EP0300931A1 - Fluid reservoir and its fabrication process - Google Patents

Fluid reservoir and its fabrication process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0300931A1
EP0300931A1 EP88420254A EP88420254A EP0300931A1 EP 0300931 A1 EP0300931 A1 EP 0300931A1 EP 88420254 A EP88420254 A EP 88420254A EP 88420254 A EP88420254 A EP 88420254A EP 0300931 A1 EP0300931 A1 EP 0300931A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
envelope
cup
internal envelope
reservoir
metal part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88420254A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0300931B1 (en
Inventor
Claude Léon Hembert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8710768A external-priority patent/FR2618524B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8807256A external-priority patent/FR2632051B1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT88420254T priority Critical patent/ATE67834T1/en
Publication of EP0300931A1 publication Critical patent/EP0300931A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0300931B1 publication Critical patent/EP0300931B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0114—Shape cylindrical with interiorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
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    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0624—Single wall with four or more layers
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    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0665—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments radially wound
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
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    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reservoir for any fluid, such as gas at a pressure of the order of 10 to 500 bars (10 to 500 x 105 Pa), or a volatile flammable liquid or alternatively a hydraulic fluid.
  • This reservoir is of the type comprising two concentric envelopes, namely an internal envelope intended to achieve fluid tightness and an external envelope intended to achieve mechanical strength.
  • This mechanical resistance is reinforced at the closed end of the container by a cup arranged between the two envelopes.
  • a cup disposed between the two envelopes, with which is associated a second part forming the neck, equipped with means for connection to pipes, regulator, valves, etc.
  • French patent application 86 09126 in the name of the Applicant provides an improved reservoir in which the neck and the cup, situated on the side of the open end of the reservoir, are made in one piece, and in which the internal envelope is in thermoplastic material.
  • This tank is sealed using annular seals.
  • these can have a defect or be damaged during assembly, which is relatively inconvenient. Leakage problems may therefore persist long-term.
  • the present invention aims to provide a tank of this type, of simple construction, ensuring excellent sealing of the interior of the tank, without having to resort to sealing elements, such as seals.
  • the fluid reservoir of generally cylindrical shape which it relates to and which is of the type comprising an internal envelope made of thermoplastic material intended to produce the seal and an external envelope produced by filament winding and intended to ensure mechanical resistance, with the interposition between the two envelopes of a first cup located on the bottom side and of a second cup located on the side of the open end of the tank, made in one piece with a connection neck, is characterized in that at least the part of the internal envelope located on the side of the open end of the tank is fixed to the metal part forming a neck and cup over the entire contact surface between these two elements, while the external surface of the cup and qu 'a part of the external surface of the neck is covered by the external envelope.
  • the two parts considered, neck and cup on the one hand, and inner envelope on the other hand are completely integral with each other, so that the capacity thus produced is not subject to risk of leaks due to seals or detachment between the internal envelope and the stiffening insert when the capacity is subjected to very high pressure, as it exists in the case of gas pressure storage.
  • These assembled elements give the tank an excellent seal and mechanical resistance.
  • the internal face of the neck has, in its zone covered by the inner envelope, a recess of thickness corresponding substantially to the thickness of the envelope.
  • the inner casing is embedded in the neck, which further improves the conditions of connection with sealing between these two elements.
  • thermoplastic materials capable of constituting the internal envelope it is provided that at least the surface of the metal part intended to be in contact with the envelope is covered, prior to the assembly of these two elements, a layer of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope allowing the attachment between said elements.
  • annular strip made of elastomeric material is interposed between the outer casing and at least one cup on the inclined surface of the latter so as to strengthen the mechanical connection between these two elements and to allow a certain possibility of radial displacement of the outer shell relative to the cup.
  • the reservoir comprises, over the entire contact surface between the metal part and the internal envelope, a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic epoxy and of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope considered.
  • the reservoir comprises, over the entire contact surface between the metal part and the internal envelope, a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic and polyamide epoxy.
  • the assembly thus produced between these two elements can withstand tensile forces greater than 150 Kgf / cm2.
  • the filament winding constituting the external envelope is advantageously a cross winding comprising fibers. coiled along the two diagonal planes of the cylindrical tank and fibers coiled along its circumference, so that the density of the fibers at the ends of the cylindrical tank is greater than that at its wall.
  • the reservoir is covered by a fire and thermal protective coating consisting of at least two layers, respectively inner and outer, the inner layer formed by a sheet of paper of ceramic fibers being intended to be fixed by one of its faces on the outer shell of the tank and to form a thermal barrier, the outer layer forming a fire protection capable of being brought into contact with flames consisting of a glass fabric / glass mat complex in which the glass fabric is mechanically bonded to the glass mat, itself fixed on the internal layer, this complex being coated or impregnated with a product for reinforcing the chemocatalytic effect.
  • a fire and thermal protective coating consisting of at least two layers, respectively inner and outer, the inner layer formed by a sheet of paper of ceramic fibers being intended to be fixed by one of its faces on the outer shell of the tank and to form a thermal barrier, the outer layer forming a fire protection capable of being brought into contact with flames consisting of a glass fabric / glass mat complex in which the glass fabric is mechanically bonded to the glass mat, itself fixed on the internal
  • This coating is able to resist fire for a period of more than 30 minutes.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the reservoir.
  • the reservoir designated by the general reference 2 of generally cylindrical shape, comprises an internal envelope 3 made for example of polyamide, polypropylene or polyethylene, and an external envelope 4 made, for example, of reinforced epoxy resin of glass fibers, and obtained by filament winding.
  • This tank is equipped, in a known manner and on the side of its closed end, with a bottom cup 5 , placed between the two internal envelopes 3 and external 4 and made of a rigid material, such as bronze, mechanical stainless steel, alloy aluminum or stainless steel.
  • this part 6 comprises a tubular part 7 forming the neck, having a central passage 8 .
  • the end of the central passage 8 located on the outside is delimited by a tapped surface 9 allowing the connection of a tube, or else of a regulator or a tap.
  • the end of the tubular element 7 located on the side of the interior of the container, is extended by a cup-shaped part 10 , delimited on the side of the internal envelope 3 by a surface 12 inclined from the outside towards inside and from the open end of the tank towards the closed end of the latter, and on the side of the external casing 4 by a surface 13 inclined from the inside towards the outside and from the open end of the tank toward the closed end of it.
  • the shape of the cup 10 is given here only by way of example; in fact, the surface 12 can also be substantially perpendicular to the axis of the tank 2 . It all depends, in fact, on the nature of the material of the part 6 and on the pressure exerted by the fluid likely to be contained in the reservoir.
  • the bottom cup 5 has a general shape identical to that of the metal part 6 .
  • This allows economical standardization of the metal parts 6 and 5 and it suffices to bore and tap a cup 5 to obtain a metal part 6 having a central passage 8 delimited by a tapping 9 .
  • the internal envelope 3 is shaped so as to have a cylindrical neck 14 extending over part of the length of the neck, and embedded in a recess 15 which the latter comprises, so that after mounting, there is a perfect continuity between the inner face of the envelope 3 and the inner face of the neck 8 .
  • the surface of the recess 15 and the surface 12 constitute the contact surface 16 between the metal part 6 and the internal envelope 3 which are integral with each other over this entire contact surface 16 .
  • it is intended to receive before assembly of the envelope 3 to the part 6 a layer of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope 3 allowing the connection between these two elements.
  • this connection can be obtained by means of a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic epoxy and polyamide covering the entire surface. contact 16 . It may, for example, be a mixture of the products known and marketed under the names "RILPRIM 204" and "RILSAN NATUREL ES4".
  • the "RILPRIM 204" is, first of all, applied to the metal part 6 , after which the assembly is brought to temperature before projection of the "RILSAN NATURAL ES4" and securing of the envelope in synthetic material, for example inside a mold.
  • the metal-synthetic bond thus produced which can withstand high mechanical stresses, provides excellent sealing.
  • bottom cup 5 can be fixed in the same way as the part 6 on the internal envelope 3 according to a connection having the characteristics described above.
  • the external envelope 4 covers the inclined external surface 13 of the cup 10 as well as part of the external surface of the neck 7 .
  • the filament winding constituting this external envelope 4 is, in fact, a crossed winding carried out along the two diagonal planes of the cylindrical tank 2 and along its circumference so that the density of the fibers at the ends of the cylindrical tank 2 is greater to that at its cylindrical wall.
  • This arrangement improves the mechanical strength of the tank and, in the event of bursting due to an internal overpressure, avoids its disintegration into several pieces. Indeed, in this case, it produces only a rupture along a band of limited surface, and localized in the cylindrical wall of least resistance.
  • annular strip 22 made of elastomeric material is interposed between the internal envelope 4 and each cup 10 , 5 on the inclined surface 13 of the latter.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to considerably reduce the stresses at the two ends of the tank 2 .
  • the fluid reservoir 2 also comprises a coating 17 for fire and thermal protection shown partially in the drawing, and comprising two layers, namely an inner layer 18 and an outer layer 19 .
  • the inner layer 18 is a sheet of paper made from ceramic fibers. This sheet 18 has a thickness chosen between 0.5 and 5 millimeters and a very low coefficient of thermal conductivity. It withstands heat up to temperatures of around 1,400 ° C.
  • This inner layer 18 is bonded by one of its faces to the outer envelope 4 and its other face is also assembled by bonding with the outer layer 19 of the coating 17 .
  • the latter is constituted by a fire-resistant complex glass fabric 20 / glass mat 21 assembled mechanically by any means known per se, in particular by tying points.
  • the glass mat 21 of the complex 19 is bonded during manufacture to the inner layer 18 , while the glass fabric 20 forms the surface of the coating 17 liable to be exposed to flames.
  • the complex 19 has a thickness of between 0.9 and 2 millimeters. It is also previously coated with an urea / formaldehyde resin etherified with a reactive system of the acrylonitrile / acrylate butadiene type in the presence of a catalyst of the thiocyanate type.
  • This resin is a product for reinforcing the chemocatalytic effect which makes it possible to increase the non-combustibility of the complex 19 .
  • the adhesive used for assembling the inner layer 18 to the outer layer 19 and for fixing the covering 17 to the outer envelope 4 is a non-flammable synthetic adhesive, for example a one-component epoxy resin, solvent-free, thermosetting and resistant to temperatures above 800 ° C.
  • the coating 17 has a thickness of 5 to 6 millimeters and can take any shape due to its flexibility.
  • the method of manufacturing the reservoir in its preferred embodiment described below consists, first of all, of cleaning and degreasing the metal part 6 using an organic solvent such as acetone, then degas it in an oven heated to around 300 ° C, in order to completely remove the grease and the solvent.
  • thermoplastic material of said shell 3 Is then applied at least on the surface 16 of the metallic part 6 intended to be in contact with the inner casing 3 a layer of the constituent thermoplastic material of said shell 3.
  • This application can be carried out by spraying the thermoplastic material or by immersing the part 6 in a hot fluidized bath of said material.
  • the metal part 6 and the cup 5 located on the side of the bottom of the tank 2 are then placed at the ends of a mold of the internal envelope 3 belonging to a rotational molding device known per se in which the mold is driven in rotation , on the one hand, around its axis and, on the other hand, around another axis perpendicular to said axis of the mold.
  • the mold is then heated, while the thermoplastic material considered, previously introduced into said mold, is brought into fusion therein so as to produce the internal envelope 3 by molding.
  • mold heating means are concentrated at each of its ends so that the heating temperature of the latter is higher than that of its central part connecting said ends.
  • the cylindrical internal envelope 3 is demolded, and a filament winding is then carried out around it along its two diagonal planes and along its circumference in order to obtain the external envelope 4

