EP0300866B1 - Hermetischer Motorverdichter - Google Patents

Hermetischer Motorverdichter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0300866B1
EP0300866B1 EP88401743A EP88401743A EP0300866B1 EP 0300866 B1 EP0300866 B1 EP 0300866B1 EP 88401743 A EP88401743 A EP 88401743A EP 88401743 A EP88401743 A EP 88401743A EP 0300866 B1 EP0300866 B1 EP 0300866B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
trough
hermetically sealed
space
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88401743A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0300866A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Gentil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lunite Hermetique SA
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Lunite Hermetique SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lunite Hermetique SA filed Critical Lunite Hermetique SA
Priority to AT88401743T priority Critical patent/ATE61658T1/de
Publication of EP0300866A1 publication Critical patent/EP0300866A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0300866B1 publication Critical patent/EP0300866B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an airtight motor compressor as used for example for refrigeration, air conditioning or in heat pumps.
  • the invention particularly relates to means making it possible to avoid deterioration of the device by lack of lubrication.
  • the sealed envelope contains a motor-compressor assembly such as comprising, for example, an electric motor driving, by means of a shaft or crankshaft, a compression device formed for example of a biaux, of a piston moving in a cylinder. , to form a compression chamber.
  • a motor-compressor assembly such as comprising, for example, an electric motor driving, by means of a shaft or crankshaft, a compression device formed for example of a biaux, of a piston moving in a cylinder. , to form a compression chamber.
  • the compression chamber communicates alternately, on the one hand with a suction circuit through which a refrigerant in the gas phase arrives; and it communicates on the other hand with a discharge circuit, by which the compressed gas leaves the sealed envelope to be circulated in elements associated with the hermetic compressor, and in which the refrigerant is in a gaseous or liquid phase ; the refrigerant returning to the hermetic compressor in the form of gas.
  • a suction circuit through which a refrigerant in the gas phase arrives
  • a discharge circuit by which the compressed gas leaves the sealed envelope to be circulated in elements associated with the hermetic compressor, and in which the refrigerant is in a gaseous or liquid phase ; the refrigerant returning to the hermetic compressor in the form of gas.
  • the lower part of the sealed envelope generally constitutes a sump containing the oil intended for lubrication.
  • the oil is removed by an oil pump, of the centrifugal type for example, which is generally fixed to one end of the shaft or crankshaft which, itself, is coupled in rotation to the rotor of the engine.
  • the rotor and the crankshaft are arranged along a vertical axis of rotation, and the crankshaft is adapted to receive the pump and conduct the oil to the elements to be lubricated.
  • the oil when the oil is saturated with refrigerant, the latter is deposited in liquid form in the bottom of the hermetic compressor casing or casing, due to its higher density than that of the oil / refrigerant mixture.
  • the level of the liquid refrigerant reaches the lower end of the oil pump, that is to say the level at which the latter performs its sampling, the probability of a “seizing” type incident immediately becomes very high restart, due to the low lubricating power of the liquid refrigerant.
  • auxiliary equipment such as, for example: accumulator bottles for suction liquid, which make it possible to trap the liquid refrigerant; or to use a functioning housing heating device before restarting the compressor: the rise in temperature evaporates the liquid refrigerant so that the oil level returns to normal.
  • the present invention relates to an airtight motor compressor comprising new means, the implementation of which is simple and which make it possible to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks by producing at least one signal.
  • an airtight motor-compressor comprising a sealed enclosure in which is contained a motor-compressor assembly, the motor-compressor assembly comprising an oil pump, a lower part of the enclosure forming a casing, the oil pump having at least one orifice of sampling situated above and at a given distance from a bottom of the casing, the enclosure further containing a lubricating oil and a cooling fluid, is characterized in that that it comprises means for detecting the presence of the coolant in the form of liquid coolant in the casing, said means comprising at least one pair of electrodes located in the casing, and connected to a detection and control device sensitive to the presence of the liquid refrigerant in a space formed between the two electrodes, said space being formed at a level between the sampling orifice and the bottom of the housing, the level where said space is located being closer to the bottom of the housing than to the sampling port.
