EP0296382B1 - Self-erecting mine - Google Patents

Self-erecting mine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296382B1
EP0296382B1 EP88108606A EP88108606A EP0296382B1 EP 0296382 B1 EP0296382 B1 EP 0296382B1 EP 88108606 A EP88108606 A EP 88108606A EP 88108606 A EP88108606 A EP 88108606A EP 0296382 B1 EP0296382 B1 EP 0296382B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mine
erecting
extension
erecting element
mine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88108606A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0296382A2 (en
EP0296382A3 (en
Inventor
Christoph Dipl.-Ing. Mathey
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0296382A2 publication Critical patent/EP0296382A2/en
Publication of EP0296382A3 publication Critical patent/EP0296382A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0296382B1 publication Critical patent/EP0296382B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B23/00Land mines ; Land torpedoes
    • F42B23/005Selfpropelled land mines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B23/00Land mines ; Land torpedoes
    • F42B23/24Details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-righting mine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • DE-A-33 44 601 describes a device for positioning a mine which has a first device which, when the mine is in the position with its direction of action pointing downward, tilts the mine onto the peripheral surface, whereupon a second device actuates which tilts the mine lying with the peripheral surface into a position in which its direction of action points upwards.
  • the known self-erecting mines have the disadvantage that, after they have been erected, they can easily fall over or be overturned. Although the mines are erected, there is a risk that they will fall over or be tilted due to wind pressure or mechanical force.
  • the erecting elements which are opened by spring pressure, produce a high torque in the initial phase of the opening movement, but this torque increases with increasing opening, so that the erecting elements have practically no stabilizing effect on the upright mine.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a self-righting mine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, which is secured against falling over without significant additional effort.
  • the erecting elements that are used to erect the mine are also used as stabilizing elements that prevent the mine from falling over. This is done in that the erecting elements are locked in the unfolded state against re-folding. In this way, the erection elements form cantilevers that extend the mine floor and practically form a wide, standing surface of the mine. Due to this large footprint, the mine weight, the effect of which can be imagined in the center of gravity of the mine body, exerts a high counter-moment to the moments caused by lateral forces.
  • the locking device which locks the erecting elements in the unfolded state, can have different constructions, which in individual cases depend on the construction of the mine, the intended use and the like. depend. Special configurations of the locking device are specified in the subclaims.
  • the mine shown in FIG. 1 has a cylindrical or rectangular mine body 10, on the top of which a dome-like head 11 is arranged.
  • Four erection elements 12 arranged circumferentially distributed are provided on the side of the mine body 10.
  • Each erection element 12 consists of two parallel leg springs, one leg 13 of which is tensioned in the unfolding direction, while the other leg is fixed in the housing of the lead body 10.
  • the legs 13 can be pivoted about the geometric axes 14.
  • the axes 14 are arranged in the vicinity of the bottom of the mine body 10 and the erecting elements 12 are first axially folded onto the mine body 10, where they are held in place by locking devices (not shown).
  • the erecting elements 12 are locked in the unfolded state, that is to say when they run essentially parallel to the bottom surface of the mine body 10. This creates a counter moment of size (Gxb), where b is the horizontal distance of the outer end of the erecting element 12 from the center of gravity S of the erected mine body.
  • the locking device which holds the erecting element 12 in the unfolded state, consists of two leg springs 15, the central parts of which are helically wound and arranged along a common axis.
  • the mutually adjacent legs 16 of the leg springs 15 are fixed in the mine housing 10, while the legs 17 facing away from one another together form an erection element 12.
  • These legs 17 are recessed in an axial channel 18, which extends on the outside of the mine body 10, in the folded state.
  • the legs 17 are biased so that they swivel 90 ° after release, as indicated by the arrow 19 in Fig. 4, and adjust parallel to the mine floor 20.
  • the windings of the leg springs 15 are accommodated in a recess 21 at the lower end of the lead body 10, which forms the spring housing.
  • the windings of the leg springs 15 are biased not only in the direction of unwinding, but also in the axial direction.
  • the legs 17 are therefore pressed against the side walls of the channel 18.
  • This channel 18 has at its lower end two lateral extensions 22, the upper ends of which shoulders 23.
  • the erection element 12 formed by the legs 17 could only be folded back into the channel 18 if the legs 17 were previously pressed against each other in the direction.
  • the recesses 22 extend over the entire depth of the spring housing 21, so that the legs 17 are pressed laterally over part of their length into the recesses 22.
  • the legs 17 of the two springs 15 forming the erection element 12 are enclosed in a ring with a clamp 25, as a result of which the erection element 12 is given greater spring rigidity.
  • the clip 25 can extend over the entire length of the erecting element 12 or over only a part of this length.
  • the legs 17 have a rectangular cross section, which also increases the spring stiffness.
  • the legs 17 have a circular cross section.
  • the locking device for blocking the erecting element 12 in the unfolded state consists of an oblique strut 26 which is designed as a three-joint strut.
  • the oblique strut 26 is articulated with a first joint 27 in the upper region of the mine body 10 and with a second joint 28 in the vicinity of the outer end of the erecting element 12.
  • the two parts of the oblique strut 26 are folded parallel to one another and are sunk in the lead body 10.
  • each oblique strut 32 is connected to the erecting element 12 via a joint 31.
  • a tension spring 55 acts on the oblique strut 32 and presses the other end of the oblique strut facing away from the joint 31 against the lead body 10.
  • Latches 33 are provided on the lead body 10, over the inclined flank of which the lead-side end of the inclined strut 32 slides when the erecting element 12 is folded out. When the end of the oblique strut has swept over the latching lug 33, it engages below the latching lug 33 on the lead body 10, as a result of which the erecting element 12 is locked on the steep flank of the latching lug in the unfolded state.
  • the strut 32 can also be designed as a hinge spring (flat spring) or an additional leg spring can be provided, which acts in the hinge 31 and strives to rotate the oblique strut 32 in the direction of the mine-side end of the erecting element 12.
  • the strut 32 itself can also be designed as a leg spring, the spring windings forming the joint 31.
  • each oblique strut 34 is fastened to the upper region of the mine body 10 via a joint 35.
  • a compression spring 36 strives to pivot the oblique strut 34 away from the lead body 10.
  • the lower end of the oblique strut 34 lies against the top or inside of the erected erecting element 12.
  • the lower end of the oblique strut 34 slides when the erecting element 12 is opened along a guide piece 37 which is arranged on the top of the erecting element.
  • the Guide piece 37 has a blocking lug which prevents the inclined strut 34 from pivoting further out when the erecting element 12 is in the fully unfolded state.
  • the angle which the oblique strut 34 forms with the mine-side section of the erecting element 12 is less than 90 °, so that the blocking is self-locking.
  • the compression springs 36 joint springs, flat springs or leg springs can also be provided in the joint 35 or the strut itself is designed as a flat spring or leg spring.
  • the oblique struts 38 consist of telescopic rods which engage with one end via a joint 39 on the upper region of the mine body 10 and with the other end via a joint 40 in the central region of the erecting element 12.
  • the two parts of the telescopic rod 38 are locked by a spring-loaded locking member 41, so that the telescopic rod 38 can then no longer be shortened.