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)

Abstract

This reservoir, of the type comprising an inner case (3) for leaktightness and an outer case (4) for physical strength, and between the two cases a first dome (5) at the closed end and a second dome (10) at the open end of the reservoir, this second dome (10) being made in one piece with a connecting throat (7), is characterised in that part of the inner case (3) at the open end of the reservoir (2) is fixed to the metal piece (6) forming the throat (7) and dome (10) over the entire contact area (16) between the two members (3, 6) while the outer surface (13) of the dome (10) and some of the outer surface of the throat (7) are covered by the outer case (4). <??>Application to the construction of reservoirs of all kinds for pressurised gas, flammable and volatile liquids or hydraulic fluids. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un réservoir pour fluide quel­conque, tel que du gaz à une pression de l'ordre de 10 à 500 bars (10 à 500 x 10⁵ Pa), ou un liquide volatil inflammable ou bien encore un fluide hydraulique.The present invention relates to a reservoir for any fluid, such as gas at a pressure of the order of 10 to 500 bars (10 to 500 x 10⁵ Pa), or a volatile flammable liquid or alternatively a hydraulic fluid.

Ce réservoir est du type comportant deux enveloppes concentri­ques, à savoir une enveloppe interne destinée à réaliser l'étanchéité au fluide et une enveloppe externe destinée à réaliser la résistance mécanique.This reservoir is of the type comprising two concentric envelopes, namely an internal envelope intended to achieve fluid tightness and an external envelope intended to achieve mechanical strength.

Cette résistance mécanique est renforcée au niveau de l'extrémité fermée du récipient par une coupelle disposée entre les deux enveloppes. Au niveau de l'extrémité ouverte du récipient, il est généralement prévu une coupelle disposée entre les deux enveloppes, à laquelle est associée une deuxième pièce formant le goulot, équipée de moyens de raccordement à des tubulures, détendeur, robinets, etc...This mechanical resistance is reinforced at the closed end of the container by a cup arranged between the two envelopes. At the open end of the container, there is generally provided a cup disposed between the two envelopes, with which is associated a second part forming the neck, equipped with means for connection to pipes, regulator, valves, etc.