  • FIG 1 shows schematically a hermetic compressor 1.
  • the hermetic compressor 1 comprises an enclosure or hermetic envelope 2 containing a compressor assembly 3, in itself conventional, symbolized in Figure 1 by a rectangle.
  • the motor-compressor unit 3 comprises elements (not shown) in themselves known, mounted in the traditional way, such as for example an electric motor serving to drive the movement of a piston in a cylinder, by means of a crankshaft for example; such a crankshaft 4 being partially shown in overtaking relative to a lower end 5 of the compressor unit 3.
  • a lower part 10 of the enclosure 2 constitutes a casing intended to contain a lubricating oil.
  • the oil pump 8 is of a conventional type, of the centrifugal pump type for example, and has sampling ports 9.
  • this lubricating oil is contained in the casing 10, in principle from the bottom 7 of the latter, over a height (not shown) greater than a distance D at which the sampling ports 9 of the oil pump 8 are located relative to the bottom 7; also supposing for example that the sampling orifices 9 are contained in a sampling plane 11 (represented by a line in dotted lines), this sampling plane 11 is at a level N1 lower than that which is reached by the oil of lubrication, which oil can thus be removed by the oil pump 8.
  • the environmental conditions of the hermetic compressor 1 may be such that the casing 10 contains both liquid refrigerant 12 and an oil-liquid refrigerant mixture 13.
  • the hermetic compressor 1 includes means 15 for detecting the presence of the liquid refrigerant 12 in the casing 10.
  • this detection is carried out at a level close to that corresponding to the appearance of a certain risk, that is to say at a third level N3 lower than the first level N1 and close to the latter.
  • the means 15 for detecting the presence of the liquid refrigerant comprise, on the one hand, a pair of electrodes 16, 17 situated inside the casing 10 and mounted on one side 44 of the latter, and on the other hand, a detection and control device 50 located outside the enclosure 2; the first and second electrodes 16, 17 being connected respectively, via each of an insulating and sealed passage 19, to a first and a second input 40, 41 of the detection and control device 50.
  • the detection of the presence of liquid refrigerant 12 is based on a difference in electrical resistivity between the liquid refrigerant 12 and the oil-liquid refrigerant mixture 13.
  • refrigerants or refrigerants are chlorofluorinated derivatives of hydrocarbons.
  • refrigerants are well known under the name R12, R22, R502, name under which they are marketed by the firm DUPONT DE NEMOURS for example.
  • the resistance electrical space E between these two ends of electrodes 20, 21 is of the order of 100 ⁇ , when this space E is filled with the liquid refrigerant 12; space E being centered on the third level N3.
  • the electrical resistance increases in a ratio much greater than 10,000 when the space E is filled with the oil-liquid refrigerant mixture 13.
  • the detection and control device 50 can be designed in a particularly simple manner, such as comprising by example a detector 18, a power source 28 and an alarm center 31.
  • the detector 18 includes an electromagnetic relay 23 having a coil 24, a first end 25 of which is connected to the second electrode 17 via the second input 41, and of which a second end 26 of which is connected to a terminal 27 of a power source 28; a second terminal 29 of the power source 28 being connected, via the first input 40, to the first electrode 16.
  • the electromagnetic relay 23 comprises a contact 30 which is open both that the coil 24 is not traversed by a sufficient current.
  • the electromagnetic relay 23 requires, to activate the contact 30, a current of 0.005 amperes for example under a voltage of 24 Volts, supplied by the power source 28, the current in the coil 24 is completely negligible and insufficient for this purpose when the oil-coolant mixture 13 is in place of the coolant 12, that is to say under conditions closer to normal.
  • the electrical resistance presented by space E decreases and then passes to approximately 100 ⁇ generating a voltage drop of approximately 0.5 volts, and the contact 30 is activated.
  • the contact 30 can be connected for example to an alarm center 31 to which, by its closure, it indicates the presence of the liquid refrigerant 12 at a level close to the sampling plan 11; the alarm center 31 can trigger in a manner known per se, for example, either an alarm or a prohibition to restart operation of the hermetic compressor 1, together with a control for reheating the casing 10.
  • the detector 18 can operate in a different way, and it can be used for example in a conventional manner, one or more current amplifiers in the case for example where the ends of 'electrodes 20, 21 opposite would have much smaller surfaces than those previously mentioned, or even in the case of a refrigerant having, in the liquid state, an electrical resistivity greater than that of the refrigerant R22.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the hermetic compressor 1 according to the invention, which differs from the version shown in FIG. 1 essentially in that the presence of liquid refrigerant 12 is detected near the bottom 7 of the casing 10.