  • the telescopic rod 38 can also be designed as a piston-cylinder unit and cause the erecting element 12 to fold out with a pressure medium or a spring.
  • the erection element 12 can also be unfolded at the same time by the force of this spring.
  • Fig. 14 and 15 show another embodiment of the locking device.
  • upstanding catch hooks 46 are provided on the bottom 45 of the mine body 10, the lugs of which point outwards (away from each other).
  • the parallel legs 17 of the erecting element 12 are when folded out over the outer inclined surfaces of the Catch hook 46 pushed and engage under the lugs of the catch hook above the base plate 45 (Fig. 15). In this way, the erecting element 12 is locked by the catch hook 46 in the unfolded state.
  • Fig. 16 shows an embodiment which is the same as that of Figs. 14 and 15 is similar. 16, the lugs of the catch hooks 47 point towards one another. The legs 17 of the erecting element 12 slide over these lugs and are locked on the mutually facing inner sides of the catch hooks 47.
  • either the catch hooks 47 can be resilient, or the elastic properties of the legs 17 are exploited so that the legs 17 can snap over the rigid catch hooks 46 and 47, respectively.
  • an extension 51 provided at the outer end of the erecting element 12, which can be folded around a joint 50.
  • the extension 51 is attached to the under the action of a drive, for example a spring drive the side of the erecting element 12 facing the mine body.
  • a drive for example a spring drive the side of the erecting element 12 facing the mine body.
  • the extension 51 folds outward by 180 ° around the joint 50, so that it lies in a common plane with the erecting element 12 and extends it outward.
  • the extension 51 can also be locked in the end position by a locking mechanism in order to prevent it from flipping back.
  • the length of the erecting element 12 in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 13 can correspond to a maximum of the height of the lead body 10
  • the effective length of the erecting element 12 together with the extension 51 in the embodiment of FIG. 17 is greater than the height of the lead body.
  • the erecting element 12 consists of a telescopic tube, in which the extension 52 is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable.
  • the extension 52 is folded up, the extension 52 is in the fully inserted state, the rod-shaped extension 52 being e.g. mine-side lock is held.
  • this lock is released and the extension 52 is pushed out of the erecting element 12 in the longitudinal direction by springs 54, a pyrotechnic set, or an electrical or hydraulic drive element.
  • the extension 52 can then be locked by the lock 43 if necessary.
  • the erecting element 12 has a rigid rod 54 which is firmly connected to the legs 17 of the springs 15.
  • the rod 54 consists of a U-profile, on the inside of which the legs 17 engage and which lies on the ground with its outside.
  • each erection element 12 consists of a U-shaped curved spring wire, which forms two substantially parallel legs 17. At the ends of the legs 17, helical leg springs 15 are formed (FIG. 25), the mutually facing ends of which are designed as legs 16, which are fixed in the lead body 10. The erecting element 12 can be swung out about the common axis of the leg springs 15.
  • the erecting elements 12 are housed sunk in vertical channels 18 of the mine body 10, the leg springs 15 being located at the lower end of the mine body, likewise sunk.
  • the upper ends of the erecting elements 12 are held together by a sheath wire 60 spanning the lead body 10. If the sheath wire 60 is opened, then all of the erection elements 12 drive outwards (FIG. 23) in order to lie on the ground in accordance with FIG. 24 in alignment with the mine floor.
  • an oblique strut 61 is attached, which consists of spring wire and the legs act in the manner of a leaf spring.
  • the outer region 61a of the oblique strut 61 lies flat between the legs 17 of the erecting element 12, as a result of which the outer region of the erecting element is reinforced.
  • the legs 17 and the region 61a of the oblique strut 12 are surrounded by a common clamp 25a. Raising element and area 61a of the oblique strut can also be connected to one another by spot welding or in some other way.
  • the spring region 61b which adjoins the reinforcement region 61a, is bent obliquely upwards from the plane of the legs 17 of the erecting element 12, its outer end 61c (in the relaxed state) is directed obliquely from below against the mine body.
  • the bending region 61b is bent without kinks in the manner of a natural bending line, as a result of which local stress concentrations are avoided when the spring region 61b is tensioned.
  • the bending region 61b can additionally be bent outwards towards its end 61c in order to reach a higher point of attack of the end 61c on the mine body.
  • the region of the resilient oblique strut 61 located near the end 61c can penetrate into the space between the turns of the two leg springs 15. In this way, it is possible to make the erection element relatively long towards the mine body and to accommodate the end 61c in the tensioned state in the joint region of the erection element.
  • the resilient oblique strut 61 presses against the bottom of the channel 18 and thereby comes into firm contact with the mine body. If the erecting element according to FIG. 23 is pivoted out and thereby reaches the position according to FIG. 24, then the oblique strut 61 springs up, the end 61c being positioned obliquely against the mine body. The end 61c does not have to press directly against the mine body, but can also be at a certain distance from it. By friction on the mine body or by an additional stop, the oblique strut 61 prevents the erecting element 12 from being able to fold back.
  • the axis 64 extends at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the erecting element and at right angles to its pivot axis.
  • the extension 63 is pivoted laterally over the legs of the erecting element, so that the extension 63 requires almost no additional space.
  • the extension 63 contains a spiral spring 65 which tends to drive the extension from the pivoted-in state (FIG. 25) to the pivoted-out state (FIG. 26).
  • the extension 63 In the pivoted-in state, the extension 63 is aligned with the erecting element 12, but is directed inwards (from the axis 64); in the pivoted-out state, the extension 63 is also aligned in the longitudinal direction of the erecting element 12, but outwards, that is, in the extension of the erecting element.
  • the extension 63 has almost half the length of the erecting element. Because the inside of the back 63a of the extension 63 abuts one of the legs 17 of the erecting element in each end position, there are stops which limit the pivoting movement of the erecting element in any direction.
  • a spring housing for the spiral spring 65 is not provided.
  • the inner end 65a of the spiral spring 65 is fixed with tabs 66 which are punched out of the sheet metal of the parallel surfaces of the extension 63 to form the axis 64 and bent into the interior of the extension.
  • the coil spring is fixed inside the extension 63.
  • the outer end 65b of the spiral spring 65 is fastened, for example welded, to one leg 17 of the erecting element 12 according to FIG. 29. In this way, the extension 63, without projecting rivet heads or the like, is kept as narrow as possible in order to take up little space in the channel 18.
  • a tongue 67 protrudes from that end of the extension 25 which, when folded, points upward in the mine body, that is to say in the vicinity of the axis 64.
  • This tongue 67 has a shape 68 through which the tether wire 60 (FIG. 21) runs.
  • the tongue 67 is provided with a hook 69 which, in the pivoted-out state, engages under one leg 17 of the upright element and is locked there with a cam (not shown) in order to block the pivoted-out extension 63 from pivoting back in again.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine selbstaufrichtende Mine nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a self-righting mine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Aus der DE-B-18 00 121 sind Minen bekannt, die sich nach dem Abwerfen oder Absetzen selbst aufrichten. Diese Minen sind mit Aufrichtelementen versehen, welche gelenkig im unteren Bereich des Minenkörpers angebracht sind und auseinanderklappen, um anschließend radial von dem Minenboden abzustehen. Dadurch wird eine Mine, die liegend auf den Boden gefallen ist, in ihre senkrechte Wirkposition aufgerichtet.From DE-B-18 00 121 mines are known that erect themselves after dropping or settling. These mines are provided with erection elements which are articulated in the lower region of the mine body and fold apart in order to then protrude radially from the mine floor. As a result, a mine that has fallen to the floor is erected into its vertical operative position.