Un tel réservoir est décrit notamment dans le brevet français 2 301 746. Dans ce réservoir, la coupelle et le goulot présentent des évasements complémentaires tournés vers l'extérieur, permettant un pincement du bord ouvert du réservoir.Such a reservoir is described in particular in French patent 2,301,746. In this reservoir, the cup and the neck have complementary flares facing outward, allowing pinching of the open edge of the reservoir.

Une telle solution n'est pas satisfaisante du fait que, pour assurer la mise en place de la coupelle sur l'extrémité ouverte de l'enveloppe interne, il convient, tout d'abord, de déformer l'extrémité ouverte de cette enveloppe puis, après engagement de la coupelle, de reformer cette extrémité afin qu'elle vienne épouser la partie évasée de la coupelle.Such a solution is not satisfactory because, to ensure the positioning of the cup on the open end of the internal envelope, it is first of all necessary to deform the open end of this envelope and then , after engagement of the cup, to reform this end so that it comes to marry the flared part of the cup.

En outre, cet évasement nuit à une bonne étanchéité.In addition, this flare affects good sealing.

Il existe également des réservoirs à deux enveloppes concentriques dans lesquels l'enveloppe interne est réalisée en un matériau métallique. Ces réservoirs présentent l'inconvénient d'être relativement lourds et sont de plus extrêmement dangereux en cas d'explosion, car ils se comportent comme une véritable bombe projetant des éclats métalliques.There are also tanks with two concentric envelopes in which the internal envelope is made of a metallic material. These tanks have the disadvantage of being relatively heavy and are moreover extremely dangerous in the event of an explosion, since they behave like a real bomb projecting metallic fragments.

La demande de brevet français 86 09126 au nom du Demandeur fournit un réservoir amélioré dans lequel le goulot et la coupelle, situés du côté de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir, sont réalisés en une seule pièce, et dans lequel l'enveloppe interne est en matière thermoplastique. L'étanchéité de ce réservoir est assurée à l'aide de joints annulaires. Or, ces derniers peuvent présenter un défaut ou être endommagés lors du montage, qui est relativement peu commode. Il peut donc persister des problèmes d'étanchéité à long terme.French patent application 86 09126 in the name of the Applicant provides an improved reservoir in which the neck and the cup, situated on the side of the open end of the reservoir, are made in one piece, and in which the internal envelope is in thermoplastic material. This tank is sealed using annular seals. However, these can have a defect or be damaged during assembly, which is relatively inconvenient. Leakage problems may therefore persist long-term.

La présente invention vise à fournir un réservoir de ce type, de réalisation simple, assurant une excellente étanchéité de l'intérieur du réser­voir, sans avoir à recourir à des éléments d'étanchéité, tels que des joints.The present invention aims to provide a tank of this type, of simple construction, ensuring excellent sealing of the interior of the tank, without having to resort to sealing elements, such as seals.

A cet effet, le réservoir de fluide de forme générale cylindrique qu'elle concerne et qui est du type comprenant une enveloppe interne en matière thermoplastique destinée à réaliser l'étanchéité et une enveloppe externe réalisée par enroulement filamentaire et destinée à assurer la résistance mécanique, avec interposition entre les deux enveloppes d'une première coupelle située du côté du fond et d'une seconde coupelle située du côté de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir, réalisée en une seule pièce avec un goulot de raccordement, est caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la partie de l'enveloppe interne située du côté de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir est fixée sur la pièce métallique formant goulot et coupelle sur toute la surface de contact entre ces deux éléments, tandis que la surface extérieure de la coupelle et qu'une partie de la surface extérieure du goulot sont recouvertes par l'enveloppe extérieure.For this purpose, the fluid reservoir of generally cylindrical shape which it relates to and which is of the type comprising an internal envelope made of thermoplastic material intended to produce the seal and an external envelope produced by filament winding and intended to ensure mechanical resistance, with the interposition between the two envelopes of a first cup located on the bottom side and of a second cup located on the side of the open end of the tank, made in one piece with a connection neck, is characterized in that at least the part of the internal envelope located on the side of the open end of the tank is fixed to the metal part forming a neck and cup over the entire contact surface between these two elements, while the external surface of the cup and qu 'a part of the external surface of the neck is covered by the external envelope.

Après assemblage, les deux pièces considérées, goulot et coupelle d'une part, et enveloppe intérieure d'autre part, sont totalement solidaires l'une de l'autre, de telle sorte que la capacité ainsi réalisée n'est pas sujette à des risques de fuites dus aux joints ou à un décollement entre l'enveloppe interne et l'insert de raidissement lorsque la capacité est soumise à une pression très élevée, comme elle existe dans le cas de stockage sous pression d'un gaz. Ces éléments assemblés confèrent au réservoir une étanchéité et une résistance mécanique excellentes.After assembly, the two parts considered, neck and cup on the one hand, and inner envelope on the other hand, are completely integral with each other, so that the capacity thus produced is not subject to risk of leaks due to seals or detachment between the internal envelope and the stiffening insert when the capacity is subjected to very high pressure, as it exists in the case of gas pressure storage. These assembled elements give the tank an excellent seal and mechanical resistance.

Avantageusement, la face interne du goulot présente, dans sa zone recouverte par l'enveloppe intérieure, un évidement d'épaisseur correspondant sensiblement à l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe.Advantageously, the internal face of the neck has, in its zone covered by the inner envelope, a recess of thickness corresponding substantially to the thickness of the envelope.

De cette façon, en position montée de l'ensemble, l'enveloppe intérieure se trouve encastrée dans le goulot, ce qui améliore encore les conditions de liaison avec étanchéité entre ces deux éléments.In this way, in the assembled position of the assembly, the inner casing is embedded in the neck, which further improves the conditions of connection with sealing between these two elements.

Selon une forme d'exécution préférée applicable à tous les maté­riaux thermoplastiques susceptibles de constituer l'enveloppe interne, il est prévu qu'au moins la surface de la pièce métallique destinée à être en contact avec l'enveloppe est recouverte, préalablement à l'assemblage de ces deux éléments, d'une couche du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de l'enveloppe interne permettant l'accrochage entre lesdits éléments.According to a preferred embodiment applicable to all the thermoplastic materials capable of constituting the internal envelope, it is provided that at least the surface of the metal part intended to be in contact with the envelope is covered, prior to the assembly of these two elements, a layer of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope allowing the attachment between said elements.

De préférence, une bande annulaire réalisée en matériau élastomère est interposée entre l'enveloppe externe et au moins une coupelle sur la surface inclinée de cette dernière de manière à renforcer la liaison mécanique entre ces deux éléments et à permettre une certaine possibilité de déplacement radial de l'enveloppe externe par rapport à la coupelle.Preferably, an annular strip made of elastomeric material is interposed between the outer casing and at least one cup on the inclined surface of the latter so as to strengthen the mechanical connection between these two elements and to allow a certain possibility of radial displacement of the outer shell relative to the cup.