  • the electrodes 16, 17 are mounted inside the casing 10 on the side 44 of the latter, and are connected to the detection and control device 50 in the same way as in the previous example. But in this second version, the electrodes 16, 17 are placed near the bottom 7 of the latter, so that the space E between the two ends of electrodes 20, 21 is located at a fourth level N4 close to the bottom 7 In fact, as shown in FIG. 2, the space E is closer to the bottom 7 than to the sampling orifices 9.
  • Such an arrangement of the electrodes 16, 17 makes it possible to detect the presence of liquid refrigerant 12 in the casing 10 when the quantity of this liquid refrigerant 12 is still low, that is to say shortly after the start of saturation of lubricating oil in refrigerant.
  • the liquid refrigerant rests on the bottom 7 of the casing 10, and carries the oil-refrigerant mixture 13 which then has a large reserve under the sampling plan 11; the orifices 9 of the oil pump 8 being immersed in the oil-coolant mixture 13.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows, in a partial manner, an airtight motor compressor 1, and particularly represents the casing 10 in order to illustrate an embodiment which makes it possible to save an electrode
  • the preferred electrode 16 is mounted in the casing 10 on the side 44 of the latter as in the previous examples, but in this new embodiment, the first electrode 16 is bent so that its electrode end 20 is oriented towards the side 44 of the casing 10; and an internal wall 45 of the casing 10 in this case constitutes the second electrode.
  • the space E is formed between the electrode end 20 and the internal wall 45 at one or the other of the third or fourth levels N3, N4 respectively close to the sampling plane 11 and the bottom 7 of the casing 10.
  • the operation can be the same as in the example described in FIG. 1, the first electrode 16 and the casing 10 being respectively connected to the first and to the second input 40, 41 of the detection and control device 50.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows the casing 10, in a view similar to that of FIG. 3, and illustrates an embodiment in which the first and the second electrodes 16 and 17, 45, in contact with the fluid to be distinguished in the casing 10, each constitute an armature of a capacitor.
  • the first and second electrodes 16, 17 are mounted on the side 44 of the casing 10, in the same manner as in the previous examples, and are also connected to the detection and control device 50
  • the first and second electrodes 16, 17 respectively comprise an insulated electrode body 52, 53 which are each extended by a metal plate 54, 55.
  • the metal plates 54, 55 are substantially parallel, and constitute the armatures of a capacitor C, the dielectric of which is formed by the space E contained between the two plates 54, 55; the dielectric being constituted either by the oil-coolant mixture 13 (not shown in the figure) or by the liquid coolant 12 (not shown) depending on the level reached by the latter, as has been previously explained.
  • the frames 54, 55 are oriented parallel to the bottom 7, and are arranged on either side of the third level N3 close to the sampling plane 11. But it should be understood that in the In the spirit of the invention, the electrodes 54, 55 can just as easily have a different orientation and be placed at a different level, at the fourth level N4, for example close to the bottom 7.
  • the capacitor C can also be formed by a single plate 54 for example constituting a armature disposed opposite the internal wall 45 or the bottom 7, so as to constitute the second armature by the housing 10 itself.
  • the relative permittivity ⁇ 1 or dielectric constant of the latter in the liquid state is approximately three (3) times higher than the relative permittivity ⁇ 2 of the oil. lubrication, so that the ratio ⁇ 1 / ⁇ 2 corresponds to the variation in total capacity of the capacitor C when the space E between the plates 54, 55 is successively filled with the oil-coolant mixture 13 containing little coolant and with the liquid coolant 12; such a variation in capacity being much greater than the variations in capacity which are easily detectable by conventional means.
  • the detection and control device 50 comprises an oscillator circuit 60 having an oscillating circuit (not shown) of a conventional type in itself in which the capacitor C is inserted.
  • the oscillator circuit 60 is connected to a pulse generator 61, and delivers to the latter a sinusoidal signal S1 for example and of frequency F linked to the value of the capacitance C, from which the pulse generator 61 delivers a second signal S2 constituted by pulses (not shown) of the same width which follow one another at the frequency F.