In der DE-A-33 44 601 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Positionierung einer Panzermine beschrieben, die eine erste Einrichtung aufweist, die bei Lage der Mine, bei der ihre Wirkrichtung nach unten weist, die Mine auf die Umfangsfläche kippt, worauf eine zweite Einrichtung betätigt wird, welche die mit der Umfangsfläche aufliegende Mine in eine Position kippt, in der ihre Wirkrichtung nach oben weist.DE-A-33 44 601 describes a device for positioning a mine which has a first device which, when the mine is in the position with its direction of action pointing downward, tilts the mine onto the peripheral surface, whereupon a second device actuates which tilts the mine lying with the peripheral surface into a position in which its direction of action points upwards.

Die bekannten selbstaufrichtenden Minen haben den Nachteil, daß sie, nachdem sie aufgerichtet worden sind, leicht umfallen oder umgestürzt werden können. Obwohl die Minen aufgerichtet werden, besteht die Gefahr, daß sie durch Winddruck oder mechanische Krafteinwirkung umfallen oder schräggestellt werden. Die Aufrichtelemente, die durch Federdruck aufgeklappt werden, bewirken zwar in der Anfangsphase der Aufklappbewegung ein hohes Drehmoment, jedoch nimmt dieses Drehmoment mit zunehmendem Aufklappweg ab, so daß die Aufrichtelemente auf die aufrecht stehende Mine praktisch keine Stabilisierungswirkung ausüben.The known self-erecting mines have the disadvantage that, after they have been erected, they can easily fall over or be overturned. Although the mines are erected, there is a risk that they will fall over or be tilted due to wind pressure or mechanical force. The erecting elements, which are opened by spring pressure, produce a high torque in the initial phase of the opening movement, but this torque increases with increasing opening, so that the erecting elements have practically no stabilizing effect on the upright mine.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine selbstaufrichtende Mine der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Art zu schaffen, die ohne wesentlichen zusätzlichen Aufwand gegen Umfallen gesichert ist.The invention has for its object to provide a self-righting mine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, which is secured against falling over without significant additional effort.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.This object is achieved according to the invention with the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Nach der Erfindung werden die Aufrichtelemente, die zum Aufrichten der Mine benutzt werden, zugleich als Stabilisierungselemente benutzt, die das Umfallen der Mine verhindern. Dies geschieht dadurch, daß die Aufrichtelemente im ausgeklappten Zustand gegen Wiedereinklappen verriegelt werden. Auf diese Weise bilden die Aufrichtelemente Ausleger, die den Minenboden verlängern und praktisch eine weit ausladende Standfläche der Mine bilden. Aufgrund dieser großen Standfläche übt das Minengewicht, dessen Wirkung man sich im Schwerpunkt des Minenkörpers konzentriert vorstellen kann, ein hohes Gegenmoment zu den durch Seitenkräfte hervorgerufenen Momenten aus.According to the invention, the erecting elements that are used to erect the mine are also used as stabilizing elements that prevent the mine from falling over. This is done in that the erecting elements are locked in the unfolded state against re-folding. In this way, the erection elements form cantilevers that extend the mine floor and practically form a wide, standing surface of the mine. Due to this large footprint, the mine weight, the effect of which can be imagined in the center of gravity of the mine body, exerts a high counter-moment to the moments caused by lateral forces.

Die Verriegelungsvorrichtung, die die Aufrichtelemente im ausgeklappten Zustand arretiert, kann unterschiedliche Konstruktionen aufweisen, die im Einzelfall von der Konstruktion der Mine, vom Einsatzzweck u.dgl. abhängen. Spezielle Ausgestaltungen der Verriegelungsvorrichtung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The locking device, which locks the erecting elements in the unfolded state, can have different constructions, which in individual cases depend on the construction of the mine, the intended use and the like. depend. Special configurations of the locking device are specified in the subclaims.

Im folgenden werden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen:

Fig.1
eine schematische Darstellung einer selbstaufrichtenden Mine,
Fig.2
die Darstellung der Kraftverhältnisse an der Mine nach Fig. 1,
Fig.3
eine Ansicht eines an der Mine vorgesehenen Aufrichtelements im eingeklappten Zustand,
Fig.4
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV von Fig. 3,
Fig.5
in gleicher Darstellung wie Fig. 3 einen Zustand, bei dem das Aufrichtelement ausgeklappt und gegen Zurückklappen verriegelt ist,
Fig.6
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VI-VI von Fig. 5,
Fig.7
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VII-VII von Fig. 5,
Fig.8
einen Querschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform des Aufrichtelements,
Fig.9
einen Querschnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform des Aufrichtelements,
Fig.10
eine schematische Darstellung einer Mine, bei der die Verriegelungsvorrichtung aus einem in der Streckstellung arretierbaren Dreigelenkstab besteht,
Fig.11
eine schematische Darstellung einer Mine, bei der die Verriegelungsvorrichtung aus einer entlang einer Rastnase des Minenkörpers gleitenden Schrägstrebe besteht,
Fig.12
eine Darstellung einer Mine, bei der die Verriegelungsvorrichtung eine am Minenkörper angelenkte Schrägstrebe aufweist, deren freies Ende das ausgeklappte Aufrichtelement abstützt.
Fig.13
eine Ausführungsform mit teleskopartigen Schrägstreben,
Fig.14
eine Ausführungsform, bei der die Verriegelungsvorrichtung aus am Minenboden vorgesehenen Fanghaken besteht,
Fig.15
den Verriegelungszustand der Ausführungsform von Fig. 14,
Fig.16
eine weitere Ausführungsform mit Fanghaken,
Fig.17
eine Ausführungsform, bei der das Aufrichtelement eine ausklappbare Verlängerung aufweist,
Fig.18
eine Ausführungsform, bei der das Aufrichtelement eine teleskopartig ausschiebbare Verlängerung aufweist,
Fig.19
eine Ausführungsform, bei der das Aufrichtelement mit einem starren Profil verlängert ist,
Fig.20
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie XX-XX von Fig. 19,
Fig.21
eine Mine mit einer anderen Form von Aufrichtelementen im eingeklappten Zustand in Seitenansicht,
Fig.22
eine Draufsicht der Mine von Fig. 21,
Fig.23
die Mine von Fign. 21 und 22 während des Ausklappens eines Aufrichtelementes,
Fig.24
die Mine der Fign. 21 - 23 mit ausgeklapptem Aufrichtelement,
Fig.25
eine perspektivische Ansicht des Aufrichtelements der Mine nach Fign. 21 - 23 in einem Zustand, in dem zwar das Aufrichtelement selbst ausgeklappt ist, die Verlängerung aber eingeklappt ist,
Fig.26
das Aufrichtelement von Fig. 25 mit ausgeklappter Verlängerung,
Fig.27
in vergrößertem Maßstab eine Detailansicht der Verlängerung,
Fig.28
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie XXVIII - XXVIII von Fig. 27, und
Fig.29
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie XIX - XIX von Fig. 28.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a self-erecting mine,
Fig. 2
the representation of the force relationships at the mine according to Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
2 shows a view of an erection element provided on the mine in the folded state,
Fig. 4
4 shows a section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3,
Fig. 5
3 shows a state in which the erecting element is unfolded and locked against folding back,
Fig. 6
4 shows a section along the line VI-VI from FIG. 5,
Fig. 7
4 shows a section along the line VII-VII from FIG. 5,
Fig. 8
3 shows a cross section through an embodiment of the erecting element,
Fig. 9
3 shows a cross section through another embodiment of the erecting element,
Fig. 10
1 shows a schematic representation of a lead in which the locking device consists of a three-bar rod that can be locked in the extended position,
Fig. 11
1 shows a schematic representation of a mine, in which the locking device consists of an oblique strut sliding along a latching lug of the mine body,
Fig. 12
a representation of a mine, in which the locking device has an inclined strut articulated on the mine body, the free end of which supports the unfolded erecting element.
Fig. 13
an embodiment with telescopic oblique struts,
Fig. 14
an embodiment in which the locking device consists of catch hooks provided on the mine bottom,
Fig. 15
14 shows the locked state of the embodiment of FIG. 14,
Fig. 16
another embodiment with catch hook,
Fig. 17
an embodiment in which the erecting element has a fold-out extension,
Fig. 18
an embodiment in which the erecting element has a telescopic extension,
Fig. 19
an embodiment in which the erecting element is extended with a rigid profile,
Fig. 20
a section along the line XX-XX of Fig. 19,
Fig. 21
a mine with a different form of erection elements in the folded state in side view,
Fig. 22
21 is a top view of the mine of FIG. 21,
Fig. 23
the mine of Fign. 21 and 22 during the unfolding of an erection element,
Fig. 24
the mine of fig. 21 - 23 with the erecting element unfolded,
Fig. 25
a perspective view of the erecting element of the mine according to FIGS. 21-23 in a state in which the erecting element itself is folded out, but the extension is folded in,
Fig. 26
25 with the extension extended,
Fig. 27
on a larger scale a detailed view of the extension,
Fig. 28
a section along the line XXVIII - XXVIII of Fig. 27, and
Fig. 29
a section along the line XIX - XIX of Fig. 28.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Mine weist einen zylindrischen oder rechteckigen Minenkörper 10 auf, an dessen Oberseite ein kuppelartiger Kopf 11 angeordnet ist. Seitlich am Minenkörper 10 sind vier umfangsmäßig verteilt angeordnete Aufrichtelemente 12 vorgesehen. Jedes Aufrichtelement 12 besteht aus zwei parallelen Schenkelfedern, deren einer Schenkel 13 in Ausklapprichtung gespannt ist, während der andere Schenkel im Gehäuse des Minenkörpers 10 fixiert ist. Die Schenkel 13 sind um die geometrischen Achsen 14 herum schwenkbar. Die Achsen 14 sind in der Nähe des Bodens des Minenkörpers 10 angeordnet und die Aufrichtelemente 12 sind zunächst axial an den Minenkörper 10 angeklappt, wo sie durch (nicht dargestellte) Verriegelungsvorrichtungen festgehalten werden. Wenn der Minenkörper 10 den Erdboden erreicht hat und zur Ruhe gekommen ist, werden die Verriegelungsmomente gelöst und die Aufrichtelemente 12 klappen unter Federspannung nach außen, um radial von dem Minenkörper 10 abzustehen. Bei dieser Aufklappbewegung wird der Minenkörper 10, gleichgültig in welcher Stellung er auf dem Boden gelegen hat, in die aufrechte Lage aufgerichtet. Der Schwerpunkt des Minenkörpers 10 ist mit S bezeichnet und der Radius der Bodenfläche mit D/2.The mine shown in FIG. 1 has a cylindrical or rectangular mine body 10, on the top of which a dome-like head 11 is arranged. Four erection elements 12 arranged circumferentially distributed are provided on the side of the mine body 10. Each erection element 12 consists of two parallel leg springs, one leg 13 of which is tensioned in the unfolding direction, while the other leg is fixed in the housing of the lead body 10. The legs 13 can be pivoted about the geometric axes 14. The axes 14 are arranged in the vicinity of the bottom of the mine body 10 and the erecting elements 12 are first axially folded onto the mine body 10, where they are held in place by locking devices (not shown). When the mine body 10 has reached the ground and has come to rest, the locking moments are released and the erecting elements 12 fold outward under spring tension in order to protrude radially from the mine body 10. During this opening movement, the mine body 10, no matter in which position it was on the floor, is erected into the upright position. The center of gravity of the mine body 10 is denoted by S and the radius of the bottom surface by D / 2.