Conformément à une variante d'exécution, le réservoir comprend, sur toute la surface de contact entre la pièce métallique et l'enveloppe interne, un élément d'adhérence bicomposant constitué par un mélange d'époxy phénolique et du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de l'enveloppe interne considérée.According to an alternative embodiment, the reservoir comprises, over the entire contact surface between the metal part and the internal envelope, a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic epoxy and of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope considered.

Dans le cas où l'enveloppe interne est réalisée en un matériau thermoplastique du type polyamide, le réservoir comprend, sur toute la surface de contact entre la pièce métallique et l'enveloppe interne, un élément d'adhérence bicomposant constitué par un mélange d'époxy phénolique et de polyamide.In the case where the internal envelope is made of a thermoplastic material of the polyamide type, the reservoir comprises, over the entire contact surface between the metal part and the internal envelope, a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic and polyamide epoxy.

L'assemblage ainsi réalisé entre ces deux éléments peut résister à des efforts de traction supérieurs à 150 Kgf/cm².The assembly thus produced between these two elements can withstand tensile forces greater than 150 Kgf / cm².

Afin de répondre aux normes de sécurité qui exigent qu'en cas d'explosion le réservoir reste en une seule pièce et afin d'améliorer la résistance mécanique, l'enroulement filamentaire constitutif de l'enveloppe externe est avantageusement un bobinage croisé comprenant des fibres embobinées suivant les deux plans diagonaux du réservoir cylindrique et des fibres embobinées suivant sa circonférence, de telle sorte que la densité des fibres au niveau des extrémités du réservoir cylindrique soit supérieure à celle au niveau de sa paroi.In order to meet safety standards which require that, in the event of an explosion, the reservoir remains in one piece and in order to improve the mechanical resistance, the filament winding constituting the external envelope is advantageously a cross winding comprising fibers. coiled along the two diagonal planes of the cylindrical tank and fibers coiled along its circumference, so that the density of the fibers at the ends of the cylindrical tank is greater than that at its wall.

De préférence, le réservoir est recouvert par un revêtement de protection anti-feu et thermique constitué par au moins deux couches respectivement intérieure et extérieure, la couche intérieure formée par une feuille de papier en fibres céramiques étant destinée à être fixée par l'une de ses faces sur l'enveloppe externe du réservoir et à former une barrière thermique, la couche extérieure formant une protection anti-feu susceptible d'être mise en contact avec des flammes étant constituée par un complexe tissu de verre/mat de verre dans lequel le tissu de verre est lié mécani­quement au mat de verre, lui-même fixé sur la couche interne, ce complexe étant enduit ou imprégné d'un produit de renforcement de l'effet chimio­catalytique.Preferably, the reservoir is covered by a fire and thermal protective coating consisting of at least two layers, respectively inner and outer, the inner layer formed by a sheet of paper of ceramic fibers being intended to be fixed by one of its faces on the outer shell of the tank and to form a thermal barrier, the outer layer forming a fire protection capable of being brought into contact with flames consisting of a glass fabric / glass mat complex in which the glass fabric is mechanically bonded to the glass mat, itself fixed on the internal layer, this complex being coated or impregnated with a product for reinforcing the chemocatalytic effect.

Ce revêtement est apte à résister au feu pendant une durée supérieure à 30 minutes.This coating is able to resist fire for a period of more than 30 minutes.

La présente invention concerne également un procédé de fabri­cation du réservoir.The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the reservoir.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques res­sortiront de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé dont la figure unique représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un réservoir.The invention will be better understood and other characteristics will emerge from the description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing, the single figure of which represents a view in longitudinal section of a tank.

Comme montré au dessin, le réservoir désigné par la référence générale 2, de forme générale cylindrique, comprend une enveloppe interne 3 réalisée par exemple en polyamide, en polypropylène ou en polyéthylène, et une enveloppe externe 4 réalisée, par exemple, en résine époxy renforcée de fibres de verre, et obtenue par enroulement filamentaire.As shown in the drawing, the reservoir designated by the general reference 2 , of generally cylindrical shape, comprises an internal envelope 3 made for example of polyamide, polypropylene or polyethylene, and an external envelope 4 made, for example, of reinforced epoxy resin of glass fibers, and obtained by filament winding.

Ce réservoir est équipé, de façon connue et du côté de son extrémité fermée, d'une coupelle de fond 5, disposée entre les deux enve­loppes interne 3 et externe 4 et réalisé en un matériau rigide, tel que bronze, acier inox mécanique, alliage aluminium ou acier inoxydable.This tank is equipped, in a known manner and on the side of its closed end, with a bottom cup 5 , placed between the two internal envelopes 3 and external 4 and made of a rigid material, such as bronze, mechanical stainless steel, alloy aluminum or stainless steel.

A l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir est disposée une pièce 6 de préférence métallique jouant à la fois le rôle de goulot et de coupelle. A cet effet, cette pièce 6 comprend une partie tubulaire 7 formant le goulot, présentant un passage central 8. L'extrémité du passage central 8 situé du côté extérieur est délimitée par une surface taraudée 9 permettant le raccordement d'une tubulure, ou bien d'un détendeur ou d'un robinet. L'extrémité de l'élément tubulaire 7, située du côté de l'intérieur du récipient, est prolongée par une partie 10 en forme de coupelle, délimitée du côté de l'enveloppe interne 3 par une surface 12 inclinée de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur et de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir vers l'extrémité fermée de celui-ci, et du côté de l'enveloppe externe 4 par une surface 13 inclinée de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur et de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir vers l'extrémité fermée de celui-ci.At the open end of the reservoir is arranged a piece 6 , preferably metallic, playing both the role of neck and cup. To this end, this part 6 comprises a tubular part 7 forming the neck, having a central passage 8 . The end of the central passage 8 located on the outside is delimited by a tapped surface 9 allowing the connection of a tube, or else of a regulator or a tap. The end of the tubular element 7 , located on the side of the interior of the container, is extended by a cup-shaped part 10 , delimited on the side of the internal envelope 3 by a surface 12 inclined from the outside towards inside and from the open end of the tank towards the closed end of the latter, and on the side of the external casing 4 by a surface 13 inclined from the inside towards the outside and from the open end of the tank toward the closed end of it.

La forme de la coupelle 10 n'est donnée ici qu'à titre d'exemple ; en effet, la surface 12 peut également être sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe du réservoir 2. Tout dépend, en fait, de la nature du matériau de la pièce 6 et de la pression exercée par le fluide susceptible d'être contenu dans le réservoir.The shape of the cup 10 is given here only by way of example; in fact, the surface 12 can also be substantially perpendicular to the axis of the tank 2 . It all depends, in fact, on the nature of the material of the part 6 and on the pressure exerted by the fluid likely to be contained in the reservoir.