  • the signal S2 is applied to an integrator device 63 which itself delivers a third signal S3, corresponding to a voltage (not shown) whose amplitude varies with frequency F.
  • the third signal S3 is applied for example to a threshold comparator 64, also conventional and which delivers, for example, a fourth signal S4 or else a fifth signal l S5, depending on whether the dielectric of the capacitor C is constituted by the oil-coolant mixture 13 or by the liquid coolant 12; these fourth and fifth signals S4, S5 being applied to the alarm center 31 previously described.
  • a threshold comparator 64 also conventional and which delivers, for example, a fourth signal S4 or else a fifth signal l S5, depending on whether the dielectric of the capacitor C is constituted by the oil-coolant mixture 13 or by the liquid coolant 12; these fourth and fifth signals S4, S5 being applied to the alarm center 31 previously described.
  • This last embodiment of the detection and control device 50 is given by way of nonlimiting example, the detection of the variation in capacitance of the capacitor C being able to be carried out by a person skilled in the art, in different other ways in themselves known .
  • the invention resides mainly in the position of the detection space E which must be more close to the bottom 7 of the casing as sampling ports 9, as shown in Figure 2;
  • Figures 1, 3 and 4 are mainly used to illustrate different embodiments of the means 15 for detecting the presence of the liquid refrigerant.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Hermetisch gekapselter Motorkompressor (1) mit einer dichten Hülle (2), in der ein Motorkompressoraggregat (3) enthalten ist, wobei das Motorkompressoraggregat (3) eine Ölpumpe (8) aufweist und ein unterer Abschnitt als Wanne (10) ausgebildet ist, wobei die Ölpumpe (8) mindestens eine Ansaugöffnung (9) oberhalb und in einem vorgegebenen Abstand von einem Boden (7) der Wanne (10) besitzt und die Hülle (2) weiter ein Schmieröl und ein Kühlfluid enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Motorkompressor (1) weiter Mittel (15) zur Feststellung des Vorhandenseins des Kühlfluids in Form eines flüssigen Kühlmittels (12) in der Wanne (10) aufweist, wobei diese Mittel (15) mindestens ein Elektrodenpaar (16, 17) aufweisen, das in der Wanne (10) angeordnet und an eine Detektor- und Steuereinrichtung (50) angeschlossen ist, die auf das Vorhandensein des flüssigen Kühlmittels (12) in einem zwischen den beiden Elektroden (16, 17) liegenden Raum (E) anspricht, wobei dieser Raum in einer Höhe (N3, N4) zwischen der Ansaugöffnung (9) und dem Boden (7) der Wanne (10) gebildet ist und die Höhe (N3), in der der Raum (E) gelegen ist, dem Boden (7) der Wanne näher als der Ansaugöffnung ist.
2. Hermetisch gekapselter Motorkompressor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (N4), in der der Raum (E) gelegen ist, nahe dem Boden (7) der Wanne (10) ist.
3. Hermetisch gekapselter Motorkompressor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Detektor- und Steuereinrichtung (50) einen an das Elektrodenpaar (16, 17) angeschlossenen Detektor (18) aufweist, wobei der Detektor (18) auf den von dem Raum (E) dargebotenen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand anspricht.
4. Hermetisch gekapselter Motorkompressor nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Detektor (18) ein elektromagnetisches Relais (23) aufweist, das in Reihe mit dem Elektrodenpaar (16, 17) und einer Stromquelle (28) angeordnet ist.
5. Hermetisch gekapselter Motorkompressor nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Elektrodenpaar eine erste Elektrode (16) aufweist, die in der Wanne (10) befestigt ist, und daß die zweite Elektrode durch eine innere Wand (45) der Wanne (10) gebildet wird.
6. Hermetisch gekapselter Motorkompressor nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Elektrodenpaar zu beiden Seiten des Raums (E) zwei Platten (54, 55) eines Kondensators (C) bildet und daß die Detektor- und Steuereinrichtung (50) auf eine Änderung der Kapazität des Kondensators (C) anspricht.
7. Hermetisch gekapselter Motorkompressor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, die Detektor- und Steuereinrichtung (50) einen mit dem Kondensator (C) verbundenen Oszillator (59) aufweist, wobei der Oszillator (59) ein Signal (S1) liefert, dessen Frequenz sich mit der Kapazität des Kondensators (C) ändert.
8. Hermetisch gekapselter Motorkompressor nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die A¨nderung der Kapazität des Kondensators (C) durch eine Änderung der relativen Dielektrizitätskonstante (ε1, ε2) seines Dielektrikums (E) verursacht wird.
9. Hermetisch gekapselter Motorkompressor nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Detektor- und Steuereinrichtung (50) eine Alarmvorrichtung (31) aufweist.
EP88401743A 1987-07-24 1988-07-05 Hermetischer Motorverdichter Expired - Lifetime EP0300866B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88401743T ATE61658T1 (de) 1987-07-24 1988-07-05 Hermetischer motorverdichter.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8710574 1987-07-24
FR8710574A FR2618537B1 (fr) 1987-07-24 1987-07-24 Motocompresseur hermetique a securite amelioree

