of fluidization is too long compared to the duration of the other fraction of cycle (during which the transfers have a high intensity). To this end, the superimposed pulsation to the flow is pre 'ference such that:
- the electrochemical reaction generates a deposit on the particles
- the latter gradually increase without disturbing the operation since the particles are periodically separated during the instants of fluidization.
- the pulsation is then adjusted or regulated so that the larger particles continue to fluidize during the short fraction of the pulsation cycle.
- these are eliminated continuously during the instants of fluidization so that the electrode benefits from continuous regeneration.
- the method of the invention can be implemented with very poorly conductive beds due to the elimination of the phenomena of superficial crusting, originating from the permanent homogenization of the bed which causes it to work in all its volume.
- the pulsation of the electrolyte can be produced by any appropriate means (piston, drawing pump ...); this pulse will be generated in practice with a frequency between 0.5 and 2 hertz, this frequency range appearing to give the best results.
- the invention extends to an electrolysis installation with a view to the implementation of the method described above; this installation comprises a reactor provided with an inlet and an outlet for electrolysis, at least one porous volume electrode constituted by a conductive bed of solid particles disposed in the reactor, at least one conductive counter electrode disposed in said reactor, electrical means connected to each counter-electrode and to each volume electrode for the purpose of polarizing the latter, these means for circulating the electrolyte in the reactor and means for pulsating the electrolyte at the level of the particle bed (s) constituting the volume electrode (s).
- Said installation is characterized in that the pulsation means comprise a bypass mounted on the reactor and provided with a periodic displacement member actuated by drive means.
- This installation can be of the axial type (electric field parallel to the flow speed) or crossed (electric field not parallel to the flow speed). It can be of the "multi-bed” type comprising several superimposed volume electrodes and several conr e- é 1 ectrodes associated with them.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an installation according to the invention of the axial type, in which the delivery speed is ascending,
- FIG. 2 is a detailed view in section of this installation
- FIGS. 3 and 4 present diagrams illustrating the operation of said installation
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an installation of the axial type, in which the delivery speed is falling
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an installation of the crossed type, with several superimposed volume electrodes.
- the installation shown by way of example in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a column with a vertical axis 1 having at its base an electrolyte inlet 1b and containing a porous bed 2 of spherical conductive particles, supported by a polyethylene grid 3
- This grid maintained by flanges 4 supports a current supply constituted by a metal spiral 5 connected to the negative terminal of an electric generator.
- the column is equipped with a counter-electrode 13 constituted by a platinum titanium grid connected to the positive terminal of the electric generator.
- This counter-electrode is positioned high enough above the bed to eliminate any risk of contact when the bed is in the fluidized state.
- ESS reference electrode 14 located above the porous bed allows the electric generator to be controlled in the zone for recovering the deposited metal.
- a turbulator 20 constituted in the example by two perpendicular insulating rods is immersed in the bed so as to generate, during f lu id isa t ions, turbulent movement of solid particles, promoting the homogenization of the bed.
- the base of column 1 has a horizontal bypass in which are housed pulsation means. These means comprise a displacing piston 6 constituted by a deformable skirt carried by a head made of polytorofluoro thylene. The head of the piston is moved by a rod 6a subjected to a back-and-forth movement. This movement is generated by an eccentric 7 actuated by a direct current motor 8 of adjustable speed.
- the amplitude -a- of the movement of the piston 6 can be adjusted by adjusting the eccentricity by means of a screw 9.
- the transformation of the rotary movement of the eccentric 7 into translational movement is ensured by a slide 10 with bearings.
- a support 12 (supporting the bypass la) and a bearing 11 hold the rod 6a in a horizontal position.
- the solution to be treated is taken from a tank 15 by one.
- gear pump 16 to be delivered at constant upward speed Vo through a flow meter 17 at the base 1b of column 1.
- the treated solution leaves at the head of the column by an outlet which pours it out and is recovered in a tank 18.
- a valve system 19 makes it possible to treat the solution continuously or sequentially.
- This example relates to the recovery of copper in an electrolytic solution of sulfuric acid IN containing 100 pp. of copper in the form of CuSO ⁇ (1.56 mole per liter).
- the amplitude -a- and the frequency -f- of the pulsation were caused to vary respectively from 20.10 "to 5.10" 3 m and from 0 to 2 hertz.
- the speed Vo was fixed in this example at 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 m / s.
- the minimum fluidization speed Vmf of the copper balls concerned is 390 ⁇ 10 3 m / s, which is much higher in these tests at Vo.
- Point A represents the beginning fluidization where:
- FIG. 5 represents another embodiment of an installation, which differs from the previous one by:
- valve 28 to possibly evacuate gases from the counter-electrode reaction.
- the installations referred to in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 are of the axial type, for which the electric field is parallel to the direction of circulation of the electrolyte.