Wirken auf den Minenkörper Kräfte parallel zur Standfläche bzw. Bodenfläche mit der Kraftkomponente F (Fig. 2) ein, so erzeugen diese Kräfte ein Moment (Fxa), dessen Größe von der Höhe a abhängt, in der die Kraft F über dem Boden angreift. Dieses Moment versucht den Minenkörper zu kippen. Dem Moment wirken das Gegenmoment aus dem Eigengewicht G der Mine und dem Hebelarm D/2 sowie das Moment aus Trägheitskraft und Schwerpunktshöhe entgegen.If forces act on the mine body parallel to the standing surface or floor surface with the force component F (FIG. 2), these forces generate a moment (Fxa), the magnitude of which depends on the height a at which the force F acts above the ground. This moment tries to tip the mine body. This is counteracted by the counter moment from the dead weight G of the mine and the lever arm D / 2 as well as the moment from inertia and the center of gravity.

Um das Gegenmoment, das den Minenkörper gegen Kippen sichert, zu vergrößern, werden die Aufrichtelemente 12 im ausgeklappten Zustand, also wenn sie im wesentlichen parallel zur Bodenfläche des Minenkörpers 10 verlaufen, arretiert. Dadurch entsteht ein Gegenmoment von der Größe (Gxb), wobei b der horizontale Abstand des äußeren Endes des Aufrichtelements 12 von dem Schwerpunkt S des aufgerichteten Minenkörpers ist.In order to increase the counter-moment that secures the mine body against tipping, the erecting elements 12 are locked in the unfolded state, that is to say when they run essentially parallel to the bottom surface of the mine body 10. This creates a counter moment of size (Gxb), where b is the horizontal distance of the outer end of the erecting element 12 from the center of gravity S of the erected mine body.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 bis 7 besteht die Verriegelungsvorrichtung, die das Aufrichtelement 12 im ausgeklappten Zustand hält, aus zwei Schenkelfedern 15, deren Mittelteile schraubenförmig gewickelt und entlang einer gemeinsamen Achse angeordnet sind. Die einander benachbarten Schenkel 16 der Schenkelfedern 15 sind in dem Minengehäuse 10 fixiert, während die einander abgewandten Schenkel 17 gemeinsam ein Aufrichtelement 12 bilden. Diese Schenkel 17 sind in einem axialen Kanal 18, der sich an der Außenseite des Minenkörpers 10 erstreckt, im eingeklappten Zustand versenkt untergebracht. Dabei sind die Schenkel 17 so vorgespannt, daß sie nach Freigabe um 90° ausschwenken, wie dies durch den Pfeil 19 in Fig. 4 angedeutet ist, und sich parallel zum Minenboden 20 einstellen. Die Windungen der Schenkelfedern 15 sind in einer Ausnehmung 21 am unteren Ende des Minenkörpers 10 untergebracht, die das Federgehäuse bildet.In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 to 7, the locking device, which holds the erecting element 12 in the unfolded state, consists of two leg springs 15, the central parts of which are helically wound and arranged along a common axis. The mutually adjacent legs 16 of the leg springs 15 are fixed in the mine housing 10, while the legs 17 facing away from one another together form an erection element 12. These legs 17 are recessed in an axial channel 18, which extends on the outside of the mine body 10, in the folded state. The legs 17 are biased so that they swivel 90 ° after release, as indicated by the arrow 19 in Fig. 4, and adjust parallel to the mine floor 20. The windings of the leg springs 15 are accommodated in a recess 21 at the lower end of the lead body 10, which forms the spring housing.

Die Wicklungen der Schenkelfedern 15 sind nicht nur in Richtung auf das Abwickeln vorgespannt, sondern auch in axialer Richtung. Die Schenkel 17 werden daher gegen die Seitenwände des Kanals 18 gedrückt. Dieser Kanal 18 weist an seinem unteren Ende zwei seitliche Erweiterungen 22 auf, deren obere Enden Schultern 23 bilden. Wenn die Schenkel 17 vollständig aufgeklappt sind, werden ihre minenseitigen Enden in die Erweiterungen 22 gedrückt, wo sie einrasten. Das von den Schenkeln 17 gebildete Aufrichtelement 12 könnte erst dann wieder in den Kanal 18 hineingeklappt werden, wenn die Schenkel 17 zuvor in Richtung gegeneinander gedrückt würden. Die Ausnehmungen 22 erstrecken sich über die gesamte Tiefe des Federgehäuses 21, so daß die Schenkel 17 jeweils auf einem Teil ihrer Länge seitlich in die Ausnehmungen 22 hineingedrückt werden.The windings of the leg springs 15 are biased not only in the direction of unwinding, but also in the axial direction. The legs 17 are therefore pressed against the side walls of the channel 18. This channel 18 has at its lower end two lateral extensions 22, the upper ends of which shoulders 23. When the legs 17 are fully opened, their mine-side ends are in the extensions 22nd where they click into place. The erection element 12 formed by the legs 17 could only be folded back into the channel 18 if the legs 17 were previously pressed against each other in the direction. The recesses 22 extend over the entire depth of the spring housing 21, so that the legs 17 are pressed laterally over part of their length into the recesses 22.

Gemäß Fig. 8 sind die das Aufrichtelement 12 bildenden Schenkel 17 der beiden Federn 15 mit einer Klammer 25 ringförmig umschlossen, wodurch das Aufrichtelement 12 eine größere Federsteifigkeit erhält. Die Klammer 25 kann sich über die gesamte Länge des Aufrichtelements 12 oder über nur einen Teil dieser Länge erstrecken. Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 8 haben die Schenkel 17 rechteckigen Querschnitt, wodurch die Federsteifigkeit ebenfalls noch erhöht wird. Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 9 haben die Schenkel 17 kreisförmigen Querschnitt.According to FIG. 8, the legs 17 of the two springs 15 forming the erection element 12 are enclosed in a ring with a clamp 25, as a result of which the erection element 12 is given greater spring rigidity. The clip 25 can extend over the entire length of the erecting element 12 or over only a part of this length. In the embodiment of Fig. 8, the legs 17 have a rectangular cross section, which also increases the spring stiffness. 9, the legs 17 have a circular cross section.