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0300866A1 EP0300866A1 (de) 1989-01-25
EP0300866B1 true EP0300866B1 (de) 1991-03-13

Family

ID=9353566

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401743A Expired - Lifetime EP0300866B1 (de) 1987-07-24 1988-07-05 Hermetischer Motorverdichter

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0300866B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01104983A (de)
AT (1) ATE61658T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3861994D1 (de)
DK (1) DK163894C (de)
ES (1) ES2021450B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2618537B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2732685B2 (ja) * 1989-10-31 1998-03-30 株式会社東芝 圧縮機における冷媒溶け込み量検出方法
DE4011930A1 (de) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-31 Aero Tech Klima Kaelte Kaltwasser- und soleaufbereitungsanlage
US6886354B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2005-05-03 Carrier Corporation Compressor protection from liquid hazards
ES2650443T3 (es) * 2007-12-26 2018-01-18 Lg Electronics Inc. Sistema de acondicionamiento de aire

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2067440A (en) * 1934-01-15 1937-01-12 Newell B Finney Safety device for refrigeration systems
FR1414316A (fr) * 1964-11-13 1965-10-15 Carrier Corp Réfrigérateur
US3411313A (en) * 1966-12-02 1968-11-19 Carrier Corp Compressor protective control
US3705499A (en) * 1971-09-23 1972-12-12 Carrier Corp Oil dilution control
US3744267A (en) * 1972-03-15 1973-07-10 Borg Warner Liquid level protection system for refrigeration compressor
US4090371A (en) * 1975-11-24 1978-05-23 Technological Enterprises Corp. Monitor and control for refrigeration system
DE2639019C3 (de) * 1976-08-30 1981-09-03 Danfoss A/S, 6430 Nordborg Kältemaschine
GB1587452A (en) * 1977-07-18 1981-04-01 Electricity Council Compressors for heat pumps
US4490988A (en) * 1983-05-31 1985-01-01 Emerson Electric Co. Degradation sensing and shut-down means for refrigeration motor-compressor units

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2618537B1 (fr) 1989-09-15
ATE61658T1 (de) 1991-03-15
FR2618537A1 (fr) 1989-01-27
DK407988A (da) 1989-01-25
JPH01104983A (ja) 1989-04-21
DK163894C (da) 1992-09-14
DK163894B (da) 1992-04-13
ES2021450B3 (es) 1991-11-01
DE3861994D1 (de) 1991-04-18
EP0300866A1 (de) 1989-01-25
DK407988D0 (da) 1988-07-21

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