Dans cet exemple, et comme il ressort de la figure, la coupelle de fond 5 présente une forme générale identique à celle de la pièce métallique 6. Cela permet une standardisation économique des pièces métalliques 6 et 5 et il suffit d'aléser et de tarauder une coupelle 5 pour obtenir une pièce métallique 6 comportant un passage central 8 délimité par un taraudage 9.In this example, and as is apparent from the figure, the bottom cup 5 has a general shape identical to that of the metal part 6 . This allows economical standardization of the metal parts 6 and 5 and it suffices to bore and tap a cup 5 to obtain a metal part 6 having a central passage 8 delimited by a tapping 9 .

L'enveloppe interne 3 est conformée de façon à présenter un col cylindrique 14 s'étendant sur une partie de la longueur du goulot, et encastré dans un évidement 15 que comporte celui-ci, de telle sorte qu'après montage, il existe une parfaite continuité entre la face intérieure de l'enveloppe 3 et la face intérieure du goulot 8.The internal envelope 3 is shaped so as to have a cylindrical neck 14 extending over part of the length of the neck, and embedded in a recess 15 which the latter comprises, so that after mounting, there is a perfect continuity between the inner face of the envelope 3 and the inner face of the neck 8 .

La surface de l'évidement 15 et la surface 12 constituent la surface de contact 16 entre la pièce métallique 6 et l'enveloppe interne 3 qui sont solidaires l'une de l'autre sur toute cette surface de contact 16.The surface of the recess 15 and the surface 12 constitute the contact surface 16 between the metal part 6 and the internal envelope 3 which are integral with each other over this entire contact surface 16 .

Selon une forme préférée de réalisation, elle est destinée à recevoir avant assemblage de l'enveloppe 3 à la pièce 6 une couche du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de l'enveloppe interne 3 permettant la liaison entre ces deux éléments.According to a preferred embodiment, it is intended to receive before assembly of the envelope 3 to the part 6 a layer of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope 3 allowing the connection between these two elements.

Dans le cas où l'enveloppe interne est réalisée en polyamide et selon une variante d'exécution, cette liaison peut être obtenue au moyen d'un élément d'adhérence bicomposant constitué par un mélange d'époxy phénolique et de polyamide recouvrant toute la surface de contact 16. Il peut s'agir, par exemple, d'un mélange des produits connus et commercialisés sous les dénominations "RILPRIM 204" et "RILSAN NATUREL ES4".In the case where the internal envelope is made of polyamide and according to an alternative embodiment, this connection can be obtained by means of a two-component adhesion element constituted by a mixture of phenolic epoxy and polyamide covering the entire surface. contact 16 . It may, for example, be a mixture of the products known and marketed under the names "RILPRIM 204" and "RILSAN NATUREL ES4".

Selon cette forme d'exécution, le "RILPRIM 204" est, tout d'abord, appliqué sur la pièce métallique 6, après quoi l'ensemble est porté en température avant projection du "RILSAN NATUREL ES4" et solidarisation de l'enveloppe en matière synthétique, par exemple à l'intérieur d'un moule.According to this embodiment, the "RILPRIM 204" is, first of all, applied to the metal part 6 , after which the assembly is brought to temperature before projection of the "RILSAN NATURAL ES4" and securing of the envelope in synthetic material, for example inside a mold.

La liaison métal-matière synthétique ainsi réalisée pouvant résister à de fortes contraintes mécaniques, assure une excellente étanchéité.The metal-synthetic bond thus produced which can withstand high mechanical stresses, provides excellent sealing.

Il est évident que la coupelle de fond 5 peut être fixée de la même façon que la pièce 6 sur l'enveloppe interne 3 selon une liaison possèdant les caractéristiques décrites précédemment.It is obvious that the bottom cup 5 can be fixed in the same way as the part 6 on the internal envelope 3 according to a connection having the characteristics described above.

L'enveloppe externe 4 recouvre la surface extérieure inclinée 13 de la coupelle 10 ainsi qu'une partie de la surface extérieure du goulot 7. L'enroulement filamentaire constitutif de cette enveloppe externe 4 est, en fait, un bobinage croisé effectué selon les deux plans diagonaux du réservoir cylindrique 2 et selon sa circonférence de telle sorte que la densité des fibres au niveau des extrémités du réservoir cylindrique 2 soit supérieure à celle au niveau de sa paroi cylindrique.The external envelope 4 covers the inclined external surface 13 of the cup 10 as well as part of the external surface of the neck 7 . The filament winding constituting this external envelope 4 is, in fact, a crossed winding carried out along the two diagonal planes of the cylindrical tank 2 and along its circumference so that the density of the fibers at the ends of the cylindrical tank 2 is greater to that at its cylindrical wall.

Cette disposition permet d'améliorer la résistance mécanique du réservoir et, en cas d'éclatement dû à une surpression interne, évite sa désintégration en plusieurs pièces. En effet, dans ce cas de figure, il se produit seulement une rupture suivant une bande de surface limitée, et localisée dans la paroi cylindrique de moindre résistance.This arrangement improves the mechanical strength of the tank and, in the event of bursting due to an internal overpressure, avoids its disintegration into several pieces. Indeed, in this case, it produces only a rupture along a band of limited surface, and localized in the cylindrical wall of least resistance.

Afin d'assurer une parfaite liaison mécanique entre les coupelles 10 et 5, l'enveloppe externe 4 tout en laissant à cette dernière la possibilité de se déplacer radialement par rapport auxdites coupelles 10 et 5 dans le cas de surpressions et de dépressions internes lors du remplissage et du vidage du réservoir, une bande annulaire 22 réalisée en matériau élastomère est interposée entre l'enveloppe interne 4 et chaque coupelle 10,5 sur la surface inclinée 13 de cette dernière.In order to ensure perfect mechanical connection between the cups 10 and 5 , the outer casing 4 while leaving the latter the possibility of moving radially relative to said cups 10 and 5 in the case of internal overpressures and depressions during filling and emptying of the reservoir, an annular strip 22 made of elastomeric material is interposed between the internal envelope 4 and each cup 10 , 5 on the inclined surface 13 of the latter.

Cette disposition permet de diminuer considérablement les con­traintes au niveau des deux extrémités du réservoir 2.This arrangement makes it possible to considerably reduce the stresses at the two ends of the tank 2 .