Gemäß Fig. 10 besteht die Verriegelungsvorrichtung zum Blockieren des Aufrichtelements 12 im ausgeklappten Zustand aus einer Schrägstrebe 26, die als Dreigelenkstrebe ausgebildet ist. Die Schrägstrebe 26 ist mit einem ersten Gelenk 27 im oberen Bereich des Minenkörpers 10 angelenkt und mit einem zweiten Gelenk 28 in der Nähe des äußeren Endes des Aufrichtelements 12. Im Mittelbereich der Schrägstrebe befindet sich ein weiteres Gelenk 29, das in gestrecktem Zustand der Schrägstrebe durch ein federbelastetes Sperrglied 30 arretiert werden kann. Im eingeklappten Zustand des Aufrichtelements 12 sind die beiden Teile der Schrägstrebe 26 parallel aneinander angeklappt und im Minenkörper 10 versenkt. Nachdem das Aufrichtelement 12 in die Wirkstellung ausgeklappt worden ist, befindet sich die Schrägstrebe 26 in gestrecktem Zustand und durch die selbsttätig erfolgende Blockierung des mittleren Gelenks 29 werden die Schrägstrebe 26 und das Aufrichtelement 12 in diesem Zustand verriegelt.10, the locking device for blocking the erecting element 12 in the unfolded state consists of an oblique strut 26 which is designed as a three-joint strut. The oblique strut 26 is articulated with a first joint 27 in the upper region of the mine body 10 and with a second joint 28 in the vicinity of the outer end of the erecting element 12. In the central region of the oblique strut there is another joint 29 which, when the oblique strut is in the extended state, passes through a spring-loaded locking member 30 can be locked. When the erecting element 12 is folded in, the two parts of the oblique strut 26 are folded parallel to one another and are sunk in the lead body 10. After the erecting element 12 has been folded out into the active position, there is the oblique strut 26 in the stretched state and due to the automatic blocking of the central joint 29, the oblique strut 26 and the erecting element 12 are locked in this state.

Gemäß Fig. 11 ist jede Schrägstrebe 32 über ein Gelenk 31 mit dem Aufrichtelement 12 verbunden. An der Schrägstrebe 32 greift eine Zugfeder 55 an, die das dem Gelenk 31 abgewandte andere Ende der Schrägstrebe gegen den Minenkörper 10 drückt. Am Minenkörper 10 sind Rastnasen 33 vorgesehen, über deren Schrägflanke das minenseitige Ende der Schrägstrebe 32 beim Ausklappen des Aufrichtelements 12 gleitet. Wenn das Ende der Schrägstrebe die Rastnase 33 überstrichen hat, rastet es unterhalb der Rastnase 33 am Minenkörper 10 ein, wodurch das Aufrichtelement 12 im ausgeklappten Zustand an der Steilflanke der Rastnase verriegelt wird. Anstelle der Zugfeder 55 kann auch die Strebe 32 als Gelenkfeder (Flachfeder) ausgebildet sein oder eine zusätzliche Schenkelfeder vorgesehen sein, die im Gelenk 31 wirkt und bestrebt ist, die Schrägstrebe 32 in Richtung auf das minenseitige Ende des Aufrichtelements 12 zu drehen. Die Strebe 32 kann selbst auch als Schenkelfeder ausgebildet sein, wobei die Federwindungen das Gelenk 31 bilden.11, each oblique strut 32 is connected to the erecting element 12 via a joint 31. A tension spring 55 acts on the oblique strut 32 and presses the other end of the oblique strut facing away from the joint 31 against the lead body 10. Latches 33 are provided on the lead body 10, over the inclined flank of which the lead-side end of the inclined strut 32 slides when the erecting element 12 is folded out. When the end of the oblique strut has swept over the latching lug 33, it engages below the latching lug 33 on the lead body 10, as a result of which the erecting element 12 is locked on the steep flank of the latching lug in the unfolded state. Instead of the tension spring 55, the strut 32 can also be designed as a hinge spring (flat spring) or an additional leg spring can be provided, which acts in the hinge 31 and strives to rotate the oblique strut 32 in the direction of the mine-side end of the erecting element 12. The strut 32 itself can also be designed as a leg spring, the spring windings forming the joint 31.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 12 ist jede Schrägstrebe 34 über ein Gelenk 35 am oberen Bereich des Minenkörpers 10 befestigt. Eine Druckfeder 36 ist bestrebt, die Schrägstrebe 34 vom Minenkörper 10 fort zu schwenken. Das untere Ende der Schrägstrebe 34 liegt an der Oberseite bzw. Innenseite des hochgeklappten Aufrichtelements 12 an. Das untere Ende der Schrägstrebe 34 gleitet beim Aufklappen des Aufrichtelements 12 entlang eines Führungsstücks 37, das auf der Oberseite des Aufrichtelements angeordnet ist. Das Führungsstück 37 weist eine Blockiernase auf, die das weitere Ausschwenken der Schrägstrebe 34 verhindert, wenn das Aufrichtelement 12 im vollständig ausgeklappten Zustand ist. In dieser Situation ist der Winkel, den die Schrägstrebe 34 mit dem minenseitigen Abschnitt des Aufrichtelements 12 bildet, kleiner als 90°, so daß die Blockierung selbsthemmend ist. Anstelle der Druckfedern 36 können auch Gelenkfedern, Flachfedern oder Schenkelfedern im Gelenk 35 vorgesehen sein oder die Strebe selbst ist als Flachfeder oder Schenkelfeder ausgebildet.In the embodiment of FIG. 12, each oblique strut 34 is fastened to the upper region of the mine body 10 via a joint 35. A compression spring 36 strives to pivot the oblique strut 34 away from the lead body 10. The lower end of the oblique strut 34 lies against the top or inside of the erected erecting element 12. The lower end of the oblique strut 34 slides when the erecting element 12 is opened along a guide piece 37 which is arranged on the top of the erecting element. The Guide piece 37 has a blocking lug which prevents the inclined strut 34 from pivoting further out when the erecting element 12 is in the fully unfolded state. In this situation, the angle which the oblique strut 34 forms with the mine-side section of the erecting element 12 is less than 90 °, so that the blocking is self-locking. Instead of the compression springs 36, joint springs, flat springs or leg springs can also be provided in the joint 35 or the strut itself is designed as a flat spring or leg spring.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 13 bestehen die Schrägstreben 38 aus Teleskopstäben, die mit einem Ende über ein Gelenk 39 am oberen Bereich des Minenkörpers 10 und mit dem anderen Ende über ein Gelenk 40 im Mittelbereich des Aufrichtelements 12 angreifen. Im vollständig ausgezogenen Zustand werden die beiden Teile der Teleskopstange 38 durch ein federbelastetes Sperrglied 41 verriegelt, so daß eine Verkürzung der Teleskopstange 38 dann nicht mehr erfolgen kann. Die Teleskopstange 38 kann auch als Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit ausgebildet sein und das Ausklappen des Aufrichtelements 12 mit einem Druckmedium oder einer Feder bewirken.In the embodiment of FIG. 13, the oblique struts 38 consist of telescopic rods which engage with one end via a joint 39 on the upper region of the mine body 10 and with the other end via a joint 40 in the central region of the erecting element 12. In the fully extended state, the two parts of the telescopic rod 38 are locked by a spring-loaded locking member 41, so that the telescopic rod 38 can then no longer be shortened. The telescopic rod 38 can also be designed as a piston-cylinder unit and cause the erecting element 12 to fold out with a pressure medium or a spring.

Bei den beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen, bei denen eine Feder 55 bzw. 36 vorhanden ist, kann durch die Kraft dieser Feder auch gleichzeitig das Ausklappen des Aufrichtelements 12 bewirkt werden.In the described exemplary embodiments, in which a spring 55 or 36 is present, the erection element 12 can also be unfolded at the same time by the force of this spring.

Fign. 14 und 15 zeigen eine andere Ausführungsform der Verriegelungsvorrichtung. Hierbei sind am Boden 45 des Minenkörpers 10 aufragende Fanghaken 46 vorgesehen, deren Nasen nach außen (voneinander fort) weisen. Die parallelen Schenkel 17 des Aufrichtelements 12 werden beim Ausklappen über die äußeren Schrägflächen der Fanghaken 46 geschoben und rasten unter den Nasen der Fanghaken über der Bodenplatte 45 ein (Fig. 15). Auf diese Weise wird das Aufrichtelement 12 durch die Fanghaken 46 im ausgeklappten Zustand verriegelt.Fig. 14 and 15 show another embodiment of the locking device. Here, upstanding catch hooks 46 are provided on the bottom 45 of the mine body 10, the lugs of which point outwards (away from each other). The parallel legs 17 of the erecting element 12 are when folded out over the outer inclined surfaces of the Catch hook 46 pushed and engage under the lugs of the catch hook above the base plate 45 (Fig. 15). In this way, the erecting element 12 is locked by the catch hook 46 in the unfolded state.