- FIG. 6 shows another installation of the multi-bed radial type.
- this installation includes, like the first (FIGS. 1, 2), pulsation means located at its base.
- Current leads are formed by conductive grids 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87903352T ATE67526T1 (de) | 1986-06-06 | 1987-06-02 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur elektrolyse mit durchsickern von einer mehreren voluminoesen poroesen elektroden. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8608331A FR2599758B1 (fr) | 1986-06-06 | 1986-06-06 | Procede et installation d'electrolyse par percolation a travers une ou des electrodes volumiques poreuses |
FR8608331 | 1986-06-06 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0302891A1 true EP0302891A1 (fr) | 1989-02-15 |
EP0302891B1 EP0302891B1 (fr) | 1991-09-18 |
Family
ID=9336164
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87903352A Expired - Lifetime EP0302891B1 (fr) | 1986-06-06 | 1987-06-02 | Procede et installation d'electrolyse par percolation a travers une ou des electrodes volumiques poreuses |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4913779A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0302891B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2609125B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE67526T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1257221A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3773207D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2599758B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1987007653A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5804044A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1998-09-08 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrolysis device and method using a porous electrode |
FI903956A (fi) * | 1990-08-10 | 1992-02-11 | Erkki Haeivaelae | Foerfarande och apparatur foer elektrolytisk behandling av vaetskor, i synnerhet avfallsvatten. |
FR2681079B1 (fr) * | 1991-09-06 | 1994-09-09 | Kodak Pathe | Dispositif et procede d'electrolyse a electrode poreuse et agitee. |
GB2274285A (en) * | 1992-12-19 | 1994-07-20 | Rainer Kubitz | Electrolysis cell with particle bed electrodes for treating metal containing effluent |
US5318675A (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1994-06-07 | Patterson James A | Method for electrolysis of water to form metal hydride |
US5372688A (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1994-12-13 | Patterson; James A. | System for electrolysis of liquid electrolyte |
US5494559A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-02-27 | Patterson; James A. | System for electrolysis |
US5616219A (en) * | 1995-06-13 | 1997-04-01 | Patterson; James A. | System and method for electrolysis and heating of water |
US5599437A (en) * | 1995-06-20 | 1997-02-04 | Faraday Technology, Inc. | Electrolysis of electroactive species using pulsed current |
US5607563A (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1997-03-04 | Patterson; James A. | System for electrolysis |
US5618394A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-04-08 | Patterson; James A. | System and electrolytic cell having inert spherical core catalytic elements for heating a liquid electrolyte |
US5632871A (en) * | 1996-01-25 | 1997-05-27 | Patterson; James A. | System and electrolytic cell having pure metal catalytic elements for heating a liquid electrolyte |
US5628886A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1997-05-13 | Patterson; James A. | Electrolytic system for heating a liquid electrolyte |
FR2745823B1 (fr) * | 1996-03-07 | 1998-06-12 | Toulouse Inst Nat Polytech | Dispositif de production en continu de particules enrobees de metal electrolysable |
FR2976296B1 (fr) | 2011-06-09 | 2014-05-16 | Univ Rennes | Procede de traitement par percolation d'un element de feutre par electrodeposition |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1239983A (en) * | 1968-10-07 | 1971-07-21 | Brown John Constr | Electrochemical processes |
US3966571A (en) * | 1974-04-24 | 1976-06-29 | General Motors Corporation | Method of operating a dynamically packed bed electrode electrochemical cell system |
FR2479273A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-28 | 1981-10-02 | Kodak Pathe | Dispositif d'electrolyse a electrode poreuse et son application a la recuperation des metaux a partir des solutions aqueuses |
-
1986
- 1986-06-06 FR FR8608331A patent/FR2599758B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1987
- 1987-06-02 DE DE8787903352T patent/DE3773207D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-06-02 US US07/297,858 patent/US4913779A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-06-02 JP JP62503366A patent/JP2609125B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-02 AT AT87903352T patent/ATE67526T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-06-02 WO PCT/FR1987/000192 patent/WO1987007653A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1987-06-02 EP EP87903352A patent/EP0302891B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-05 CA CA000538969A patent/CA1257221A/fr not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8707653A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2609125B2 (ja) | 1997-05-14 |
FR2599758B1 (fr) | 1990-10-26 |
WO1987007653A1 (fr) | 1987-12-17 |
DE3773207D1 (de) | 1991-10-24 |
CA1257221A (fr) | 1989-07-11 |
FR2599758A1 (fr) | 1987-12-11 |
JPH01503309A (ja) | 1989-11-09 |
US4913779A (en) | 1990-04-03 |
EP0302891B1 (fr) | 1991-09-18 |
ATE67526T1 (de) | 1991-10-15 |
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