Le réservoir 2 de fluide selon l'invention comporte également un revêtement 17 de protection anti-feu et thermique représenté partiellement sur le dessin, et comportant deux couches, à savoir une couche intérieure 18 et une couche extérieure 19. La couche intérieure 18 est une feuille de papier réalisée à partir de fibres céramiques. Cette feuille 18 présente une épaisseur choisie entre 0,5 et 5 millimètres et un très faible coefficient de conduc­tibilité thermique. Elle résiste à la chaleur jusqu'à des températures de l'ordre de 1 400°C. Cette couche intérieure 18 est collée par l'une de ses faces sur l'enveloppe externe 4 et son autre face est assemblée également par collage avec la couche extérieure 19 du revêtement 17. Cette dernière est constituée par un complexe anti-feu tissu de verre 20/mat de verre 21 assemblés mécaniquement par tout moyen connu en soi, notamment par des points de liage. Le mat de verre 21 du complexe 19 est collé à la fabrication sur la couche intérieure 18, tandis que la tissu de verre 20 forme la surface du revêtement 17 susceptible d'être exposée aux flammes.The fluid reservoir 2 according to the invention also comprises a coating 17 for fire and thermal protection shown partially in the drawing, and comprising two layers, namely an inner layer 18 and an outer layer 19 . The inner layer 18 is a sheet of paper made from ceramic fibers. This sheet 18 has a thickness chosen between 0.5 and 5 millimeters and a very low coefficient of thermal conductivity. It withstands heat up to temperatures of around 1,400 ° C. This inner layer 18 is bonded by one of its faces to the outer envelope 4 and its other face is also assembled by bonding with the outer layer 19 of the coating 17 . The latter is constituted by a fire-resistant complex glass fabric 20 / glass mat 21 assembled mechanically by any means known per se, in particular by tying points. The glass mat 21 of the complex 19 is bonded during manufacture to the inner layer 18 , while the glass fabric 20 forms the surface of the coating 17 liable to be exposed to flames.

Le complexe 19 possède une épaisseur comprise entre 0,9 et 2 millimètres. Il est également préalablement enduit d'une résine urée/formol étherifiée avec un système réactif du type acrylonitrile/acrylate butadiène en présence d'un catalyseur du type thiocyanate.The complex 19 has a thickness of between 0.9 and 2 millimeters. It is also previously coated with an urea / formaldehyde resin etherified with a reactive system of the acrylonitrile / acrylate butadiene type in the presence of a catalyst of the thiocyanate type.

Cette résine est un produit de renforcement de l'effet chimio­catalytique qui permet d'accroître la non-combustibilité du complexe 19.This resin is a product for reinforcing the chemocatalytic effect which makes it possible to increase the non-combustibility of the complex 19 .

La colle utilisée pour l'assemblage de la couche intérieure 18 à la couche extérieure 19 et pour la fixation du revêtement 17 sur l'enveloppe externe 4 est une colle synthétique ininflammable, par exemple une résine époxy monocomposante, sans solvant, thermodurcissable et résistant à des températures supérieures à 800°C.The adhesive used for assembling the inner layer 18 to the outer layer 19 and for fixing the covering 17 to the outer envelope 4 is a non-flammable synthetic adhesive, for example a one-component epoxy resin, solvent-free, thermosetting and resistant to temperatures above 800 ° C.

Le revêtement 17 a une épaisseur de 5 à 6 millimètres et peut épouser toutes les formes du fait de sa souplesse.The coating 17 has a thickness of 5 to 6 millimeters and can take any shape due to its flexibility.

Le procédé de fabrication du réservoir dans sa forme préférée d'exécution décrit ci-après, à titre exemplatif, consiste, tout d'abord, à nettoyer et à dégraisser la pièce métallique 6 à l'aide d'un solvant organique tel que l'acétone, puis à la dégazer dans un four chauffé à environ 300°C, afin d'éliminer totalement les graisses et le solvant.The method of manufacturing the reservoir in its preferred embodiment described below, by way of example, consists, first of all, of cleaning and degreasing the metal part 6 using an organic solvent such as acetone, then degas it in an oven heated to around 300 ° C, in order to completely remove the grease and the solvent.

On applique alors au moins sur la surface 16 de la pièce métallique 6 destinée à être en contact avec l'enveloppe interne 3 une couche du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de ladite enveloppe 3. Cette application peut s'effectuer par projection du matériau thermoplastique ou bien en immergeant la pièce 6 dans un bain chaud fluidisé dudit matériau.Is then applied at least on the surface 16 of the metallic part 6 intended to be in contact with the inner casing 3 a layer of the constituent thermoplastic material of said shell 3. This application can be carried out by spraying the thermoplastic material or by immersing the part 6 in a hot fluidized bath of said material.

La pièce métallique 6 et la coupelle 5 située du côté du fond du réservoir 2 sont ensuite disposées aux extrémités d'un moule de l'enveloppe interne 3 appartenant à un dispositif de roto-moulage connu en soi dans lequel le moule est entraîné en rotation, d'une part, autour de son axe et, d'autre part, autour d'un autre axe perpendiculaire audit axe du moule.The metal part 6 and the cup 5 located on the side of the bottom of the tank 2 are then placed at the ends of a mold of the internal envelope 3 belonging to a rotational molding device known per se in which the mold is driven in rotation , on the one hand, around its axis and, on the other hand, around another axis perpendicular to said axis of the mold.

Le moule est alors chauffé, tandis que la matière thermoplastique considérée, préalablement introduite dans ledit moule, est amenée en fusion dans celui-ci de manière à réaliser l'enveloppe interne 3 par moulage.The mold is then heated, while the thermoplastic material considered, previously introduced into said mold, is brought into fusion therein so as to produce the internal envelope 3 by molding.

Il est à noter que les moyens de chauffage du moule sont concentrés au niveau de chacune de ses extrémités de telle façon que la température de chauffe de celles-ci soit supérieure à celle de sa partie centrale reliant lesdites extrémités.It should be noted that the mold heating means are concentrated at each of its ends so that the heating temperature of the latter is higher than that of its central part connecting said ends.

Ceci permet de compenser l'inertie thermique élevée de la pièce métallique 6 et de la coupelle 5 et d'obtenir ainsi une température sensi­blement uniforme partout dans le moule.This makes it possible to compensate for the high thermal inertia of the metal part 6 and of the cup 5 and thus to obtain a substantially uniform temperature throughout the mold.

Après une certaine durée nécessaire à son refroidissement, l'enve­loppe interne 3 cylindrique est démoulée, et on effectue ensuite un enrou­lement filamentaire autour de celle-ci suivant ses deux plans diagonaux et suivant sa circonférence afin d'obtenir l'enveloppe extérieure 4 After a certain period of time necessary for its cooling, the cylindrical internal envelope 3 is demolded, and a filament winding is then carried out around it along its two diagonal planes and along its circumference in order to obtain the external envelope 4

Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas aux seules formes d'exécution du réservoir et au seul procédé de fabrication décrits ci-dessus à titre d'exemples ; elle en embrasse, au contraire, toutes les variantes d'exécution et de mise en oeuvre.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the sole embodiments of the reservoir and to the sole manufacturing method described above by way of examples; on the contrary, it embraces all variants of execution and implementation.