Fig. 16 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, das demjenigen der Fign. 14 und 15 ähnlich ist. Gemäß Fig. 16 weisen die Nasen der Fanghaken 47 aufeinander zu. Die Schenkel 17 des Aufrichtelementes 12 gleiten über diese Nasen und werden an den einander zugewandten Innenseiten der Fanghaken 47 verriegelt.Fig. 16 shows an embodiment which is the same as that of Figs. 14 and 15 is similar. 16, the lugs of the catch hooks 47 point towards one another. The legs 17 of the erecting element 12 slide over these lugs and are locked on the mutually facing inner sides of the catch hooks 47.

Bei den Ausführungsbeispielen der Fign. 14 bis 16 können entweder die Fanghaken 47 federnd ausgebildet sein, oder die elastischen Eigenschaften der Schenkel 17 werden ausgenutzt, damit die Schenkel 17 über die starren Fanghaken 46 bzw. 47 schnappen können.In the embodiments of FIGS. 14 to 16, either the catch hooks 47 can be resilient, or the elastic properties of the legs 17 are exploited so that the legs 17 can snap over the rigid catch hooks 46 and 47, respectively.

Die Wirksamkeit der gesperrten Aufrichtelemente gegen seitlich auf die Minen wirkende Kräfte, wird noch weiter verbessert, wenn das Aufrichtelement während oder nach dem Ausklappen verlängert wird. Eine solche Verlängerung erfolgt gemäß Fig. 17 durch eine am äußeren Ende des Aufrichtelements 12 vorgesehene, um ein Gelenk 50 herum klappbare Verlängerung 51. Bei an den Minenkörper 10 angeklapptem Aufrichtelement 12 ist die Verlängerung 51 unter der Wirkung eines Antriebs, z.B. Federantriebs, an die dem Minenkörper zugewandte Seite des Aufrichtelements 12 angeklappt. Nach dem Ausklappen des Aufrichtelements klappt die Verlängerung 51 um 180° um das Gelenk 50 herum nach außen, so daß sie mit dem Aufrichtelement 12 in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegt und dieses nach außen verlängert. Die Verlängerung 51 kann in der Endposition ebenfalls durch einen Verriegelungsmechanismus verriegelt werden, um ein Zurücklappen zu vermeiden.The effectiveness of the blocked erecting elements against forces acting laterally on the mines is further improved if the erecting element is extended during or after being unfolded. Such an extension is carried out according to FIG. 17 by means of an extension 51 provided at the outer end of the erecting element 12, which can be folded around a joint 50. When the erecting element 12 is folded onto the lead body 10, the extension 51 is attached to the under the action of a drive, for example a spring drive the side of the erecting element 12 facing the mine body. After the erecting element has been folded out, the extension 51 folds outward by 180 ° around the joint 50, so that it lies in a common plane with the erecting element 12 and extends it outward. The extension 51 can also be locked in the end position by a locking mechanism in order to prevent it from flipping back.

Während die Länge des Aufrichtelements 12 bei den Ausführungsbeispielen der Fign. 1 bis 13 maximal der Höhe des Minenkörpers 10 entsprechen kann, ist die wirksame Länge des Aufrichtelements 12 zusammen mit der Verlängerung 51 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 17 größer als die Höhe des Minenkörpers.While the length of the erecting element 12 in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 13 can correspond to a maximum of the height of the lead body 10, the effective length of the erecting element 12 together with the extension 51 in the embodiment of FIG. 17 is greater than the height of the lead body.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Fig. 18 besteht das Aufrichtelement 12 aus einem Teleskoprohr, in dem die Verlängerung 52 längsverschiebbar angeordnet ist. Bei hochgeklapptem Aufrichtelement 12 befindet sich die Verlängerung 52 im voll eingeschobenen Zustand, wobei die stabförmige Verlängerung 52 von einer z.B. minenseitigen Sperre festgehalten wird. Bei ausgeklapptem Aufrichtelement 12 wird diese Sperre gelöst und die Verlängerung 52 durch Federn 54, einen pyrotechnischen Satz, oder ein elektrisches oder hydraulisches Antriebsorgan in Längsrichtung aus dem Aufrichtelement 12 ausgeschoben. In Endposition kann dann die Verlängerung 52 im Bedarfsfalle durch die Sperre 43 verriegelt werden.In the embodiment of FIG. 18, the erecting element 12 consists of a telescopic tube, in which the extension 52 is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable. When the erecting element 12 is folded up, the extension 52 is in the fully inserted state, the rod-shaped extension 52 being e.g. mine-side lock is held. When the erecting element 12 is unfolded, this lock is released and the extension 52 is pushed out of the erecting element 12 in the longitudinal direction by springs 54, a pyrotechnic set, or an electrical or hydraulic drive element. In the end position, the extension 52 can then be locked by the lock 43 if necessary.

Gemäß Fign. 19 und 20 weist das Aufrichtelement 12 einen biegesteifen Stab 54 auf, der mit den Schenkeln 17 der Federn 15 fest verbunden ist. Bei dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel besteht der Stab 54 aus einem U-Profil, an dessen Innenseite die Schenkel 17 angreifen und das sich mit seiner Außenseite auf den Boden auflegt.According to FIGS. 19 and 20, the erecting element 12 has a rigid rod 54 which is firmly connected to the legs 17 of the springs 15. In the present embodiment, the rod 54 consists of a U-profile, on the inside of which the legs 17 engage and which lies on the ground with its outside.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fign. 21 - 29 sind die Aufrichtelemente 12 prinzipiell in ähnlicher Weise ausgebildet wie bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fign. 1 - 7. Jedes Aufrichtelement 12 besteht aus einem U-förmig gebogenen Federdraht, der zwei im wesentlichen parallele Schenkel 17 bildet. An den Enden der Schenkel 17 sind schraubenförmige Schenkelfedern 15 gebildet (Fig. 25), deren einander zugewandte Enden als Schenkel 16 ausgebildet sind, die im Minenkörper 10 festgelegt sind. Das Aufrichtelement 12 ist um die gemeinsame Achse der Schenkelfedern 15 herum ausschwenkbar.In the embodiment of FIGS. 21-29, the erecting elements 12 are in principle designed in a similar manner as in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 - 7. Each erection element 12 consists of a U-shaped curved spring wire, which forms two substantially parallel legs 17. At the ends of the legs 17, helical leg springs 15 are formed (FIG. 25), the mutually facing ends of which are designed as legs 16, which are fixed in the lead body 10. The erecting element 12 can be swung out about the common axis of the leg springs 15.

In Fign. 21 und 22 sind die Aufrichtelemente 12 in vertikalen Kanälen 18 des Minenkörpers 10 versenkt untergebracht, wobei sich die Schenkelfedern 15 am unteren Ende des Minenkörpers, ebenfalls versenkt, befinden. Die oberen Enden der Aufrichtelemente 12 werden von einem den Minenkörper 10 umspannenden Fesseldraht 60 zusammengehalten. Wird der Fesseldraht 60 geöffnet, dann treiben alle Aufrichtelemente 12 nach außen (Fig. 23), um sich gemäß Fig. 24 in Ausrichtung mit dem Minenboden auf den Erdboden zu legen.In Figs. 21 and 22, the erecting elements 12 are housed sunk in vertical channels 18 of the mine body 10, the leg springs 15 being located at the lower end of the mine body, likewise sunk. The upper ends of the erecting elements 12 are held together by a sheath wire 60 spanning the lead body 10. If the sheath wire 60 is opened, then all of the erection elements 12 drive outwards (FIG. 23) in order to lie on the ground in accordance with FIG. 24 in alignment with the mine floor.