Claims (12)

1- Réservoir de fluide, de forme générale cylindrique, du type comprenant une enveloppe interne (3) en matière thermoplastique destinée à réaliser l'étanchéité et une enveloppe externe (4) réalisée par enroulement filamentaire et destinée à assurer la résistance mécanique, avec interposition entre les deux enveloppes d'une première coupelle (5) située du côté du fond et d'une seconde coupelle (10) située du côté de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir, réalisée en une seule pièce (6) métallique avec un goulot de raccordement (7), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la partie de l'enveloppe interne (3) située du côté de l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir (2) est fixée sur la pièce métallique (6) formant goulot (7) et coupelle (10) sur toute la surface de contact (16) entre les deux éléments (3,6), tandis que la surface extérieure (13) de la coupelle (10) et qu'une partie de la surface extérieure du goulot (7) sont recouvertes par l'enveloppe externe (4). 1 - Fluid reservoir, of generally cylindrical shape, of the type comprising an internal envelope (3) made of thermoplastic material intended for sealing and an external envelope (4) produced by filament winding and intended to ensure mechanical resistance, with interposition between the two envelopes a first cup (5) located on the bottom side and a second cup (10) located on the side of the open end of the tank, made in a single piece (6) of metal with a neck connection (7), characterized in that at least the part of the internal envelope (3) situated on the side of the open end of the tank (2) is fixed to the metal part (6) forming a neck (7) and cup (10) over the entire contact surface (16) between the two elements (3,6), while the outside surface (13) of the cup (10) and part of the outside surface of the neck (7 ) are covered by the outer casing (4). 2- Réservoir selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la face interne du goulot (7) présente, dans sa zone recouverte par l'enveloppe interne (3), un évidement (15) d'épaisseur correspondant sensiblement à l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe (3). 2 - Reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal face of the neck (7) has, in its zone covered by the internal envelope (3), a recess (15) of thickness corresponding substantially to the thickness of the envelope (3). 3- Réservoir selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que, préalablement à l'assemblage de la pièce métallique (6) à l'enveloppe interne (3), au moins la surface (16) de la pièce métallique (6) destinée à être en contact avec l'enveloppe interne (3) est recouverte d'une couche du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de l'enveloppe interne (3) permettant la liaison entre les deux éléments (3,6). 3 - Reservoir according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, prior to assembly of the metal part (6) to the internal envelope (3), at least the surface (16) of the metal part ( 6) intended to be in contact with the internal envelope (3) is covered with a layer of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope (3) allowing the connection between the two elements (3,6). 4- Réservoir selon la revendicaton 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, sur toute la surface (16) de contact entre la pièce métallique (6) et l'enveloppe interne (3), un élément d'adhérence bicomposant constitué par un mélange époxy phénolique et du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de l'enveloppe interne considérée. 4 - Reservoir according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it comprises, over the entire surface (16) of contact between the metal part (6) and the internal envelope (3), an adhesion element bicomponent consisting of a phenolic epoxy mixture and of the thermoplastic material constituting the internal envelope considered. 5- Réservoir selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe interne (3) est réalisée en matériau thermoplastique du type polyamide et en ce qu'il comprend, sur toute la surface (16) de contact entre la pièce métallique (6) et l'enveloppe interne (3), un élément d'adhérence bi-composant constitué par un mélange d'époxy phénolique et de polyamide. 5 - Tank according to claim 4, characterized in that the internal envelope (3) is made of thermoplastic material of the polyamide type and in that it comprises, over the entire surface (16) of contact between the metal part (6 ) and the internal envelope (3), a two-component adhesion element consisting of a mixture of phenolic epoxy and polyamide. 6- Réservoir selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'adhérence bi-composant est constitué par un mélange des produits connus sous les noms de "RILPRIM 204" et de "RILSAN NATUREL ES4". 6 - Tank according to claim 5, characterized in that the two-component adhesion element consists of a mixture of products known under the names of "RILPRIM 204" and "RILSAN NATURAL ES4". 7- Réservoir selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le "RILPRIM 204" est, tout d'abord, appliqué sur la pièce métallique (6), après quoi l'ensemble est porté en température avant projection du "RILSAN NATUREL ES4" et solidarisation de l'enveloppe en matière synthétique (3), par exemple à l'intérieur d'un moule. 7 - Tank according to claim 6, characterized in that the "RILPRIM 204" is, first of all, applied to the metal part (6), after which the assembly is brought to temperature before projection of the "RILSAN NATURAL ES4" and joining the plastic envelope (3), for example inside a mold. 8- Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'une bande annulaire réalisée en matériau élastomère est interposée entre l'enveloppe externe (4) et au moins une coupelle (10,5) sur la surface inclinée (13) de cette dernière de manière à renforcer la liaison mécanique entre ces deux éléments et à permettre une certaine possibilité de déplacement radial de l'enveloppe externe par rapport à la coupelle (10,5). 8 - Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that an annular strip made of elastomeric material is interposed between the outer casing (4) and at least one cup (10,5) on the inclined surface (13) of the latter so as to strengthen the mechanical connection between these two elements and to allow a certain possibility of radial displacement of the outer casing relative to the cup (10,5). 9- Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'enroulement filamentaire est un bobinage croisé comprenant des fibres embobinées suivant les deux plans diagonaux du réservoir cylindrique (2) et des fibres embobinées suivant sa circonférence. 9 - Reservoir according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the filament winding is a crossed winding comprising fibers wound along the two diagonal planes of the cylindrical reservoir (2) and fibers wound along its circumference. 10- Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il est recouvert par un revêtement (17) de protection anti-feu et thermique constitué par au moins deux couches respectivement intérieure (18) et extérieure (19), la couche intérieure (18) formée par une feuille de papier en fibres céramiques étant destinée à être fixée par l'une de ses faces sur l'enveloppe externe (4) du réservoir (2) et à formée une barrière thermique, la couche extérieure (19) étant constituée par un complexe tissu de verre (20)/mat de verre (21) formant une protection anti-feu susceptible d'être mise en contact avec des flammes, lequel tissu de verre (20) est lié mécaniquement au mat de verre (21), lui-même fixé sur la couche intérieure (18), ce complexe (19) étant enduit ou imprégné d'un produit de renforcement de l'effet chimiocatalytique. 10 - Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is covered by a coating (17) of fire and thermal protection consisting of at least two layers respectively inner (18) and outer (19 ), the inner layer (18) formed by a sheet of ceramic fiber paper being intended to be fixed by one of its faces to the outer casing (4) of the tank (2) and to formed a thermal barrier, the outer layer (19) consisting of a glass fabric (20) / glass mat complex (21) forming a fire protection capable of being brought into contact with flames, which glass fabric (20) is mechanically bonded glass mat (21), itself fixed on the inner layer (18), this complex (19) being coated or impregnated with a product for reinforcing the chemocatalytic effect. 11- Procédé de fabrication du réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, 9 et 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste :
- à nettoyer et dégraisser la pièce métallique (6),
- à appliquer au moins sur la surface (16) de la pièce métallique (6) destinée à être en contact avec l'enveloppe interne (3), une couche du matériau thermoplastique constitutif de ladite enveloppe (3) ;
- à disposer la pièce métallique (6) et la coupelle (5) située du côté du fond du réservoir (2) aux extrémités d'un moule de l'enveloppe interne (3) appartenant à un dispositif de roto-moulage
- à introduire la matière thermoplastique considérée dans le moule et à chauffer ledit moule pour amener la matière thermoplastique en fusion de manière à réaliser l'enveloppe interne (3) par moulage ;
- à refroidir et à démouler l'enveloppe cylindrique (3) ainsi obtenue pour ensuite effectuer un enroulement filamentaire autour de celle-ci suivant ses deux plans diagonaux et suivant sa circonférence afin d'obtenir l'enveloppe extérieure (4) du réservoir (2). 11 - Method for manufacturing the reservoir according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 9 and 10, characterized in that it consists:
- to clean and degrease the metal part (6),
- applying at least on the surface (16) of the metal part (6) intended to be in contact with the internal envelope (3), a layer of the thermoplastic material constituting said envelope (3);
- to have the metal part (6) and the cup (5) located on the side of the bottom of the tank (2) at the ends of a mold of the internal envelope (3) belonging to a rotational molding device
- to introduce the thermoplastic material considered in the mold and heating said mold to bring the molten thermoplastic material so as to produce the internal envelope (3) by molding;
- to cool and unmold the cylindrical casing (3) thus obtained and then carry out a filament winding around it along its two diagonal planes and along its circumference in order to obtain the outer casing (4) of the reservoir (2 ). 12- Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'agencement des moyens de chauffage du moule est tel que la température de chauffe de ses extrémités voisines des coupelles (5,10) soit supérieure à celle de sa partie centrale reliant lesdites extrémités. 12 - Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the arrangement of the heating means of the mold is such that the heating temperature of its ends adjacent to the cups (5,10) is higher than that of its central part connecting said ends .
EP88420254A 1987-07-21 1988-07-20 Fluid reservoir and its fabrication process Expired - Lifetime EP0300931B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88420254T ATE67834T1 (en) 1987-07-21 1988-07-20 LIQUID CONTAINER AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8710768A FR2618524B1 (en) 1987-07-21 1987-07-21 PRESSURE FLUID TANK
FR8710768 1987-07-21
FR8807256A FR2632051B1 (en) 1988-05-24 1988-05-24 FIRE AND THERMAL PROTECTION COATING
FR8807256 1988-05-24

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EP0300931A1 true EP0300931A1 (en) 1989-01-25
EP0300931B1 EP0300931B1 (en) 1991-09-25

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EP88420254A Expired - Lifetime EP0300931B1 (en) 1987-07-21 1988-07-20 Fluid reservoir and its fabrication process

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EP (1) EP0300931B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1023149C (en)
AR (1) AR248451A1 (en)
AU (1) AU618009B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8803635A (en)
CA (1) CA1326832C (en)
DE (1) DE3865135D1 (en)
DK (1) DK168023B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2026682T3 (en)
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GR (1) GR3003061T3 (en)
HU (1) HU201394B (en)
MX (1) MX170112B (en)
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NZ (1) NZ225472A (en)

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WO2021094686A1 (en) 2019-11-14 2021-05-20 Arkema France Method for preparing a hydrogen tank comprising a sealing layer and a base
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FR3109389B1 (en) * 2020-04-16 2024-09-20 Arkema France MULTILAYER STRUCTURE FOR TRANSPORT OR STORAGE OF HYDROGEN
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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0398827A1 (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-22 Claude Léon Hembert Apparatus for protecting the extremities of a fluid vessel made of composite material
FR2647183A1 (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-23 Hembert Claude DEVICE FOR PROTECTING THE END OF FLUID RESERVOIR IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS
WO1998034064A1 (en) * 1997-01-31 1998-08-06 Raufoss Composites As Pressure vessel and process for making the same
WO1998034063A1 (en) * 1997-01-31 1998-08-06 Raufoss Composites As Pressure container for fluids
EP0874187A1 (en) * 1997-04-24 1998-10-28 ESSEF Corporation Two piece composite inlet
WO2001031253A1 (en) * 1999-10-26 2001-05-03 Sergei Glebovich Koldybaev Device for sealing the tube of an inner sheath disposed in the neck of a high-pressure receptacle
WO2001031252A1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-03 Sergei Glebovich Koldybaev Pressure containers for a flowing medium and variants thereof
WO2002088593A1 (en) * 2001-04-25 2002-11-07 Eva Maria Moser Gastight container
US7718239B2 (en) 2005-10-12 2010-05-18 Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh Gas tight vessel with a diffusion barrier layer of metal hydrides
US9675917B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2017-06-13 General Ecology, Inc. Protective housings for a system
EP2510519A4 (en) * 2009-12-08 2013-05-01 Gen Ecology Inc Protective housings for a system
EP2510519A1 (en) * 2009-12-08 2012-10-17 General Ecology, Inc. Protective housings for a system
WO2012144929A1 (en) 2011-04-21 2012-10-26 Lukyanets Sergei Vladimirovich High-pressure vessel made of composite materials
FR3018895A1 (en) * 2014-03-20 2015-09-25 Cryolor CRYOGENIC FLUID STORAGE TANK AND SEMI-TRAILER HAVING SUCH A RESERVOIR.
FR3025584A1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-11 Air Liquide GAS PACKAGING COMPOSITE CONTAINER COMPRISING MULTIPLE ENCLOSED ENVELOPES
WO2016038257A1 (en) 2014-09-09 2016-03-17 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Composite gas conditioning vessel comprising a plurality of superimposed envelopes
EP3795340A1 (en) 2019-09-23 2021-03-24 Adam Saferna High pressure container and method of its manufacture
WO2021094686A1 (en) 2019-11-14 2021-05-20 Arkema France Method for preparing a hydrogen tank comprising a sealing layer and a base
FR3103250A1 (en) * 2019-11-14 2021-05-21 Arkema France Process for preparing a hydrogen tank comprising a sealing layer and a base
EP4023925A1 (en) * 2021-01-04 2022-07-06 Sungwoo Hitech Co., Ltd. Pressure vessel
US11480296B2 (en) 2021-01-04 2022-10-25 Sungwoo Hitech Co., Ltd. Pressure vessel with boss attached liner
GB2623549A (en) * 2022-10-19 2024-04-24 Univ Strathclyde Pressure vessel

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FI87269C (en) 1992-12-10
NO170552B (en) 1992-07-20
AR248451A1 (en) 1995-08-18
HU201394B (en) 1990-10-28
NZ225472A (en) 1991-03-26
NO883221D0 (en) 1988-07-20
AU1921688A (en) 1989-01-27
US4925044A (en) 1990-05-15
CA1326832C (en) 1994-02-08
GR3003061T3 (en) 1993-02-17
AU618009B2 (en) 1991-12-12
DE3865135D1 (en) 1991-10-31
ES2026682T3 (en) 1992-05-01
CN1031273A (en) 1989-02-22
MX170112B (en) 1993-08-09
FI883436A0 (en) 1988-07-20
NO170552C (en) 1992-10-28
FI87269B (en) 1992-08-31
DK168023B1 (en) 1994-01-17
NO883221L (en) 1989-01-23
CN1023149C (en) 1993-12-15
HUT50522A (en) 1990-02-28
DK392588A (en) 1989-01-22
DK392588D0 (en) 1988-07-14
BR8803635A (en) 1989-02-08
FI883436A (en) 1989-01-22
EP0300931B1 (en) 1991-09-25

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