Zwischen den beiden Schenkeln 17 des Aufrichtelements 12 ist eine Schrägstrebe 61 befestigt, die aus Federdraht besteht und deren Schenkel nach Art einer Blattfeder wirken. Der äußere Bereich 61a der Schrägstrebe 61 liegt flach zwischen den Schenkeln 17 des Aufrichtelements 12, wodurch der äußere Bereich des Aufrichtelements verstärkt wird. Etwa in der Mitte des Aufrichtelements sind die Schenkel 17 und der Bereich 61a der Schrägstrebe 12 von einer gemeinsamen Klammer 25a umfaßt. Aufrichtelement und Bereich 61a der Schrägstrebe können auch durch Punktschweißung oder auf andere Weise miteinander verbunden sein. Der Federbereich 61b, der sich an den Verstärkungsbereich 61a anschließt, ist aus der Ebene der Schenkel 17 des Aufrichtelementes 12 schräg nach oben abgebogen, wobei sein äußeres Ende 61c (im entspannten Zustand) schräg von unten gegen den Minenkörper gerichtet ist. Der Biegebereich 61b ist bei dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel nach Art einer natürlichen Biegelinie knickfrei gebogen, wodurch bei gespanntem Federbereich 61b örtliche Spannungskonzentrationen vermieden werden. Der Biegebereich 61b kann zu seinem Ende 61c hin noch zusätzlich nach außen abgebogen sein, um einen höheren Angriffspunkt des Endes 61c am Minenkörper zu erreichen. Der in der Nähe des Endes 61c liegende Bereich der federnden Schrägstrebe 61 kann in den Raum zwischen den Windungen der beiden Schenkelfedern 15 eindringen. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, das Aufrichtelement zum Minenkörper hin relativ lang zu machen und das Ende 61c im gespannten Zustand im Gelenkbereich des Aufrichtelements unterzubringen.Between the two legs 17 of the erecting element 12, an oblique strut 61 is attached, which consists of spring wire and the legs act in the manner of a leaf spring. The outer region 61a of the oblique strut 61 lies flat between the legs 17 of the erecting element 12, as a result of which the outer region of the erecting element is reinforced. Approximately in the middle of the erecting element, the legs 17 and the region 61a of the oblique strut 12 are surrounded by a common clamp 25a. Raising element and area 61a of the oblique strut can also be connected to one another by spot welding or in some other way. The spring region 61b, which adjoins the reinforcement region 61a, is bent obliquely upwards from the plane of the legs 17 of the erecting element 12, its outer end 61c (in the relaxed state) is directed obliquely from below against the mine body. In the present exemplary embodiment, the bending region 61b is bent without kinks in the manner of a natural bending line, as a result of which local stress concentrations are avoided when the spring region 61b is tensioned. The bending region 61b can additionally be bent outwards towards its end 61c in order to reach a higher point of attack of the end 61c on the mine body. The region of the resilient oblique strut 61 located near the end 61c can penetrate into the space between the turns of the two leg springs 15. In this way, it is possible to make the erection element relatively long towards the mine body and to accommodate the end 61c in the tensioned state in the joint region of the erection element.

Während das Aufrichtelement 12 in dem Kanal 18 an den Minenkörper angeklappt ist (Fign. 21 und 22), drückt die federnde Schrägstrebe 61 gegen den Boden des Kanals 18 und kommt dadurch in feste Anlage am Minenkörper. Wird das Aufrichtelement gemäß Fig. 23 ausgeschwenkt und gelangt es dabei in die Stellung gemäß Fig. 24, dann federt die Schrägstrebe 61 hoch, wobei das Ende 61c sich schräg gegen den Minenkörper aufstellt. Das Ende 61c muß nicht unmittelbar gegen den Minenkörper drücken, sondern kann auch einen gewissen Abstand davon haben. Durch Reibung am Minenkörper oder durch einen zusätzlichen Anschlag verhindert die Schrägstrebe 61, daß das Aufrichtelement 12 zurückklappen kann.While the erecting element 12 in the channel 18 is folded against the mine body (FIGS. 21 and 22), the resilient oblique strut 61 presses against the bottom of the channel 18 and thereby comes into firm contact with the mine body. If the erecting element according to FIG. 23 is pivoted out and thereby reaches the position according to FIG. 24, then the oblique strut 61 springs up, the end 61c being positioned obliquely against the mine body. The end 61c does not have to press directly against the mine body, but can also be at a certain distance from it. By friction on the mine body or by an additional stop, the oblique strut 61 prevents the erecting element 12 from being able to fold back.

Das Aufrichtelement 12 hat gemäß Fign. 25 und 26 eine Verlängerung 63 in Form eines aus Blech bestehenden U-förmigen oder L-förmigen Körpers, der um eine Achse 64 relativ zu dem äußeren Ende des Aufrichtelements 12 schwenkbar ist. Die Achse 64 verläuft rechtwinklig zur Längsrichtung des Aufrichtelements und rechtwinklig zu dessen Schwenkachse. Im eingeklappten Zustand des Aufrechtelements 12 ist die Verlängerung 63 gemäß Fig. 25 seitlich über die Schenkel des Aufrichtelements geschwenkt, so daß die Verlängerung 63 nahezu keinen zusätzlichen Platz erfordert. Die Verlängerung 63 enthält eine Spiralfeder 65, die bestrebt ist, die Verlängerung vom eingeschwenkten Zustand (Fig. 25) in den ausgeschwenkten Zustand (Fig. 26) zu treiben. Im eingeschwenkten Zustand ist die Verlängerung 63 mit dem Aufrichtelement 12 ausgerichtet, jedoch (von der Achse 64 aus) nach innen gerichtet; im ausgeschwenkten Zustand ist die Verlängerung 63 ebenfalls in Längsrichtung des Aufrichtelements 12 ausgerichtet, jedoch nach außen, d.h., in Verlängerung des Aufrichtelementes. Die Verlängerung 63 hat nahezu die Hälfte der Länge des Aufrichtelementes. Dadurch, daß die Innenseite des Rückens 63a der Verlängerung 63 in jeder Endlage gegen einen der Schenkel 17 des Aufrichtelements stößt, bestehen Anschläge, die die Schwenkbewegung des Aufrichtelements in jeder Richtung begrenzen.According to FIGS. 25 and 26 an extension 63 in the form of a sheet metal U-shaped or L-shaped body, which is about an axis 64 is pivotable relative to the outer end of the erecting element 12. The axis 64 extends at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the erecting element and at right angles to its pivot axis. 25, the extension 63 is pivoted laterally over the legs of the erecting element, so that the extension 63 requires almost no additional space. The extension 63 contains a spiral spring 65 which tends to drive the extension from the pivoted-in state (FIG. 25) to the pivoted-out state (FIG. 26). In the pivoted-in state, the extension 63 is aligned with the erecting element 12, but is directed inwards (from the axis 64); in the pivoted-out state, the extension 63 is also aligned in the longitudinal direction of the erecting element 12, but outwards, that is, in the extension of the erecting element. The extension 63 has almost half the length of the erecting element. Because the inside of the back 63a of the extension 63 abuts one of the legs 17 of the erecting element in each end position, there are stops which limit the pivoting movement of the erecting element in any direction.

Im eingeschwenkten Zustand (Fign. 21 und 22) wird das Ausschwenken der Verlängerung 63 durch die Seitenwände des Kanals 18 verhindert. Wenn der Fesseldraht 60 gelöst ist und das Aufrichtelement 12 ausschwenkt, wird gleichzeitig die Verlängerung 63 freigesetzt, die dann ebenfalls um die Achse 64 herum ausschwenken kann. Wenn das Aufrichtelement 12 auf dem Boden aufsetzt, ist die Verlängerung 63 bereits ausgeschwenkt.In the pivoted-in state (FIGS. 21 and 22), pivoting out of the extension 63 through the side walls of the channel 18 is prevented. When the tether wire 60 is loosened and the erecting element 12 swings out, the extension 63 is released at the same time, which can then also swivel around the axis 64. When the erecting element 12 touches the ground, the extension 63 has already been swung out.

In dem Kanal 18 des Minenkörpers steht nur sehr wenig Platz für die Aufrichtelemente zur Verfügung. Aus Gründen der Platzersparnis ist ein Federgehäuse für die Spiralfeder 65 nicht vorgesehen. Das innere Ende 65a der Spiralfeder 65 ist mit Laschen 66 fixiert, die zur Bildung der Achse 64 aus dem Blech der parallelen Flächen der Verlängerung 63 ausgestanzt und in das Innere der Verlängerung hinein umgebogen sind. Auf diese Weise wird die Spiralfeder im Innern der Verlängerung 63 fixiert. Das äußere Ende 65b der Spiralfeder 65 ist an dem einen Schenkel 17 des Aufrichtelements 12 gemäß Fig. 29 befestigt, z.B. angeschweißt. Auf diese Weise ist die Verlängerung 63, ohne abstehende Nietköpfe o.dgl., so schmal wie möglich gehalten, um wenig Platz im Kanal 18 zu benötigen.There is very little in channel 18 of the mine body Space for the erection elements is available. To save space, a spring housing for the spiral spring 65 is not provided. The inner end 65a of the spiral spring 65 is fixed with tabs 66 which are punched out of the sheet metal of the parallel surfaces of the extension 63 to form the axis 64 and bent into the interior of the extension. In this way, the coil spring is fixed inside the extension 63. The outer end 65b of the spiral spring 65 is fastened, for example welded, to one leg 17 of the erecting element 12 according to FIG. 29. In this way, the extension 63, without projecting rivet heads or the like, is kept as narrow as possible in order to take up little space in the channel 18.

Von demjenigen Ende der Verlängerung 25, die im eingeklappten Zustand im Minenkörper nach oben weist, also in der Nähe der Achse 64, steht eine Zunge 67 ab. Diese Zunge 67 hat eine Ausformung 68, durch die der Fesseldraht 60 (Fig. 21) läuft. Die Zunge 67 ist mit einem Haken 69 versehen, der im ausgeschwenkten Zustand unter den einen Schenkel 17 des Aufrechtelements greift und dort mit einem (nicht dargestellten) Nocken verriegelt wird, um ein Wiedereinschwenken der ausgeschwenkten Verlängerung 63 zu blockieren.A tongue 67 protrudes from that end of the extension 25 which, when folded, points upward in the mine body, that is to say in the vicinity of the axis 64. This tongue 67 has a shape 68 through which the tether wire 60 (FIG. 21) runs. The tongue 67 is provided with a hook 69 which, in the pivoted-out state, engages under one leg 17 of the upright element and is locked there with a cam (not shown) in order to block the pivoted-out extension 63 from pivoting back in again.

Claims (19)

  1. Self-righting mine with erecting elements (12) fitted to the lower end of the mine body (10) and rotatable forceable outwardly, characterized in that a locking device is provided, which locks the erecting elements (12) in the swung-out state against swinging back.
  2. Mine according to claim 1, characterized in that the erecting elements (12) are prestressed in the direction of the pivot axis and in the swung-out state engage a shoulder (23) preventing the retraction.
  3. Mine according to claim 1, characterized in that the erecting elements (12) are coupled to a hinged diagonal strut (26;32;34) which with the erecting element (12) swung out is supported on the erecting element and on the mine body (10) and at the same time is blocked against swinging back.
  4. Mine according to claim 3, characterized in that the diagonal strut (26) is constructed as a triple link strut, the centre link (29) of which automatically does the blocking in the extended state.
  5. Mine according to claim 3, characterized in that the diagonal strut (32) is connected at one end in an articulated manner to the erecting element (12) and with its other end slides over a detent (33) provided on the mine body (10), which prevents a return movement of the diagonal strut (32).
  6. Mine according to claim 3, characterized in that the diagonal strut (34) is connected at one end in an articulated manner to the mine body (10) and is outwardly prestressed and in that the diagonal strut (34) presses with its other end against the swung-out erecting element (12).
  7. Mine according to claim 1, characterized in that the erecting elements (12) are connected to the mine body (10) by way of a telescopic device (38), which is extended when the erecting element (12) is swung out and is secured against being retracted.
  8. Mine according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking device consists of catch hooks (46;47) provided at the base of the mine body (10).
  9. Mine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the erecting elements (12) have an extension (51;52) which can be automatically pivoted out or pushed out, upon the swinging-out, which is secured against bending with respect to the erecting element (12).
  10. Mine according to claim 9, characterized in that the extension (51) consists of an arm fastened in an articulated manner to the free end of the erecting element (12).
  11. Mine according to claim 9, characterized in that the extension (52) consists of a telescoping arm of the erecting element (12).
  12. Mine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the erecting element (12) carries a rigid arm (54).
  13. Mine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the erecting elements (12) have an extension (63) which can be pivoted by about 180° about an axis (64) extending transversely to the longitudinal axis and transversely to the pivot axis of the erecting element (12).
  14. Mine according to claim 13, characterized in that the extension (63) has a body which is U-shaped or L-shaped in cross section, which receives in the swung-in state the outer end region of the erecting element (12).
  15. Mine according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the erecting elements (12) consist of an arm, from the plane of which a diagonal strut (61) acting like a leaf spring projects diagonally and in that the free end (61c) of the diagonal strut (61) is braced against the mine body (10) when the erecting element is swung in and is directed diagonally to the mine body and blocks the erecting element against swinging in again when the erecting element is swung out.
  16. Mine according to claim 15, characterized in that the diagonal strut (61) is preshaped without a sharp crease into conformity with a bending line.
  17. Mine according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the erecting elements (12) have at the mine body (10) two helical springs (15) which prestress the limbs (17) of the erecting element (12) in the outward direction and in that the end (61c) of the diagonal strut dips in the swung-in state between the helical springs (15).
  18. Mine according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the extension (63) for the outward pivoting contains a spiral spring (65), the inner end (65a) of which is fixed to at least one tongue (66) of the extension (63) which is punched out and inwardly bent over.
  19. Mine according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the extension (63) has a tongue (67) which projects in the swung-in state of the extension in the longitudinal direction of the erecting element (12) and forms a notch for a restraining wire (60) encircling the mine body (10).
EP88108606A 1987-06-04 1988-05-30 Self-erecting mine Expired - Lifetime EP0296382B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3718707 1987-06-04
DE3718707 1987-06-04
DE3733150 1987-10-01
DE19873733150 DE3733150A1 (en) 1987-06-04 1987-10-01 SELF-RE-ESTABLISHING MINE

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0296382A2 EP0296382A2 (en) 1988-12-28
EP0296382A3 EP0296382A3 (en) 1991-10-30
EP0296382B1 true EP0296382B1 (en) 1993-12-08

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88108606A Expired - Lifetime EP0296382B1 (en) 1987-06-04 1988-05-30 Self-erecting mine

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US (1) US4934274A (en)
EP (1) EP0296382B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2825493B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3733150A1 (en)

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DE3917662C2 (en) * 1989-05-31 1996-12-12 Diehl Gmbh & Co mine
DE3934979A1 (en) * 1989-10-20 1991-04-25 Dynamit Nobel Ag SELF-ALIGNING MINE
DE4021685C2 (en) * 1990-07-07 1996-05-02 Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh Airborne land mine with positioning device
US5069136A (en) * 1990-09-14 1991-12-03 Honeywell Inc. Two-stage release mechanism and method for self-righting a load
DE4032631A1 (en) * 1990-10-15 1992-04-16 Rheinmetall Gmbh REJECTABLE MINE
DE4037173A1 (en) * 1990-11-22 1992-05-27 Dynamit Nobel Ag Ejection body with improved sitting behavior
US5107397A (en) * 1990-12-19 1992-04-21 At&T Bell Laboratories Technique for component placement and orientation to improve circuit pack cooling
DE4041113A1 (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-07-02 Dynamit Nobel Ag SELF-RE-ESTABLISHING MINE
DE4214225A1 (en) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-04 Dynamit Nobel Ag SELF-RE-ESTABLISHING MINE
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US6606951B1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2003-08-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Bounding anti-tank/anti-vehicle weapon
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0296382A2 (en) 1988-12-28
EP0296382A3 (en) 1991-10-30
DE3886105D1 (en) 1994-01-20
US4934274A (en) 1990-06-19
JP2825493B2 (en) 1998-11-18
DE3733150A1 (en) 1988-12-15
JPS6428499A (en) 1989-01-31

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